Anjali Report

A
Project Phase-1
Report On
“IOT based patient health monitoring system ”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
SEMESTER – VII
In
Electronics and Telecommunication
SUBMITTED BY
Ms.Anjali Ramdas Rajpure
Mr. Sudhir Balu Sapkal
Mr. Vishal Shivaji Hingalkar
Under the Supervision of

Prof. khandarkar S.M
Department of Electronics And Telecommunication

Engineering
ARVIND GAVALI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SATARA
2022-23
AGCE, Satara, Department of 1
Certificate
This is to certify that the Project report entitled ““IOT based patient health monitoring
system ” is a bonafide work carried out by:
Ms.Anjali Ramdas Rajpure
Mr. Sanket Suresh Mhetre
Under our supervision, during the year 2022-23 and submitted to the faculty of Electronics And
Telecommunication Engineering, AGCE Satara in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award
of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering.
Prof. khandarkar S.M Mrs. Pol B.P.
Alumni Mentor Project Guide Project cordinator
Prof. Dr. Hingmire V.S. Dr. Mirajkar G.S. Dr. V. A. Pharande, Principal
HOD Dean R&D Principal
Internal Examiner External Examiner

UNDERTAKING
We hereby declare that the details furnished above are true and correct to the best of our
knowledge and belief and we undertake to inform authorities about any changes therein, immediately.
In case any of the above information is found to be false or untrue or misleading or misrepresenting,
we are aware that we may be held liable for it.
Sr. No. Name of Student PRN Sign

No.
01 Ms. Anjali Ramdas Rajpure

02
Mr. Vishal Shivaji Hingalkar

03

Acknowledgement
It is our privilege to acknowledge my deep sense of gratitude to my guide Prof. khandarkar S.M
in Electronics And Telecommunication at Arvind Gavali College of Engineering, Satara for his/her
valuable suggestions and guidance throughout our course and the timely help given to us in completion
of our project work.
We are thankful to Dr. V. A. Pharande, Principal, Arvind Gavali College of Engineering, Satara
and Head of Electronics And Telecommunication department for their kind co- operation & moral
support.
Finally, we wish to express our sincere thanks to all the staff members of Arvind Gavali
College of Engineering, Satara for their direct and indirect help during the course of our project.

ABSTRACT
This Paper Presents a report For IOT based patient health monitoring. patient monitoring and management
system has been proposed and integration of different sensor network with Internet of Things work (IOT). The
sensors implemented can communicate with data collection and processing unit. In the experimented model,
Node MCU ESP8266 controller and temperature sensor (DHT11) are integrated. A system has capability to
monitor and control patient monitoring via remote connection. It is evaluated with three temperature sensors
connected to measure temperature of patients. Mobile based blynk has been utilized for the cloud based IoT
implementation. Sensor sends data over blynk server and then can be seen anywhere using smart phone
application. In addition, when patient get fever more than regular value, an alert was sent to authority in a quick
time. The benefits of implemented research methods are useful in digital health management in pandemic
scenario. Even hospitals intensive care unit (ICU) can be operated effectively and patient diagnosis application
based on online database has wide scope in the area of internet of things and patient health.

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CONTENTS
ABSTRACT I
CONTENTS Ii
LIST OF FIGURES Iii
CHAPTERS Page No
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 General introduction 10
1.2 Problem Statement 11
1.3 Objectives of the present work 12
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
1.4 Literature review 14
3. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
1.5 Hardware used 17

4. SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION
1.6 Architecture 18
1.7 Flowchart 20
4.3 DFD0 22
4.4 Sequence Diagram 23
4.5 Class Diagram 24
4.6 Use case Diagram 25

4.7 Activity Diagram 26
4.8 Component Diagram 27
AGCE, Satara, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication
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4.9 Programming Language Used 28
5. RESULT AND CONCLUSION
1.8 Result 30
1.9 Conclusion 33
1.10 Future Scope 34
6. REFERENCES
1.11 Research Papers 36

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 General Introduction
In this Pandemic situations we have special Covid 19 Quarantine centers setup in order to treat
patients. Since covid is highly infectious it is very important to quarantine covid patients but at the same
time doctors need to monitor health of covid patients too. With the increasing number of cases it is
becoming difficult to keep a track on the health conditions of s many quarantined patients.
The problems here are:
• Doctors need to regularly monitor patient health.
• There are increasing number of patients for the doctors to monitor.
• The doctors are at risk of infection just for monitoring purpose. To solve this issue we here design a
remote IOT based health monitor system that allows for remotely monitoring of multiple patients over the
internet. The system monitors patient heartbeat, temperature and blood pressure using a heartbeat sensor,
temperature sensor and BP Sensor respectively. The system then transmits this data over the internet using
WiFi transmission by connecting to Wi-Fi internet connection. The entire system is run by a aurdino nano
based circuitry.
This System allows:
• Doctors to monitor patients remotely without risk of infection
• A single doctor over 500 patients at a time.
• Doctor gets instant alert in case of health fluctuations of emergency. The system is mounted at patient
bedside and constantly transmits patient health data over the internet so that doctors can monitor multiple
patients remotely and attend the desired patient urgently when needed. Therefore, one main significant
contribution of this study is that patients in selfisolation or self-quarantine can use the new platform to
send daily health symptoms and challenges to doctors via their mobile phones. Thus, improved healthy
living and a comfortable lifestyle can still be achieved even during such a problematic period of the
COVID-19 pandemic situation.

