Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2b Sozlu Sunum2
2b Sozlu Sunum2
ȲpEȳDZp+gÄgE+J=peEJ>E
\J¥e=\ÄE
6RQHU7231*0DKPXW$/7,1(526D൴W.85ù812ö/83+VH\൴Q9$3852
$EGXOODK*O8Q൴YHUV൴W\(QJ൴QHHU൴QJ)DFXOW\1DQRWHFKQRORJ\(QJ൴QHHU൴QJ'HSDUWPHQW.D\VHU൴7XUNH\&XNXURYD
8Q൴YHUV൴W\(QJ൴QHHU൴QJ)DFXOW\0൴Q൴QJ(QJ൴QHHU൴QJ'HSDUWPHQW$GDQD7XUNH\%DWPDQ8Q൴YHUV൴W\)DFXOW\RI
(QJ൴QHHU൴QJDQG$UFK൴WHFWXUH3HWUROHXPDQG1DWXUDO*DV(QJ൴QHHU൴QJ'HSDUWPHQW%DWPDQ7XUNH\
25&,'&RGH KWWSVRUF൴GRUJ
,QWKLVVWXG\SRUWODQGLWH &D 2+ V\QWKHVLVIURP&FODVV$IúLQ(OELVWDQKLJKFDOFLXPÀ\DVKZDV
LQYHVWLJDWHG$ONDOLOHDFKLQJWHVWVZHUHFDUULHGRXWDWIROORZLQJFRQGLWLRQV01D2+FRQFHQWUDWLRQ
USP VWLUULQJ VSHHG VROLGV UDWLR & OHDFKLQJ WHPSHUDWXUH DQG DWPRVSKHULF SUHVVXUH
DWP $IWHU DONDOL OHDFKLQJ WKH FRQYHUVLRQ RI DQK\GULWH &D62 WR &D 2+ ZDV FRQ¿UPHG E\
;UD\GL൵UDFWRPHWU\DQG6(0DQDO\VHV,WZDVGHWHUPLQHGWKDWWKHFDWLRQH[FKDQJHFDSDFLWLHVRIWKH
V\QWKHVL]HGPDWHULDOVLQFUHDVHGZLWKWKHLQFUHDVLQJOHDFKLQJWLPH
.H\ZRUGV3RUWODQGLWHDQK\GULWHÀ\DVKFDOFLXPJUHHQKRXVHJDVDEVRUEHQWV
Jgp%¥Jpg
*OREDOZDUPLQJFDXVHGE\LQFUHDVLQJFDUERQGLR[LGH&2HPLVVLRQVLVRQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQW
HQYLURQPHQWDOSUREOHPV,QRUGHUWRRYHUFRPHWKLVSUREOHPWKHUHDUHVWXGLHVRQWKHXVHRIUHQHZDEOH
HQHUJ\VRXUFHVRQDJOREDOVFDOHLQVWHDGRIIRVVLOIXHOVDQGWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIPRUHHQYLURQPHQWDOO\
IULHQGO\LQGXVWULDOSURFHVVHV 0HOLiQ0DUWHOHWDO5RGULJXHVHWDO-DLVZDOHWDO
$OWÕQHU +RZHYHUWKHUHLVVWLOODKLJKQHHGIRULQLWLDWLYHVWRHOLPLQDWHFDUERQGLR[LGHHPLVVLRQV
GXULQJWKLVWUDQVLWLRQSHULRG
$PLQH DEVRUEHUV IRU FDSWXULQJ WKH FDUERQ GLR[LGH SURGXFHG DIWHU FRPEXVWLRQ SURYLGH &2
