Requirement: design audio amplifier circuit with the following parameters:

Differential OCL circuit

Power 10W

4 Ohm speaker impedance

Impedance to 250k Ohm

Input voltage 0.7V

Bandwidth: 50-150k Hz

Nonlinear distortion 0.3%

The input signal circuit generates square waves and has a frequency of 50Hz -
3kHz.

I. Power supply calculation

Let V Lhd, I Lhd are RMS voltage and RMS current on load respectively:
VL I
V Lhd= I Load= L
√2 √2
The Power on load:

Using the RMS value allows you to treat AC circuits as if they were DC
circuits with the same voltage or current magnitude.

Consistent power calculations with DC circuits

2
2 V Lhd
P L=I Lhd R L=
RL
2 2
I Lhd R L V Lhd
¿ =
2 2 RL

From design specification: P L=8 ( W ), R L=4 ( Ω )

V L= √ 2 R L P L =√ 2 ( 8 )( 4 )=8 ( V )

→𝑉𝐿→ V L=8𝑉
 I L=
√ 2 P Load
R Load
=
√
2 ( 8)
4
=2 ( A )

→ I L=2 ( A )

We have Q1, Q2 working in class AB, so choose the power factor of the
power supply: ε =0.8
We also choose V CC to prevent the output signal distortion:
V CC ≥ V Load ( peak )
(Because of prevents distortion of the output signal in the circuit)
V L ( 8)
V L=ε V CC ⟹V CC= = =10 ( V )
ε 0.8
To avoid wastage and ensure enough power supply for the circuit to run,
we choose V CC larger than calculated.
→ Choose V CC=±15 ( V )
II. Output stage calculation
Output stage is chosen to work in class AB in order to avoid crossover
distortion and produce high output power.

We choose BJTs Q1, Q2 work in class AB. So static collector current is in

range ( 20 mA −50 mA )
→ Choose I E (Q )=I E (Q )=50 ( mA )
1 2

Peak emitter currents on Q1, Q2:

I Ep (Q 1)=I Ep (Q 2)=I L + I E (Q 1)=2+50 m=2.05 ( A )

1. R1 , R 2calculation
R1 , R 2 must be Power Resistors since they are used to stabilize the
temperature. The signal on R1 , R 2 is also the output signal on load
therefore R1 , R 2 must have large size to withstand and dissipate large
amounts of power.

We choose R1 , R 2 values to maximize the output signal:

1 1
VR≥ V L ≥ ( 8 )=0 , 4 ( V )
1
20 20
 VR 0.4
¿> R 1=R2= 1
= =0.20 ( Ω )
I Ep (Q 1 ) 2.05

Power dissipation on R1 , R 2:
2
P R =P R =I Lhd R1
1 2

( )
2 2
2 IL 2
P R =P R =I Lhd R1 = R1= ( 0.20 )=0.2(W )
1 2
4 4

→ Choose R 1=R2=0.22(Ω)/5 (W )

2. Q1 ,Q2 calculation
Average amount of current provides for Q1, Q2 per cycle:
π
1 IL
I AVG= ∫ I L sin ( ωt ) dωt=
2π 0 π

Amount of power provided by the power supply:

PCC =V CC I cc =V CC I AVG=V CC ( )
IL
π

Power Dissipated on Q1and Q2 in AC:

2 P AC =PCC −PL −2 PR 1

( )( ) ( )
2 2
IL IL IL
¿ 2 V CC − R L−2 R1
π 2 4

2 1 2
¿ 2 x 15 x − 2 ( 4+0.22 ) =10.66(W )
π 2

 P AC(Q 1) =P AC(Q 2)= ( 2 P2 )= 10.66

AC
2
=5.33(W )
Maximum peak current on load:
d ( P AC (Q ) ) 1

V CC 1
d (I ¿ ¿ L)= − (R L + R1 )I L =0 ¿
π 2

2V CC 2 ( 15 )
⟹ I Lmax = = =2 ,26 (A )
π ( R L + R1 ) π ( 4+ 0.22 )
Maximum Power dissipated on Q1, Q2 in AC:
V CC I L 1 2
Pmax ⁡( AC)(Q ) =Pmax ( AC ) (Q )= − (R L + R1) I L
1 2
π 4

⟹ Pmax ( AC ) (Q )=Pmax ( AC ) (Q )=5.33 (W )

1 2

Power dissipated on Q1, Q2 in DC:

P DC(Q )=V CE(Q ) I E(Q ) =V CC I E ( Q ) =15 x ( 0.05 )=0.75(W )
1 1 1 1

Total power dissipated on Q1, Q2:

Ptotal (Q )=Ptotal(Q )=Pmax ⁡( AC)(Q ) + P DC(Q ) =5 ,33+ 0.75=6 ,08 ( W )
1 2 1 1

We choose Q1, Q2 so that:

→ I C ≥ (1.5 ÷ 2 ) I E ( peak )( Q )=(3.075 ÷ 4.1)( A)
1

→ V CEO ≥ (1.5 ÷ 2 ) V CC=(22 , 5÷ 30)(V )

→ P D ≥ ( 1.5 ÷2 ) Ptotal (Q )=(9.12 ÷12 , 16)(W )

1

 Choose Q1, Q2 respectively is: 2SD718 and 2SB688.