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CHAPTER 2

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1.2 Problem Statement
In modern healthcare environments, efficient and reliable patient monitoring is crucial for timely
intervention and improved patient outcomes. However, existing patient monitoring systems can be
expensive and complex, limiting their widespread adoption, especially in resource-constrained settings.
There is a need for a cost-effective and user-friendly patient monitoring system that utilizes readily
available components.
The aim of this project is to design and implement a Patient Monitoring System using Arduino Nano,
addressing the following challenges:
 Affordability: Develop a low-cost solution that utilizes Arduino Nano and other cost-effective
components to ensure accessibility in diverse healthcare settings, including those with limited
financial resources.
 User-friendly Interface: Design a simple and intuitive user interface that allows healthcare
providers to monitor patient vitals effortlessly. The system should display real-time data, provide
alerts for abnormal readings, and facilitate easy customization for specific patient needs.
 Portability: Create a compact and portable monitoring device that can be easily moved within
healthcare facilities. The system should be powered by a rechargeable battery, making it suitable
for both stationary and mobile patient care.
 Vital Sign Monitoring: Implement the capability to monitor essential vital signs such as heart rate,
blood pressure, temperature, and oxygen saturation. Ensure accuracy and reliability of the
measurements for effective patient assessment.
 Data Logging and Connectivity: Enable the system to log patient data over time for trend analysis
and historical reference. Additionally, incorporate wireless connectivity (Bluetooth or Wi-Fi) to
allow healthcare providers to remotely monitor patients and receive alerts when necessary.
 Customizability: Provide a platform that allows for easy integration of additional sensors or
features based on the specific needs of different healthcare scenarios. This could include the option
to expand monitoring capabilities beyond basic vitals.
 Compliance with Regulations: Ensure that the system complies with relevant healthcare
regulations and standards to guarantee its safety, accuracy, and legal use in medical settings.
By addressing these challenges, the Patient Monitoring System using Arduino Nano aims to
democratize access to effective patient monitoring technology, making it suitable for a wide range
of healthcare applications and environments.

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1.3 Objective of Present work

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Chapter 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Author Name Paper Name Publication Year Technology Used

Smith et al. IOT in Healthcare 2017 Systematic Review of
IOT Applications in
Healthcare
Patel et al. Remote Patient 2018 Comparative Analysis
Monitoring of Remote Patient
Monitoring Systems
Rahman and Khan IOT based health 2019 Development of an
monitoring system IOT-based Patient
Health Monitoring
System
Gupta and Kapoor Data Security in IOT 2020 Review of Security
Healthcare Challenges in IOT-
based Healthcare
Applications

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3. Hardware Implementation
1. Arduino UNO
2. ESP 01
3. ECG AD8232
4. Vibration sensor
5. DHT 11
6. Heart Rate Sensor
7. LCD
8. DC power supply Adaptor
9. voltage regulator
10. Capacitor
11. Resistors
12. Diode
13. LED
14. Header Strips
15. Connectors
16. Connecting wires.

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CHAPTER 4
SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION

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4.1 FLOW CHART
Flow chart:
Start
REPEAT
NO
REPEAT
CONNECT TO WIFI
YES
NO
CONNECT TO
SERVER YES
NO
COLLECT ALL
DATA FROM
SENSORS
YES
BROADCAST ALL
DATA TO SERVER

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4.2 Circuit Diagram

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4.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM:
Power
Supply
Server Cloud
Vibration Sensor
Temperature
WIFI ArduinoUnit
Controller
Module Heart Rate Sensor
ECG Sensor

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4.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM DISCRIPTION

In this block diagram we will shows how to work the project in a simple method. In he project the main
part is controller that is Arduino board. I will connect different peripherals to the Arduino. There is three
input peripherals to the Arduino that is vibration sensors, Temperature sensor, Heart rate sensor and ECG
sensor which gives the input signal to the Arduino. with respect to the input signal the Arduino operates
the output peripherals that is Wi-Fi module and server cloud. Arduino operates on the 5V power supply.
we provide this power supply with the help of USB cable or any external sources. firstly we connect to
hotspot which is registered in the program. than the Arduino will start to take the data from the sensor And
after completing one cycle of data taking then it send it to the Wi-Fi module. when Wi-Fi model get the
data from Arduino it send it this data to the server by using a channel link we can monitor disk data in a
graphical representation from any device.

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4.4 COMPONENTS DIAGRAM

4.4.1 INTRODUCTION TO ARDUINO:-
Fig: Ardunio Board
Arduino is an open-source hardware and software company, project and user community that designs and
manufactures single board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices. Its
products are licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) or the GNU General Public
License (GPL), permitting the manufacture of Arduino boards and software distribution by anyone.
Arduino boards are available commercially in preassembled form or as do-it-yourself (DIY) kits. Arduino
board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. The boards are equipped with sets of
digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards ('shields') or
breadboards (For prototyping) and other circuits. The boards feature serial communications
interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on some models, which are also used for loading
programs from personal computers.
The microcontrollers can be programmed using C and C++ programming languages. In addition to using
traditional compiler toolchains, the Arduino project provides an integrated development environment
(IDE) based on the Processing language project.
The Arduino project started in 2005 as a program for students at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in
Ivrea, Italy, aiming to provide a low cost and easy way for novices and professionals to create devices that
interact with their environment using sensors and actuators. Common examples of such devices intended
for beginner hobbyists include simple robots, thermostats and motion detectors.Arduino is open-source
hardware. The hardware reference designs are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-
Alike 2.5 license and are available on the Arduino website. Layout and production files for some versions
of the hardware are also available. Although the hardware and software designs are freely available under
copy left licenses, the developers have requested the name Arduino to be exclusive to the official product

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and not be used for derived works without permission. The official policy document on use of the Arduino
name emphasizes that the project is open to incorporating work by others into the official product. Several
Arduino-compatible products commercially released have avoided the project name by using various
names ending in Arduino. Most Arduino boards consist of an Atmel 8bit AVR microcontroller
(ATmega8, ATmega168, ATmega328,
ATmega1280, ATmega2560) with varying amounts of flash memory, pins, and features. The 32-bit
Arduino Due, based on the Atmel SAM3X8E was introduced in 2012. The boards use single or double-
row pins or female headers that facilitate connections for programming and incorporation into other
circuits. These may connect with add-on modules termed shields.
Multiple and possibly stacked shields may be individually addressable via an I²C serial bus. Most boards
include a 5 V linear regulator and a 16 MHz crystal oscillator or ceramic resonator. Some designs, such as
the LilyPad, run at 8 MHz and dispense with the onboard voltage regulator due to specific form-factor
restrictions. Arduino microcontrollers are preprogrammed with a boot loader that simplifies uploading of
programs to the on-chip flash memory. The default bootloader of the Arduino UNO is the optiboot
bootloader. Boards are loaded with program code via a serial connection to another computer. Some serial
Arduino boards contain a level shifter circuit to convert between RS-232 logic levels and transistor–
transistor logic (TTL) level signals.

