BIALYSTOK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

MASTER'S DIPLOMA THESIS

SUBJECT: Deep thermomodernization of the building with an economic analysis

CONTRACTOR: .Seyithan Kiliç

DIPLOMA THESIS SUPERVISOR: dr inż. Beata Sadowska

BIAŁYSTOK 2023 R
Contens
Introduction .……………………………………………..…………………..……………… 3
Propose and program of the thesis ………………………….……………………………... 4
Review of the literature ……………………………………….…………………………..... 5
1. Review of methods of termomodernization of buildings ………………………..……. 7
1.1. Definitions, standards, course of the termomodernization process ………..…… 10
1.2. Materials used for termomodernization of building and envolepe ……….
…....14
1.3. Sequence of termomodernization works
……………………………………….. 16
1.4 Improvıng effıciently ınstalatıon system………………………………………..17
4.2. 1.5 economic effects of the proposed
Solutions
2. Description of the building selected for analysis and of the existing state …….....… 19
2.1. Location and characteristics of the building …………………..
……………….. 20
2.2. Description of the structure and construction technology of the building .... 23
2.3. Assessment of termal quality of particions and comparing with requirement .
(divided by 3-4).. 26
2.4. Preparing a list of improvements……………………………………………….

3. Selection of methods to reduce energy demand ……………..…………………….… 29

3.1. Analysis of building thermal modernization variants and their impact on the
building's energy rating …………………………………………………...…….. 31
3.1.1. Insulation of external walls, external ceiling, internal walls, ceiling from
below and roof insulation ………...………………………………………. 32
3.1.2. Replacement of windows and doors ………………………………..……. 33
3.1.3. Insulating the circuits and adding better regulation of central heating
receivers and radiators …………………………………..……………….. 34
3.1.4. The use of heat pumps and photovoltaic panels ………………………….. 35
3.1.5. Ventilation installation with heat recovery …………………………..…… 36
3.2. Comparative analysis taking into account the primary energy index ………….. 37
3.3. Summary of proposed solutions ………………………………………...……… 38

4. Determination of energy saving and economic analysis ………………………..…… 45

4.0 assissment of energy needs of building before and after thermomornizations…
(methods , softword, input data and results
4.1. Calculation methodology and results of economic efficiency analysis …...…… 50
4.3. Description of investment costs and energy and economic effects of the proposed
Solutions …………………………………………………..……………………. 52
4.3.1. Simply Pay Back Time (SPBT) …………………………...…...…… 54
4.3.2. Pay Back Time (PBT) …………………………………………...….. 56
4.3.3. Net Present Value (NPV) ………………………………...…………. 58
4.3.4. Net Present Value Ratio (NPVR) ……………………………...……. 60
4.3.5. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) ………………………….…………… 62
4.3.6. Dynamic Pay Back Time (DPBT) ……………………………..…… 64
4.4. Detailed scope of thermal modernization activities of the optimal thermal
modernization variant considered optimal …………………………………..…. 66
5. Summary of the analysis ………………………………………….… 71
Conclusions……….
Bibliography …………………………………………………………..…………………… 75
List of tables ………………………………………………………………….…………….. 77
List of drawings ……………………………………………………………….…………… 80

Deep thermomodernization in buildings refers to a comprehensive energy renovation

process implemented to significantly increase the energy efficiency of a building. This
process aims to minimize energy consumption by improving the building's thermal
insulation, energy-efficient air conditioning systems, lighting systems and other energy-
consuming components.
Deep thermomodernization involves not only surface improvements but also changes to the
foundation of the building envelope and internal systems. This includes bringing all buildings
into compliance with modern energy standards, not just old buildings. This process is
designed to deliver long-term energy savings to building owners and users, reduce
environmental impact and generally increase building value.

Energy efficiency provides the normalization of external conditions that affect energy
consumption, while also expressing the amount of energy saved, determined by measured or
predicted consumption before and after improvements. Reducing energy consumption in the
building construction sector is becoming an important issue in European Union member
countries. The “Clean Energy for all European Union countries” package plans a new target to
reduce primary and final energy consumption by at least 32.5% by 2030. These measures
allow the potential of fossil fuels to be used efficiently and sustainably and to reduce the
emissions of produced gases and particulate air pollutants. in the process of combustion of
energy fuel. The ever-increasing prices of energy carriers make it necessary to improve the
energy performance of buildings. For this purpose, the regulations in new and old buildings
are examined in more detail.
Studies show that buildings contribute significantly to global energy consumption and CO2
emissions, with 30% of energy use and 27% of energy-related CO2 emissions being attributed
to them. Despite today's numerous measures, most existing buildings cannot meet the
required energy efficiency standards, especially in the European Union, where the majority
of buildings were built before 2001. The European Union has launched a "renewal wave
strategy" to solve this problem. It plans to double the annual rate of energy-related building
renovations and upgrade 35 million buildings by 2030.
In Poland, the Long-Term Building Improvement Strategy targets approximately 236
thousand deep thermomodernizations per year from 2020 to 2030, and it is planned that
this number will be approximately 7.5 million in total by 2050. This includes low
thermomodernization, replacement of high-emission heat sources, and deep
thermomodernization. It also includes additional measures such as insulation, window and
door replacement. The proposed action plan combines increasing low thermomodernization
with the gradual expansion of deep thermomodernization by 2030. These efforts also focus
on achieving near-zero energy building standards and increasing the use of renewable
energy. The main goal is to increase energy efficiency as much as possible, reduce emissions
and improve the overall environmental impact of buildings.

European countries import a large portion of the energy they consume from abroad. This
situation increases their dependence on other countries in terms of energy every year. A
significant part of the general energy consumption is used in the residential sector, especially
for heating purposes. In order to use energy more efficiently, engineers need to analyze how
buildings respond to different climatic conditions and optimize the design parameters that
affect the indoor climate. The investment cost of the building depends on a number of
factors. Factors such as building type, size, location, materials used and design complexity
affect this cost.
It is important that each design is not only energy efficient but also economically acceptable.
In addition, it is of great importance to use the most economically suitable and cost-effective
materials. The main purpose of this study is to determine the building envelope details
according to the operating period of the heating systems, while ensuring climatic comfort
and taking into account the life cycle cost.