VHTXHVWUDWLRQZLWKKLJKH൶FLHQF\ 6DGDHWDO.OHPHãHWDO +RZHYHUVLQFHWKHUHFRYHU\RI
DPLQHDEVRUEHQWVUHTXLUHVKLJKHQHUJ\QHHGVWKHSURGXFWLRQRIQHZW\SHVRIFKHDSDQGHQYLURQPHQWDOO\
IULHQGO\DEVRUEHQWVKDVEHHQLQYHVWLJDWHGUHFHQWO\ *RQGDOHWDO&RVWDJOLRODHWDO 7KH
IDFWWKDWFDOFLXPLVFKHDSDEXQGDQWDQGKDUPOHVVPDNHVLWVXVHDGYDQWDJHRXVIRU&2FDSWXUH +DQHW
DO/LHWDO 3XUHFDOFLXPK\GUR[LGHVDUHXVHGIRUWKHSURGXFWLRQRISUHFLSLWDWHGFDOFLXP
FDUERQDWH 3&& *KRVKHWDO$OWÕQHUHWDO &DOFLXPK\GUR[LGHV &D 2+ ZKLFKFDQEH
REWDLQHGFKHDSO\FDQEHXVHGQRWRQO\WRSUHYHQWFDUERQGLR[LGHHPLVVLRQVEXWDOVRWRDEVRUEXQZDQWHG
KDUPIXOLRQVLQVROXWLRQVZLWKWKHLUSRURXVVWUXFWXUH
,QWKLVVWXG\WKHSURGXFWLRQRI&D 2+ IURPÀ\DVKZDVWHVZLWKKLJKFDOFLXPFRQWHQWE\DONDOL
OHDFKLQJZDVLQYHVWLJDWHG
dzǰǷ
11TH INTERNATIONAL ISTANBUL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CONGRESS
e+J\g%e+Ep%
7KH À\ DVK VXEMHFW WR WKH VWXG\ ZDV REWDLQHG IURP$IúLQ (OELVWDQ 7KHUPDO 3RZHU 3ODQW ORFDWHG
LQ$IúLQ DQG (OELVWDQ GLVWULFWV RI .DKUDPDQPDUDú SURYLQFH RI 7XUNH\ ,Q H[SHULPHQWV RQ &D 2+
V\QWKHVLVIURPÀ\DVKZLWKKLJKFDOFLXPFRQWHQWOHDFKLQJZLWK1D2+ZDVFDUULHGRXW7KHÀRZFKDUW
RIWKHH[SHULPHQWDOVWXG\LVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH
)O\DVKZLWKKLJKFDOFLXPFRQWHQW
$ONDOLOHDFKLQJ
6ROLGOLTXLGVHSDUDWLRQ /LTXLGV
'U\LQJDW&
&KDUDFWHUL]DWLRQWHVWV
=ĚĎŸŠúǰȡ=ĮŃƑîĕÒŠŰŃčŰĕúķúŰĕŃôŸŧúôĚĹŰĕúŧƗĹŰĕúŧĚŧŃčÒȲpEȳ2
419
11TH INTERNATIONAL ISTANBUL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CONGRESS
IDFWRUDWDWLPHLQVWHDGRIWHVWLQJPXOWLSOHIDFWRUVRUFDXVHVVLPXOWDQHRXVO\,QRWKHUZRUGVFKDQJLQJD
VLQJOHYDULDEOHGXULQJWKHH[SHULPHQWVDQGWKHH൵HFWVRIWKLVFKDQJHDUHH[DPLQHG,WLVDPHWKRGRIWHQ