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4.4.2 PIN DIAGRAM:-
Fig: Pin diagram of Arduino(ATMEGA328P)
Pin Descriptions:-
Power USB:- Arduino board can be powered by using the USB cable from your computer. All you need to
do is connect the USB cable to the USB connection.
Power (Barrel Jack):-Arduino boards can be powered directly from the AC mains power supply by
connecting it to the Barrel Jack.
Voltage Regulator:-The function of the voltage regulator is to control the voltage given to the Arduino
board and stabilize the DC voltages used by the processor and other elements.

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1. Crystal Oscillator:-The crystal oscillator helps Arduino in dealing with time

issues. How does Arduino calculate time? The answer is, by using the crystal
oscillator. The number printed on top of the Arduino crystal is 16.000H9H. It
tells us that the frequency is 16,000,000 Hertz or 16 MHz.
2. Arduino Reset:-You can reset your Arduino board, i.e., start your program
from the beginning. You can reset the UNO board in two ways. First, by
using the reset button on the board. Second, you can connect an external reset
button to the Arduino pin labelled RESET.
3. Analog pins:-The Arduino UNO board has six analog input pins A0 through
A5. These pins can read the signal from an analog sensor like the humidity
sensor or temperature sensor and convert it into a digital value that can be
read by the microprocessor.
4. Digital I/O:-The Arduino UNO board has 14 digital I/O pins (15) (of which
6 provide PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) output. These pins can be
configured to work as input digital pins to read logic values (0 or 1) or as
digital output pins to drive different modules like LEDs, relays, etc. The
pins labeled “~” can be used to generate PWM.
FEATUTES:
The operating voltage is 5v

The recommended input voltage will range from 7V to 12V
The input voltage range from 6 v to 20v .
Digital input output pins are 14.
Analog input pins are 6
DC current for each input /output pins is 40 m A
DC current for 3.3V pin is 50 m A
Flash memory is 32 KB
SRAM is 2KB
EROM is 1KB

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CLK speed is 16 MHz.
How to Use ATMega328P using Arduino

Since ATmega328P is used in Arduino Uno and Arduino nano boards, you can directly replace the
Arduino board with ATmega328 chip. For that first you need to install the Arduino bootloader into the
chip (Or you can also buy a chip with bootloader – ATMega328P-PU). This IC with bootloader can be
placed on Arduino Uno board and burn the program into it. Once Arduino program is burnt into the IC,
it can be removed and used in place of Arduino board, along with a Crystal oscillator and other
components as required for the project. Below is the pin mapping between Arduino Uno and
ATmega328P chip.

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Applications
There are hundreds of applications for ATMEGA328P:
 Used in ARDUINO UNO, ARDUINO NANO and ARDUINO MICRO boards.

 Industrial control systems.
 SMPS and Power Regulation systems.
 Digital data processing.
 Analog signal measuring and manipulations.
 Embedded systems like coffee machine, vending machine.
 Motor control systems.
 Display units.
 Peripheral Interface system.
4.4.3 power supply to circuit (Arduino board):
Operating Voltage
The Arduino can operate on a supply through this port of 6 to 20V. However, the operative word here
is “can”.
If the board is supplied with less than 7V, the unit’s performance could become unstable, and the 5V
I/O pin may end up supplying less than 5V, which could cause additional circuitry to function
incorrectly. Vice versa, using an over-voltage power supply up to 20V will cause the regulators on the
board to run at full-whack, dissipating the extra voltage as heat. This is both inefficient, and could
cause over-heating of the Arduino. An analogy: You can run your car everywhere in first gear revving
it to the extreme. It will get you where you’re going, but it will decrease the life of your gearbox and
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engine, get you there very slowly, and probably hurt your ears!
Therefore, the recommended voltage is 9V to 12V. This is a nice middle ground which enables the
board regulators to easily dissipate any unrequired voltage, and additionally supply the correct voltage
to the various I/O pins on the Arduino.
It should be noted. The Vin pin on the Power Pins I/O will copy the voltage input supplied through
the power jack, and act as an output of that voltage. In this way, you effectively have a customizable
output voltage pin on the Arduino which will replicate the input voltage of your power supply. For
example, if you have a 9V relay, you could run this directly from your Arduino Vin pin as long as you
have a 9V barrel power supply connected.

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Operating Current
As opposed to voltage, which is “forced”, current is the draw a circuit can place on a power source e.g. the
power supply will supply different amperage depending on the load placed on it by the connected device.
Therefore, essentially the greater the current output of the adaptor, the better. The minimum requirement is
250mA which should just about run an Arduino with some measure of stability. However, if you want to
power any external devices (Servo’s, LED’s, USB devices etc.) then 0.5A to 2A will enable a greater
range of use. A charger with a higher current rating will ensure you enough juice to make each component
of the circuit function correctly.
Some Useful Current Limits:
 The USB port has a polyfuse shut-off of 500mA. Any connected devices that draw more
than this will likely cause instability.
 The absolute maximum current draw for a single digital or analogue I/O pin is 40mA
(<35mA recommended max), with a total maximum current draw from all I/O pins of
this type being 200mA combined.
 If you decide to power a circuit via the Power I/O pins, the 3.3V pin has a maximum
current output of 150mA (recommended at 50mA).
 5V pin has a maximum draw of 0.8A. It should be noted that the 3.3V and 5V circuits
are combined, so 0.8A is also the combined maximum current draw of both these pins.
It should also be noted that 0.8A is the theoretical maximum determined by the on board
voltage regulators. The harder these voltage regulators are working, the less current
you’ll be able to draw, so a more realistic maximum figure is 0.5A.
 The variable pin (Vin) bypasses the majority of the Adruino’s circuitry, so there is no
real maximum except that set by the diode that separates Vin from the other circuitry on
the board. The diode is rated a 1A, and the board traces are rated at
 2A, therefore the theoretical maximum for Vin is 1A. We’ve seen reports of running
devices higher than this, changing the diode, or even bypassing it completely, but it’s
not recommended.
Some relays are capable of drawing huge currents when under high loads, so care should be taken when
powering peripheral devices. Realistically, any individual peripheral device that requires more than 0.5A
should always be powered via an additional external power supply.

