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 A Journal on Rural Development

Vol. 71 | No. 12 | Pages 56 | October 2023

Contents
Vision for Green and Clean Rural 5
CHIEF EDITOR
India
Manogyan Rani Pal
Giriraj Singh
EDITOR
Shiela Chaudhary Preserving the Green Cover of 12
JOINT DIRECTOR (PRODUCTION)
Indian Villages
D.K.C. Hrudhainath
Virendra Kumar Paul
COVER DESIGN 5
Rajender Kumar
Integrated Solar Village Scheme 18
EDITORIAL OFFICE for Inclusive Development
Room No. 653,
Publications Division, Bhawna Tyagi
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex, Aryadipta Jena
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003
Phone : 011-24362859
Mukesh Prasad
Email : kurukshetrajournal@gmail.com
For Subscription Enquiries, Crop Residue Management 23
Grievances, Renewals and Agency
Information, Please Contact:
Challenges and Opportunities
Jagdeep Saxena 12
Journals Unit
Publications Division, Room No. 779,
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003
Water for Clean and Green Village 31
(Monday-Friday, 9:30 AM-6:00 PM) Suneel Kumar Arora
Phone : 24367453, FAX: 24365610
Email : pdjucir@gmail.com
Website : publicationsdivision.nic.in Leveraging Agroecological 37
@publicationsdivision Approaches for Clean and
Green Villages
@DPD_India
Neelam Patel
@dpd_India
Tanu Sethi 31
For Online Sale, please log on to Athira S.
bharatkosh.gov.in/product, and for
e-books, please visit Google Play
or Amazon. Harnessing the Power of Digital 44
Technology for Greener Villages
Subscription
1 Year : ` 230
Balendu Sharma Dadhich

Kurukshetra seeks to carry the message of

Rural Development to all people. It serves as
Strengthening Rural Economy 50
a forum for free, frank and serious discussion with Clean and Green Initiatives
on the problems of Rural Development with
special focus on Rural Uplift. Harender Raj Gautam 50
The views expressed by the authors in the
articles are their own. They do not necessarily
reflect the views of the Government or the Sales Emporia : Š Delhi - BM (I/c), Publications Division, CGO Complex, Soochna Bhavan, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003
organisations they work for.
(011-24365609); Hall No. 196, Old Secretariat, Delhi 110054 (011-23890205) Š Kolkata - 8, Esplanade East, Kolkata-700069
The readers are requested to verify the claims (033-22482576) Š 
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Mumbai - 701, C-Wing, 7 th Floor, Kendriya Sadan, Belapur, Navi Mumbai-400614 (022-27570686)
in the advertisements regarding career
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Š Chennai - ‘A’ Wing, Rajaji Bhawan, Besant Nagar, Chennai - 600090 (044-24917673) Š Thiruvananthapuram - Press Road,
guidance books/institutions. Kurukshetra
S.

does not own responsibility. Maps used are Near Govt. Press, Thiruvananthpuram - 6950001 (0471-2330650) Š Hyderabad - Room No. 204, 2nd Floor, C.G.O. Towers,
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for illustration & study purpose and may not Kavadiguda, Hyderabad-500080 (040-27535383) Š Bengaluru - Floor, ‘F’ Wing, Kendriya Sadan, Koramangala, Bengaluru -
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strictly conform to the official map. Images, 560034 (080-25537244) Š Patna - Bihar State Co-operative, Bank Building, Ashoka Rajpath, Patna-800004 (0612-2675823)
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graphics and illustrations, wherever used, are Š Lucknow - Hall No. 1, 2nd Floor, Kendriya Bhawan, sector – H, Aliganj, Lucknow - 226024 (0522-2325455) Š Ahmedabad - Sales
mostly sourced from government channels
Unit, Publications Division, 4-C, Neptune Tower, 4th Floor, Nr HP Petrol Pump, Nehru Bridge Corner, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad
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and are indicative in nature. Final Editing

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rights will vest with Kurukshetra Team. Gujarat -380009 (079-26588669)

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 Vision for Green and Clean Rural India

“ I propose to you today a One-Word Movement. This One-Word, in the context of

climate, can become the basic foundation of One World. This is a word- LIFE...
L, I, F, E, i.e., Lifestyle for Environment. Today, there is a need for all of us to come
together, together with collective participation, to take Lifestyle for Environment
(LiFE) forward as a campaign. ”
- The Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi at the COP26 Summit, Glasgow

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Giriraj Singh

ustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

ĂƌĞĂďůƵĞƉƌŝŶƚƚŽĂĐŚŝĞǀĞĂďĞƩĞƌĂŶĚ
more sustainable future for all. The
Government of India, being a signatory to the United
EĂƟŽŶƐ ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ 'ŽĂůƐ ;^'Ϳ ϮϬϯϬ
ŐĞŶĚĂŝƐĐŽŵŵŝƩĞĚƚŽĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚŚĞŐŽĂůƐĂŶĚƚĂƌŐĞƚƐ
ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ^'Ɛ ŝŶ Ă ƟŵĞͲďŽƵŶĚ ŵĂŶŶĞƌ͘ /ŶĚŝĂ ŚĂƐ ĂůƐŽ
played a crucial role in shaping the SDGs.

dŚĞ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƟ ZĂũ ;DŽWZͿ ŝƐ

ƐƵƉƉůĞŵĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞƐĞĞīŽƌƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĂĐƟǀĞŝŶǀŽůǀĞŵĞŶƚ
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and Whole of Society’, approach to ensure an enhanced
ůĞǀĞů ŽĨ ĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ŵĞĂŶŝŶŐĨƵů ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ
ŽĨ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚŚĞ ůŽĐĂůŝƐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ
SDGs (LSDGs) under nine themes by subsuming the 17
SDGs for their achievements at the grassroots level of
panchayats and villages. These nine themes may be
read as follows:
Theme 1 Poverty free and enhanced livelihoods village
Theme 2 Healthy Village
Theme 3 ŚŝůĚ&ƌŝĞŶĚůLJsŝůůĂŐĞ
Theme 4 tĂƚĞƌ^ƵĸĐŝĞŶƚsŝůůĂŐĞ
Theme 5 ůĞĂŶĂŶĚ'ƌĞĞŶsŝůůĂŐĞ
Theme 6 ^ĞůĨͲ^ƵĸĐŝĞŶƚ/ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞŝŶsŝůůĂŐĞ
Theme 7 Socially Secured Village
Theme 8 Village with Good Governance
Theme 9 tŽŵĞŶ&ƌŝĞŶĚůLJsŝůůĂŐĞ
dŚĞ DŽWZ ŚĂƐ ƵŶĚĞƌƚĂŬĞŶ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ
ĂŶĚ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ůŝŶĞ ŵŝŶŝƐƚƌŝĞƐ͕ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƟ ZĂũ
/ŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ͕ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ^ƚĂƚĞ 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƐͬ hd
ĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐ͕ Đŝǀŝů ƐŽĐŝĞƚLJ͕ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ͕ ƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂů
ŝŶƐƟƚƵƚĞƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ //dƐͬ//DƐ͕ ŽƚŚĞƌ  ĂĐĂĚĞŵŝĂ͕ E'KƐͬ
KƐ͕/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘ƚŽĂƩĂŝŶƚŚĞůŽĐĂůŝƐĞĚ
SDGs with a focus on the nine Themes.
 ŵƵůƟƉƌŽŶŐĞĚ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ĂĚŽƉƚĞĚ ƚŽ
ůŽĐĂůŝƐĞ ^'Ɛ͕ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ũŽŝŶƚ ĂĚǀŝƐŽƌŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐŽůƵƟŽŶ
ƐŝŐŶĞĚǁŝƚŚĐŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌŝĞƐͬĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ͘ĐůĞĂƌ
and conscious focus has been on the convergence of
both resources and infrastructure.
<ĞLJ/ŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐ
Global interest in the idea of a clean and green
6 Kurukshetra
ƐŽĐŝĞƚLJ ŚĂƐ ŐƌŽǁŶ ŝŶ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ ƚŽ ƌŝƐŝŶŐ ƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ͕
ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ͕ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ĚĞŐƌĂĚĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ
ŶĞĞĚĨŽƌĐŽƐƚͲĞīĞĐƟǀĞĂŶĚĂīŽƌĚĂďůĞĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞĐůĞĂŶ
ĞŶĞƌŐLJ ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͘ <ĞLJ ŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐ ĂƌĞ ŶĞĞĚĞĚ ĨŽƌ ĂŶ
ĞĸĐŝĞŶƚ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŵĞ ŽĨ ͚ůĞĂŶ ĂŶĚ
'ƌĞĞŶ sŝůůĂŐĞ͛ ƚŚĂƚ ǁŝůů ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞ Ă ĐŽŶĐĞŶƚƌĂƚĞĚ ĞīŽƌƚ
towards the following:
ͻ ǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ ĂŵŽŶŐƐƚ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƟnjĞŶƐ ŽŶ
the importance of reducing waste, ensuring
ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶ ŽĨ
energy, and reducing the adverse impact on the
environment.
ͻ WƌŽŵŽƟŽŶŽĨŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞ'WƚŚĂƚǁŽƵůĚ
ƌĞĚƵĐĞĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ͕ƐƵĐŚĂƐƌĞĚƵĐŝŶŐ
ƚŚĞƵƐĞŽĨƉůĂƐƟĐƐǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞ'WĂƌĞĂ͘
ͻ dĂŬŝŶŐƐƚĞƉƐƚŽĐƌĞĂƚĞĂŶŝŶͲĚĞƉƚŚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ
of the term climate change and its impact among
ƚŚĞ 'ƌĂŵ ^ĂďŚĂ͕ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚ ĐŽŵŵŝƩĞĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ
other community volunteers.
ͻ DĂƉƉŝŶŐůĂŶĚƵƐĞƉĂƩĞƌŶƐ͕ǁĂƚĞƌďŽĚŝĞƐ͕ĨŽƌĞƐƚƐ͕
hill slopes, wetlands, and degraded forests within
the GP; biodiversity registers.
• Developing appropriate norms for sustainable
ƵƟůŝƐĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĨƌŽŵĐŽŵŵŽŶůĂŶĚƐ͕ǁĂƚĞƌ
ďŽĚŝĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĨŽƌĞƐƚƐ ŽŶ ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐ ůŝŬĞ ŶŽŶͲƟŵďĞƌ
ĨŽƌĞƐƚ ƉƌŽĚƵĐĞ͕ ƐĂŶĚ͕ ĮƐŚ͕ ĂŶĚ ǁĂƚĞƌ͘ ƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐ
the water needs, sources, schemes, solid, and
ůŝƋƵŝĚ ǁĂƐƚĞ ďĞŝŶŐ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞĚ͘ ^ĞƩůŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ
ĂŶĚƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶŐŽĂůƐĂŶĚƚĂƌŐĞƚƐ͘
ͻ ^ĞůĞĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ ĨŽƌ ǁĂƚĞƌ
ƐƵƉƉůLJ ĂŶĚ ƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ 'W͕ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ
ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚŽƌLJĂŶĚĂƌĞĂĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ͘
• Ensuring maintenance of toilets, public spaces,
including those in markets and GP premises.
• Developing a comprehensive energy programme
based on need assessment.
ͻ WƌŽŵŽƟŶŐĂĚŽƉƟŽŶŽĨZĞƐŽůƵƟŽŶŽĨDŝƐƐŝŽŶ>ŝ&
ĂŶĚ ƚĂŬŝŶŐ ƐƚĞƉƐ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ďĞĐŽŵŝŶŐ DŝƐƐŝŽŶ >ŝ&
ĐĞƌƟĮĞĚWĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚ͘
Gram Panchayats and Theme 5 of Clean and Green
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October 2023
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dŚĞ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƟ ZĂũ
ŝƐ ŵĂŬŝŶŐ Ă ĐŽŶĐĞƌƚĞĚ ĞīŽƌƚ ƵŶĚĞƌ
the ‘Clean and Green Village’ theme,
ǁŚĞƌĞŝŶƉĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚƐƚĂŬĞƵƉĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ
on natural resource management,
ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ͕ ǁĂƐƚĞ
ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͕ĂīŽƌĞƐƚĂƟŽŶĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ͕
water resources, soil health, and
management of land resources.
ƉĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚ ŵƵƐƚ ƉƌŝŽƌŝƟƐĞ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ
maintenance of water and land resources, and the
ƉƌŽŵŽƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶŽĨĐůĞĂŶ
ĞŶĞƌŐLJ͘dŚŝƐŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐĞīĞĐƟǀĞŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚŽĨƐŽůŝĚĂŶĚ
ůŝƋƵŝĚǁĂƐƚĞ͕ŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶŝŶŐKƉĞŶĞĨĞĐĂƟŽŶ&ƌĞĞƐƚĂƚƵƐ͕
ĂŶĚƉƌĞǀĞŶƟŶŐǁĂƚĞƌƐŽƵƌĐĞĐŽŶƚĂŵŝŶĂƟŽŶ͘ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůůLJ͕
ƚŚĞ'ƌĞĞŶsŝůůĂŐĞŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞĞŶƚĂŝůƐĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů͕
economic, and equity concerns through community
Kurukshetra October 2023
ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ ŝŶ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ůŝŬĞ ƚƌĞĞ ƉůĂŶƚĂƟŽŶ͕ ŽƌŐĂŶŝĐ
ĨĂƌŵŝŶŐ͕ĂŶĚƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞĞŶĞƌŐLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĨŽƌĂ
ƐĞůĨͲƌĞůŝĂŶƚ͕ĞĐŽͲƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶƚƌƵƌĂů/ŶĚŝĂ͘
Rural households are equally vulnerable to
ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ĞīĞĐƚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚƐ ƉůĂLJ Ă ƉŝǀŽƚĂů
role in tackling many of the causes and consequences
of global warming.
dŚĞ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƟ ZĂũ ŝƐ ŵĂŬŝŶŐ Ă
ĐŽŶĐĞƌƚĞĚ ĞīŽƌƚ ƵŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ ͚ůĞĂŶ ĂŶĚ  'ƌĞĞŶ sŝůůĂŐĞ͛
ƚŚĞŵĞ͕ǁŚĞƌĞŝŶƉĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚƐƚĂŬĞƵƉĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐŽŶŶĂƚƵƌĂů
ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ͕ ǁĂƐƚĞ
ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͕ĂīŽƌĞƐƚĂƟŽŶĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ͕ǁĂƚĞƌƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕
soil health, and management of land resources. Across
India, 16% of the Gram Panchayats have taken Sankalp
;ZĞƐŽůƵƟŽŶͿ͕ǁŝƚŚĂĨŽĐƵƐƉƌŝŵĂƌŝůLJŽŶůĞĂŶĂŶĚ'ƌĞĞŶ
sŝůůĂŐĞ͕ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌŝŶŐƚŚĞĞīŽƌƚƐƵŶĚĞƌƚŚŝƐƚŚĞŵĞ͘
While Gram Panchayats are taking steps
ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ƚŚĞ ͚ůĞĂŶ ĂŶĚ 'ƌĞĞŶ sŝůůĂŐĞ͛ ƚŚĞŵĞ͕ Ă
wide variety of programmes can be carried out for
economic development. Local entrepreneurs can
ƉƌŽĚƵĐĞ>ďƵůďƐĂƐĂŐƌŽƵƉĂĐƟǀŝƚLJ͘WƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶĂŶĚ
supply of smokeless stoves bring more employment
ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘ KƌŐĂŶŝĐ ĨĂƌŵŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŵĂƌŬĞƟŶŐ ĂƌĞ LJĞƚ
other areas where Panchayats can focus. Self Help
'ƌŽƵƉƐ;^,'ƐͿŐĞƚĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ
ǁŚĞŶ ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ ƐĞůĨͲƌĞůŝĂŶƚ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ͘ ^ĞůĨͲƐƵĸĐŝĞŶƚ
Panchayats can be the target of Panchayats working for
carbon neutrality.
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ƌŽƵŶĚ͕ ϱϮй  ŽĨ ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ ĂƌĞ K& WůƵƐ ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ͕
ŝ͘Ğ͕͘ ŶĞĂƌůLJ ϰ͕Ϯϱ͕ϲϵϭ ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ͕ ŚĂǀĞ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĞĚ ŝƚƐ KƉĞŶ
ĞĨĞĐĂƟŽŶ&ƌĞĞ;K&ͿƐƚĂƚƵƐĂůŽŶŐǁŝƚŚŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƟŶŐ
either solid or liquid waste management systems.
Ϯ͕ϮϮ͕ϲϯϳ ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ ŚĂǀŝŶŐ ĂƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ^ŽůŝĚ tĂƐƚĞ
DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚĂŶĚϯ͕ϲϬ͕ϭϬϯǀŝůůĂŐĞƐŚĂǀĞĂƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚ
of Liquid Waste Management. Various community
ĂƐƐĞƚƐ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ͕ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŶŐ
ƚŽƚŚĞK&ƉůƵƐƐƚĂƚƵƐŽĨƚŚĞ'WƐ͘