SUHIHUUHGE\QRQH[SHUWVZKHQGDWDLVSOHQWLIXODQGLQH[SHQVLYHWRREWDLQ,QWKLVGHVLJQWKHQXPEHURI
VWXGLHVLVOLPLWHGDQGWKHSULPDU\JRDOLVWRDFKLHYHLPSURYHPHQWVLQWKHV\VWHPDQGWKHH[SHULPHQWDO
HUURULVQRWODUJHFRPSDUHGWRWKHIDFWRUH൵HFWVWKDWLQWHUDFWDQGVKRXOGEHLQGHSHQGHQWRIHDFKRWKHU,W
LVJHQHUDOO\XVHGZKHQLWLVGHVLUHGWRNQRZWKHH൵HFWVRIDVLQJOHIDFWRURUZKHQLWLVQHFHVVDU\WRJHW
TXLFNUHVXOWV+RZHYHULQWKLVDQDO\VLVLWLVQHFHVVDU\WRSHUIRUPWKHVDPHH[SHULPHQWVHYHUDOWLPHV
LQRUGHUWRGHWHUPLQHWKDWWKHVDPHUHVXOWLVREWDLQHGLQWKHHVWLPDWLRQRIWKHH൵HFW,QWKLVDQDO\VLVWKH
LQWHUDFWLRQRIWKHYDULDEOHVZLWKHDFKRWKHUFDQQRWEHSUHGLFWHG$WWKHVDPHWLPHRSWLPDODGMXVWPHQWV
RIIDFWRUVPD\EHPLVVHGLQ2)$7DQDO\VLV )UH\DQG:DQJ0RQWJRPHU\
01D2+VROXWLRQ NJ/VROLGUDWLR ZDVXVHGLQWKHH[SHULPHQWV7KHH[SHULPHQWVZHUH
FDUULHG RXW XQGHU DWPRVSKHULF OHDFKLQJ FRQGLWLRQV LQ D PO EHDNHU SODFHG RQ D KHDWHG PDJQHWLF
VWLUUHU7KHWHPSHUDWXUHZDVGHWHUPLQHGDV&LQDOOOHDFKLQJH[SHULPHQWV7KHPL[LQJVSHHGZDV
USP/HDFKLQJWLPHVRIDQGKRXUVZHUHDSSOLHG:KHQWKHWHVWVZHUHFRPSOHWHGVROLG
OLTXLGVHSDUDWLRQZDVPDGHDQGWKH¿OWUDWHVZHUHZDVKHGDWOHDVWWLPHVZLWKGLVWLOOHGZDWHU)LQDOO\
WKHVWXGLHVRQWKHFKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQRIWKHSURGXFWVGULHGLQDQRYHQDW&IRUKRXUVZHUHVWDUWHG
+¥\g%%J¥Jpg
7KH;5'GLDJUDPRIWKHÀ\DVKRI$IúLQ(OELVWDQ7KHUPDO3RZHU3ODQWZKLFKLVWKHWKHUPDOSRZHU
SODQW WKDW SURGXFHV WKH PRVW À\ DVK LQ7XUNH\ LV VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH ,W ZDV GHWHUPLQHG WKDW WKH À\
DVK FRQWDLQV DQK\GULWH &D62 TXDUW] 6L2 PXOOLWH $O6L2 LOOLWH . +2 $O 6L$O
2 +2 2+ SRUWODQGLWH &D 2+ DQGFDOFLXPR[LGH &D2
=ĚĎŸŠúDZȡÃ%ŝÒŰŰúŠĹŃčŰĕúƦƗÒŧĕ
;5)DQDO\VLVDQGORVVRQLJQLWLRQYDOXHVRIÀ\DVKDUHJLYHQLQ7DEOH7KHGHQVLW\RIÀ\DVKZDV
IRXQGWREHJFP.
