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Contemporary Philippine

Arts from the Regions

Quarter 2

Module 16
Art Movements
and Styles:
Visual Arts
Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions – Grade 12
Quarter 2 – Module 16: Art Movements and Styles : Visual Arts
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that no copyright shall subsist in
any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
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impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand


names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to
use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and
authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Narciso A. Ogaya Jr.


Editors: Irene J. Mondejar
Jovelyn L. Espino
Reviewers: Narciso A. Ogaya Jr.
Illustrator: Maria Christian Jallina S. Sampang
Layout Artist: Maria Christian Jallina S. Sampang
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Aurelio G. Alfonso, Ed. D.
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javeña, Ed. D.
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon, Ed. D. (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)


Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde, Ed. D. (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera, Ed. D. (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio, Ph. D. (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos, Ph. D. (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao, Ed.D. (Mathematics/ABM)
Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of
Pasig City
Contemporary Philippine
Arts from the Regions
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 16
Art Movements and Styles :
Visual Arts

Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Contemporary Arts from the Philippine Regions (Grade 12)
Module on Art Movements and Styles : Visual Arts!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and


reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and


independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher


This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions Module on Art
Movements and Styles : Visual Arts
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - These point to the set of knowledge and skills


that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson


at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts


and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and


application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the


lesson.

Posttest - This measure how much you have learned from the
entire module.
EXPECTATIONS

By the end of this lesson, the learner is expected to:


1. identify the different visual art movement and styles in the
Philippine contemporary art;
2. create a final product applying the artistic skills and styles based
from the art movements; and
3. appreciate the significance of artistic skills and styles based
from the art movements in the creation of an artwork.

PRETEST

Direction: Read the statement of each item carefully and identify if it is true
or false. Write True if the statement is correct and False if the
statement is incorrect. Write your answers legibly on your answer
sheets.
______ 1. Cubism is a style of art that portrayed the core spirit of the 20th
century depicting the expression of the self and emotions.

______ 2. The University of the Philippines oblation or a concrete statue


crafted by Philippine National Artist Guillermo Tolentino which serves
as the iconic symbol of the university is an example of Neoclassicism
art movement.

______3. Romanticism is an art movement characterized by an emphasis on


the senses and emotion and Juan Luna is the most prominent Filipino
artist in this movement.

______4. Fernando Amorsolo was one of the most important artists in


the Philippines and was one of the artists in the realism movement to
paint nature perfectly blended with some stylized depictions.

______5. Expressionism is an art movement often using geometric shapes


and highly intense colors, such as the work of Philippine National Artist
for Visual Arts - Ang Kiukok.
RECAP
Let us refresh back the core concepts of what we’ve previously studied
on the stylistic tendencies.

There are four broad categories of style which are used to classify any
art pieces we perceive and will help us to understand the motivation behind
an artwork and evaluate as well its intrinsic value.

1. The Style of Objective Accuracy that attempts to accurately


represent what we see the physical objects, people or the world
around us.
2. The Style of Formal Order shapes the association of contemporary
arts to the stability and a performance to its implication in the world.
This creates with the emphasis of order in measure, proportion,
balance, harmony and relationships.
3. The Style of Emotion portraying the expression of feelings in an
artwork such as joy, sorrow, fear, anger and others.

4. The Style of Fantasy is a genre of art that deals on magical or


supernatural themes, ideas, characters, structures or settings.

LESSON
ART MOVEMENTS AND STYLES:
VISUAL ARTS
The Philippine culture and historic stories were aesthetically
illustrated in countless visual art forms that made the Filipino distinct,
vibrant and unique of its own. All Philippine arts were once contemporary
during their time of existence. However, some lead artists defined that
Philippine Contemporary Art occurred from1980s to present times. In
addition, upon the on-set of technology through personal computers, a new
art medium and style for the arts and human expression were created. The
revivals of old styles of Philippine arts has also started which set a new
direction for the arts- momentarily called as the Philippine Contemporary
Period.

Movements in the Philippines are styles in art established by artists


with a common philosophy or goal characterized of Western origin and
influence. The Philippine art movements initiated by contemporary artists
speaks out of the social atmosphere which driven them to become famous.
Nowadays, a lot of the artists would create works that shift styles with
each new breed of exhibit. For purposes of categorizing art style and
movement in visual arts, here are some of the styles currently found in a lot
of contemporary Filipino art.