'ƌĂŵhƌũĂ^ǁĂƌĂũďŚŝLJĂĂŶ have taken up solar energy models such as solar roof

dŚĞ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƟ ZĂũ ŚĂƐ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚ
with the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy to
include the Gram Panchayats under all its schemes
ĨŽĐƵƐŝŶŐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĂĚŽƉƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ͘ dŚŝƐ
will enable, in the upcoming years, Gram Panchayats to
ĞǀŽůǀĞĂƐƐĞůĨͲƐƵĸĐŝĞŶƚŝŶƚĞƌŵƐŽĨĞŶĞƌŐLJĂŶĚďĞĐŽŵĞ
producers of energy instead of only being consumers.
DŽƌĞŽǀĞƌ͕ ǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚ ĂĚŽƉƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ
ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ŝŶ ƌƵƌĂů ĂƌĞĂƐ ǁŽƵůĚ ĞŶĂďůĞ ƚŚĞ 'ƌĂŵ
WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚƐƚŽĚĞǀĞůŽƉŽǁŶƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨZĞǀĞŶƵĞ;K^ZͿ
ĂŶĚ ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ůŽĐĂů LJŽƵƚŚ ŽĨ
the villages.
Under the Gram Urja Swaraj Abhiyaan, GPs have
ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚƚŚĞŝƌŽǁŶŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŵŽĚĞůƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞ
support of Renewable energy development Agencies
ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƚĞƐ͘ &Žƌ ĞdžĂŵƉůĞ͕ KĚĂŶƚŚƵƌĂŝ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚ ŝŶ
Tamil Nadu has its own windmill, Thikekarwadi GP
in Maharashtra has established Biogas plant in PPP
ƚŽƉ ŵŽĚĞůƐ͕ ƐŽůĂƌ ŬŝƚĐŚĞŶƐ͕ ƐŽůĂƌ ƐƚƌĞĞƚ ůŝŐŚƟŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚ
ƐŽůĂƌŚŝŐŚͲŵĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚŽǁŶĞĚďLJƚŚĞWĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚƐ͘
Under the Gram Urja Swaraj Abhiyaan, as on date,
ϮϬϴϬ'ƌĂŵWĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚƐŚĂǀĞƚĂŬĞŶƵƉĂŶĚŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĞĚ
ZĞŶĞǁĂďůĞ ŶĞƌŐLJ WƌŽũĞĐƚƐ͘ ůŽƐĞ ƚŽ ϮϬϮϬ 'ƌĂŵ
Panchayats have solar energy systems that are installed
ĂŶĚĂƌĞĨƵůůLJĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů͘ƌŽƵŶĚϲϬͲϳϬ'ƌĂŵWĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚƐ
have hydel energy systems and wind energy systems
ƚŚĂƚĂƌĞŝŶƐƚĂůůĞĚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϭϬϲ'ƌĂŵWĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚƐ
ǁŝƚŚĞdžŝƐƟŶŐďŝŽŐĂƐĞŶĞƌŐLJƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ͘
&ƵƌƚŚĞƌ͕ Ă ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚ ŶƵŵďĞƌ ŽĨ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚƐ ĂƌĞ
interested in making improvements in the clean and
green energy domain and have interest through the
Gram Urja Swaraj Abhiyaan under the following sectors:
Solar Hydel Wind Biogas
WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌƐ Energy Energy Energy Energy
Systems Systems Systems Systems
Number of Gram
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Panchayats
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WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚŝŶ<ĞƌĂůĂŝƐƚŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞŽĨĂWĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚ
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ĨŽƌ ŵŝĐƌŽ ŚLJĚĞů ƉŽǁĞƌ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ͘ DĂŶLJ ƉĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚƐ ^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬĞŐƌĂŵƐǁĂƌĂũ͘ŐŽǀ͘ŝŶͬƵƌũĂĂƐŚďŽĂƌĚ͘ĚŽ