ÒíĮúǰȡeÒĨŃŠîŃĹŰúĹŰŧŃčŰĕúƦƗÒŧĕ
Content &D2 6L2 62 $O2 )H2 7L2 &U2 6U2 %D2 /2,
dzDZǯ
11TH INTERNATIONAL ISTANBUL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CONGRESS
$FFRUGLQJWRWKHUHVXOWVRIWKHDQDO\VLVLWZDVGHWHUPLQHGWKDWWKHWKH6L2$O2)H2YDOXHV
DUHEHORZDQGWKH&D2UDWLRLVDERYH7KHUHIRUHWKHÀ\DVKZDVFODVVL¿HGDV&FODVV KLJK
OLPHÀ\DVKFODVV DFFRUGLQJWR$670&
6(0 6FDQQLQJHOHFWURQPLFURVFRSH LPDJHRI(OELVWDQÀ\DVKLVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH,QDGGLWLRQWR
WKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVSKHULFDOVWUXFWXUHVRIÀ\DVKZKLFKLVOHVVWKDQRWKHUÀ\DVKDPRUSKRXVVWUXFWXUHV
DUHVWULNLQJGXHWRLWVKLJKFDOFLXPR[LGHFRQWHQW)LJXUHVKRZVWKHSDUWLFOHVL]HGLVWULEXWLRQRIÀ\DVK
,WZDVGHWHUPLQHGWKDWRIWKHÀ\DVKZDVEHORZPLQVL]H
=ĚĎŸŠúDzȡ+eķĚîŠŃĎŠÒŝĕŃčŰĕúƦƗÒŧĕ
=ĚĎŸŠúdzȡÒŠŰĚîĮúŧĚƠúôĚŧŰŠĚíŸŰĚŃĹŃčŰĕúƦƗÒŧĕ
7KHFRQWHQWVRIWKHPDWHULDOVV\QWKHVL]HGDVDUHVXOWRIWKHH[SHULPHQWVDUHVKRZQLQ7DEOH,Q
DGGLWLRQWKH;5'SDWWHUQVDQG&(&YDOXHVRIWKHV\QWKHVL]HGPDWHULDOVDUHJLYHQLQ)LJXUHDQG7DEOH
UHVSHFWLYHO\
421
11TH INTERNATIONAL ISTANBUL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CONGRESS
ÒíĮúDZȡeÒĨŃŠîŃĹŰúĹŰŧŃčŧŃĮĚôķÒŰúŠĚÒĮŧŃíŰÒĚĹúôÒŧÒŠúŧŸĮŰŃčÒĮīÒĮĚĮúÒîĕĚĹĎ
$O2 6L2 &D2 )H2 7L2 0Q2 6U2 1D2 62 /2,
K
K
K
K
=ĚĎŸŠúǴȡÃ%ŝÒŰŰúŠĹŧŃčŰĕúŝŠŃôŸîŰŧ
ÒíĮúDzȡ+ƐÒĮŸúŧŃčŰĕúŧƗĹŰĕúŧĚƠúôŝŠŃôŸîŰŧȡ
&RQVLGHULQJWKHFDWLRQH[FKDQJHFDSDFLWLHVLWZDVGHWHUPLQHGWKDWWKH&(&YDOXHVLQFUHDVHGLQGLUHFW
SURSRUWLRQ ZLWK WKH DONDOL OHDFKLQJ WLPH 7DEOH &DOFLXP FRQWHQW LV ODUJHO\ FRQYHUWHG WR &D 2+
SRUWODQGLWH DVDUHVXOWRIDONDOLOHDFKLQJ )LJXUH 7KHFORVHQHVVRIWKHFDOFLXPDPRXQWVLQWKHVROLG
PDWHULDOVREWDLQHGDWWKHHQGRIWKHOHDFKLQJSHULRGLQGLFDWHVWKDWWKHSRUWODQGLWHIRUPDWLRQLVDWWKHVDPH
OHYHOLQWKHREWDLQHGPDWHULDOV,Q)LJXUH6(0LPDJHVRIWKHSRUWODQGLWHPDWHULDOVREWDLQHGDVDUHVXOW
RIWKHKRXUOHDFKLQJSURFHVVDUHVKRZQ3RUWODQGLWHVSHFL¿FPLFDOLNHSODWHW\SHFU\VWDOOL]DWLRQLV