Baroque
Baroque is an art movement that flourished in Europe during the
17th and 18th centuries attributed by extravagant
imagery through use of extensive decoration,
embellishment and ornamentation which then
adapted by Filipino artists. An example of this is
the design applied to Sto. Niño image.

Photo courtesy:
https://www.google.com/search?
rlz=1C1CHZN_enPH921PH922&sxsrf=ALeKk0048eWu5-
aLxXX59_poDMT4iNPVrA:1609548376957&source=univ&

Neoclassicism

Neoclassicism is art style followed soon after the Baroque movement


early in 19th century. It is a revival to the style of the Classical period of the
Greeks and Romans, with an emphasis on
symmetry, order and simplicity. This
movement became prominent in the
Philippines during its revival of its art style.
A concrete example of this is the UP
Oblation or a concrete statue crafted by
Philippine National Artist Guillermo

Photo courtesy: https://www.google.com/search?


Tolentino which serves as the iconic symbol of the University
of the Philippines. It depicts a man facing upward with arms outstretched,
symbolizing selfless offering of oneself to his organization.

Romanticism

Romanticism is an art movement characterized by an emphasis on


the senses and emotion and became prominent during the 19th century.
Juan Luna is the most prominent Filipino artist in this movement, with
harmony of some impressionist style in his work. 19th Century. Juan
Luna’s Spoliarium painting features a glimpse of Roman history centered on
the bloody carnage brought by gladiatorial matches. Spoliarium is a Latin
word referring to the basement of the
Roman Colosseum where the fallen,
severely wounded-dying gladiators are
devoid of their worldly possessions.
The main purpose of Juan Luna’s
painting of Spoliarium is to awaken
Filipinos from ignorance, blindness,
mental darkness and oppression from
Spoliarium, Juan Luna (1884)
Photo Courtesy: https://www.google.com/search?
colonization. q=spolarium+of+juan+luna+is+an+example+of&rlz=1C1CHZN_enPH921PH922&sxsrf=ALeKk000GX
Vcv_JYrqJw2DCxNHaNYf9UzA:1609551853883&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQ7

Realism

Realism is an art movement from the 19th century strongly pushed


for the art style of Naturalism aiming to represent nature the way it truly
appears. Notable artists here are Felipe Roxas and Fernando Amorsolo.
Amorsolo, however, was one of the most
important artists in the history of painting
in the Philippines and was one of the
artists in the realism movement to paint
nature perfectly blended with some
stylized depictions. Amorsolo was a
portraitist and painter of rural Philippine

The Mountains of Fernando Amorsolo


Photo courtesy: https://www.google.com/search?
q=fernando+amorsolo+nature&rlz=1C1CHZN_enPH921PH922&sxsrf=ALeKk03Oq5O9A
landscapes. He is popularly known for his mastery in the use of light to his
great crafts.

Expressionism

Expressionism is an art movement that became popular in the 20th


century, went for a style that did not
necessarily concern itself with
observation, often using geometric
shapes and highly intense colors,
such as the work of Philippine
National Artist for Visual Arts - Ang
Kiukok. His name ang Kiukok
means “save the country. A concrete
example of expressionism is a Dog Fight created by Ang Kiukok (1982)
where he used distortion and dull colors to depict various stories of dog
fights.

Cubism

Cubism is an art movement that started around 1907 made famous


by Pablo Picasso utilizing the use of figures like cubes, cones, and cylinders
to illustrate everything in nature. As adapted in the Philippines, the logical
art of cubism style was applied. Example of this was Vicente Manansala a
Filipino cubism painter and
illustrator. His works is
characterized of transparent cubism,
where the human figure remained
intact while the background or the
environment was still depicted
clearly but in the cubism forms and
example of this is the Market Scene
“Market Scene” of Vicente Manansala
Photo courtesy:
painting. https://www.google.com/search?
q=vicente+manansala+cubism&rlz=1C1CHZN_enPH921PH922&sxsrf=ALeKk01OmUCtiAC1c751e5yHpH
OOyXpqkA:1609555782359&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=ZBRT0Slmy_7UXM
Impressionism
Impressionism is an art movement became famous in the 19th century
with artists like Claude Monet of France. This movement is not trying to
paint a reflection of real life, but
an 'impression' of what the
person, light, atmosphere, object
or landscape looked like to them.
A significant aspect of
the impressionist painting to
create an art that was modern by
capturing the rapid pace of
contemporary life with dramatic shifting of light on the surface of forms and
the representation varying atmospheric conditions. Some of the notable
Filipino impressionists include Fernando Amorsolo, José Joya, Pacita Abad,
Ang Kiukok, Benedicto Cabrera, Kidlat Tahimik, Eduardo Masferré, and
Agnes Arellano.
“SEASCAPE” of FERNANDO AMORSOLO
Photo courtesy:
https://www.google.com/search?
q=impressionism+painting+of+Amorsolo+in+the+philippines&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjX2tH41fztAhUSS5QKHSobBRUQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=impressionism+painting+of+Amorsolo+in+the+philippines&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQA1DOrQ1Y5soNYKPWDWgAcAB4AIABzQ2IAZ
MukgEFNy0yLjKYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ8ABAQ&sclient=img&ei=XhnwX9ezB5KW0QSqtpSoAQ&bih=722&biw=1536&rlz=1C1CHZN_e
nPH921PH922