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DŝƐƐŝŽŶ >ŝ&͕ ůĂƵŶĐŚĞĚ Ăƚ KWϮϲ͕ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞƐ
ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ůŝǀŝŶŐ ďLJ ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐŝŶŐ ĞĐŽͲĨƌŝĞŶĚůLJ ĂĐƟŽŶƐ
ŐůŽďĂůůLJ͘ /ƚ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƚŽ ƌĞƉůĂĐĞ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĞǀĂůĞŶƚ ΖƵƐĞͲĂŶĚͲ
dispose' economic model with a sustainable 'circular
economy' by encouraging people worldwide to adopt
ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůůLJ ĨƌŝĞŶĚůLJ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĚĂŝůLJ ůŝǀĞƐ͘
tŝƚŚĂŵƵůƟͲƉŚĂƐĞƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJ͕ŝƚďĞŐŝŶƐǁŝƚŚ͚ŚĂŶŐĞŝŶ
ĞŵĂŶĚ͛ ďLJ ĨŽƐƚĞƌŝŶŐ ƐŝŵƉůĞ ĂĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶǀŝƐŝŽŶŝŶŐ
broader policy changes. Panchayats can play a pivotal
ƌŽůĞ ŝŶ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƟŶŐ ĞĐŽͲĨƌŝĞŶĚůLJ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ
grassroots level.
/Ŷ ŝƚƐ ŝŶĂƵŐƵƌĂů LJĞĂƌ͕ ϮϬϮϮͲϮϯ͕ DŝƐƐŝŽŶ >ŝ&
ĨŽĐƵƐĞƐŽŶWŚĂƐĞ/͕͚ĞŵĂŶĚ^ŚŝŌ͕͛ƵƌŐŝŶŐŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐ͕
ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ͕ĂŶĚŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐƚŽĂĚŽƉƚϳϱƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĂŶĚ
ŵĞĂƐƵƌĂďůĞ ĞĐŽͲĂĐƟŽŶƐ ƐƉĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƐĞǀĞŶ ĐĂƚĞŐŽƌŝĞƐ͘
dŚĞƐĞ ĂĐƟŽŶƐ ƉƌŝŽƌŝƟƐĞ ĞĂƐĞ ŽĨ ĂĚŽƉƟŽŶ͕ ŵŝŶŝŵĂů
ƐƵƉƉůLJͲƐŝĚĞ ƌĞůŝĂŶĐĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ĐŽŵƉĂƟďŝůŝƚLJ͕
aligning with the mission's core aim of advancing
sustainability.
WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚƐ ŚŽůĚ Ă ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ƚŽ ĚƌŝǀĞ
ƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂƟǀĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ŐƌĂƐƐƌŽŽƚƐ͘ dŚĞLJ
ĐĂŶ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞůLJ ŽǀĞƌƐĞĞ ƚŚĞ ĂĚŽƉƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĞĐŽͲĨƌŝĞŶĚůLJ
ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐĂŶĚĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞĂĐƟǀĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJŝŶǀŽůǀĞŵĞŶƚ
ŝŶ DŝƐƐŝŽŶ >ŝ&ΖƐ ĞŶĚĞĂǀŽƵƌƐ͘ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚƐ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐ ƚŚĞ
capacity to champion environmentally responsible
ĂĐƟŽŶƐ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĚŽŵĂŝŶƐ͕ ƐƉĂŶŶŝŶŐ ǁĂƐƚĞ
ƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶ͕ƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞĞŶĞƌŐLJĂĚŽƉƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ
ĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ĂůƐŽ ƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐ ŝŶĐĞŶƟǀĞƐ͘ dŚƌŽƵŐŚ
ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚWĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚƐ͕DŝƐƐŝŽŶ>ŝ&ĐŽƵůĚŐĂŝŶ
ĂĐĐĞƐƐ ƚŽ ůŽĐĂů ĞdžƉĞƌƟƐĞ͕ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚ
ŐŽǀĞƌŶĂŶĐĞŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵƐ͕ĞŶĂďůŝŶŐĂŐƌĂƐƐƌŽŽƚƐͲĚƌŝǀĞŶ
approach to sustainable living that seamlessly aligns
ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶΖƐŽǀĞƌĂƌĐŚŝŶŐŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐ͘
Case Studies
DŽWZŚĂƐƵŶĚĞƌƚĂŬĞŶĐŽŶĐĞƌƚĞĚĞīŽƌƚƐĂƚďůŽĐŬ͕
ĚŝƐƚƌŝĐƚ͕^ƚĂƚĞͬhdĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂů>ĞǀĞůĨŽƌŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨ
ƚŚĞůĞĂŶĂŶĚ'ƌĞĞŶdŚĞŵĞ͘WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚƐĂƌĞĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůLJ
ŵĂŬŝŶŐ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂďůĞ ĞīŽƌƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƐŽŵĞ ŶŽƚĞǁŽƌƚŚLJ
ĞdžĂŵƉůĞƐŽĨƚŚĞŝƌďĞƐƚƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐĂƌĞĂƐĨŽůůŽǁƐ͗
ĂͿ <ƵŶĚĂů 'ƌĂŵ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚ ŽĨ WĂůƵƐ͕ DĂŚĂƌĂƐŚƚƌĂ͕
ǁŝƚŚ Ă ƚŽƚĂů ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ϭϴ͕Ϯϴϳ ĂŶĚ ƚŽƚĂů
ŚŽƵƐĞŚŽůĚƐ ŽĨ ϯ͕ϴϯϱ͕ ƚŚĞ 'ƌĂŵ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚ ŚĂƐ
ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞĚ ϭϬϬй ƐŽůŝĚ ĂŶĚ ǁĂƐƚĞ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ
Kurukshetra October 2023
ĨŽƌ Ăůů ƚŚĞ ŚŽƵƐĞŚŽůĚƐ͕ ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ƐĞŵŝͲ
government buildings. It has implemented a
ŐƌĞLJǁĂƚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ƐLJƐƚĞŵ͕ ĞŶƐƵƌŝŶŐ ϭϬϬй
ŐƌĞLJǁĂƚĞƌ ƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚ͕ ĂŶĚ ĂĚŽƉƚĞĚ Ă ƌŽŽŌŽƉ
ƌĂŝŶǁĂƚĞƌ ŚĂƌǀĞƐƟŶŐ ƐLJƐƚĞŵ ƚŽ ĂůůĞǀŝĂƚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ
ƐĐĂƌĐŝƚLJ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ ďLJ ƐƚŽƌŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƵƟůŝƐŝŶŐ
rainwater. Kundal Gram Panchayat uses LED lights
ŝŶ ŝƚƐ ĚŽŵĞƐƟĐ ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŚĂƐ ŝŶƐƚĂůůĞĚ
Water Treatment Plant that provides clean water
ƚŽĂůůƚŚĞŚŽƵƐĞŚŽůĚƐ͘ƉƉƌŽdžŝŵĂƚĞůLJ͕ϰ͕ϬϬϬƚƌĞĞƐ
ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ƉůĂŶƚĞĚ ĨŽƌ ĂīŽƌĞƐƚĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ
ƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŽĨǁŝůĚůŝĨĞĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶƚŚĞ'W͘
ďͿ ^LJĂƐĂŶĂŵďĂŐĂŵ 'ƌĂŵ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚ͕ ,ŝŶũŝůŝĐƵƚ͕
Odisha, ŚĂƐ ƐĞƚ ƵƉ Ă ƐLJƐƚĞŵ ŽĨ ĚŽŽƌͲƚŽͲĚŽŽƌ
ŐĂƌďĂŐĞ ĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ ŽŶ Ă ĚĂŝůLJ ďĂƐŝƐ͕ ƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶ͕
and recycling of waste through Management
ŽĨ ŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ ŽŵƉŽƐƟŶŐ ;DͿ͘ /ƚƐ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ
ƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶĐŽŵŵŝƩĞĞƚĂŬĞƐƵƉƌĞŐƵůĂƌĐůĞĂŶůŝŶĞƐƐ
ĚƌŝǀĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŚĂƐ ŵĂĚĞ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂďůĞ ĞīŽƌƚ ƚŽ
ĐƌĞĂƚĞĂƐƐĞƚƐůŝŬĞƚŚĞDŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJŽŵƉŽƐƚ
Wŝƚ͕/ŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶŽŵƉŽƐƚWŝƚ͕ĞƚĐ͘dŚĞ'WƌĞŐƵůĂƌůLJ
ƵŶĚĞƌŐŽĞƐ ŵĂƐƐŝǀĞ ƉůĂŶƚĂƟŽŶ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ƚŽ
ŵŝƟŐĂƚĞƚŚĞĞīĞĐƚƐŽĨĂīŽƌĞƐƚĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞ
ǁŝůĚůŝĨĞ ĂŶĚ ƉůĂŶƚƐ͘ dŚĞLJ ŚĂǀĞ ŝŶƐƚĂůůĞĚ ĞŶĞƌŐLJͲ
ĞĸĐŝĞŶƚ ƐŽůĂƌ ƉƵŵƉƐ ĨŽƌ ŵŝĐƌŽͲŝƌƌŝŐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ
ŚĂǀĞ ĞŵďƌĂĐĞĚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJͲďĂƐĞĚ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ
of natural resources, including forests, water
bodies, and sacred groves, thus ensuring
ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŽĨďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĂŶĚƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚLJŽĨ
ecosystems.
ĐͿ ^ƵůƚĂŶƉƵƌ 'ƌĂŵ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚ͕ ůŝŐĂŝĚ ŝƐƚƌŝĐƚ͕
Telangana, has constructed a waste management
ƐŚĞĚ ĨŽƌ ƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ǁĂƐƚĞ͕ ǁŚĞƌĞŝŶ ǁĞƚ
waste is thoroughly used to separate compost.
ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůůLJ͕ Ă ƉůĂŶƚĂƟŽŶ ĚƌŝǀĞ ŝƐ ƵŶĚĞƌǁĂLJ ƚŽ
Ɛƚ ŐƌĞĞŶĞƌLJ͕ ďLJ ƉůĂŶƟŶŐ ϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ƐĂƉůŝŶŐƐ
across the Gram Panchayat. A shared sense
of responsibility has been imbibed among the
villagers in the Gram Panchayat to maintain a clean
ĂŶĚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ďLJ ĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŶŐ ϲ ƉůĂŶƚƐ
to their households. Every house has Individual
Household Latrine (IHHL), Kitchen Garden, and
ǁĞůůͲŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶĞĚƐŽĂŬƉŝƚƐ͘dŚŝƐŚĂƐŚĞůƉĞĚ'WƚŽ
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ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞ ϭϬϬй K& ƐƚĂƚƵƐ͘ ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůůLJ͕ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ
C
S.
ƌĞƐƚŽƌĂƟŽŶŽĨĂůůŬŝŶĚƐŽĨǁĂƚĞƌ͕ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJƐŽĂŬ
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pits are constructed, and grey water is conversed
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purposes.
ĚͿ DĞĞŶĂŶŐĂĚŝ 'ƌĂŵ ƉĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚ ŝŶ <ĞƌĂůĂ͛Ɛ
Wayanad district, serves as a model to emulate
under the concept of carbon neutrality.
^ĞǀĞƌĂů ŝŶŐĞŶŝŽƵƐ ŵƵůƟͲƐĞĐƚŽƌ ƐĐŚĞŵĞƐ ǁĞƌĞ
implemented in Meenangadi to reduce its
ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ͕ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞ ŝƚƐ ĐĂƌďŽŶ ƐĞƋƵĞƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ͕
preserve its ecology and biodiversity, and
create resilience among the people. ‘Tree
Banking’ is one of such landmark schemes
introduced at Meenangadi to aid the carbon
neutral work in the Panchayat. The scheme
encourages people to plant and protect trees by
ƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐƚŚĞŵǁŝƚŚŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚͲĨƌĞĞůŽĂŶƐ͘ƌŽƵŶĚ
ϭ͕ϱϴ͕ϴϭϲ ƚƌĞĞƐ ǁĞƌĞ ƉůĂŶƚĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚ
ŝŶ ƚŚƌĞĞ LJĞĂƌƐ͘ ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůůLJ͕ ďĂŵ ƚƌĞĞƐ ǁĞƌĞ
planted on riverbanks to conserve soil and
water resources. To ensure water availability,
WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚƌĞũƵǀĞŶĂƚĞĚĞdžŝƐƟŶŐǁĂƚĞƌďŽĚŝĞƐĂŶĚ
constructed new ponds on private lands. Waste
ĂŶĚĞŶĞƌŐLJĂƵĚŝƚƐǁĞƌĞĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚĂƚϰϬϬŚŽƵƐĞƐ
in two wards of Meenangadi to improve waste
ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ ĞĸĐŝĞŶĐLJ͘  ĐŽŵƉŽƐƚ
park was established to manage biodegradable
ǁĂƐƚĞ͕ĐŽŵƉŽƐƚďŝŶƐǁĞƌĞďƵŝůƚ͕ĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐƟŶŐ
equipment was distributed throughout the
Panchayat for decentralised waste management.
 ƉůĂƐƟĐ ƐŚƌĞĚĚŝŶŐ ƵŶŝƚ ǁĂƐ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚ͕ ĂŶĚ
ƉůĂƐƟĐ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ŶŽŶͲďŝŽĚĞŐƌĂĚĂďůĞ ǁĂƐƚĞ
ǁĞƌĞĐŽůůĞĐƚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ,ĂƌŝƚŚĂ<ĂƌŵĂ^ĞŶĂ͘&Žƌ
Ăůů ŝƚƐ ĞīŽƌƚƐ͕ ƚŚĞ 'ƌĂŵ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚ ŚĂƐ ǁŽŶ ƚŚĞ
ƉƌĞƐƟŐŝŽƵƐ ĂƌďŽŶ EĞƵƚƌĂů sŝƐŚĞƐŚ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚ
WƵƌĂƐŬĂƌ ƵŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ EĂƟŽŶĂů WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚ ǁĂƌĚƐ
ŽĨ ƚŚĞ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƟ ZĂũ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĂǁĂƌĚ
LJĞĂƌ ϮϬϮϯ ĨŽƌ ŝƚƐ ǁŽƌŬ ĂŶĚ ĞīŽƌƚƐ ŽŶ ĂƩĞŶĚŝŶŐ
carbon neutrality in the Panchayat.
ĞͿ WĂůůŝ͕ Ă ƌĞŵŽƚĞ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ ŝŶ :ĂŵŵƵ ĂŶĚ <ĂƐŚŵŝƌ͕
ŚĂƐďĞĞŶƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞĚĨŽƌŝƚƐĞīŽƌƚƐĂŐĂŝŶƐƚůŝŵĂƚĞ
ŚĂŶŐĞ͘ ƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ EĂƟŽŶĂů WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƟ ZĂũ ĂLJ
ϮϬϮϮ͕ ƚŚĞ WƌŝŵĞ DŝŶŝƐƚĞƌ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞĚ ƚŚĞ 'ƌĂŵ
WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚƐƚƌŝǀŝŶŐĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶŶĞƵƚƌĂůŝƚLJ͘ŌĞƌŚŝƐ
ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ͕ ƚŚĞ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƟ ZĂũ͕ ĂůŽŶŐ
ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌƚƐ͕ ƐƚĂƚĞ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ
ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͕ďĞŐĂŶĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶƐŽŶƉƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶŽĨ
ůŽĐĂůĐůŝŵĂƚĞĂĐƟŽŶƉůĂŶĨŽƌƚŚĞ'ƌĂŵWĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚ͘
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hŶŶĂƚ ŚĂƌĂƚ ďŚŝLJĂŶ ŝŶ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ
partners like IIT Jammu, conducted surveys of over
ϳϬϬŚŽƵƐĞŚŽůĚƐŝŶWĂůůŝ'ƌĂŵWĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚ͕ƚŽĂƐƐĞƐƐ
ǁĂƐƚĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ ƵƐĞ͘ ŌĞƌ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĚĂƚĂ͕
the Jammu and Kashmir Government prepared a
ůŽĐĂůĐůŝŵĂƚĞĂĐƟŽŶƉůĂŶǁŝƚŚĂďƵĚŐĞƚŽĨZƐ͘ϭϬ͘ϭϴ
ĐƌŽƌĞ ĨƌŽŵ ϮϬϮϮͲϮϯ ƚŽ ϮϬϮϳͲϮϴ͘ dŚĞ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƟ
Raj Department of Jammu and Kashmir has
ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞĚƚŚĞƐĞŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐŝŶƚŽƚŚĞĂŶŶƵĂůƉůĂŶƐ
of relevant line departments, and the ongoing
ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĂƌĞŶŽǁĂĐƟǀĞůLJƵŶĚĞƌǁĂLJŝŶWĂůůŝ'ƌĂŵ
Panchayat. These encompass various aspects such
ĂƐ ƐŽůĂƌ ŝŶƐƚĂůůĂƟŽŶƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƐŽůĂƌ
ĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĚĞĚŝĐĂƚĞĚ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ĞīŽƌƚƐ͘ dŚĞ
:Θ< 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ĂŝŵƐ ƚŽ ƌĞƉůŝĐĂƚĞ ƚŚĞƐĞ ĞīŽƌƚƐ
in other Gram Panchayats, with the development
ŽĨĂŵŽďŝůĞĂƉƉĨŽƌĞŶĞƌŐLJĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĂƵĚŝƟŶŐĂƐ
a crucial step towards carbon neutrality in local
climate planning.
 /Ŷ WĂůůŝ 'ƌĂŵ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚ͕ ƐĞǀĞƌĂů ĞĐŽͲĨƌŝĞŶĚůLJ
ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĞĚ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ Ă
ϱϬϬͲŬŝůŽǁĂƩƐŽůĂƌƉůĂŶƚ͕ϳϵƐŽůĂƌƐƚƌĞĞƚůŝŐŚƚƐ͕ϳϱϱ
ƐŽůĂƌ ĐŽŽŬĞƌƐ ĨŽƌ ŚŽƵƐĞŚŽůĚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ
ŽĨ Ɛŝdž ĞͲƌŝĐŬƐŚĂǁƐ ĂŶĚ ŽŶĞ ĞͲďƵƐ͘ ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůůLJ͕
two solar water pumps have been installed, and
ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ĞīŽƌƚƐ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƚĞĚ ƚŚƌĞĞ ŽƵƚ ŽĨ ĮǀĞ
ƉŽŶĚƐ ǁŚŝůĞ ĐƌĞĂƟŶŐ ϯϱ ƐŽĂŬ ƉŝƚƐ ĨŽƌ ĞĸĐŝĞŶƚ
ŐƌĞLJǁĂƚĞƌŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͘dŚĞƐĞĂĐƟŽŶƐĞdžĞŵƉůŝĨLJ
ƚŚĞ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚΖƐ ĚĞĚŝĐĂƟŽŶ ƚŽ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ
ƐĞƌǀĞĂƐĂŵŽĚĞůĨŽƌŽƚŚĞƌĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘
ĨͿ dŚŝŬĞŬĂƌǁĂĚŝ 'ƌĂŵ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚ͕ :ƵŶŶĂƌ ůŽĐŬ͕
Thane, Maharashtra, was awarded Gram Urja
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Swaraj Vishesh Panchayat Puraskar under the
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EĂƟŽŶĂů WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƟ ZĂũ ǁĂƌĚƐͲϮϬϮϯ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ
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DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƟ ZĂũ͘ dŚĞ dŚŝŬĞŬĂƌǁĂĚŝ 'W
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Kurukshetra October 2023
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ďĞĐŽŵŝŶŐ ĂƌďŽŶ EĞƵƚƌĂů 'ƌĂŵ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚ
through convergence of funds.
ŐͿ ,ĂƐƵĚŝ ƵƐĂŶƉƵƌ͕ 'ƌĂŵ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚ ŽĨ
^ŝĚĚŚĂƌƚŚŶĂŐĂƌ͕ hƩĂƌ WƌĂĚĞƐŚ is yet another
Panchayat to have come forward to work towards
ĂƩĂŝŶŝŶŐ͚ĂƌďŽŶEĞƵƚƌĂůŝƚLJ͛͘dŚŝƐ'ƌĂŵWĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚ
ŚĂƐĂůƌĞĂĚLJŵĂĚĞŐŽŽĚƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝŶĂīŽƌĞƐƚĂƟŽŶ͕
ƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞĞŶĞƌŐLJŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐ;ƐŽůĂƌƐƚƌĞĞƚůŝŐŚƚƐͿ͕
ŝŶƐƚĂůůĂƟŽŶŽĨĂƐŵŽŐƚŽǁĞƌ͕ĞƚĐ͘
ĂƉĂĐŝƚLJ ƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ůĞĂŶ ĂŶĚ
Green Village
ĂƉĂĐŝƚLJ ƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ŽĨ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƟ ZĂũ /ŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ
;WZ/ƐͿŚĂƐďĞĞŶŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵĂũŽƌĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐŽĨDŽWZ͘dŚĞ ĐƵůŵŝŶĂƟŶŐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚ
DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŚĂƐďĞĞŶƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂůĂŶĚŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĂů ĐƟŽŶ WůĂŶ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŵĞ͕ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ 'ƌĂŵ
support for strengthening of PRIs including advocacy Panchayat Development Plan.
ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĨŽƌ ŝŶƚĞƌͲŵŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŝĂů ĂŶĚ ŵƵůƟͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĂů
ŽŶǀĞƌŐĞŶƚĂĐƟŽŶďLJĂůůĐŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌŝĞƐĂŶĚ
ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƟŽŶ͘
ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ ĂŵŽŶŐ ŽƚŚĞƌƐ͕ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ĞŶƚƌĂů ĂŶĚ ^ƚĂƚĞ
Revamped Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan (RGSA), 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚůĞǀĞůƐǁŝůůŐŽĂůŽŶŐǁĂLJŝŶƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐƚŚĞ
a centrally sponsored scheme aims to strengthen the ĨƵƚƵƌĞŽĨƚŚĞƉůĂŶĞƚ͘ǀĞŶƚƵĂůůLJ͕Ăůů'ƌĂŵWĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚƐͬ
ĐĂƉĂĐŝƟĞƐ ŽĨ ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ ĨŽƌ ƌƵƌĂů ůŽĐĂů ŐŽǀĞƌŶĂŶĐĞ ƚŽ ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐŶĞĞĚƚŽďĞĐŽŵĞůĞĂŶĂŶĚ'ƌĞĞŶ͕ŝĨƚŚĞ>^'Ɛ
become more responsive towards local development ĂƌĞƚŽďĞĂƩĂŝŶĞĚďLJϮϬϯϬĂŶĚƚŚĞĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐƉŽƐĞĚďLJ
ŶĞĞĚƐ͕ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚŽƌLJ ĞǀŝĚĞŶĐĞĚͲďĂƐĞĚ ƉůĂŶƐ͕ climate change are to be addressed.
ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ͕ ĂŶĚ ĞĸĐŝĞŶƚůLJ ƵƟůŝƐĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ
Under the able, strong and visionary leadership
ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ĨŽƌ ƌĞĂůŝƐŝŶŐ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ
of our Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, the
ůŽĐĂů ƉƌŽďůĞŵƐ ůŝŶŬĞĚ ƚŽ ^'Ɛ͘ ŽŶĐĞŶƚƌĂƚĞĚ ĞīŽƌƚ ŝƐ
steps taken towards making rural India green and clean
being made at the Gram Panchayat level to encourage
in almost a decade are remarkable and historic. The
ƚŚĞŵĂƟĐƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐƐ͘
ƌĞƐŽůƵƟŽŶ ŽĨ ^ǁĂĐŚŚ ŚĂƌĂƚ ƚĂŬĞŶ ďLJ ^Śƌŝ EĂƌĞŶĚƌĂ
Convergence DŽĚŝ ŽŶ 'ĂŶĚŚŝ :ĂLJĂŶƟ ŝŶ ϮϬϭϰ ďĞĐĂŵĞ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚΖƐ
 ĐŽŶǀĞƌŐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ĞīŽƌƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĂĚĞƋƵĂƚĞ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ largest social movement and a historic chapter was
ŽĨ ŵŝŶŝƐƚƌLJͬĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚĂů ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂƌŝĞƐ ŽĨ ĚƌŝŶŬŝŶŐ ǁƌŝƩĞŶŝŶĨƌĞĞŝŶŐƌƵƌĂů/ŶĚŝĂĨƌŽŵŽƉĞŶĚĞĨĞĐĂƟŽŶ͘
ǁĂƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶ͕ ŶĞǁ ĂŶĚ ƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ͕ The Government under the leadership of the
environment, forest and climate change, rural WƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŚĂƐƚĂŬĞŶƐŽŵĞŵĂũŽƌŐƌĞĞŶŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ
development, land resources, agriculture, animal during the last few years for sustainable energy
ŚƵƐďĂŶĚƌLJ͕ ĮƐŚĞƌŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƉĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƟ ƌĂũ ŝƐ ŶĞĞĚĞĚ ƚŽ development. India is among one of the few countries
ƌĞĂůŝƐĞ ƚŚĞ ŶŽďůĞ ŐŽĂů ŽĨ ůĞĂŶ ĂŶĚ 'ƌĞĞŶ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚ͘
ŐůŽďĂůůLJ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŚĂƐ ŬĞƉƚ ƚŽ ŝƚƐ WĂƌŝƐ ůŝŵĂƚĞ ŚĂŶŐĞ
/Ŷ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ ŶŽŶͲ'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂů ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶƐ͕ ĐŽůůĞŐĞ
;KWϮϭͿ ĐŽŵŵŝƚŵĞŶƚƐ ĂůŽŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶ ĞdžƉŽŶĞŶƟĂů
ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ LJŽƵƚŚ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ EĞŚƌƵ zƵǀĂŬ
increase in renewable energy capacity. The total
Kendra volunteers, etc. also need to be involved for
installed renewable energy capacity in India, excluding
ĨĂƐƚĞƌƌĞĂůŝƐĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŐŽĂů͘
ůĂƌŐĞŚLJĚƌŽ͕ŚĂƐĐƌŽƐƐĞĚƚŚĞŵŝůĞͲƐƚŽŶĞŽĨϭϬϬ't͘/ŶĚŝĂ
dŚĞ ^ƚĂƚĞ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƟ ZĂũ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ stands at 4thƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝŶƚĞƌŵƐŽĨŝŶƐƚĂůůĞĚ
O

ĞŶƐƵƌĞĂĐƟǀŝƚLJĂŶĚƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞŵĂƉƉŝŶŐĂƌĞƵŶĚĞƌƚĂŬĞŶ͕ renewable energy capacity, 5th in solar and 4th in wind in

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factoring in the resources available under various ƚĞƌŵƐŽĨŝŶƐƚĂůůĞĚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJ͘KƵƌƌƵƌĂůĂƌĞĂƐŚĂǀĞŵĂĚĞĂ

TE

ƐĐŚĞŵĞƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĞŶƚƌĂů ĂŶĚ ^ƚĂƚĞ 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶƚŽƚŚŝƐŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ͘ ‰

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11
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Kurukshetra October 2023

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 Preserving the
Green Cover
of Indian Villages

India has the privilege of living the heritage of village systems where vernacular systems
are a part of the cultural identity of village settlements, the essence of rich diversity.
The role of architecture is critical in organising the jigsaw of physical built form as a
sustainable village community. Villages are a potential opportunity for niche tourism
opportunities where ‘green cover’ is a novelty for urban life.