VWULNLQJ,WZDVDOVRREVHUYHGWKDWWKHLQFUHDVHLQ&(&YDOXHVZDVUHDOL]HGE\WKHWUDQVIRUPDWLRQRILOOLWH
W\SHFOD\PLQHUDOVLQÀ\DVKDQGDOXPLQRVLOLFDWHVLQPXOOLWHVWUXFWXUHLQWRSRURXVVWUXFWXUHV
422
11TH INTERNATIONAL ISTANBUL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CONGRESS
=ĚĎŸŠúǵȡ+eĚķÒĎúŧŃčŰĕúķÒŰúŠĚÒĮŧŃíŰÒĚĹúôÒčŰúŠǰǯĕŃŸŠŧŃčĮúÒîĕĚĹĎ
pg\¥Jpg
,Q WKLV VWXG\ &D 2+ V\QWKHVLV IURP $IúLQ (OELVWDQ À\ DVKHV ZDV LQYHVWLJDWHG )LUVWO\ WKH
FKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQWHVWVRIÀ\DVKZHUHFDUULHGRXWDQGLWZDVGHWHUPLQHGWKDWÀ\DVKZDVFODVVL¿HGLQ&
FODVVÀ\DVKFRQWDLQLQJKLJKDPRXQWRI&D,WZDVUHYHDOHGWKDW WKH &D62 FRQWHQW LQ WKH À\ DVK ZDV
FRQYHUWHGWR&D 2+ DVDUHVXOWRIDONDOLOHDFKLQJSURFHVVHVFDUULHGRXWDW01D2+FRQFHQWUDWLRQ
USPVWLUULQJVSHHGVROLGVUDWLRDQG&OHDFKLQJWHPSHUDWXUH,WZDVREVHUYHGWKDWWKH&(&VRIWKH
V\QWKHVL]HGPDWHULDOVLQFUHDVHGZLWKWKHLQFUHDVLQJOHDFKLQJWLPH%HVLGHVLWLVWKRXJKWWKDWWKHFRQYHUVLRQ
RIDOXPLQRVLOLFDWHVLQÀ\DVKFRQWHQWWR]HROLWLFSRURXVVWUXFWXUHVLVORZGXHWRKLJKFDOFLXPFRQWHQW
dzDZDz
11TH INTERNATIONAL ISTANBUL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CONGRESS
Zgp¾\+%>e+g
7KLVVWXG\ZDVVXSSRUWHGE\g<3 )DFXOW\0HPEHU7UDLQLQJ3URJUDPPH 3URJUDPPH
+=++g+
$OW൴QHU07RS6.D\PDNR÷OX%8OWUDVRQ൴FDVV൴VWHGSURGXFW൴RQRISUHF൴S൴WDWHGFDOF൴XPFDUERQDWHSDUW൴F
OHVIURPGHVXOIXU൴]DW൴RQJ\SVXP8OWUDVRQ൴FV6RQRFKHP൴VWU\KWWSVGR൴RUJMXOWVRQ
FK.
$OW൴QHU08VHRIG൴UHFWJDVVRO൴GFDUERQDW൴RQSURFHVVIRUI൴[DW൴RQRI&2DVP൴QHUDOFDUERQDWHV൴Q7XUN൴VK
À\DVKHV,QWHUQDW൴RQDO-RXUQDORI&RDO3UHSDUDW൴RQDQG8W൴O൴]DW൴RQ
%DUUHU50+\GURWKHUPDO&KHP൴VWU\2I=HRO൴WH$FDGHP൴F3UHVV/RQGRQS
&RVWDJO൴ROD0$ 3UDW൴09 3HUUHWWD* 3RVW FRPEXVW൴RQ&2FDSWXUHZ൴WKFDOF൴XPDQGO൴WK൴XPK\GUR[൴
GH6F൴5HSKWWSVGR൴RUJV
)UH\'':DQJ+$GDSW൴YH2QH)DFWRUDW$7൴PH([SHU൴PHQWDW൴RQ$QG([SHFWHG9DOXH2I,PSURYHPHQW
7HFKQRPHWU൴FV
*KRVK,6KDUPD&7DQGRQ56WUXFWXUDOHYDOXDW൴RQRIFK൴WRVDQPRG൴I൴HGSUHF൴S൴WDWHGFDOF൴XPFDUERQDWH
FRPSRV൴WHI൴OOHUVIRUSDSHUPDN൴QJDSSO൴FDW൴RQV61$SSO6F൴KWWSVGR൴RUJV
Z.