Surrealism
Surrealism was famous in the early 1920s by artists like Salvador
Dali. This art movement aimed to depict the subconscious thinking of the
artist to visually portray their creativity. Surrealistic artwork is
characterized by dream-like visuals, using symbolic figures and collage
images. Surrealist artists create their
work in a conventional way in which they
were able to “lift” textures and forms from
the physical world. Andres Barrioquinto
is a Filipino visual artist known for his
surrealistic portraits layered with
Japanese art style and unique pattern
designs.
A PAINTING of ANDRES BARRIOQUINTO
Photo courtesy:
https://www.google.com/search?
q=andres+barrioquinto+artworks+name&tbm=isch&rlz=1C1CHZN_enPH921PH922&hl=en
-

Social Realism in a Philippine Perspective

As the term implies, the theme of


the different artworks on this style
portrays the commentaries on
socio-political issues of the
country. According to Alice
Guillermo, an art critic, social
realism has evolved during the
awakening of politicized Filipino
consciousness during the late
1800s revolutionary period and
then repeated in the First Quarter
Photo courtesy
https://www.slideshare.net/NureenAlizahOsbucan/arts-philippine-art-movement
Storm around 1970s (Martial Law) Martsa ng Bayan para sa Kalayaan,
Katarungan, at Kapayapaan, Edgar Fernandez (1984).
Photo courtesy
https://www.slideshare.net/NureenAlizahOsbucan/arts-philippine-art-movement

Figurative Art
Figurative art is one of the most popular art movements which is
representational in approach that is derived from real object sources. Early
figurative art in the Philippines is mostly realistic
and classical in form. At this modern times,
surreal depictions of human figures and
conditions entered figurative art. A visual blend
of hues, and sometimes irony is brought in to
add taste to a common place event or situation.
On this style, figures and anatomy are
characterized also of its distorted or altered form
to some artworks.
Some of the famous artists on figurative art are the old Filipino art
masters like Juan Luna, Felix Resurrecion Hidalgo; artists during the war
years, Vicente Manansala, National Artists Carlos "Botong" Francisco,
Fernando Amorsolo; sculptors Guillermo Tolentino and Anastacio Caedo;
recent figurative artists are Elmer Borlongan, Ivan Roxas, and Patrick
Photo courtesy
https://www.slideshare.net/NureenAlizahOsbucan/arts-
Flores. philippine-art-movement

Abstract Art or Non-Representational Art

Abstract expressionism is a style of art that portrayed the core spirit


of the 20th century. It depicts the expression of the self and emotions. The
colors are quite violent, the substance has a figurative tint and objects from
the natural world including of its core ideas are portrayed using color and
form. This style of art does not attempt to
represent an accurate depiction of a visual
reality but instead of using shapes, colours,
forms and gestural marks to achieve its effect.
After World War II, abstract art in the
Philippines has started to flourish where
modernists were steering away from the more
conservative style and finding new ways of
expressing themselves. Hernando Ruiz Ocampo
was a Filipino artist best known for his
Photo courtesy: https://www.google.com/search?
abstract paintings.
q=hernando+ocampo+abstract+paintings&rlz=1C1CHZN_enPH921PH922&sxsrf=ALeKk03e
pMhF_mAlk7DFHLXXvwdm8GhbYA:1609577640579&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=jAY
nLPS74pm8CM%252CHz2PRhYBRE_DNM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-
kR4xc8hJJ0Rf_9FEsb_dHDavl2tkA&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwie4oT87_ztAhWIGKYKHRLjBo0Q9Q
F6BAgKEAE#imgrc=jAYnLPS74pm8CM