T
Prof. Virendra Kumar Paul

ŚĞŝĚĞŶƟƚLJŽĨǀŝůůĂŐĞƐŝƐĐĞŶƚƌĂůƚŽƚŚĞ accommodate private vehicles, spillover parking and

ŝĚĞŶƟƚLJ ŽĨ /ŶĚŝĂ͘ sŝůůĂŐĞƐ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ
the primary unit of Indian society.
,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ŝŶ ƌĞĐĞŶƚ ƟŵĞƐ͕ ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ ĂƌĞ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐůLJ
ĞŵƵůĂƟŶŐƵƌďĂŶůŝĨĞƐƚLJůĞƐĂŶĚƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵŝŶŐƚŚĞŝƌďƵŝůƚ
ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƚŽƌĞŇĞĐƚƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĂƐƉŝƌĂƟŽŶ͘ŽŶĐƌĞƟƐĞĚ
ƐƚƌĞĞƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĞdžƉĂŶĚŝŶŐ ŚŝƚŚĞƌƚŽ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ĂĂŶŐĂŶ
ĂƐ ĞŵďĞůůŝƐŚĞĚ ƉĂůĂƟĂů ĨŽƌĞĐŽƵƌƚƐ ĂƌĞ ĞŵĞƌŐŝŶŐ ĂƐ
ĐŽŶŐĞƐƟŽŶ ĂƌĞ ŶŽǁ ĐŽŶƐƵŵŝŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĐŽǀĞƌ ĂƐ ĂŶ
ŽďǀŝŽƵƐ ŶĞĞĚ͘ sŝůůĂŐĞ ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚƐ ĂƌĞ ǁŝƚŶĞƐƐŝŶŐ Ă
ƚƌĂũĞĐƚŽƌLJ ŽĨ ƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ĂƐ ƵŶĐŽŶƚƌŽůůĞĚ ƵƌďĂŶ
ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚƐ͘ dŚĞ ŶŽƟŽŶ ŽĨ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ ŝƐ͕ ŝŶ ĞīĞĐƚ͕ Ăƚ ƌŝƐŬ
ŽĨ ďĞŝŶŐ ĐŽŶĮŶĞĚ ƚŽ ƌĞǀĞŶƵĞ ƌĞĐŽƌĚƐ ĂŶĚ ŝƚƐ ƉŚLJƐŝĐĂů
ŵĂŶŝĨĞƐƚĂƟŽŶďĞĐŽŵŝŶŐĂŬŝŶƚŽĂŵŝĐƌŽͲǁĂůůĞĚĐŝƚLJŽĨ
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ƐLJŵďŽůƐŽĨŶĞǁͲĂŐĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘tŚŝůĞŝƚŝƐďĞĐŽŵŝŶŐ ĂŶĞǀĞŶƚƵĂůƚŽǁŶ͘^ŽŵĞŽŌĞŶĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐĞƚŚŝƐĂƐƚŚĞ
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increasingly necessary for small village streets to ͚ŽƌŐĂŶŝĐŐƌŽǁƚŚ͛ŽĨƵƌďĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ͘