*RQGDO6$V൴I16YHQGVHQ+).QXXW൴OD+.൴QHW൴FVRIWKHDEVRUSW൴RQRIFDUERQG൴R[൴GH൴QWRDTXHRXVK\G
UR[൴GHVRIO൴WK൴XPVRG൴XPDQGSRWDVV൴XPDQGEOHQGVRIK\GUR[൴GHVDQGFDUERQDWHV&KHP൴FDO(QJ൴QHHU൴QJ
6F൴HQFHKWWSVGR൴RUJMFHV.
+DQ6-<RR0.൴P'::HH-+&DUERQG൴R[൴GHFDSWXUHXV൴QJFDOF൴XPK\GUR[൴GHDTXHRXVVROXW൴RQDVWKH
DEVRUEHQW(QHUJ\ )XHOV KWWSVGR൴RUJHIS.
-D൴VZDO..&KRZGKXU\&5<DGDY'9HUPD5'XWWD6-D൴VZDO.66DQJPHVK%.DUXSSDVDP\.6.
5HQHZDEOHDQGVXVWD൴QDEOHFOHDQHQHUJ\GHYHORSPHQWDQG൴PSDFWRQVRF൴DOHFRQRP൴FDQGHQY൴URQPHQWDO
KHDOWK(QHUJ\1H[XVKWWSVGR൴RUJMQH[XV.
.OHPHã - %XODWRY , &RFNHU൴OO 7 7HFKQRHFRQRP൴F PRGHOO൴QJ DQG FRVW IXQFW൴RQV RI &2 FDSWXUH SUR
FHVVHV &RPSXWHUV &KHP൴FDO (QJ൴QHHU൴QJ ± KWWSVGR൴RUJMFRPSFKH
PHQJ.
/൴=:DQJ<<DR+/൴Q61RYHO&2VRUEHQW&D 2+ Z൴WKK൴JKVWUHQJWK)XHO3URFHVV൴QJ7HFKQRORJ\
KWWSVGR൴RUJMIXSURF
0HO൴iQ0DUWHO1GHO5tR*DPHUR%6FKDOOHQEHUJ5RGUtJXH]-:DWHUF\FOHGU൴YHQRQO\E\Z൴QGHQHUJ\
VXUSOXV 7RZDUGV UHQHZDEOH HQHUJ\ ൴VODQGV 'HVDO൴QDW൴RQ KWWSVGR൴RUJM
GHVDO.
0RQWJRPHU\'&'HV൴JQ$QG$QDO\V൴V2I([SHU൴PHQWVWK(G൴W൴RQ-RKQ:൴OH\$QG6RQVS
5RGU൴JXHV$9'H6RX]D'$5*DUF൴D)'55൴EH൴UR6-/5HQHZDEOHHQHUJ\IRUDJUHHQIXWXUH(OHFWU൴F൴W\
SURGXFHGIURPH൵൴F൴HQWOXP൴QHVFHQWVRODUFRQFHQWUDWRUV6RODU(QHUJ\$GYDQFHVKWWSVGR൴
RUJMVHMD.
6DGD(.XPD]DZD+2VDZD<0DWVXXUD0+DQ=45HDFW൴RQN൴QHW൴FVRIFDUERQG൴R[൴GHZ൴WKDP൴QHV
൴QQRQDTXHRXVVROYHQWV7KH&KHP൴FDO(QJ൴QHHU൴QJ-RXUQDO KWWSVGR൴RUJ
.
7HPXXM൴Q-3UHSDUDW൴RQ2I=HRO൴W൴F&RPSRXQGV)URP+൴JK&DOF൴XP)O\$VK3URFHHG൴QJV2I7KHWK,QWHU
QDW൴RQDO)RUXP2Q6WUDWHJ൴F7HFKQRORJ\
7KXDGD൴M33൴PUDNVD.1XQW൴\D$6\QWKHV൴VRI+൴JK&DW൴RQ([FKDQJH&DSDF൴W\)DXMDV൴WHIURP+൴JK&DO
F൴XP)O\$VK$XVWUDO൴DQ-RXUQDO2I%DV൴F$QG$SSO൴HG6F൴HQFHV
424