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Through the USB Port (5V @ 500mA)

The Arduino can also be powered via the USB port on the front of the unit (known as
back-powering in the Pi world!). USB powering should only be attempted using a stable
5V supply. It should also be noted that there is a current limit on the USB ports of 500mA,
so any current draw greater than this might cause instability.
Supplying a voltage to the USB ports essentially dumps that voltage directly to the 5V rail
on the Arduino (directly powering the 5V pin). Care should be taken when powering in
this manner, as supplying voltage to the USB ports bypasses the 5V regulators, which can
damage your board if an incorrect voltage is applied!
Additionally, the Arduino features a resettable polyfuse on the USB ports, with an
overcurrent protection of 500mA. This somewhat limits the applications that can be
utilised when powering via USB. If anything draws a significant amount of current (or
multiple devices draw greater than 500mA combined), the on board polyfuses will likely
trip, breaking the connection until the load is removed. This would likely result in the unit
repeatedly resetting, or other strange behaviour!
If the Arduino detects that there is a barrel source and USB source supplying voltage at the
same time, the Arduino automatically switches to the barrel source as long as it supplies a
sufficient voltage (over 6.6V). Therefore, as long as a barrel supply is connected (and of
sufficient voltage) the user does not need to worry about the applied USB voltage.

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4.5 POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT:-
Fig: Block diagram of Power Supply
Each of the blocks is described in more detail below:
- steps down high voltage AC mains to low voltage AC.
- converts AC to DC, but the DC output is varying. -
smoothes the DC from varying greatly to a small ripple. - eliminates
ripple by setting DC output to a fixed voltage.
Bridge rectifier:
A bridge rectifier can be made using four individual diodes, but it is also available in
special packages containing the four diodes required. It is called a full-wave Rectifier because
it uses the entire AC wave (both positive and negative sections).
1.4V is used up in the bridge rectifier because each diode uses 0.7V when conducting and
there are always two diodes conducting, as shown in the diagram below. Bridge rectifiers are
rated by the maximum current they can pass and the maximum reverse voltage they can
withstand (this must be at least three times the supply RMS voltage so the rectifier can
withstand the peak voltages

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Smoothing:
Smoothing is performed by a large value electrolytic capacitor connected across the DC
supply to act as a reservoir, supplying current to the output when the varying DC voltage from
the rectifier is falling. The diagram shows the unsmoothed varying DC (dotted line) and the
smoothed DC (solid line). The capacitor charges quickly near the peak of the varying DC, and
then discharges as it supplies current to the output.
Voltage regulator:
Voltage regulator ICs are available with fixed (typically 5, 12 and 15V) or variable output
voltages. They are also rated by the maximum current they can pass. Negative voltage regulators
are available, mainly for use in dual supplies. Most regulators include some automatic protection
from excessive current ('overload protection') and overheating ('thermal protection'). Below is
the circuit diagram of power supply which gives output of 5V, as only that much is required for
microcontroller. Its circuit diagram and designing calculation are given below.
Fig: Circuit diagram of 12V Power Supply

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The +12 volt power supply is based on the commercial 7812 voltage regulator IC. This IC
contains all the circuitry needed to accept any input voltage from 15 to 24 volts and produce a
steady +12 volt output, accurate to within 5% (0.25 volt). It also contains current-limiting
circuitry and thermal overload protection, so that the IC won't be damaged in case of excessive
load current; it will reduce its output voltage instead.
The advantage of a bridge rectifier is you don’t need a center tap on the secondary of the
transformer. A further but significant advantage is that the ripple frequency at the output is
twice the line frequency (i.e. 50Hz) and makes filtering somewhat easier.
The use of capacitor c1 and c2 is to make signal ripple free. The capacitor used before the
regulator is to make ac signal ripple free and then later which we are using is for safety, if
incase there is a ripple left after regulating, then c2nwill remove it.

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4.4.4 Dc Power Supply Adapter:

9 Volt 1 Amp Power Adapter takes an AC INPUT of 100-240V and gives 9V 1A DC output
Features:-
 Excellent Quality
 Short Circuit, Over Voltage & Over Current Protection
 Incredibly Low Fault Rates
 No Minimum Load
 This power supply is a regulated Center Positive power supply
 It's plug design is for Indian power socket so, no plug converter is required
 Compact size & light weight
 High Reliability
 Regulated Stable Voltage
 Good quality SMPS Based Adapter
 Stabilized Output, low ripple & low interference
 Single Output Voltage
 High Efficiency & low energy consumption
Specifications:-
 Input - 100-240 VAC 50/60Hz

 Category - Switch Mode Power Adaptor (SMPS)
 Output Type - DC
 Output - 9Volts 1Am

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4.4.5 LCD (16*2):-
LCD modules are very commonly used in most embedded projects, the reason being its cheap price,
availability and programmer friendly. Most of us would have come across these displays in our day to
day life, either at PCO’s or calculators. The appearance and the pinouts have already been visualized
above now let us get a bit technical.
16×2 LCD is named so because; it has 16 Columns and 2 Rows. There are a lot of combinations
available like, 8×1, 8×2, 10×2, 16×1, etc. but the most used one is the 16×2 LCD. So, it will have
(16×2=32) 32 characters in total and each character will be made of 5×8 Pixel Dots.
Fig.16*2 LCD module

