Historical trends and evolution in earthquake management using ICT tool

Over the past few decades, there has been a significant evolution in the use of
ICT tools for earthquake management. Data collection and analysis were the
main uses of ICT tools in the beginning. ICT tools, on the other hand, have
evolved in sophistication along with ICT technology and are now employed for
a wide range of earthquake management tasks.
Early Use of ICT Tools for Earthquake Management
 1960s: For early seismic monitoring, earthquake management used
teleprinters and mainframes to gather and process seismographic data.
 1970s: The advancement of minicomputers fuelled advanced seismic
forecasting models, improving earthquake response through faster and
more effective data processing.
 1980s: introduced personal computers, which advanced ICT tools and
encouraged the creation of user-friendly software and brought about a
revolution in earthquake management.
 2000s: Using cell phones for data collection and distribution, mobile
computing and GIS combined to transform earthquake management. GIS
improved visualisation and analysis to support well-informed decision-
making.
 2010s: Big data analytics, pattern recognition for improved forecasting,
and AI tools optimising emergency response have advanced earthquake
management.
 2020s: Precision forecasting enhanced early warning systems, and IoT
integration for resilience are key components of the evolving field of
earthquake management.
Evolution of ICT Tools for Earthquake Management
 Mobile computing: Information about earthquakes is now gathered and
shared using mobile devices, such as tablets and smartphones. People
can now receive information more rapidly, even in places with
inadequate infrastructure.
 Cloud computing: Data about earthquakes is shared and stored in the
cloud. Researchers and first responders can now more readily access
data thanks to this.
  Big data: Patterns in seismic data are found through the application of
big data analytics. This is contributing to better preparedness and
forecasting for earthquakes.
 Artificial intelligence (AI): New earthquake forecasting models are being
created with the aid of AI. AI is also being utilised to create new
emergency response instruments.
 GIS, Aerial Photography, and Satellite Systems: Satellite and aerial
photography provide vital imagery for damage assessment and
reconstruction planning, and GIS is essential to earthquake management
as it provides a visual framework for data analysis and hazard
identification.
Impact of ICT Tools on Earthquake Management
 Improve earthquake forecasting: More data can now be collected and
analysed than ever before thanks to ICT tools. This has aided in
increasing the lead time and accuracy of earthquake forecasting.
 Reduce seismic damage: Early warning systems for earthquakes are
being developed and put into operation using ICT tools. Before an
earthquake occurs, these systems can notify people, allowing them to
take precautionary action.
 Enhance emergency response: Coordination of emergency response
activities is being done with the use of ICT tools. This contributes to
making sure that resources are used more wisely, and that people
receive the assistance they require more rapidly.