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dŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƐWƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ͕ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵŝůĚŝŶŐŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐĂŶĚDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ^ĐŚŽŽůŽĨWůĂŶŶŝŶŐĂŶĚƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞ͕ĞůŚŝ͘
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ŵĂŝů͗ǀŬ͘ƉĂƵůΛƐƉĂ͘ĂĐ͘ŝŶ
12 Kurukshetra October 2023
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 dŚĞƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶŽĨĂǀŝůůĂŐĞĂƐĂŚƵŵĂŶŚĂďŝƚĂƚŝŶ
the countryside, synonymous with green openness and
surrounded by farmland, is under threat. As a living
ŚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞŽĨ/ŶĚŝĂŶƐŽĐŝŽͲĐƵůƚƵƌĂůƌŝĐŚŶĞƐƐ͕ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐŵƵƐƚ
ĂŶĐŚŽƌ /ŶĚŝĂŶ ǀĂůƵĞƐ ŝŶŚĞƌŝƚĞĚ ƐŝŶĐĞ ĂŶĐŝĞŶƚ ƟŵĞƐ͘
dŚĞ ƌĞůĞǀĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ ŝƐ ĐƌŝƟĐĂů ƚŽ ǁŚĂƚ ͚ŚĂƌĂƚ͛ ŝƐ
ŬŶŽǁŶ ĨŽƌ͘ ĂŶ ƉƌĞƐĞƌǀŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĐŽǀĞƌ ŽĨ /ŶĚŝĂŶ
ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐďĞĂƚŚĞŵĞĨŽƌĂǀĂƌŝĞƚLJŽĨŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ͕ŝŶǀŽůǀŝŶŐ
ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ ƚŽ ŵĂƌŬ ƚŚĞ
ƌĞǀŝǀĂůŽĨǀŝůůĂŐĞƐŝŶƚŚĞsŝŬƐŝƚŚĂƌĂƚƉĂƌĂĚŝŐŵŽĨϮϬϰϳ͍
/ŶŝƚƐƌĞƐŽůǀĞƚŽŵŝƟŐĂƚĞƚŚĞĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ
ŽĨ ƚŚĞ Ϯϭst century, the Government, through SDG
ŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵƐ͕ ŝƐ ĂůƌĞĂĚLJ ƐĞŝnjĞĚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ
ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ͘dŚĞŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞŽĨƚŚĞ>ŽĐĂů/ŶĚŝĐĂƚŽƌ&ƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ
;>/&Ϳ ĂŝŵƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ ƚƌĂĐƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ 'ƌĂŵ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚƐ
ǁŚĞƌĞ͚ůĞĂŶĂŶĚ'ƌĞĞŶsŝůůĂŐĞƐ͛ŝƐŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƐ͘
ƌĞĂƟŶŐ ƉĂƚŚǁĂLJƐ ƚŚĂƚ ůĞĂĚƐ ƚŽ ƚĂŶŐŝďůĞ ŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƐ
ƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĂƟĐ>/&ŽĨ͚ĐůĞĂŶĂŶĚŐƌĞĞŶǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ͕͛ŝƐ
ĂŶ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ƐƚĞƉ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƟŶƵĂů ĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ
ŽĨĞīŽƌƚƐŝƐĂĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƚŽĞŶƐƵƌĞĞīĞĐƟǀĞŶĞƐƐĂƚƚŚĞ
ŐƌĂƐƐƌŽŽƚƐůĞǀĞů͘DŽƟǀĂƟŽŶĂŶĚŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀŝƚLJĂƌĞƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ
intangible layers where embracing ‘green’ culture is
crucial. Hence, can the heritage of ‘living with nature’
in Indian villages be the fountainhead of contemporary
ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐ ŽĨ ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͍ dŚĞ ĂƌƟĐůĞ ĚĞůǀĞƐ
into the challenges of ‘greening villages’ to explore
complementary pathways for strengthening the ‘village
system’ for posterity.
dŚĞdŽƉͲĚŽǁŶ&ĂĐŝůŝƚĂƟŽŶ
&ƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞ ŽĨ Ă ƚŽƉͲĚŽǁŶ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ͕
Ϯϳϴ͕ϬϬϬ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƟ ZĂũ /ŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ ;WZ/ƐͿ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ
ŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞĚ ďLJ ƚŚĞ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƟ ZĂũ ;DŽWZͿ
ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚŚĞ ƌĞǀŝƐĞĚ ZĂƐŚƚƌŝLJĂ 'ƌĂŵ ^ǁĂƌĂũ zŽũĂŶĂ
;Z'^zͿ ƚŽ ĐĂƌƌLJ ŽƵƚ Ă ƐĞƚ ŽĨ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŐŽĂůƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ
hŶŝƚĞĚ EĂƟŽŶƐ ŚĂƐ ĚĞĞŵĞĚ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ĨŽƌ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ
development. Budgetary support makes the intent
of the Government explicit by empowering PRI to
ƵŶĚĞƌƚĂŬĞĂĐƟŽŶƐƚŽǁĂƌĚƐƚĂŶŐŝďůĞŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƐ͘
/ŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐůLJ͕ ƚŚĞ >ŽĐĂů /ŶĚŝĐĂƚŽƌ &ƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ ;>/&Ϳ
is comprehensive and also includes other themes, such
ĂƐ ƉŽǀĞƌƚLJͲĨƌĞĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞĚ ůŝǀĞůŝŚŽŽĚƐ͖ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ
ŚĞĂůƚŚ͖ ĐŚŝůĚͲĨƌŝĞŶĚůŝŶĞƐƐ͖ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƐƵĸĐŝĞŶĐLJ͖ ƐĞůĨͲ
ƐƵĸĐŝĞŶƚ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ͖ ƐŽĐŝĂůůLJ ƐĞĐƵƌĞĚ ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚƐ͖
good governance; and engendered development. Since
these indicators are mutually inclusive, actors engaged
ǁŝƚŚ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ ĂƌĞ ĞdžƉĞĐƚĞĚ ƚŽ ĂƉƉƌĞĐŝĂƚĞ
ƚŚĞŝƌ ŝŶƚĞƌƌĞůĂƚĞĚŶĞƐƐ͘ &Žƌ ŝŶƐƚĂŶĐĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĂŶŐŝďůĞ
Kurukshetra October 2023
layer of engagement must recognise that green cover
contributes to livelihoods. Similarly, health and green
ĐŽǀĞƌĂƌĞŝŶƐĞƉĂƌĂďůĞ͘dŽďĞǁĂƚĞƌͲƐƵĸĐŝĞŶƚ͕ƚŚĞŐƌĞĞŶ
cover is a necessity, and so on.
dŚĞ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ ŽĨ dŝůŽŶŝĂ͕ ZĂũĂƐƚŚĂŶ͕ ŝƐ
ĂŶ ŝŶƐƉŝƌĂƟŽŶĂů ĞdžĂŵƉůĞ ŽĨ ĂŶ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ
model to revive the essence of a village.
dŝůŽŶŝĂǁĂƐƌĞƐƵƐĐŝƚĂƚĞĚďLJ^ĂŶũŝƚ͚ƵŶŬĞƌ͛
ZŽLJ͕ Ă ƐŽĐŝĂů ĂĐƟǀŝƐƚ ǁŚŽ ĞŵƉůŽLJĞĚ
ŝŶĚŝŐĞŶŽƵƐĂŶĚƟŵĞͲŚŽŶŽƵƌĞĚƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐ
to bring into the village healthcare, green
ƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐ͕ ƐŽůĂƌ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ͕ ĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ͕ ǁĂƚĞƌ͕
ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ͕ ŝŶĐŽŵĞ
ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ͕ ǁĂƐƚĞůĂŶĚ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕
ǁŽŵĞŶ ĞŵƉŽǁĞƌŵĞŶƚ͕ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ
of green ecological systems.
It is apparent that the expected outcomes are
measurable, but the approach must recognise that
ƚŚĞ ƉĂƚŚǁĂLJƐ ĨŽƌ ĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐ ŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƐ ĂƌĞ ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟǀĞ
ĂŶĚŝƚĞƌĂƟǀĞ͘/ŶƚŚŝƐƌĞƐƉĞĐƚ͕ƚŚĞĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨǀŝůůĂŐĞƐŝŶ
India is a strength, wherein it is possible that challenges
faced in one experience may be a driving strategy for
success. Thus, sharing emerging success stories would
ďĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĨŽƌĐŽŶƟŶƵĂůůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĂŶĚĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ͘
EĂƌƌĂƟǀĞĨŽƌŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚǁŝƚŚsŝůůĂŐĞŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ
Unlike many other indicators, trees mature over
Ă ůŽŶŐ ƉĞƌŝŽĚ ŽĨ ƟŵĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞLJ ŚĂǀĞ Ă ĐLJĐůĞ ŽĨ ĂŐŝŶŐ͘
ǀĞŶƚƵĂůůLJ͕ ƚŚĞLJ ǁŽƵůĚ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞ ƟŵĞůLJ ƌĞƉůĂĐĞŵĞŶƚ͕
ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůLJƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂŶĂƚƵƌĂůƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͘&ŽƌĨŽƌĞƐƚĂƟŽŶƚŽ
ďĞĞīĞĐƟǀĞ͕ƚŚĞĞīŽƌƚƐŶĞĞĚƚŽďĞĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶƚ͕ŽŶŐŽŝŶŐ͕
ĂŶĚ ůŽŶŐͲƚĞƌŵ͘ dŚĞ ĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĨŽƌ ƉƌŽŵŽƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ
ƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĐŽǀĞƌ ŵƵƐƚ ĐƵƚ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ Ăůů ĂŐĞ
groups of village society. A child today will carry the
ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ͕ƚŚĞƐĂŶƐŬĂƌƚŽƚŚĞŶĞdžƚŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŝƐ
ĐƌŝƟĐĂůƚŽƚŚĞŝŶƚĂŶŐŝďůĞůĂLJĞƌŽĨƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJ͘&ŽƌŝŶƐƚĂŶĐĞ͕
ƚŚĞŚŝƉŬŽŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚŵƵƐƚďĞĂƐƚŽƌLJƚŚĂƚŽŶĞƐŚŽƵůĚ
grow up with as a child. Therefore, as schemes permeate
ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŐƌĂƐƐƌŽŽƚƐ ůĞǀĞů ĂŶĚ ĂĐƟŽŶƐ ďĞĂƌ ĨƌƵŝƟŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞ
ĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚŽĨǀŝůůĂŐĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞĚ
awareness campaigns must commence simultaneously,
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recognising the centrality of preserving green cover.
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S.
^ŝŵŝůĂƌůLJ͕ ƚŚĞ /ŶĚŝĂŶ ĞĚĂƌ͕ Žƌ ĞŽĚĂƌ ŝƐ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ
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sacred, deriving its name from Sanskrit as deva meaning
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'ŽĚĂŶĚĚĂƌƵŵĞĂŶŝŶŐƚƌĞĞ͕ƚŚƵƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚƚŽƌĞŇĞĐƚ
͚ƚƌĞĞŽĨ'ŽĚ͛͘ƵůƚƵƌĂůďŽŶĚƐǁŝůůďĞĨĂƌŵŽƌĞĞīĞĐƟǀĞ
ŝŶƉƌĞƐĞƌǀŝŶŐŐƌĞĞŶĐŽǀĞƌǁŚĞŶƚŚĞŶĂƌƌĂƟǀĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ
the exclusive use of revered Deodar in Hindu temples.
It is ironic that the medicinal values of trees and
ƚŚĞŝƌ ƌŽůĞ ŝŶ ůŝĨĞ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ŽǀĞƌůŽŽŬĞĚ͘ &ŽƌƚƵŶĂƚĞůLJ͕
ƚŚĞƌĞĐĞŶƚĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐŽĨƚŚĞ'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽŶĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞ
ŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ĚŽǀĞƚĂŝůĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ŶĂƌƌĂƟǀĞ ƚŽ
emphasise the need for ‘living with nature’. The Ministry
ŽĨzh^,ŚĂƐĂůƌĞĂĚLJĨŽƌŵĂůŝƐĞĚĂŶĞĐŽͲƐLJƐƚĞŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶ
be a catalyst for the village economy. The statement of
the Prime Minister, “India is a treasure trove of herbal
plants, it is, in a way, our Green Gold” is explicit and the
'ŽůĚDŝŶĞŝƐƚŚĞ͚ŐƌĞĞŶǀŝůůĂŐĞ͛ƚŚĂƚǁŝůůĐƌĞĂƚĞLJƵƌǀĞĚĂͲ
based livelihoods and bring focus back to the villages
ŽŶĐĞĂŐĂŝŶ͘dŚƵƐ͕͚ŐƌĞĞŶǀŝůůĂŐĞΖŝƐĂŶĂůůͲĞŶĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŶŐ
ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĨŽƌƚŚĞƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŽĨǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ
in the development paradigm.
^ŽƵƌĐŝŶŐŽĨ>ŽĐĂůDĂƚĞƌŝĂůĨŽƌƚŚĞŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ
The concept of ‘clean and green villages’ needs
ĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƵĂůŝƐĂƟŽŶ͘ dŚĞ ŶŽƟŽŶ ŽĨ Ă ŐƌĞĞŶ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ ŝƐ
ŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŝĚĞĂ ŽĨ ƵƐŝŶŐ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐ
ƚŚĂƚĂƌĞĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůůLJĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞ͘dŚĞƉƌĂĐƟĐĞŽĨ
ƐŽƵƌĐŝŶŐŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐŽǀĞƌůŽŶŐĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞƐďLJƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ
ŝƐĂƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚŽƌƚŽĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ͘
/ƚĐŽŶŇŝĐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞŶƚǁŝŶĞĚŽďũĞĐƟǀĞŽĨĂƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ
village ‘system’. Employing technologies and materials
that are not local will eventually create an irreversible,
ĚŝƐĂƐƚƌŽƵƐ ďƵƌĚĞŶ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ĞŶĚͲŽĨͲůŝĨĞ ƐƚĂŐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ŶŽ
environmentally sound disposal mechanism in the
countryside. Most of the industrially manufactured
materials do not have locally viable recycling
ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ͘KŶƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌŚĂŶĚ͕ůŽĐĂůŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐŚĂǀĞ
ŶŽĐŽŶƐĞƋƵĞŶĐĞŽĨĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂǀĞ
a natural process of recycling. Bamboo has always
ďĞĞŶƵƐĞĚĂƐĂĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƚŚĂƚŝƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ
ůŽĐĂůůLJ͕ ĐĂŶ ďĞƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƉůĂŶŶĞĚ ƉůĂŶƚĂƟŽŶ͕
ĂŶĚ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞdžĐĞůůĞŶƚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĐŽǀĞƌ ƐŽůƵƟŽŶ͘ tŚŝůĞ ƚŚĞ
main bamboo trunk is a great structural material, its
ƚǁŝŐƐŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶƵƐĞĚĂƐŝŶƐƵůĂƟŽŶǁŚĞŶŵŝdžĞĚǁŝƚŚ
mud.
 ŶƵŵďĞƌ ŽĨ ŝŶŶŽǀĂƟǀĞ ĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƐ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ
ƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐĐůĂLJ͕ŵƵĚ͕ƐƚŽŶĞƐ͕ŐƌĂƐƐĞƐ͕ůĞĂǀĞƐ͕ďĂŵ͕
ĂŶĚ ǁŽŽĚ ĂƐ ǀŝĂďůĞ ĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞƐ ĨŽƌ ǁĂůůƐ ĂŶĚ ƌŽŽĨƐ͘
>ŽĐĂůůLJ ƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐ ĂƌĞ ƚŚĞ ŵŽƐƚ ĂĞƐƚŚĞƟĐĂůůLJ
ĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ ƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐ͘ dŚĞLJ ŶŽƚ ŽŶůLJ ŵĂƚĐŚ
the local context of topography and geography; they
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ŚĂǀĞ ƉƌŽǀĞŶ ƚŽ ďĞ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞ ŝŶ ĐůŝŵĂƟĐ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ͘
Industrialised materials, such as concrete and masonry
ďůŽĐŬƐ͕ ŚĂǀĞ ŚŝŐŚĞƌ ŚĞĂƚ ĂďƐŽƌƉƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ďƵŝůƚ
ŵĂƐƐ ĐƌĞĂƚĞƐ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚůLJ ǁĂƌŵĞƌ ĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐ͘ Ɛ Ă
result, comfort needs lead to the use of appliances,
ƐƵĐŚĂƐĐŽŽůĞƌƐ͕ĨĂŶƐ͕ĂŶĚĂŝƌĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶĞƌƐ͕ŶĞĐĞƐƐŝƚĂƟŶŐ
ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚ ĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶĐĞ ŽŶ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ͘ KŶ ƚŚĞ ŽƚŚĞƌ ŚĂŶĚ͕
ůŽĐĂů ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐ ŚĂǀĞ ŝŶƐƵůĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŚĞĂƚ ĂďƐŽƌƉƟŽŶ
ƉƌŽƉĞƌƟĞƐ͕ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƚŚĞƌŵĂůŵĂƐƐ͕ĂŶĚĞŶƐƵƌĞĐŽŵĨŽƌƚ
ĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐŝŶĚŽŽƌƐ͘
sŝůůĂŐĞƐŝŶ>ĂĚĂŬŚ͕ZĂũĂƐƚŚĂŶ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞ
Himalayan regions have always resorted to
locally sourced material technologies with
ŵŝŶŝŵĂůĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĞĞĚƐ͘/ƚŝƐŝŵƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƚŚĂƚ
the value of local materials be promoted
ĂŶĚƐŚŽǁĐĂƐĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶŽĨ
ůŽĐĂů ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂů ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ ǁŝƐĚŽŵ ĂŶĚ
the use of local material in contemporary
ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ͘
/Ŷ ,ŝŵĂĐŚĂů͕ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌŬƐ ŽĨ ŝĚŝ ŽŶƚƌĂĐƚŽƌ͕
a German woman having no formal professional
ĞĚƵĐĂƚŝŽŶ͕ ĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ ĞĐŽͲĨƌŝĞŶĚůLJ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ͕ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ
enthusiasm amongst the people to embrace
ůŽĐĂů ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůͲďĂƐĞĚ ĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƐƉŝƌĞĚ
enterprising architects to innovate local solutions.
Similarly, Laurie Baker, Padam Shri awardee, created
ĐŽŶƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌLJ͕ ĐŽƐƚͲĞĨĨĞĐƚŝǀĞ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ͕ ƌĞǀŝǀŝŶŐ
regional building practices and local materials. Also
known as the ‘Gandhi of Architecture’, Baker believed
that indigenous architecture and methods were
the only viable means to deal with local problems.
ĂƌƌLJŝŶŐĨŽƌǁĂƌĚƚŚĞůĞŐĂĐLJŽĨ>ĂƵƌŝĞĂŬĞƌ͕ĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚ
Dr. G. Shankar, another Padma Shri awardee,
ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚĞĚŶƵŵĞƌŽƵƐŵĂƐƐͲŚŽƵƐŝŶŐďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐǁŝƚŚĂ
focus on locally available materials. According to Dr.
Shankar, ‘...Local materials and resources are critical
components of sustainable development. With local
material comes utilising local capacities to build the
structure…Any material that does not fit this mould is
unacceptable’. There is an ample body of knowledge
about the use of local materials in construction
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and adequate experience to learn from. Efforts are
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ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƵƉƐĐĂůĞƚŚĞĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƚŽƌĞǀŝǀĞǀŝůůĂŐĞͲ
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centric sustainable development.
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Sustainable Architecture
ŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ůŽĐĂů ƐŽƵƌĐŝŶŐ ŽĨ ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐ ŝƐ
the wider issue of sustainable architecture for villages,
ǁŚĞƌĞ͚ŐƌĞĞŶ͛ŝƐƚŚĞƐƵďƐƵŵĞĚďŝŶĚŝŶŐƚŚƌĞĂĚ͘KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞ
reasons for the village people to embrace the building
ĚĞƐŝŐŶƐƉƌĞǀĂŝůŝŶŐŝŶƚŽǁŶƐŝƐƚŚĞŝƌŝŶŶĂƚĞĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ
ĂƐƉŝƌĂƟŽŶ͘ Ɛ Ă ƌĞƐƵůƚ͕ ŽŶĞ ƉĞƌĐĞŝǀĞƐ ͚ƚŽǁŶ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ
designs’ using industrialised materials as a symbol of
ƉƌŽƐƉĞƌŝƚLJ͘ dŚĞ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ ŽĨ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ ŝŶ ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ͕
ǁŚĞƚŚĞƌ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůƐ Žƌ ŽƚŚĞƌǁŝƐĞ͛ ŝƐ ǁŝůůLJͲ
ŶŝůůLJ͕ ƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐ ĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƵĂůůLJ ŝƌƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚ ĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞ͘
/ƚŝƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƚŽĐƌĞĂƚĞĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĂůĚĞƐŝŐŶƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐ
ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŚĂǀĞ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ ƋƵĂůŝƚLJ
and employ locally inspired design elements, such
ĂƐ ŵŽƟĨƐ ĂŶĚ ĐĂƌǀŝŶŐƐ͘ dŚŝƐ ŚĂƐ ƚŚĞ ƚǁŝŶ ŽďũĞĐƟǀĞ ŽĨ
ĞŵƉŽǁĞƌŝŶŐůŽĐĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƋƵĂůŝƚLJĚĞƐŝŐŶƐ
ĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƉƌŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞůŽĐĂůĚĞƐŝŐŶ
ĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐ͘dŚĞƌŽůĞŽĨǀŝůůĂŐĞĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞŝŶĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŶŐ
locally sourced materials and delivering quality building
designs is indeed challenging. This should herald a
ĐŽŶƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌLJƐƉĞĐŝĂůŝƐĂƟŽŶŝŶƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞ͕
where the patron to be served is the village community.
tŚŝůĞŝƚŝƐĐĞŶƚƌĂůƚŽĐƌĞĂƟŶŐƉƌŝĚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚŝŶǀŝůůĂŐĞ
ƐĞƫŶŐƐ͕ ŝƚ ŶĞĞĚƐ ƚŽ ďƌĞĂŬ ƚŚĞ ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂů ĮŶĂŶĐŝĂůůLJ
ƌĞǁĂƌĚŝŶŐĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞƉƌĂĐƟĐĞŵŽĚĞů͘
Besides, there is also a need for a paradigm
ƐŚŝŌ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůƐ
for an understanding of village challenges in the
ĐŽŶƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌLJ ĂƐƉŝƌĂƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ Ϯϭst century. Be it
ƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶ͕ǁĂƚĞƌĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͕ƚŚĞƌŵĂůĐŽŵĨŽƌƚŝƐƐƵĞƐ͕
Žƌ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞ ǀĞŶƟůĂƟŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞ ŝŶŶŽǀĂƟŽŶƐ ĂƌĞ ƌĂƚŚĞƌ ĨĂƌ
and few. If the built environment of the village has to
ďĞ ŵĂĚĞ ĂƩƌĂĐƟǀĞ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ŶĞdžƚ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ͕ ƉƌŽĂĐƟǀĞ
ĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĂů ŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐ ĂƌĞ ĐƌŝƟĐĂů ƚŽ ƌĞǀĞƌƐĞ ƚŚĞ
ƉƌĞĨĞƌĞŶƟĂů ͚ƚŽǁŶͲďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞ͛͘ dŚĞ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶ
ŝƐǁŚĞƚŚĞƌǁĞŚĂǀĞƚŚĞŚŽůŝƐƟĐƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĂůŝŐŶĞĚ͘
Minimum Damage to the Green Cover
ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶŝƐĂŶŝŶĞǀŝƚĂďůĞƌĞĂůŝƚLJĂŶĚĐƌŝƟĐĂůƚŽ
the survival of green cover. Human habitat needs have
codal provisions that prescribe minimum space for
ŚĂďŝƚĂƟŽŶ͖ŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞŶŽŐƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐĨŽƌƚƌĞĞƐƚŚĂƚ
ensure their roots would grow healthy, have access to
nutrients through exposed ground cover, receive water,
ŚĂǀĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽƚŚĞƐƵŶůŝŐŚƚ͕ĂŶĚŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶƟŵĞůLJƐĞĞĚŝŶŐ
for natural replacement upon aging. Unnecessary
ĐŽŶĐƌĞƟƐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƉĂǀŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŵĂƐŽŶƌLJ ďŽƵŶĚĂƌLJ ǁĂůůƐ
creates built mass detrimental to green cover and
Kurukshetra October 2023
recharge of groundwater sources. In fact, groundwater
ŝƐĞƐƐĞŶƟĂůĨŽƌƚŚĞĞĐŽƐLJƐƚĞŵ͘dŽŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶŐƌŽƵŶĚǁĂƚĞƌ͕
ŐƌĞĞŶĐŽǀĞƌƉůĂLJƐĂƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚƌŽůĞŝŶƐƚĂďŝůŝƐŝŶŐƌĂŝŶĨĂůů
ƉĂƩĞƌŶƐ͕ƉƌĞǀĞŶƟŶŐƌƵŶŽī͕ĐŽŶƚƌŽůůŝŶŐƐƵƌŐĞƐŽĨĚƌĂŝŶƐ
ĂŶĚƌŝǀƵůĞƚƐ͕ŬĞĞƉŝŶŐƐŽŝůŚĞĂůƚŚLJĂŶĚŵŝĐƌŽͲŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐ
ĂĐƟǀĞĨŽƌƚŚĞƌŝĐŚĞĐŽƐLJƐƚĞŵ͘dŚĞƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůƉƌĂĐƟĐĞŽĨ
drawing groundwater for daily usage maintained a cycle
ŽĨ ǁĂƚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐ ĮůƚĞƌĞĚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƌŝĐŚ
in minerals as it percolates through rocks, rendering
ŝƚ Įƚ ĨŽƌ ĚĂŝůLJ ƵƐĞ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĞĞ ŽĨ ĐŽŶƚĂŵŝŶĂƟŽŶ ŝŶ ŵŽƐƚ
ĐĂƐĞƐ͘ŽŶƐĞƌǀŝŶŐƐƵĐŚƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐǁŝůůĂĐĐƌƵĞ
ŵƵůƟƉůĞďĞŶĞĮƚƐ͘
It is also important to emphasise that green
ĐŽǀĞƌ ŝƐ ŶŽƚ ũƵƐƚ ƚƌĞĞƐ Žƌ ƉůĂŶƚĂƟŽŶ͘ 'ƌĞĞŶ ĐŽǀĞƌ ŝƐ Ă
ŚŝĞƌĂƌĐŚLJŽĨƚƌĞĞƐĂŶĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐŇŽƌĂǀĂƌŝĞƟĞƐƐƉĞĐŝĮĐ
ƚŽ Ă ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ ƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘ ŶĚ͕ ŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ ĐŽŵƉůĞdž ďĂůĂŶĐĞ͕
ĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞŝƐĞƐƐĞŶƟĂůůLJĂŚƵŵĂŶŶĞĞĚƚŚĂƚŵƵƐƚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚ
its limits. Any disturbance of this balance is a recipe for
disaster, and recent incidents of subsistence in Himachal
ĂŶĚhƩĂƌĂŬŚĂŶĚĂŵƉůLJĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞƚŚŝƐƉŚĞŶŽŵĞŶĂů
error. If only the dictum of minimum damage to the
green cover had been taken as gospel truth, the
ƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶ ǁŽƵůĚ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ĨĂƌ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ͘ sŝůůĂŐĞ ůŝĨĞ ŝƐ
ĂǀĞƌLJƐĞŶƐŝƟǀĞŵŽĚĞůŽĨůŝǀŝŶŐĂŶĚƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJ
ĐĂƌĞĨƵů ĂŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐ ŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐ͘ &ŽƌƚƵŶĂƚĞůLJ͕
ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂů /ŶĚŝĂŶ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ŚĂƐ͕ ƐŝŶĐĞ ĂŶĐŝĞŶƚ ƟŵĞƐ͕
had the wisdom to deal with human habitat challenges.
/ƚ ŝƐ ƟŵĞ ƚŽ ƌĞĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƵĂůŝƐĞ ƚŚĞ ƐĂŵĞ
knowledge system.
tĂLJ&ŽƌǁĂƌĚ
In essence, village is the premise of ‘living with
ŶĂƚƵƌĞ͛͘ &ŽůŬ ůŝĨĞ ŚĂƐ ƌĞǀŽůǀĞĚ ĂƌŽƵŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŶĂƌƌĂƟǀĞ ŽĨ
:ĂůͲ:ĂŶŐĂůͲ:ĂŵŝŶ͘ /ŶĚŝĂ ŚĂƐ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŝǀŝůĞŐĞ ŽĨ ůŝǀŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ
heritage of village systems where vernacular systems
ĂƌĞĂƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞĐƵůƚƵƌĂůŝĚĞŶƟƚLJŽĨǀŝůůĂŐĞƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚƐ͕
the essence of rich diversity. The role of architecture is
ĐƌŝƟĐĂůŝŶŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŝŶŐƚŚĞũŝŐƐĂǁŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůďƵŝůƚĨŽƌŵĂƐ
ĂƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞǀŝůůĂŐĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ͘sŝůůĂŐĞƐĂƌĞĂƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů
ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚLJ ĨŽƌ ŶŝĐŚĞ ƚŽƵƌŝƐŵ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ ǁŚĞƌĞ
‘green cover’ is a novelty for urban life. The roadmap for
ƉƌĞƐĞƌǀŝŶŐƚŚĞŐƌĞĞŶĐŽǀĞƌŵƵƐƚĞŵďƌĂĐĞƌĞǀŝƚĂůŝƐĂƟŽŶ
of biodiversity and revisit principles of physical
growth, taking ‘green' as its principal stake. Access to
ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞƐ ŝŵƉĂƌƟŶŐ ŵŽĚĞƌŶ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ
O
ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂů /ŶĚŝĂŶ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚƐ ŝƐ
C
S.
ǀŝƚĂůĨŽƌƚŚĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐƚŽďĞĂĐƟǀĞƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐŝŶƚŚĞ
TE
ƌĞǀŝƚĂůŝƐĂƟŽŶũŽƵƌŶĞLJ͘ ‰
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 Calcium is a crucial nutrient for
building and maintaining strong bones
and teeth, and it is often associated
with dairy products. There are several
plant-based sources of calcium that
can be easily incorporated into a
vegetarian Indian diet.