Conceptual Art

The conceptual art movement emphasizes that the idea is more


important than the object, and
encompasses site-specific art
installations, three-dimensional
assemblages of discards and non-art
elements. It gives emphasis on the
artist's thinking while the artworks are merely documents of the artist's
thoughts. Some of the works are ephemeral or temporary, and therefore
requires documentation for its recording purposes and future use. Roberto
Chabet is known as the Father of Philippine Conceptual Art.

https://www.google.com/search?
q=roberto+chabet+artworks&rlz=1C1CHZN_enPH921PH922&sxsrf=ALeKk03heJGXbbm2L0yCFEd8Y1B
goNmksA:1609573512662&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwis6tjL4PztAhUMiZQKHZ8W
DekQ_AUoAXoECAQQAw&biw=1536&bih=722
Pop Art

Pop art is a distinctive genre of art that is primarily characterized by


an interest in popular culture and imaginative interpretations of commercial
products characterized for its bold
imagery, bright color palette, and
repetitive approach designed for mass
production. The movement is celebrated
for its unique, creative and distinct
styles. The movement presented a
challenge to traditions of fine art by
“Beneath the Mask” of Anton Del Castillo
including imagery from popular and
Photo courtesy: https://www.google.com/search?
q=anton+del+castillo+pop+arts&rlz=1C1CHZN_enPH921PH922&sxsrf=ALeKk01WahuMxbc
QEuuHkckFTba3xReBsg:1609574236243&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjN

mass culture like advertising. Anton Del


09yk4_ztAhVXxYsBHdaYDO4Q_AUoAXoECAQQAw&biw=1536&bih=722#imgrc=AUVSYOFS
QBbzYM

Castillo (born in 1976 in Tondo, Manila,


Philippines) is a distinct pop-artist in
the Philippines. He is a multi-awarded
and critically acclaimed Filipino visual
artist known for the vibrant
craftsmanship and meticulous designs
of his works that speaks on modernism
and contemporary life.

Pop-surreal and Lowbrow Art

Pop-surreal and
tattoos, and other alternative-pop
culture themes. American illustrator
Dave McKean who created informal
movements within the universities had
influenced a lot of young Filipino artists. Further, graffiti arts using spray
paint and even stickers commonly used by young Filipino artists were the
influence from late Jean Michel Basquiat and Keith Haring in the late 70s to
80s.

Regionalism
Regionalism was an American art movement that centralized around
artists working in the Midwest in states like Kansas and Missouri focusing
the rural lives. In the Philippines, it portrays the distinct and unique art
products raising the flagship of the identity of the specific region.

LUZON VISAYAS MINDANAO

ACTIVITY

Activity No. 1
Create your own artwork and choose your own style based on various
art movements and styles. Use appropriate materials available in your
respective homes for your best possible output. (20 points).
1. What is the title of your artwork?

_______________________________________________

2. What art movement your work is inspired of? And what style have you used in

your artwork?

___________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________.

Rubric for scoring:

ART MOVEMENTS AND STYLES


RUBRICS ASSESSMENT
Criteria/Rating 4 3 2 1
Excellent Very Satisfactory Satisfactory Needs
Improvement
Content / The artwork excellently The artwork depicts the The artwork partly The artwork shows
Composition depicts the contemporary themes depicts the undefined theme
contemporary themes and shows clearly the contemporary themes with no sincerity of
and shows clearly the styles based from the and shows clearly the completing the
styles based from the chosen art movement. styles based from the work.
chosen art movement. chosen art movement.

Impact Highly effective and Effective and Moderately effective Not effective and
expressive artwork that expressive artwork that and expressive artwork expressive artwork
reinforce impact to the reinforce impact to the that reinforce little and has no impact
viewers. viewers. impact to the viewers. to the viewers.

The Product Clear evidence of Some evidence of Little evidence of No evidence of


correctness, originality correctness, originality correctness, originality correctness,
and expression is seen and expression is seen and expression is partly originality and
in the final product in the final product seen in the final expression is seen in
product. the final product

Neatness The artwork is very The artwork is neat and The artwork is partly The artwork is not
neat and tidy. It does tidy. It does not have neat and tidy. It has neat and so untidy
not have erasures or visible erasures or tolerable erasures and with full of erasures
corrective marks. corrective marks. corrective marks. and corrective
marks.

Visual Excellent use of artistic Good use of artistic Average use of artistic There is a little use
Language skills and techniques. It skills and techniques. It skills and techniques. It of artistic skills and
uses vivid images and uses vivid images and uses images and techniques with
rich imaginative rich imaginative average imaginative unclear imagery and
language. language. language. visual language.