3. R3 , R 4calculation

We choose:
To avoid radial distortion, we bias Q1 Q2 to operate in AB class.
Because the circuit works in AB class, the Collector quiescent current
ranges from (20-50mA):
β(Q )=β(Q ) =β(min)=55
1 2

Static base current of Q1:

 I E(Q ) 0.05
I B (Q )= 1
= =0.89(mA)
1+ β(Q ) 1
1
1+55
Maximum base current ofQ1 in AC:
I Ep (Q ) 2.05
I Bp (Q )= = =36.61(mA) 1

1+ β (Q ) 1+55
1
1

From IV characteristic of BJT 2SD718 we see that:

If I Eq=0.05( A), V BEq( Q ) ≈ 0.6(V )
1

If I Ep=2.05( A), V BEp(Q ) ≈ 0 ,9 (V )

1

R3 , R 4 are used to balance the heat flow. The allow DC signal easily
going through while preventing the AC signal to avoid decrease of
output signal, so that:
V B (Q ) V BEq( Q )+V R
Z ¿ ( DC ) (Q )= =
1 1 1

1
I Bq (Q ) 1
I Bq (Q )1

0.6+0.05∗0.22
¿ =686.5(Ω)
0.89 m
V B (Q ) p−V B (Q ) q
Z ¿ ( AC )( Q ) = 1 1

1
I Bp ( Q ) −I Bq (Q ) 1 1

(V ¿ ¿ BEp ( Q 1) +V R p )−(V ¿ ¿ BEq ( Q 1 ) +V R q )

¿ 1 1
¿¿
I Bp( Q ) −I Bq (Q )
1 1

( 0.9+0.22∗2.05 )−(0.6+0.05∗0.22)
¿ =20.72(Ω)
36.61 m−0.89 m
So 20.72(Ω) ≪ R3 , R4 ≪ 686.5(Ω)
→ Choose R 3=R 4=220(Ω) /(2 W )
4. Q3 ,Q 4calculation
Quiescent current through R3:
V BEq(Q 1) +V R 1 q 0 , 6+ 0 , 05.0 ,22
I R3q= = =2.78 ( mA )
R3 220
Maximum current through R3:
V BEp(Q 1) +V R 1 p 0 , 9+2.05∗0.22
I R 3 p= = =6.14 ( mA )
R3 220
Emitter Current through Q1:
I Eq (Q 3)=I R 3 q + I Bq (Q 1)=2.78+ 0.89=3.67 (mA )
Then, the alternating impedance from terminal B Q1:
V B 1 p −V B 1 q
Z B 1 (ac )=
I Ep −I Eq
Q3 Q3
( 0.9+0.22∗2.05 )−( 0.6 +0.05∗0.22 )
¿ =18.94 ( Ω )
( 42.75 m−3.67 m )
 Comparing with Z B 1 (ac ) the previous calculation, we see that when
adding R3 and R4, the difference is not significant.
So, the alternating load of Q1 is:
Z t(Q 3 )=Z B 1 (ac ) + ( 1+ β ) R L =18.94+56∗4=242.94 ( Ω )
To find Q3 and Q4, we find their maximum power dissipation. Call
𝐼𝐸3Amplitude of AC current flowing through Q3, we have:
Average AC supply current for Q3:
I E3
I AVG(Q 3 )=
π
Power supply capacity for Q3:
V CC . I E 3
PCC / Q 3=V CC . I AVG(Q 3 )=
π
Power dissipated on Q3:
V CC I E 3 1 2
P AC (Q 3 )=PCC ( Q 3)−Pt (Q 3 )= − Z t (Q 3) . I E 3
π 4
Take the derivative according to I E 3 and let P AC (Q 3 ) = 0 we get.
2V CC 2 ×15
I Max(E 3)= = =0.04( A)
π Z Q 3 242.94 π
15× 0.04 1 2
P AC(max ) (Q 3 )= − × 242.94 × ( 0.04 ) =0.094 (W )
π 4
Power dissipated by Q3, Q4 in DC:
P DC(Q ) =V CE(Q ) I Cq(Q ) =V CC I E ( Q ) =15 (3.67 m) =0.06(W )
3 3 3 3

Total power dissipated on Q3, Q4 :

P AC total max=P ACmax ⁡(Q ) + P DC(Q )=0.094+ 0.06=0.154(W )
3 3

We choose Q3, Q4 so that:

→ I C ≥ (1.5 ÷ 2 ) I E ( peak )( Q )=(64.13÷ 85.5)(mA )
3

→ V CEO ≥ (1.5 ÷ 2 ) V CC=(22 , 5÷ 30)(V )

→ P D ≥ ( 1.5 ÷2 ) Ptotal (Q )=(0.231 ÷ 0.308)( W )
3

 Choose Q3, Q4 respectively is: TIP41C and TIP42C.