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 Integrated Solar Village
Scheme for
Inclusive Development

States need to conceptualise an integrated solar village development scheme to leverage

the opportunity provided by solar for the overall economic development of the rural economy.
The scheme will aim to improve the reliability and quality of power supply, boost rural
income, strengthen education and health services, and provide employment opportunities
by integrating solar in the rural economy.

I
*
Bhawna Tyagi
**
Aryadipta Jena
***
Mukesh Prasad

ŶĚŝĂ͛Ɛ ƵƉĚĂƚĞĚ EĂƟŽŶĂůůLJ ĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞĚ
ŽŵŵŝƚŵĞŶƚƐ ;EƐͿ ƚŽ ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞ ƚŚĞ ŶĞƚͲ
njĞƌŽ ŐŽĂů ďLJ ϮϬϳϬ ĨŽĐƵƐ ŽŶ ƵŶĚĞƌƚĂŬŝŶŐ
Ă ĐŝƟnjĞŶͲĐĞŶƚƌŝĐ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ƚŽ ĐŽŵďĂƚ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ
while achieving sustainable development goals. This
is a crucial development to ensure the clean energy
ƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶ ŝƐ ũƵƐƚ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀĞ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ
playing a key role. But rural India is not behind in this
ƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶ͘ /Ŷ ĨĂĐƚ͕ ŝƚ ŽīĞƌƐ ƚƌĞŵĞŶĚŽƵƐ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ
ǁŚĞŶŝƚĐŽŵĞƐƚŽƚŚĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶĂŶĚƵƐĞŽĨƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞ
ĞŶĞƌŐLJ͕ ďŽƚŚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƌŽŽŌŽƉ ƐŽůĂƌ ƉĂŶĞůƐ ĂŶĚ
ĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞĞŶĞƌŐLJĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ͘^ŽŵĞƐƚĂƚĞƐ
ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ ŚĂǀĞ ĂƩĞŵƉƚĞĚ ƚŚĞ ŝĚĞĂ ŽĨ ƐŽůĂƌŝƐŝŶŐ
villages, such as Modhera in Gujarat, Dharnai in Bihar,
ĂŶĚ ĂƌĂƉŝƚŚĂ ŝŶ KĚŝƐŚĂ͘ dŚŝƐ ŶŽƚ ŽŶůLJ ŚĞůƉƐ ƌƵƌĂů
ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ ďLJ ĞŶĂďůŝŶŐ ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƐĐŚŽŽůƐ
ĂŶĚŚĞĂůƚŚĐĞŶƚƌĞƐƚŽƌƵŶǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĚŝƐƌƵƉƟŽŶ͘
Solar energy helps to provide cheap and reliable
ƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞƉŽǁĞƌƚŽƌƵƌĂůŚŽƵƐĞŚŽůĚƐŝŶĂĐŽƐƚͲĞīĞĐƟǀĞ
way and helps discoms reduce power procurement
ĐŽƐƚƐ͕ ƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ůŽƐƐĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ
network upgrade costs, among others. However, there
ŝƐ Ă ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ ĚĞĮŶĞ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚ ŽĨ ƐŽůĂƌ ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ ƚŽ
incorporate comprehensive economic development of
rural areas by bringing the elements of livelihoods and
strengthening the services of social infrastructure. In
ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ ƐŽůĂƌŝƐŝŶŐ ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ ŝƐ Ă ǀŝĂďůĞ ƉƌŽƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ
ƉŽǁĞƌ ĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐ ;ĚŝƐĐŽŵƐͿ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ƚŚĞ
cost of servicing rural households is high, driven by high
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households access reliable power, but can also help electricity subsidies.
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ΎdŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƐWƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞ͕ŽƵŶĐŝůŽŶŶĞƌŐLJ͕ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂŶĚtĂƚĞƌ;tͿ
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ΎΎΎdŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůdžĞĐƵƟǀĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌ͕:ŚĂƌŬŚĂŶĚZĞŶĞǁĂďůĞŶĞƌŐLJĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŐĞŶĐLJ;:ZͿ
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 Here, distributed renewable energy (DRE)
technology enables us to leverage this opportunity
ƚŽ ƚŽƵĐŚ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ĂƐƉĞĐƚƐ ŽĨ ůŝǀĞƐ ĂŶĚ ůŝǀĞůŝŚŽŽĚƐ
with its distributed and modular design. It provides
ĂĐĐĞƐƐ ƚŽ Ă ďĞƩĞƌͲƋƵĂůŝƚLJ ƉŽǁĞƌ ƐƵƉƉůLJ ĞǀĞŶ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ
ƌĞŵŽƚĞƐƚƉůĂĐĞƐĂŶĚĞŶĂďůĞƐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐƚŽďĞƉĂƌƚ
ŽĨƚŚĞĞŶĞƌŐLJƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶďLJƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶŝŶŐŝŶƚŽƚŚĞƌŽůĞ
of ‘prosumers’, both producers and consumers of
renewable energy such as solar and biomass. DRE
ĐĂŶ ďĞ ƵƐĞĚ ƚŽ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞ ŚĞĂůƚŚĐĂƌĞ ĂŶĚ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ
ĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ ŝŶ ƌƵƌĂů ĂƌĞĂƐ͕ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĞƚ͕
ůŝǀĞůŝŚŽŽĚ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŐƌŝĚ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ
ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĞǀĞŶƚƐ͘ /Ŷ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƐƚĂůůĂƟŽŶ
ŽĨ ĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚ ƐŽůĂƌ ŝƐ Ă ůĂďŽƵƌͲŝŶƚĞŶƐŝǀĞ ĞdžĞƌĐŝƐĞ
ĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚ ƚŽ ƵƟůŝƚLJͲƐĐĂůĞ ƐŽůĂƌ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞƌĞďLJ
ĐƌĞĂƚĞƐůŝǀĞůŝŚŽŽĚŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘ƌĞĐĞŶƚƐƚƵĚLJďLJƚŚĞ
ŽƵŶĐŝů ŽŶ ŶĞƌŐLJ͕ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ tĂƚĞƌ ;tͿ
ƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚƚŚĂƚϮϮ͕ϯϬϬĐƵŵƵůĂƟǀĞũŽďƐǁĞƌĞŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞĚ
ďLJŝŶƐƚĂůůŝŶŐϮ͘ϯ'tŽĨƌŽŽŌŽƉƐŽůĂƌŝŶ&zϮϮĂŶĚŚĂƐ
ƚŚĞƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůƚŽŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞϮ͘ϴůĂŬŚũŽďƐďLJϮϬϯϬ͘
The Governments, both at the centre and the
ƐƚĂƚĞƐ͕ŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶĂĐƟǀĞůLJƉƵƐŚŝŶŐƚŽƉƌŽŵŽƚĞƌŽŽŌŽƉ
ƐŽůĂƌ ĂŶĚ ĚĞĐĞŶƚƌĂůŝƐĞĚ ůŝǀĞůŝŚŽŽĚ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ
through various schemes and policies. The Ministry
ŽĨ EĞǁ ĂŶĚ ZĞŶĞǁĂďůĞ ŶĞƌŐLJ ;DEZͿ ŽīĞƌĞĚ
ĐĂƉŝƚĂů ƐƵďƐŝĚŝĞƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƐƚĂůůĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƌŽŽŌŽƉ ƐŽůĂƌ
ďLJƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůŚŽƵƐĞŚŽůĚƐƵƉƚŽϭϬ<tŽĨƚŚĞƐLJƐƚĞŵ
ƵŶĚĞƌ ƉŚĂƐĞ // ŽĨ ƚŚĞ 'ƌŝĚ ŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚ ZŽŽŌŽƉ ^ŽůĂƌ
WƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞůĂƵŶĐŚĞĚŝŶϮϬϭϵ͘/ŶĚŝĂŚĂƐŝŶƐƚĂůůĞĚΕϭϭ
't ŽĨ ƌŽŽŌŽƉ ƐŽůĂƌ Ɵůů ƵŐƵƐƚ ϮϬϮϯ͘ dŚĞ ƐĐŚĞŵĞ
ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ ĞdžƚĞŶĚĞĚ ƵƉ ƚŽ ϮϬϮϲ ŝŶ KĐƚŽďĞƌ
ϮϬϮϮ͘&ƵƌƚŚĞƌ͕ƚŚĞDŝŶŝƐƚƌLJƐŝŵƉůŝĮĞĚƚŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĨŽƌ
ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƐĞĐƵƌŝŶŐ ƐƵďƐŝĚŝĞƐ ĨŽƌ ƌŽŽŌŽƉ ƐŽůĂƌ
through the SPIN portal. It also issued a framework to
ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞƚŚĞŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨZůŝǀĞůŝŚŽŽĚĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ
ďLJĞŶŚĂŶĐŝŶŐƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀŝƚLJĂŶĚŝŶĐŽŵĞǁŚŝůĞƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐ
ĂĐĐĞƐƐ ƚŽ ĐůĞĂŶ ĂŶĚ ƌĞůŝĂďůĞ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ͘ Ɛ ƉĞƌ tͲ
sŝůůŐƌŽĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐ͕ZͲďĂƐĞĚĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJŝŶŶŽǀĂƟŽŶƐ͕
ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJŝŶƚŚĞĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞĂŶĚƚĞdžƟůĞƐĞĐƚŽƌƐ͕ŚĂǀĞ
ĂŵĂƌŬĞƚƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůŽĨΕh^ϱϬďŝůůŝŽŶĂŶĚĐĂŶŝŵƉĂĐƚ
ϯϳŵŝůůŝŽŶůŝǀĞůŝŚŽŽĚƐŝŶƌƵƌĂů/ŶĚŝĂ͘
Recognising the importance of DRE, many states
have also introduced enabling provisions in their own
renewable energy policies or solar policies with a
ƚĂƌŐĞƚĞĚĨŽĐƵƐŽŶƌƵƌĂůĂƌĞĂƐ͘&ŽƌŝŶƐƚĂŶĐĞ͕:ŚĂƌŬŚĂŶĚ
ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚĮŶĂŶĐŝĂůŝŶĐĞŶƟǀĞƐƚŽĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞĂĚŽƉƟŽŶďLJ
Kurukshetra October 2023
ƌƵƌĂů ĂŶĚ ƚƌŝďĂů ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ Ă ϭϬϬ ƉĞƌ ĐĞŶƚ
capital subsidy for households with an annual income
ůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶZƐ͘ϯůĂŬŚ͘&ƵƌƚŚĞƌ͕ƚŚĞƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨhƩĂƌĂŬŚĂŶĚ
ĂŶĚ:ŚĂƌŬŚĂŶĚĂŶŶŽƵŶĐĞĚƚŚĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶŽĨϭ͕ϬϬϬƐŽůĂƌ
villages in their solar policies aimed at providing
ĂīŽƌĚĂďůĞ͕ƌĞůŝĂďůĞ͕ĂŶĚĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJƚŽĂůůƚŚĞŝƌƉĞŽƉůĞ͘
hƩĂƌĂŬŚĂŶĚŝƐƚĂƌŐĞƟŶŐǀŝůůĂŐĞƐŝŶŚŝůůLJƌĞŐŝŽŶƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚ
ŽŌĞŶĨĂĐĞƚŚĞďƌƵŶƚŽĨůĂŶĚƐůŝĚĞƐůĞĂĚŝŶŐƚŽďůĂĐŬŽƵƚƐ
for extended periods, to provide reliable electricity
through DRE. There is a need to translate these visions
ŝŶƚŽĂĐƟŽŶƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĐŽŶĐĞƌƚĞĚĞīŽƌƚƐďLJƉŽůŝĐLJŵĂŬĞƌƐ͕
industry, and developers.
dŚŝƐ ĂƌƟĐůĞ ĐĂƉƚƵƌĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ ĨŽĐƵƐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ
ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƌƵƌĂů /ŶĚŝĂ͕ ŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƟŶŐ
ƚŚĞƉĂƐƚĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞŽĨǀŝůůĂŐĞƐŽůĂƌŝƐĂƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚŵĂŬŝŶŐ
ƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂƟŽŶƐ ƚŽ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉ ĂŶ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ
ƐŽůĂƌŝƐĂƟŽŶƐĐŚĞŵĞ͘
Rural Economy Needs Energy for Development
Ɛ ƉĞƌ ƚŚĞ hŶŝƚĞĚ EĂƟŽŶƐ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ
Programme (UNDP) ‘Energy Plus’ framework, access
ƚŽĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŝƐĂŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌLJďƵƚŶŽƚƐƵĸĐŝĞŶƚĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶ
for rural livelihood development. The availability of
ƌĞůŝĂďůĞ ĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ ŝƐ ĞƐƐĞŶƟĂů ŶŽƚ ŽŶůLJ ĨŽƌ ŵĞĞƟŶŐ
households’ requirements but also for the delivery of
ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ;ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ŚĞĂůƚŚ͕ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƐŽĐŝĂů
ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞͿ ĂŶĚ ĐƌĞĂƟŶŐ ůŝǀĞůŝŚŽŽĚ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘
/ŶĚŝĂŵĂĚĞƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐďLJĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐŶĞĂƌůLJϭϬϬ
ƉĞƌĐĞŶƚ ŚŽƵƐĞŚŽůĚ ĞůĞĐƚƌŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ͘ Ɛ ŽĨ DĂƌĐŚ ϮϬϮϯ͕
Ă ƚŽƚĂů ŽĨ Ϯ͘ϴϲ ĐƌŽƌĞ ŚŽƵƐĞŚŽůĚƐ ŚĂĚ ďĞĞŶ ĞůĞĐƚƌŝĮĞĚ
ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ƐƚĂƚĞƐ ;W/͕ ϮϬϮϯͿ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ƚŚĞ ƋƵĂůŝƚLJ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ
power supply remains a challenge.
Current Electricity Supply and Power Quality
^ŝƚƵĂƟŽŶŝŶZƵƌĂů,ŽƵƐĞŚŽůĚƐ
dŚĞ ƉŽǁĞƌ ƐƵƉƉůLJ ƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶ ŚĂƐ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĚ ŽǀĞƌ
the years in the states, with some progressing towards
ϮϰͲŚŽƵƌ ƐƵƉƉůLJ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ĞůŚŝ͕ <ĞƌĂůĂ͕ ĂŶĚ 'ƵũĂƌĂƚ͘
,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ƚŚĞƌĞ ŝƐ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚ ǀĂƌŝĂƟŽŶ ŝŶ ƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐ
both across states and within states, between rural
and urban areas. Rural India faces more power supply
outages compared to urban areas, with an average of
ϮϬ ŚŽƵƌƐ ŽĨ ƐƵƉƉůLJ͘ /Ŷ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ ƉŽǁĞƌ ƋƵĂůŝƚLJ ŝƐƐƵĞƐ
(such as long blackouts, low voltages, or appliance
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damage) are experienced more by rural households
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S.
compared to their urban counterparts due to voltage
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ŇƵĐƚƵĂƟŽŶƐ͘
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19
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^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗ŐƌĂǁĂů͕^ŚĂůƵ͕^ƵŶŝůDĂŶŝ͕ďŚŝƐŚĞŬ:ĂŝŶ͕ĂŶĚ<ĂƌƚŚŝŬ'ĂŶĞƐĂŶ͘ϮϬϮϬ͘^ƚĂƚĞŽĨůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĐĐĞƐƐŝŶ/ŶĚŝĂ͗/ŶƐŝŐŚƚƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞ/ŶĚŝĂ
ZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůŶĞƌŐLJŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶ^ƵƌǀĞLJ;/Z^ͿϮϬϮϬ͘EĞǁĞůŚŝ͗ŽƵŶĐŝůŽŶŶĞƌŐLJ͕Environment and Water.

ůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ ^ƵƉƉůLJ ƚŽ ,ĞĂůƚŚĐĂƌĞ ĂŶĚ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϴ͕ǁŚŝĐŚĚŝƐƌƵƉƚĞĚƚŚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ

/ŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚůLJ͘

The quality of the power supply also impacts the dŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƟƐƟĐƐŵĂŬĞŝƚĂůůƚŚĞŵŽƌĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƚŽ

ĚĞůŝǀĞƌLJ ŽĨ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ďLJ ŚĞĂůƚŚĐĂƌĞ ĂŶĚ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů
ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ͘ ĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐ ƚŽ Ă ϮϬϮϭ ƐƚƵĚLJ͕ ϱ ƉĞƌ ĐĞŶƚ ŽĨ
ƉƌŝŵĂƌLJŚĞĂůƚŚĐĞŶƚƌĞƐŝŶƌƵƌĂůĂƌĞĂƐĨƵŶĐƟŽŶǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ
ĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ͘ dŚĞ ĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ ƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶ ŝƐ ƐŝŵŝůĂƌ ŝŶ ŚĞĂůƚŚ
ƐƵďͲĐĞŶƚƌĞƐ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ΕϭϮ ƉĞƌ ĐĞŶƚ ŚĂǀŝŶŐ ŶŽ ĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ
ƐƵƉƉůLJ;DŽ,&t͕ϮϬϮϭͿ͘dŚĞƌĞŚĂƐďĞĞŶĂŶŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ
ŝŶƚŚĞĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶŝŶƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͘,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ΕϭϬƉĞƌ
ĐĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƐĐŚŽŽůƐ ĂƌĞ LJĞƚ ƚŽ ďĞ ĞůĞĐƚƌŝĮĞĚ͕ ĂŶĚ ŽǀĞƌĂůů͕
ϭϯƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĚŽŶŽƚŚĂǀĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ
ĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ͕ ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůLJ ŝŶ ŚŝůůLJ ƐƚĂƚĞƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƌƵŶĂĐŚĂů
Pradesh, Assam, Jammu and Kashmir, among others
ensure the reach, stability, and access of renewable
energy in rural India. It will not only aid the energy
ƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶďƵƚĂůƐŽŝŵƉƌŽǀĞůŝǀĞƐĂŶĚůŝǀĞůŝŚŽŽĚƐ͘
>ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĨƌŽŵ WĂƐƚ džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ ŽĨ ^ŽůĂƌŝƐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ
Villages
^ŽŵĞ ƐƚĂƚĞƐ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ 'ƵũĂƌĂƚ͕ KĚŝƐŚĂ͕ ĂŶĚ ŝŚĂƌ͕
have already worked on solarising villages. As states
ǁŽƌŬŽŶƚŚĞŝƌĐůŝŵĂƚĞĂĐƟŽŶƉůĂŶƐĂŶĚƌĞĚƵĐĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ
without compromising growth, lessons learned here
can be case studies for improving the clean energy
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;DŽ͕ ϮϬϮϮͿ͘ dŚĞ ƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶ ǁŽƌƐĞŶƐ ĨŽƌ ĂƌĞĂƐ ŵŽƌĞ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ŽƚŚĞƌ ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ͘ tŚŝůĞ 'ƵũĂƌĂƚ ŚĂƐ ƐĞĞŶ
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prone to extreme events driven by climate change, ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ DŽĚŚĞƌĂ ^ŽůĂƌ sŝůůĂŐĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͕ KĚŝƐŚĂ
TE

ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞͲŝŶĚƵĐĞĚ <ĞƌĂůĂ ŇŽŽĚƐ ŽĨ and Bihar have not yet realised the expected result.
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20 Kurukshetra October 2023

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^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗DŽ,&t͕ϮϬϮϭ͖DŽ͕ϮϬϮϮ
Dharnai Village in Bihar
ϭϬϬ<tƐŽůĂƌŵŝŶŝͲŐƌŝĚǁĂƐŝŶƐƚĂůůĞĚŝŶŚĂƌŶĂŝ
sŝůůĂŐĞŽĨŝŚĂƌŝŶϮϬϭϰ͕ƉŽǁĞƌŝŶŐϰϬϬŚŽƵƐĞŚŽůĚƐ͕ŽŶĞ
health centre, two schools, one Kisan training centre,
ĂŶĚ ϱϬ ĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŵĞŶƚƐ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ĂŌĞƌ
ƚŚƌĞĞLJĞĂƌƐŽĨŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ͕ƚŚĞďĂƩĞƌLJŽĨƚŚĞƐŽůĂƌŵŝŶŝͲ
ŐƌŝĚďĞĐĂŵĞĚĞĨƵŶĐƚ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞůĂĐŬŽĨƉƌŽƉĞƌŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ
ĂŶĚŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐLJƐƚĞŵŵĂĚĞƚŚĞƉƌŽũĞĐƚŶŽŶͲ
ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů;DŽŶŐĂďĂLJ͕ϮϬϮϭͿ͘dŚŝƐǁĂƐĂĐůĂƐƐŝĐĐĂƐĞŽĨ
ƚŚĞƚƌĂŐĞĚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐŽŵŵŽŶƐ͕ǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞǀŝůůĂŐĞďĞŶĞĮƚĞĚ
from the common system but had no exclusive claim,
ůĞĂĚŝŶŐ ƚŽ ŝƐƐƵĞƐ ŽĨ ŶŽŶͲŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ͘
Later, the village was connected to grid power, and the
ŝŶƐƚĂůůĞĚƐŽůĂƌƐLJƐƚĞŵƌĞŵĂŝŶĞĚŶŽŶͲŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů͘
Barapitha Village in Odisha
/Ŷ ϮϬϭϱ͕ ĂƌĂƉŝƚŚĂ͕ Ă ƚƌŝďĂů ǀŝůůĂŐĞ ŶĞĂƌ KĚŝƐŚĂΖƐ
capital city, Bhubaneswar, was declared the state's
ĮƌƐƚ ϭϬϬ ƉĞƌ ĐĞŶƚ ƐŽůĂƌ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ͘ hŶĚĞƌ ƚŚŝƐ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͕
Ă ϭ Ŭt ĨŽůĚĂďůĞ ƐŽůĂƌ ƐLJƐƚĞŵ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂƩĞƌLJ ŝŶƐƚĂůůĞĚ
ƚŽƉŽǁĞƌϴƐƚƌĞĞƚůŝŐŚƚƐĂŶĚƚǁŽƐŽůĂƌůĂŵƉƐĞĂĐŚĨŽƌ
61 households were provided. It also powered the
village community centre and provided an LED TV
ĂŶĚƐĞƚͲƚŽƉďŽdžĨŽƌŐĞƫŶŐǁĞĂƚŚĞƌͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚǁĂƌŶŝŶŐƐ͘
,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ĂŌĞƌ ŶĞĂƌůLJ ƚǁŽ LJĞĂƌƐ ŽĨ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞ
ƐLJƐƚĞŵǁĂƐĚĂŵĂŐĞĚďLJLJĐůŽŶĞ&ĂŶŝŝŶϮϬϭϳ͘^ŝŵŝůĂƌ
to Dharni Village, the solar project was not repaired or
ŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶĞĚ͘ƚƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ͕ƚŚĞƉƌŽũĞĐƚŝƐŶŽŶͲŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů͕
Kurukshetra October 2023
and the villagers are fully dependent on the grid supply
to meet their electricity requirements.
DŽĚŚĞƌĂsŝůůĂŐĞŝŶ'ƵũĂƌĂƚ
dŚĞDŽĚŚĞƌĂƐŽůĂƌǀŝůůĂŐĞŝƐĂĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ
between the Gujarat government and MNRE, the
Government of India. The project was developed with
ĂĐĂƉŝƚĂůŽƵƚůĂLJŽĨ/EZϴϭĐƌŽƌĞĂŶĚĞƋƵĂůĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶƐ
ďŽƚŚďLJƚŚĞ^ƚĂƚĞĂŶĚƚŚĞĞŶƚƌĂůŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ͘hŶĚĞƌ
ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͕ Ă ϲ Dt ŐƌŽƵŶĚͲŵŽƵŶƚĞĚ ƐŽůĂƌ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ŝƐ
ŝŶƐƚĂůůĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ϭϱ DtŚ ďĂƩĞƌLJ ƐƚŽƌĂŐĞ ƐLJƐƚĞŵ͘ /Ŷ
ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ϭŬtƌŽŽŌŽƉƐŽůĂƌƐLJƐƚĞŵƐĂƌĞŝŶƐƚĂůůĞĚŽŶƚŚĞ
ƌŽŽĨƐŽĨϭ͕ϰϬϬŚŽƵƐĞŚŽůĚƐ͘dŚĞƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌŽƵŶĚͲ
ƚŚĞͲĐůŽĐŬƉŽǁĞƌƚŽŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶϭ͕ϳϬϬŚŽƵƐĞŚŽůĚƐŝŶƚŚƌĞĞ
villages (Modhera, Samlanpura, and Sujjanpura). The
consumers are connected to smart meters for the supply
ŽĨĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŚĞůƉƐƚŚĞŽĸĐŝĂůƐŵĂŶĂŐĞƚŚĞƐLJƐƚĞŵ
ŝŶ ĂŶ ĞĸĐŝĞŶƚ ǁĂLJ͘ dŚĞ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ
ƚŚĞƉƌŽũĞĐƚŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶĐĂƌƌŝĞĚŽƵƚďLJƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂůůLJƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ
ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞƵƐĂďŝůŝƚLJĂŶĚĞĸĐŝĞŶĐLJ
of the plant. The project not only reduces the electricity
ďŝůůŽĨƚŚĞǀŝůůĂŐĞƌƐŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŝĚƐƵƉƉůLJĨƌŽŵϲϬͲϭϬϬƉĞƌ
cent but also supplies excess power to the grid and
ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůƌĞǀĞŶƵĞĨŽƌƚŚĞǀŝůůĂŐĞƌƐ͘
The above cases highlight three key learnings
O
ĨŽƌ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ͘ &ŝƌƐƚ͕ ĚĞĮŶŝŶŐ Ă ĐůĞĂƌ ǀŝƐŝŽŶ ĂŶĚ
C
S.
ǀĂůƵĞ ƉƌŽƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ĞĂĐŚ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌ ŝƐ ĐƌƵĐŝĂů ĨŽƌ
TE
ƚŚĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐĞƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ͘&ŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞ͕DŽĚŚĞƌĂ͕
O
FN
D
.P
21
W
W
W
ǁŝƚŚƉƌŽƉĞƌŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂŶĚŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ͕ŶŽƚ
only provides reliable and free power to the villagers
ďƵƚ ĂůƐŽ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞƐ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŶŐ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂů
ŝŶĐŽŵĞĨŽƌƚŚĞǀŝůůĂŐĞƌƐďLJƐƵƉƉůLJŝŶŐĞdžĐĞƐƐŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ
ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŐƌŝĚ͘ ^ĞĐŽŶĚ͕ ĐůĞĂƌ ŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƌŽůĞƐ ĂŶĚ
ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƟĞƐŝƐĐƌƵĐŝĂůƚŽůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƚŚĞĂĐƚƵĂůƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů
ŽĨƐƵĐŚŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐĂƐŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂŶĚŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ͘dŚŝƌĚ͕
ĞǀĂůƵĂƟŶŐĂŶĚůĞǀĞƌĂŐŝŶŐƚŚĞƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůŽĨƐŽůĂƌĂĐƌŽƐƐ
ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĐĂƚĞŐŽƌŝĞƐĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƌƵƌĂůŚŽƵƐĞŚŽůĚƐ͕ƐƵĐŚ
as solarising health centres and schools .
An ‘Integrated Solar Village Development Scheme’
States need to focus on integrated solar village
ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ǁŚŝůĞ ĨŽƌŵƵůĂƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƐĐŚĞŵĞ͘ dŚĞ
schemes should aim at improving the reliability
ĂŶĚ ƋƵĂůŝƚLJ ŽĨ ƉŽǁĞƌ ƐƵƉƉůLJ͕ ƐƟŶŐ ƌƵƌĂů ŝŶĐŽŵĞ͕
ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶŝŶŐ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŚĞĂůƚŚ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ
ƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐ ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ ďLJ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŶŐ
solar into the rural economy. The major contours of
these schemes could be:
1. Demand Assessment – To develop an integrated
scheme, there is a need to assess the overall
demand for electricity in the village, such as
ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂů ŚŽƵƐĞŚŽůĚƐ͕ ĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ĚĞŵĂŶĚ͕
government buildings such as schools, primary
ŚĞĂůƚŚĐĞŶƚƌĞƐ͕ƉĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚŽĸĐĞƐ͕ƌĂŝůǁĂLJƐƚĂƟŽŶƐ͕
bus stops, community centres, anganwadis, etc. It
ŚĞůƉƐƚŽŝĚĞŶƟĨLJƚŚĞƐŽůĂƌŝƐĂƟŽŶŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚLJĂŶĚ
ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ĨŽƌ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƐŽůĂƌ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ
solar PV, pumps, and refrigerators.
Ϯ͘ /ŶŶŽǀĂƟǀĞ ƵƐŝŶĞƐƐ DŽĚĞůƐ ʹ To meet the
ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĚĞŵĂŶĚ͕ƚŚĞƌĞŝƐĂŶĞĞĚƚŽĂƐƐĞƐƐƚŚĞ
ǀŝĂďŝůŝƚLJ ŽĨ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐ ŵŽĚĞůƐ͘ ĞƉůŽLJŝŶŐ
ƌŽŽŌŽƉ ƐŽůĂƌ ŝŶƐƚĂůůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ ƐƵŝƚĂďůĞ ĨŽƌ ƉƵĐĐĂ
houses with roof ownership. However, to overcome
ƚŚĞďĂƌƌŝĞƌƐŽĨƵŶƐƵŝƚĂďůĞƌŽŽŌŽƉĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐ͕ŚŝŐŚ
upfront costs, or a lack of consumer awareness,
community solar models could be explored. It
ŚĞůƉƐ ĂŐŐƌĞŐĂƚĞ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂů ĚĞŵĂŶĚ ĂŶĚ ƐĞƚ ƵƉ
projects on community premises.
ϯ͘ /ŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŶŐ >ŝǀĞůŝŚŽŽĚƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĞĐĞŶƚƌĂůŝƐĞĚ
WƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞ ƉƉůŝĂŶĐĞƐ ʹ dŚŝƐ ŵĞĂŶƐ ŝĚĞŶƟĨLJŝŶŐ
ƚŚĞ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ͕ ĐƌĞĂƟŶŐ ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ͕
ĂŶĚ ŝŶĐĞŶƟǀŝƐŝŶŐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĐƌĞĚŝƚ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ͕ ĂŵŽŶŐ
ŽƚŚĞƌƐ͘ dŚĞ ƐĐŚĞŵĞ ĐĂŶ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞ
appliances in areas such as agriculture (grain
milling, food processing, solar pumps), animal
ŚƵƐďĂŶĚƌLJ ;ĨĞĞĚĞƌƐ͕ ĐƵƩĞƌƐ͕ ǀĞƌƟĐĂů ĨŽĚĚĞƌ
22
ŐƌŽǁƵŶŝƚƐͿ͕ĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌĂůůŝĞĚĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ;ĐLJďĞƌĐĂĨĠ
ĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌƐ͕ ƉƌŝŶƟŶŐ ŵĂĐŚŝŶĞƐ͕ ďůĂĐŬƐŵŝƚŚ
blowers, refrigerators).
ϰ͘ /ŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚdžŝƐƟŶŐWŽůŝĐŝĞƐĂŶĚZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐʹ
dŚĞ ƐĐŚĞŵĞ ŶĞĞĚƐ ƚŽ ŝĚĞŶƟĨLJ ŝƚƐ ĂůŝŐŶŵĞŶƚ ǁŝƚŚ
ŽƚŚĞƌ ĞdžŝƐƟŶŐ ƐƚĂƚĞ ƐŽůĂƌ ƐĐŚĞŵĞƐ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƐŽůĂƌ
street lights and solar water heater programmes,
among others, which can be leveraged to provide
ŽǀĞƌĂůůĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŝŶƚŚĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚƐŽůĂƌǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ͘
/Ŷ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞ ĂŐĞŶĐLJ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ǁŽƌŬ
ǁŝƚŚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ ƚŽ ŝĚĞŶƟĨLJ ĂŶĚ
integrate the schemes of other departments
targeted towards the development of the rural
economy in the state.
5. Skill Development and Capacity Building – The
scheme should target training youth in these rural
areas to become Surya Mitras, enabling solar
ĂĚŽƉƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞƐƚĂƚĞ͘dŚĞƌĞƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĂĚĞĚŝĐĂƚĞĚ
ĨŽĐƵƐ ŽŶ ŐĞŶĚĞƌͲŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀĞ ƐŬŝůů ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕
ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ͕ĂŶĚĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ
at the local level to cater to these solar villages.
6. Models for Sustenance – To ensure the sustenance
ŽĨƐŽůĂƌǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ͕ƚŚĞƌĞŝƐĂŶĞĞĚƚŽĐůĞĂƌůLJĚĞĮŶĞƚŚĞ
ƌŽůĞƐĂŶĚƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƟĞƐŽĨƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͕
ĨƌŽŵ ŝŶƐƚĂůůĂƟŽŶ ƚŽ ŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ͘  ǀŝůůĂŐĞͲůĞǀĞů
ĐŽŵŵŝƩĞĞ ;s>Ϳ ŶĞĞĚƐ ƚŽ ďĞ ĐŽŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĚ ŝŶ
ƚŚĞ ƐŚŽƌƚůŝƐƚĞĚ ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ ŝŶ ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ
State Rural Livelihood Mission, the Department
ŽĨ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƟ ZĂũ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ZƵƌĂů
ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘ dŚĞ ĐŽŵŵŝƩĞĞ ǁŝůů ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ
'ƌĂŵ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚ ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĂĐƟǀĞ
ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ǁŽŵĞŶΖƐ ƐĞůĨͲ
ŚĞůƉ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ĂŶĚ LJŽƵƚŚ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ͘ dŚŝƐ ĐŽŵŵŝƩĞĞ
ǁŝůů ǁŽƌŬ ŝŶ ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƟŶŐ
agency and other relevant departments for the
ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĐŚĞŵĞ͘
dŚĞ ĐůĞĂŶ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ ƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ůĂƌŐĞůLJ
skewed towards urban areas. There is a need to
ƐǁŝƚĐŚ ŐĞĂƌƐ ĂŶĚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŝŶ ƌƵƌĂů ĂƌĞĂƐ
ďLJŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŶŐƌƵƌĂůƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐƚŽǁĂƌĚƐĂĐŽŵŵŽŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ
ŽĨ ƉŽǀĞƌƚLJ ĂůůĞǀŝĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐ ĐůĞĂŶ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ͘
hƟůŝƚLJͲƐĐĂůĞ ƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ ĚĞƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ǁŝůů ŚĞůƉ
achieve the speed and scale needed to reach these
ƚĂƌŐĞƚƐ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ Ă ƉĂƌĂůůĞů ĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐ ŽŶ ĂĐĐĞůĞƌĂƟŶŐ
O
the deployment of distributed renewable energy (DRE)
C
S.
will be equally important to achieve a sustainable and
TE
ƉĞŽƉůĞͲĐĞŶƚƌŝĐĞŶĞƌŐLJƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶ͘ ‰
O
FN
D
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Kurukshetra October 2023
W
W
W
 Crop Residue
Management
Challenges and Opportunities
On-farm burning of CRs causes
plenty of environmental
problems and has a serious
impact on human health. Soil
health greatly deteriorates
due to the loss of organic
matter and other soil nutrients.
The Central Government has
launched various promotional
schemes and programmes to
encourage environmentally
safe management of CRs, and
to promote technologies for its
alternative uses.

