Abu Tahir (594398) Engineering Level 3 Extended Diploma

Unit 6 Electrical & Electronic Principles

Unit Code 20786C
Task 1 (This provides evidence for P7/8)

1. Prepare a report describing the characteristics of a magnetic field. You must ensure that your
report includes a detailed explanation of the relationship between flux density (B) and magnetic
field strength (H).

A magnetic field is a change in energy within a volume of space. Magnetograph can be created by
placing a piece of paper over a magnet and sprinkling the paper with iron filings. The particles align
themselves with the lines of magnetic force produced by the magnet. The magnetic lines of force
show where the magnetic field exits the material at one pole and re-enters the material at another
pole along the length of the magnet.

Properties of Magnetic lines of Force:

 They seek the path of least resistance between opposite magnetic poles. In a single bar
magnet as shown to the right, they attempt to form closed loops from pole to pole.
 They never cross one another.
 They all have the same strength.
 Their density decreases (they spread out) when they move from an area of higher
permeability to an area of lower permeability.
 Their density decreases with increasing distance from the poles.
 They are considered to have direction as if flowing, though no actual movement occurs.
 They flow from the South Pole to the North Pole within a material and North Pole to South
Pole in air.

What is Flux Density (B)?

The Magnetic Flux Density is the magnetic flux per unit area of a section perpendicular to the
direction of flux. The equation for magnetic flux density is:

B=Φ/A

Where:

B= Magnetic Flux Density in Tesla (T)

Φ = Magnetic Flux (wb)

A = Area in square meters (m2)

We see that the SI unit for B is webers per square meter (wb/m2). One weber per square meter is
called a tesla.
Abu Tahir (594398) Engineering Level 3 Extended Diploma

What is Magnetic Field Strength (H)?

The strength of a magnetic field in a coil of wire depends on how much current flows in the turns of
the coil. The more the current, the stronger the magnetic field. Also, the more turns, the more
concentrated are the lines of force. The product of the current times the number of turns of the coil,
which is expressed in units called ampre-turns (At), is known as the magnetomtive force (mmf). As a
formula:

F = ampre-turns = NI

Where:

F = Magnetomtive Force (At)

N = Number of Turns

I = Current (A)

If a coil with a certain number of ampre- turns is stretched out to twice its original length, the field
strength of the magnetic field, that is, the concentration of lines of force will be half as great. The
Magnetic field strength thus depends on how long the coil is.

Expressed as an equation:

H = NI/I

Where:

H = Magnetic field strength, ampre-turns per meter (At/m)

NI = Ampre-turns, (At)

I = Length between poles of coils (M)

Relationship between Flux Density and Magnetic Field Strength?

They are geometrically related through their Hodge dual B=μ⋆H B=μ⋆H. Also they are physically
related through the constitutive equations, which depend upon the specifics of the circumstance
and can be quite complicated in practice.

The Magnetic Flux Density and Magnetic Field Strength have different geometries, different
operational definitions, and different units although they can be related to each other through an
understanding of the physical circumstances.
Abu Tahir (594398) Engineering Level 3 Extended Diploma

Reference

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-relationship-between-magnetic-flux-density-B-and-magnetic-
field-strength-H

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-physical-difference-between-magnetic-flux-density-B-and-
magnetic-field-strength-H

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