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Pin Configuration
Pin Pin Name: Description
No:
1 Vss Ground pin connected to system ground
(Ground)
2 Vdd (+5 Powers the LCD with +5V (4.7V – 5.3V)
Volt)
3 VE Decides the contrast level of display. Grounded to get maximum contrast.
(Contrast
V)
4 Register Connected to Microcontroller to shift between command/data register

Select
5 Read/Write Used to read or write data. Normally grounded to write data to LCD
6 Enable Connected to Microcontroller Pin and toggled between 1 and 0 for data
acknowledgement
7 Data Pin 0
Data pins 0 to 7 forms a 8-bit data line. They can be connected to
Microcontroller to send 8-bit data.
These LCD’s can also operate on 4-bit mode in such case Data pin
4,5,6 and 7 will be left free.
8 Data Pin 1
9 Data Pin 2
10 Data Pin 3
11 Data Pin 4
12 Data Pin 5
13 Data Pin 6
14 Data Pin 7
15 LED Backlight LED pin positive terminal
Positive
16 LED Backlight LED pin negative terminal

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Negative
Fig.16*2 LCD pinout
 Features of 16×2 LCD module

 Operating Voltage is 4.7V to 5.3V .
 Current consumption is 1mA without backlight.
 Alphanumeric LCD display module, meaning can display alphabets and numbers.
 Consists of two rows and each row can print 16 characters.
 Each character is build by a 5×8 pixel box .
 Can work on both 8-bit and 4-bit mode .
 It can also display any custom generated characters .
 Available in Green and Blue Backlight .

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4.4.6 ESP8266 - WiFi Module
ESP8266EX is among the most integrated WiFi chip in the industry; it integrates the antenna switches, RF
balun, power amplifier, low noise receive amplifier, filters, power management modules, it requires
minimal external circuitry, and the entire solution, including front-end module, is designed to occupy
minimal PCB area.
ESP8266EX also integrates an enhanced version of Ten silica’s L106 Diamond series 32-bit processor,
with on-chip SRAM, besides the Wi-Fi functionalities. ESP8266EX is often

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integrated with external sensors and other application specific devices through its GPIOs; codes for such
applications are provided in examples in the SDK. Expressive Systems’ Smart Connectivity Platform
(ESCP) demonstrates sophisticated system-level features include fast sleep/wake context switching for
energy-efficient VoIP, adaptive radio biasing. for low power operation, advance signal processing, and spur
cancellation and radio co-existence features for common cellular, Bluetooth, LVDS, LCD interference
mitigation.
Dimension of ESP-01 WiFi Module

Length Width Height PAD Size(Bottom) Pin Pitch
14.3 mm 24.8 mm 3 mm 0.9 mm x 1.7 mm 2.54 mm
Block diagram of ESP8266X
ESP8266EX Block Diagram

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ESP8266-01 Features
Low cost, compact and powerful Wi-Fi Module Power
Supply: +3.3V only
Current Consumption: 100mA I/O
Voltage: 3.6V (max)
I/O source current: 12mA (max)
Built-in low power 32-bit MCU @ 80MHz 512kB
Flash Memory
Can be used as Station or Access Point or both combined Supports Deep
sleep (<10uA)
Supports serial communication hence compatible with many development
platform like Arduino
Can be programmed using Arduino IDE or AT-commands or Lua Script
ESP8266 Pin Configuration

Normally used for Alternate purpose
Pin Pin Name Alternate
Number Name
1 Ground - -
Connected to the ground of
the circuit
2 TX GPIO – 1 Connected to Rx pin of

Can act as a General
programmer/uC to upload purpose Input/output
program pin when not used as
TX

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3 GPIO-2 - -
General purpose
Input/output pin
4 CH_EN - Chip Enable – Active high -
5 GPIO - 0 Flash General purpose

Takes module into
Input/output pin
serial programming
when held low during
start up
6 Reset - Resets the module -
7 RX GPIO - 3 General purpose

Can act as a General
Input/output pin
purpose Input/output
pin when not used as
RX
8 Vcc - Connect to +3.3V only
Applications
IOT Projects .
Access Point Portals . Wireless
Data logging . Smart Home
Automation . Learn basics of
networking . Portable
Electronics.
Smart bulbs and Sockets.

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Parameters

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4.4.6 ECG AD8232 :-
AD8232 ECG Module integrated with AD8232 IC from Analog Devices, which is a single-
chip designed to extract, amplify, and filter biopotential signals for biopotential measurement
applications (like ECG and others). ECGs can be extremely noisy so that the AD8232 Single
Lead Heart Rate Monitor acts as an op-amp to help obtain a clear signal from the PR and QT
Intervals easily.
Fig.AD8232 ECG module

The AD8232 SparkFun Single Lead Heart Rate Monitor is a cost-effective board used to
measure the electrical activity of the heart. This electrical activity can be charted as an ECG or
Electrocardiogram and output as an analog reading. ECGs can be extremely noisy, the AD8232
Single Lead Heart Rate Monitor acts as an op amp to help obtain a clear signal from the PR and
QT Intervals easily.
The AD8232 is an integrated signal conditioning block for ECG and other biopotential
measurement applications. It is designed to extract, amplify, and filter small biopotential signals in
the presence of noisy conditions, such as those created by motion or remote electrode placement.