Points _________ Points________ Points__________ Points_______

Total: _______

WRAP-UP

Let us familiarize of what we’ve learned today. Let’s supply our own
ideas to this unfinished statement. Let’s start.
I learned that
__________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.

VALUING
How the lessons in this module be related to our real life?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.

POST-TEST

DIRECTION: Read the statement carefully and identify what is being


described in each item. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

______ 1. It is an underground visual art movement based on comic books,


tattoos, and other alternative-pop culture themes.
______ 2. It is a style of art that portrayed the core spirit of the 20th century
depicting the expression of the self and emotions.
______ 3. The University of the Philippines oblation or a concrete statue
crafted by Philippine Artist Guillermo Tolentino which serves as the
iconic symbol of the university is an example of ___________ art
movement.
______4. It is a distinctive genre of art that is primarily characterized by an
interest in popular culture and imaginative interpretations of
commercial products.
______5. It is an art movement characterized by an emphasis on the senses
and emotion and Juan Luna is the most prominent Filipino artist in
this movement.

______6. It is an art movement aimed to depict the subconscious thinking of


the artist to visually portray their creativity characterized by dream-
like visuals, using symbolic figures and collage images.

______7. It is an art movement often using geometric shapes and highly


intense colors, such as the work of Philippine National Artist for
Visual Arts - Ang Kiukok.

______8. It is an art movement emphasizes that the idea is more


important than the object, and encompasses site-specific art
installations, three-dimensional assemblages of discards and non-art
elements.
_____9. It is one of the most popular art movements which is
representational in approach that is derived from real object sources
and the artwork is characterized its distorted or altered forms.

_____10. It is an art movement aiming to represent nature the way it


truly appears and one of the Filipino artists in the realism movement
to paint nature perfectly blended with some stylized depictions was
Fernando Amorsolo.

REFERENCES

https://www.realliving.com.ph/lifestyle/arts-culture/rl-spotlight-5-filipino-art-movements

https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1CHZN_enPH921PH922&sxsrf=ALeKk0048eWu5-
aLxXX59_poDMT4iNPVrA:1609548376957&source=univ&tbm=isch&q=sto+nino+de
sign&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiDjYf6gvztAhWEJaYKHeMXB_4Q7Al6BAgEEDA&biw=153
6&bih=722&dpr=1.25

https://www.google.com/search?
q=up+diliman+oblation&rlz=1C1CHZN_enPH921PH922&sxsrf=ALeKk01TP-
510OzKFf5WFeHNIgJOJawGSw:1609549447781&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=
otv-nQ79vBbvrM%252CpyLBR3s5vnKiLM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-
kRrWcL63IMrM0F3nNh8NEkG5BXBiw&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjO_9T4hvztAhVqyYsB
Hd-SApsQ_h16BAglEAE#imgrc=otv-nQ79vBbvrM

https://www.google.com/search?
q=spolarium+of+juan+luna+is+an+example+of&rlz=1C1CHZN_enPH921PH922&sxsr
f=ALeKk000GXVcv_JYrqJw2DCxNHaNYf9UzA:1609551853883&source=lnms&tbm=i
sch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQ7P3zj_ztAhXGF4gKHVIdA1EQ_AUoAXoECA4QAw&biw=
1536&bih=722

https://www.google.com/search?
q=spolarium+of+juan+luna+is+an+example+of&rlz=1C1CHZN_enPH921PH922&sxsr
f=ALeKk000GXVcv_JYrqJw2DCxNHaNYf9UzA:1609551853883&source=lnms&tbm=i
sch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQ7P3zj_ztAhXGF4gKHVIdA1EQ_AUoAXoECA4QAw&biw=
1536&bih=722#imgrc=rUbBnBED-3CHqM

https://www.google.com/search?
q=fernando+amorsolo+nature&rlz=1C1CHZN_enPH921PH922&sxsrf=ALeKk03Oq5O
9A8Sc5vJB8ChphB_t9uN2gw:1609552949715&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved
=2ahUKEwisjcL-k_ztAhUnBKYKHfQBD-
gQ_AUoAXoECB8QAw&biw=1536&bih=722#imgrc=zhxF7bpZUfZhXM

https://www.google.com/search?
q=vicente+manansala+cubism&rlz=1C1CHZN_enPH921PH922&sxsrf=ALeKk01OmU
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