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2021 年 11 月 Chin J Contemp Pediatr Nov. 2021
doi:10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2107167
论著·临床研究
不同维持剂量枸橼酸咖啡因对极早产儿呼吸窘迫
综合征撤机影响:前瞻性随机对照研究
黎小兰 1 蔡岳鞠 2 张喆 2 李坚 2 陈晓文 2 宋燕燕 1 周伟 2
(广州市妇女儿童医疗中心 1. 儿童保健部;2. 新生儿科,广东广州 510623)
Abstract: Objective To study the effect of different maintenance doses of caffeine citrate on the success rate of
ventilator weaning in very preterm infants (gestational age of ≤32 weeks) with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).
Methods A total of 162 preterm infants with RDS who were admitted to the hospital from January 2016 to December
2018 were enrolled in this prospective trial. These infants had a gestational age of ≤32 weeks and required invasive
mechanical ventilation. They were randomly divided into a high-dose caffeine group and a low-dose caffeine group, with
81 infants in each group. Within 6 hours after birth, both groups were given caffeine at a dose of 20 mg/kg. After 24
hours, the high- and low-dose caffeine groups were given caffeine at a maintenance dose of 10 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg,
respectively. The two groups were compared in terms of re-intubation rate within 48 hours after ventilator weaning,
durations of ventilation and oxygen therapy, enteral feeding, weight gain, and the incidence rates of complications and
adverse reactions during hospitalization. Results The high-dose caffeine group had a significantly lower re-intubation
rate within 48 hours after ventilator weaning than the low-dose caffeine group (P<0.05), with frequent apnea as the main
reason for failed ventilator weaning in both groups. The high-dose caffeine group had significantly shorter durations of
mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy than the low-dose caffeine group (P<0.05). There were no significant
differences between the two groups in the time to total enteral feeding, average daily weight gain, body weight at
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第 23 卷 第 11 期 中国当代儿科杂志 Vol.23 No.11
2021 年 11 月 Chin J Contemp Pediatr Nov. 2021
discharge, and the incidence rates of complications (bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing
enterocolitis, and intracranial hemorrhage) and adverse reactions (tachycardia, hypertension, and feeding intolerance)
(P>0.05). Conclusions A high maintenance dose of caffeine can safely and effectively reduce the incidence rate of
apnea after ventilator weaning and the failure rate of ventilator weaning in RDS preterm infants with a gestational age
of ≤32 weeks, and therefore, it holds promise for clinical application.
[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2021, 23(11): 1097-1102]
Key words: Respiratory distress syndrome; Caffeine citrate; Ventilator weaning; Preterm infant
表1 两组患儿基本情况比较
足疗程使用
GBS 感染 胎膜早破≥18 h 绒毛膜羊膜炎 妊娠糖尿病 妊娠高血压
组别 例数 地塞米松
[例(%)] [例(%)] [例(%)] [例(%)] [例(%)]
[例(%)]
高剂量组 81 29(36) 13(16) 21(26) 10(12) 52(64) 33(41)
低剂量组 81 31(38) 15(19) 23(28) 8(10) 49(60) 30(37)
χ2 值 0.106 0.173 0.125 0.250 0.237 0.234
P值 0.745 0.678 0.724 0.617 0.627 0.629
注:[GBS] B 族链球菌。
表2 两组患儿住院期间辅助通气及体重增长情况比较
总机械通气 PS 治疗量 达全肠内喂养 平均每天
氧疗时间 住院时间 出院时体重
组别 例数 时间 >200 mg/kg 时间 体重增长
(xˉ ± s, d) (xˉ ± s, d) (xˉ ± s, g)
(xˉ ± s, d) [例(%)] (xˉ ± s, d) (xˉ ± s, g)
高剂量组 81 12±4 15±3 73(90) 34±6 14.5±2.5 25±5 2 224±111
低剂量组 81 14±5 17±4 75(93) 36±6 15.1±3.0 24±5 2 197±122
t/χ 2 值 2.276 4.063 0.313 1.876 1.557 1.375 1.454
P值 0.024 <0.001 0.576 0.062 0.121 0.171 0.148
注:[PS] 肺表面活性物质。
表3 两组患儿主要并发症和不良反应比较 [例 (%)]
3 讨论 从而最大程度降低有创机械通气。因为有创机械
通气时间越长,呼吸机相关性肺炎、BPD、气胸、
新生儿 RDS 是导致早产儿伤残和死亡的重要 脑损伤等的发生风险会明显增高,会相应增加患
原因,有资料显示,RDS 致残率和病死率分别高 儿住院时间、病死率及各种不良并发症的发生
达 30% 和 25% 。对于 RDS 患儿,早期给予有效
[11]
率 [12]。国内一项 BPD 多中心研究结果显示 BPD 更
的干预措施,可以明显降低气管插管率、BPD 发 多发生在出生胎龄<32 周的男性极低出生体重儿
生率及病死率。RDS 指南强烈推荐早期 CPAP 联合 中,而呼吸机相关性肺炎、常频机械通气是 BPD
PS 治疗 RDS,理念是使无创呼吸支持最大化应用, 发生的高危因素 [13]。极早产儿拔管后 48 h 内重新
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2021 年 11 月 Chin J Contemp Pediatr Nov. 2021
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2021 年 11 月 Chin J Contemp Pediatr Nov. 2021
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