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The AD8232 Heart Rate Monitor breaks out nine connections from the IC that you can solder
pins, wires, or other connectors to. SDN, LO+, LO-, OUTPUT, 3.3V, GND provide essential pins
for operating this monitor with an Arduino or other development board Also provided on this
board are RA (Right Arm), LA (Left Arm), and RL (Right Leg) pins to attach and use your own
custom sensors. Additionally, there is an LED indicator light that will pulsate to the rhythm of a
heart beat. Biomedical Sensor Pads and Sensor Cable are required to use the heart monitor and can
be found in the Recommended Products section below.
Features of the AD8232 ECG Module

Fully integrated single-lead ECG front end . Common-mode
rejection ratio: 80 dB (dc to 60 Hz) . Two or three-electrode
configurations .
Qualified for automotive application .
Single-supply operation: 2.0 V to 3.5 .
Fast restore feature improves filter settling .
Size: 3.5cm x 3cm .
PIN CONFIGURATIONS AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS

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Application of AD8232 ECG Module

Fitness and activity heart rate monitors .
Portable ECG .
Remote health monitors .
Gaming peripherals .
Biopotential signal acquisition.
4.4.7 Vibration Sensor:-
Accelerometers are devices that measure the vibration, or acceleration of motion of a

structure. They have a transducer that converts mechanical force caused by vibration or a
change in motion, into an electrical current using the piezoelectric effect. The working principle
of vibration sensor is a sensor which operates based on different optical otherwise mechanical
principles for detecting observed system vibrations. The sensitivity of these sensors normally
ranges from 10 mV/g to 100 mV/g, and there are lower and higher sensitivities are also
accessible .
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4.4.7 DHT 11 Sensor:-
The DHT11 is a commonly used Temperature and humidity sensor. The sensor comes
with a dedicated NTC to measure temperature and an 8-bit microcontroller to output the values of
temperature and humidity as serial data. The sensor is also factory calibrated and hence easy to
interface with other microcontrollers.
The sensor can measure temperature from 0°C to 50°C and humidity from 20% to 90%
with an accuracy of ±1°C and ±1%. So if you are looking to measure in this range then this
sensor might be the right choice for you.
Fig. DTH 11
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Pin Identification and Configuration:
No: Pin Name Description
For DHT11 Sensor

1 Vcc Power supply 3.5V to 5.5V
2 Data Outputs both Temperature and Humidity through

serial Data
3 NC No Connection and hence not used
4 Ground Connected to the ground of the circuit
For DHT11 Sensor module
1 Vcc Power supply 3.5V to 5.5V
2 Data Outputs both Temperature and Humidity through

serial Data
3 Ground Connected to the ground of the circuit

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Blynk Application :-
How Blynk Works

Blynk was designed for the Internet of Things. It can control hardware remotely, it can display
sensor data, it can store data, visualize it and do many other cool things. There are three major
components in the platform:
• Blynk App - allows to you create amazing interfaces for your projects using
various widgets we provide.
• Blynk Server - responsible for all the communications between the smartphone
and hardware. You can use our Blynk Cloud or run your private Blynk server
locally. It’s open-source, could easily handle thousands of devices and can even
be launched on a Raspberry Pi.
• Blynk Libraries - for all the popular hardware platforms - enable

communication with the server and process all the incoming and out coming
commands.
Now imagine: every time you press a Button in the Blynk app, the message travels to the Blynk
Cloud, where it magically finds its way to your hardware. It works the same in the opposite
direction and everything happens in a blynk of an eye.
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Fig. Blynk server
You can find example sketches covering basic Blynk Features. They are included in
the library. All the sketches are designed to be easily combined with each other.
4.4.8 Hardware.
An Arduino, Raspberry Pi, or a similar development kit.

Blynk works over the Internet. This means that the hardware you choose
should be able to connect to the internet. Some of the boards, like Arduino Uno
will need an Ethernet or Wi-Fi Shield to communicate, others are already
Internet-enabled: like the ESP8266, Raspberri Pi with WiFi dongle, Particle
Photon or Spark Fun Blynk Board. But even if you don’t have a shield, you can
connect it over USB to your laptop or desktop (it’s a bit more complicated for
newbies, but we got you covered). What’s cool, is that the list of hardware that
works with Blynk is huge and will keep on growing.
March 2021
Getting Started With The Blynk App
1. Create a Blynk Account
After you download the Blynk App, you’ll need to create a New Blynk account.
This account is separate from the accounts used for the Blynk Forums, in case you
already have one.
We recommend using a real email address because it will simplify things later.
Why do I need to create an account?
An account is needed to save your projects and have access to them from multiple
devices from anywhere. It’s also a security measure.
You can always set up your own Private Blynk Server and have full control.
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2. Create a New Project

After you’ve successfully logged into your account, start by creating a new project.
3. Choose Your Hardware

Select the hardware model you will use. Check out the list of supported hardware!
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4. Auto Token
Auto Token is a unique identifier which is needed to connect your hardware to

your smartphone. Every new project you create will have its own Auto Token. You’ll
get Auto Token automatically on your email after project creation. You can also copy
it manually. Click on devices section and selected required device :
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And you’ll see token :
NOTE: Don’t share your Auth Token with anyone, unless you want someone to have access
to your hardware.
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It’s very convenient to send it over e-mail. Press the e-mail button and the token will be
sent to the e-mail address you used for registration. You can also tap on the Token line
and it will be copied to the clipboard. Now press the “Create” button.
5. Add a Widget
Your project canvas is empty, let’s add a button to control our LED.
Tap anywhere on the canvas to open the widget box. All the available widgets are located
here. Now pick a button. Widget Box
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Drag-n-Drop - Tap and hold the Widget to drag it to the new position.
Widget Settings - Each Widget has it’s own settings. Tap on the widget to get to them.
The most important parameter to set is PIN . The list of pins reflects physical pins defined
by your hardware. If your LED is connected to Digital Pin 8 - then select D8 (D - stands
for Digital).
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1. Run The Project
When you are done with the Settings - press the PLAY button. This will switch you
from EDIT mode to PLAY mode where you can interact with the hardware. While in
PLAY mode, you won’t be able to drag or set up new widgets, press STOP and get back
to EDIT mode.
You will get a message saying “Arduino UNO is offline”. We’ll deal with that in the next
section.
March 2021
4.4.9 LED:-
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits light when
current flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes,
releasing energy in the form of photons. The color of the light (corresponding to the
energy of the photons) is determined by the energy required for electrons to cross the
band gap of the semiconductor.[5] White light is obtained by using multiple
semiconductors or a layer of light-emitting phosphor on the semiconductor device.
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March 2021
FEATURES:
Energy Saving:- The LEDs are extremely efficient low energy light sources. Light
gains:- In 2005 the white LEDs reached outputs of over 30 lumens / Watt and
Coloured versions 50 lumens / Watt.
Long operational life:- up to 50,000 hours.
Compact light source:- no other lamp possesses such small dimensions for a
comparative light output.
No radiation:- the LEDs do not emit ultraviolet (UV) or infrared (IR) radiation.
Durable lamps:- The LEDs are durable against impact and vibration.
Dimmable LEDs:- the LEDs can be dimmed.
[Type here]
March 2021
CHAPTER 5
PROGRAMMING
PROGRAM
#define USE_ARDUINO_INTERRUPTS true
#include<LiquidCrystal.h>
#include <PulseSensorPlayground.h>
#include "DHT.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#define DHTPIN A2
#define DHTTYPE DHT11
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

PulseSensorPlayground pulseSensor;
/*-----------------ESP8266 Serial WiFi Module----

*/
#define SSID " " // "SSID-WiFiname" #define
PASS " " // "password"
#define IP "184.106.153.149"// thingspeak.com ip string msg = “GET
/update?key=lD7HFS2CIPCO0NC”;//change it with your key…..
/*
--*/
LiquidCrystal lcd(2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7); const int

PulseWire = A0; // 'S' Signal pin connected to
A0
const int LOPlus = 8; // Setup for leads off detection LO +
const int LOMinus = 9; // Setup for leads off detection LO -
const int Vibration = 10; // Vibration signal pin connected to D10
//A2 DHT PIN
//Variables
float temp;
int error; int
t, b, e, v;
int Threshold = 550;
void setup()
{
[Type here]
March 2021
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.setCursor(0, 0); Serial.begin(115200); //or
use default 115200. lcd.print("Health
Monitoring");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1); //sets the cursor at
row0 column 0
lcd.print(" System");
pinMode(A3, INPUT);
pinMode(LOPlus, INPUT);
pinMode(LOMinus, INPUT);
pinMode(Vibration, INPUT);
pulseSensor.analogInput(PulseWire); pulseSensor.setThreshold(Threshold);
Serial.println("AT");
delay(5000);
if (Serial.find("OK"))
{
connectWiFi();
delay(3000);
dht.begin();
pulseSensor.begin();
}
[Type here]
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[Type here]
March 2021
ALGORITHM:
I. Start.
II. Check for wi-fi connection
III. Connect to Wi-Fi
IV. Connect to server .
V. College all Data from sensor.
VI. Broadcast all Data to server.
VII. Repeat the process again and again.
VIII. Stop.
[Type here]
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[Type here]
6.2 Flowchart:
March 2021
6.3 PROGRAM:
E&TC Dept., Government Polytechnic Awasari(Kh)

March 2021
void loop()
{
start:
int myBPM = pulseSensor.getBeatsPerMinute();
// Calculates BPM
if (pulseSensor.sawStartOfBeat())
{ // Constantly test to see if a beat happened
Serial.println("♥ A HeartBeat Happened ! ");
// If true, print a message

Serial.print("BPM: ");
Serial.println(myBPM);
// Print the BPM value b
= (myBPM);
}
delay(50);
float t = dht.readTemperature();
if ((digitalRead(LOPlus) == 1) ||
(digitalRead(LOMinus) == 1))
{
Serial.println('!');
}
else
{
e = (analogRead(A1));
}
delay(50);
int val;
val = digitalRead(Vibration);
if (val == 1)
{ v=
1;
} else
{

March 2021
v=0;
}
delay(1000);
updateTemp();
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("TEMP- ");
lcd.print(t);
lcd.print("HEART RATE- ");
lcd.print(b);
error = 0; if
(error == 1) {
goto start; //go to label "start"
}
delay(5000); //Update every 15 sec

}
void updateTemp() {
String cmd = "AT+CIPSTART=\"TCP\",\"";
cmd += IP; cmd +=
"\",80";
Serial.println(cmd);
delay(2000); if
(Serial.find("Error")) {
return;
}
cmd = msg ;
cmd += "&field1="; //field 1 for temperature

cmd += t;
cmd += "&field2="; //field 2 for Heart Rate
cmd += b;
cmd += "&field3="; //field 3 for ECG
cmd += e;
March 2021
cmd += "&field4="; //field 4 for Vibration

cmd += v;
Serial.print("AT+CIPSEND="
);
Serial.println(cmd.length());
if (Serial.find(">")) {
Serial.print(cmd);
}
else
{
Serial.println("AT+CIPCLOSE")
; //Resend... error = 1;
}
}
boolean connectWiFi()
{
Serial.println("AT+CWMODE=1");
delay(2000);
String cmd = "AT+CWJAP=\"";
cmd += SSID;
cmd += "\",\"";
cmd += PASS;
cmd += "\"";
Serial.println(cmd);
delay(5000);
if (Serial.find("OK")) {
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Wifi Connected");
delay(5000); return true;
} else { return false;
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}
}
CHAPTER 5
RESULT,
CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE
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5.1 RESULT:

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March 2021

March 2021
5.2 FEATURES:
5.2.1 Remote monitoring: Real-time remote monitoring via connected

IoT devices and smart alerts can diagnose illnesses, treat diseases
and save lives in case of a medical emergency.
5.2.2 Prevention: Smart sensors analyze health conditions, lifestyle
choices and the environment and recommend preventative
measures, which will reduce the occurrence of diseases and acute
states.
5.2.3 Reduction of healthcare costs: IoT reduces costly visits to doctors
and hospital admissions and makes testing more affordable.
5.2.4 Medical data accessibility: Accessibility of electronic medical
records allow patients to receive quality care and help healthcare
providers make the right medical decisions and prevent
complications.
5.2.5 Improved treatment management: IoT devices help track the
administration of drugs and the response to the treatment and
reduce medical error.
5.2.6 Improved healthcare management: Using IoT devices,
healthcare authorities can get valuable information about
equipment and staff effectiveness and use it to suggest
innovations.
5.2.7 Research: Since IoT devices are able to collect and analyze a
massive amount of data, they have a high potential for medical
research purposes.

March 2021
5.3 LIMITATIONS:
1. Security and privacy: Security and privacy remain a major concern deterring
users from using IoT technology for medical purposes, as healthcare monitoring
solutions have the potential to be breached or hacked. The leak of sensitive
information about the patient’s health and location and meddling with sensor data
can have grave consequences, which would counter the benefits of IoT.
2. Risk of failure: Failure or bugs in the hardware or even power failure can impact
the performance of sensors and connected equipment placing healthcare
operations at risk. In addition, skipping a scheduled software update may be even
more hazardous than skipping a doctor checkup.
3. Integration: There’s no consensus regarding IoT protocols and standards, so

devices produced by different manufacturers may not work well together. The
lack of uniformity prevents full-scale integration of IoT, therefore limiting its
potential effectiveness.
4. Cost: While IoT promises to reduce the cost of healthcare in the long-term, the
cost of its implementation in hospitals and staff training is quite high.

March 2021
5.4APPLICATIONS:
It will use in Remote patient monitoring (RPM)

It will use in Healthcare management
It will use in vaccine cold chain monitoring
It will use in hospitals
It will use in healthcare delivery drones
5.5 CONCLUSION:
The application of Internet of Things in smart home automation has led to a

great deal of improvement in convenient living, remote access to home appliances,
mobile health care and improved social lifestyle primarily for senior citizens.
Combining home automation with the healthcare system helps alleviate stress,
reduces the cost of living and gives room for remote communication between
doctors and patients. In this work, we have proposed a covid patient health
monitoring system for the sick, elderly and handicapped. The current work was
focused mainly on making life more convenient for those with health challenges
who need to visit the hospital regularly. The new system has been developed in
order to reduce the number of hospital visits, queues in the hospital and reduction in
the cost of taking care of the sick. The system performs a dual role of both health
monitoring and control of essential home appliances; with this, users can enjoy
social life and still have their health managed and monitored especially during an
era of the pandemic. The proposed method will have a great impact on the quality of
life by reducing the transmission rate of communicable diseases. Patients diagnosed
and under treatment for a disease such as COVID-19 will not have any cause to
move about frequently and thus, quality of life is ensured and transmission rate is
reduced. The on-going phase of the current system is its physical deployment with

March 2021
IoT devices, a testing phase of the mobile application using the real-world scenario
and documentation of feedbacks for improvement.
It is recommended that after rigorous testing and evaluation, the proposed system
can be deployed in hospitals for use in various units. The designed mobile and web
application, once fully developed, can be plugged into existing web domains of
hospitals as a portal and can be launched as a fresh application for hospitals without
existing domains. It is also recommended that new features such as a physiological
data capturing device be incorporated into the current system.
5.6 FUTURE SCOPE:
As a future direction, we plan to extend our application beyond Android

platform to other IOS platforms for wide adaptability. With the efficient technique
presented in this paper, it is believed that this research can be extended to other
areas of IoT such as agriculture for monitoring of livestock and consultation of
farmers with veterinary doctors towards diagnosis, prescription and treatment of
diseases in livestock in farms. Also, the new system can be extended for use in the
pharmaceutical sector. The doctors can send prescriptions to the pharmacist for
recommendation of dosage and possible dispensing of medications to patients.
Finally, it will be of interest to carry out an evaluation of the overall performance
of the proposed system using different mathematical and statistical evaluation
tools.

March 2021
CHAPTER 8
REFERENCES

March 2021
8.1 BOOKS:
1. Arduino programming by ryan turner

2. Introduction to Arduino by Christina bagain
8.2 WEBSITES:
1. https://www.arduino.cc/
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9yrP1CZN3Ds
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9yrP1CZN3Ds
4. https://www.electronicshub.org/Health monitoring system -using-arduino/
5. https://www.arrow.com/en/research-and-events/articles/ultrasonicsensorshow-
they-work-and-how-to-use-them-with-arduino
6. https://mechatrofice.com/arduino/send-gps-location-via-sms

March 2021

March 2021

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A

“IOT based patient health monitoring system ”

Ms.Anjali Ramdas Rajpure

Mr. Sudhir Balu Sapkal

Mr. Vishal Shivaji Hingalkar

Under the Supervision of

Department of Electronics And Telecommunication

ARVIND GAVALI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SATARA

Ms.Anjali Ramdas Rajpure

Mr. Sudhir Balu Sapkal

Mr. Sanket Suresh Mhetre

Prof. khandarkar S.M Mrs. Pol B.P.

Alumni Mentor Project Guide Project cordinator

HOD Dean R&D Principal

Internal Examiner External Examiner

AGCE, Satara, Department of 2

Sr. No. Name of Student PRN Sign

Mr. Sudhir Balu Sapkal

Mr. Vishal Shivaji Hingalkar

AGCE, Satara, Department of 3

AGCE, Satara, Department of 4

AGCE, Satara, Department of 5

LIST OF FIGURES Iii

1.1 General introduction 10

1.2 Problem Statement 11

1.3 Objectives of the present work 12

1.4 Literature review 14

1.5 Hardware used 17

4.4 Sequence Diagram 23

4.5 Class Diagram 24

4.6 Use case Diagram 25

4.9 Programming Language Used 28

5. RESULT AND CONCLUSION

1.10 Future Scope 34

1.11 Research Papers 36

AGCE, Satara, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication

AGCE, Satara, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication

1.1 General Introduction

AGCE, Satara, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication

AGCE, Satara, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication

1.2 Problem Statement

AGCE, Satara, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication

1.3 Objective of Present work

AGCE, Satara, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication

Author Name Paper Name Publication Year Technology Used

AGCE, Satara, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication

6. Heart Rate Sensor

8. DC power supply Adaptor

14. Header Strips

16. Connecting wires.

AGCE, Satara, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication

AGCE, Satara, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication

4.1 FLOW CHART

AGCE, Satara, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication

4.2 Circuit Diagram

AGCE, Satara, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication

4.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM:

AGCE, Satara, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication

4.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM DISCRIPTION

AGCE, Satara, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication

4.4 COMPONENTS DIAGRAM

Fig: Ardunio Board