E
Dr. Jagdeep Saxena

cologically sustainable and ƚŚĞŝƌǀĞƌƐĂƟůĞƵƟůŝƚLJ͘ZƐĂƌĞƉƌŝŵĂƌŝůLJƵƐĞĚĂƐďĞĚĚŝŶŐ

environmentally safe management of
agricultural wastes, technically called
ĐƌŽƉ ƌĞƐŝĚƵĞƐ ;ZͿ͕ ŝƐ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŵĂũŽƌ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ ŝŶ
/ŶĚŝĂ͘ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƟŶŐ͕ ƚŚƌĞƐŚŝŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŝŵĂƌLJ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŝŶŐ
of crops leave behind a variety of plant materials
that need safe disposal and recycling. Stubbles,
stalks, stover, husk, bran, bagasse, and molasses are
ŐĞŶĞƌĂůůLJ ĐůĂƐƐŝĮĞĚ ƵŶĚĞƌ Z ŝŶ ƚŚĞ /ŶĚŝĂŶ ĐŽŶƚĞdžƚ͘
ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůĨŽƌůŝǀĞƐƚŽĐŬ͕ĂŶŝŵĂůĨĞĞĚ͕ƐŽŝůŵƵůĐŚŝŶŐ͕ďŝŽͲ
ŐĂƐŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ͕ďŝŽͲŵĂŶƵƌĞĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐƚ͕ƚŚĂƚĐŚŝŶŐĨŽƌ
ƌƵƌĂů ŚŽŵĞƐ͕ ŵƵƐŚƌŽŽŵ ĐƵůƟǀĂƟŽŶ͕ ďŝŽŵĂƐƐ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ
ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ͕ ĨƵĞů ĨŽƌ ĚŽŵĞƐƟĐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂů ƵƐĞ͕ ĞƚĐ͘
,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŚĞůƉŽĨŝŶŶŽǀĂƟǀĞƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ͕Z
ĐĂŶďĞĐŽŶǀĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŽĂǀĂƌŝĞƚLJŽĨǀĂůƵĞͲĂĚĚĞĚƉƌŽĚƵĐƚƐ
ƐƵĐŚĂƐƉĂƉĞƌƐ͕ďŽĂƌĚƐ͕ĞĐŽͲƉĂŶĞůƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘/ŶƐƉŝƚĞŽĨƐƵĐŚ
ƉƌĂĐƟĐĂůĂŶĚďĞŶĞĮĐŝĂůŽƉƟŽŶƐ͕ĂůĂƌŐĞƉŽƌƟŽŶŽĨZŝƐ
O

These residues, once thought to be waste, are now ďƵƌŶĞĚ͚ŽŶͲĨĂƌŵ͕͛ƉƌŝŵĂƌŝůLJƚŽĐůĞĂƌƚŚĞĮĞůĚĨŽƌƐŽǁŝŶŐ

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regarded as an important natural resource due to ƚŚĞŶĞdžƚĐƌŽƉ͘dŚŝƐĚĞƐƚƌƵĐƟǀĞĂĐƟǀŝƚLJĚĞƚĞƌŝŽƌĂƚĞƐƐŽŝů

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dŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƐ&ŽƌŵĞƌŚŝĞĨĚŝƚŽƌ͕/ŶĚŝĂŶŽƵŶĐŝůŽĨŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͕EĞǁĞůŚŝ͘
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ŵĂŝů͗ũĂŐĚĞĞƉƐĂdžĞŶĂΛLJĂŚŽŽ͘ĐŽŵ 23
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Kurukshetra October 2023

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ƉƌŽƉĞƌƟĞƐĂŶĚĨĞƌƟůŝƚLJ͕ĂůŽŶŐǁŝƚŚĂŵďŝĞŶƚĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJ͘
ŽŶƐĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJ͕ŝƚůĞĂĚƐƚŽĂŐƌĂĚƵĂůůŽƐƐŽĨƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ
ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĨĂƌŵƐ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŚĂƐ ƐĞƌŝŽƵƐ ĐŽŶƐĞƋƵĞŶĐĞƐ
for food security. The Government has put various
ůĞŐĂů͕ ĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟǀĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐ ŝŶ
ƉůĂĐĞƚŽƐƚŽƉŽŶͲĨĂƌŵďƵƌŶŝŶŐŽĨZƐ͘^ŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJ͕
technologies for reusing, recycling, and decomposing
ZƐŝŶĮĞůĚƐĂƌĞďĞŝŶŐƉƵƐŚĞĚĨŽƌůĂƌŐĞͲƐĐĂůĞĂĚŽƉƟŽŶ
ĂŵŽŶŐ ĨĂƌŵĞƌƐ͘ dŚĞ ĞŶƚƌĂů 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ͕ ƌĞƐƉĞĐƟǀĞ
ƐƚĂƚĞ ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƐ͕ E'KƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ
are working hand in hand to spread awareness and
ĐŽŶƚƌŽůZďƵƌŶŝŶŐŝŶĮĞůĚƐ͘
WƌŽďůĞŵĂŶĚWĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞƐ
ǀĞƌLJ LJĞĂƌ͕ ŝŶ /ŶĚŝĂ͕ ĂďŽƵƚ ϲϴϯ ŵŝůůŝŽŶ ƚŽŶŶĞƐ
ŽĨ ZƐ ĂƌĞ ƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ͕ ŽĨ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŶĞĂƌůLJ ƚǁŽͲƚŚŝƌĚƐ
ĂƌĞ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚ ďLJ ĐĞƌĞĂů ĐƌŽƉƐ͘ EĞĂƌůLJ ϱϬϬ ŵŝůůŝŽŶ
tonnes of residues are recycled in various sectors like
ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂů͕ĚŽŵĞƐƟĐ͕ĂŶĚůŝǀĞƐƚŽĐŬĨŽĚĚĞƌďƵƚĂƐƵƌƉůƵƐ
ŽĨ ϭϳϴ ŵŝůůŝŽŶ ƚŽŶŶĞƐ ŝƐ ůĞŌ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ĂŶLJ ƐŝŶŐůĞ ƵƐĞ͘
EĞĂƌůLJ ŚĂůĨ ŽĨ ŝƚ ŝƐ ďƵƌŶĞĚ ŝŶ ĮĞůĚƐ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƚĞƐ͕
ǁŝƚŚ WƵŶũĂď͕ ,ĂƌLJĂŶĂ͕ ĂŶĚ hƩĂƌ WƌĂĚĞƐŚ ďĞŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ
major defaulters. Among cereal crops, rice generates
ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŐƌŽƐƐƌĞƐŝĚƵĞƐĨŽůůŽǁĞĚďLJǁŚĞĂƚ͘&ŝďƌĞĐƌŽƉƐ
ƌĞƐŝĚƵĞĂĐĐŽƵŶƚƐĨŽƌŶĞĂƌůLJϮϬƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞƚŽƚĂůZ
ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ͘ ŽƩŽŶ ĂĐĐŽƵŶƚƐ ĨŽƌ ϳϰ ƉĞƌ
ĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŽƚĂůĮďƌĞZĂŵŽŶŐĮďƌĞĐƌŽƉƐ͘
KŶͲĨĂƌŵ ďƵƌŶŝŶŐ ŽĨ ZƐ ĐĂƵƐĞƐ ƉůĞŶƚLJ ŽĨ
environmental problems and has a serious impact on
human health. Soil health greatly deteriorates due
ƚŽƚŚĞůŽƐƐŽĨŽƌŐĂŶŝĐŵĂƩĞƌĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌƐŽŝůŶƵƚƌŝĞŶƚƐ͘
/ƚ ŝƐ ĞƐƟŵĂƚĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ďƵƌŶŝŶŐ ŽŶĞ ƚŽŶŶĞ ŽĨ ƌŝĐĞ ƐƚƌĂǁ
ĂĐĐŽƵŶƚƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ůŽƐƐ ŽĨ ϱ͘ϱ ŬŐ ŽĨ ŶŝƚƌŽŐĞŶ͕ Ϯ͘ϯ ŬŐ ŽĨ
ƉŚŽƐƉŚŽƌƵƐ͕ϮϱŬŐŽĨƉŽƚĂƐƐŝƵŵ͕ĂŶĚϭ͘ϮŬŐŽĨƐƵůƉŚƵƌ͕
besides organic carbon. According to a report from
WƵŶũĂďŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂůhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͕ĞǀĞƌLJLJĞĂƌϬ͘ϴϮϰŵŝůůŝŽŶ
tonnes of NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium)
ĂƌĞ ůŽƐƚ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƐŽŝů ĚƵĞ ƚŽ Z ďƵƌŶŝŶŐ ŝŶ ĮĞůĚƐ͘ KŶ
ƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌŚĂŶĚ͕ŝĨƚŚĞZŝƐŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞĚŽƌƌĞƚĂŝŶĞĚŝŶ
ƚŚĞƐŽŝůŝƚƐĞůĨ͕ŝƚŐĞƚƐĞŶƌŝĐŚĞĚ͕ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJǁŝƚŚŽƌŐĂŶŝĐ
carbon and nitrogen. Heat generated from burning of
ZƐ ĞůĞǀĂƚĞƐ ƐŽŝů ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐ͕ ĐĂƵƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĚĞĂƚŚ ŽĨ
ďĞŶĞĮĐŝĂůƐŽŝůŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐ͘&ƌĞƋƵĞŶƚďƵƌŶŝŶŐŽĨZƐůĞĂĚƐ
ƚŽĂĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞůŽƐƐŽĨŵŝĐƌŽďŝĂůƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƌĞĚƵĐĞƐ
ƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨŶŝƚƌŽŐĞŶĂŶĚĐĂƌďŽŶŝŶƚŚĞƚŽƉϬͲϭϱĐŵŽĨƚŚĞ
ƐŽŝůƉƌŽĮůĞ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŝƐĐƌŝƟĐĂůĨŽƌƚŚĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞ
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ƌŽŽƚƐLJƐƚĞŵŽĨĐƌŽƉƐ͘^ƚƵďďůĞďƵƌŶŝŶŐŝƐĂĚĞƐƚƌƵĐƟǀĞ
event which robs soil of its nutrients and also destroys
ŐƌŽǁŝŶŐ ŵĞĚŝĂ͕ ĐĂƵƐŝŶŐ Ă ĚĞŶƚ ŝŶ ŝƚƐ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ
ĨĞƌƟůŝƚLJƐƚĂƚƵƐ͘
dŚĞ ďƵƌŶŝŶŐ ŽĨ ZƐ ŝƐ Ă ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ƐŽƵƌĐĞ
of greenhouse gases, which are responsible for
ĂŐŐƌĂǀĂƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŐůŽďĂů ĐĂůĂŵŝƚLJ ŽĨ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ͘
tŚĞŶ ƌŝĐĞ ƐƚƌĂǁ ŝƐ ďƵƌŶĞĚ ŝŶ ŽƉĞŶ ĮĞůĚƐ͕ ŝƚ ƌĞůĞĂƐĞƐ
carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, sulphur
oxide, and nitrogen oxide gases. Besides, burning of
ZƐĂůƐŽĞŵŝƚƐĂůĂƌŐĞĂŵŽƵŶƚŽĨƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞƐ;WDͲϮ͘ϱ
ĂŶĚWDͲϭϬͿ͕ǁŚŝĐŚĐĂŶƌĞŵĂŝŶƐƵƐƉĞŶĚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞĂŝƌĨŽƌ
ĂůŽŶŐƟŵĞĂŶĚƚƌĂǀĞůůŽŶŐĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞŝŶƚŚĞǁŝŶĚ͘DĂŶLJ
ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚƐ ĨŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ ůĂƌŐĞ ƋƵĂŶƟƟĞƐ ŝŶ ďŝŽŵĂƐƐ
smoke are known or suspected carcinogens and could
lead to various airborne or lung diseases. Paddy stubble
burning in neighbouring states is responsible for almost
ŽŶĞͲƋƵĂƌƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶƚŚĂƚƉƌĂĐƟĐĂůůLJďůĂŶŬĞƚƐ
the whole capital city of Delhi every winter. The Delhi
ƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ ŝŶĚĞdž ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚ ƚŽ ϭϮ ƟŵĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŵĂdžŝŵƵŵ
ůŝŵŝƚ ĨŽƌ ƐĂĨĞ Ăŝƌ ŝŶ EŽǀĞŵďĞƌ ϮϬϭϴ͘ Ɛ ƉĞƌ ƌĞƉŽƌƚƐ͕
ĞǀĞƌLJLJĞĂƌ͕ĂƉƉƌŽdžŝŵĂƚĞůLJϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶƚŽŶŶĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶ
ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ͕Ϭ͘ϵϮŵŝůůŝŽŶƚŽŶŶĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶŵŽŶŽdžŝĚĞ͕ĂŶĚ
Ϭ͘Ϭϯ ŵŝůůŝŽŶ ƚŽŶŶĞƐ ŽĨ ƐƵůƉŚƵƌ ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ ĂƌĞ ĞŵŝƩĞĚ ŝŶ
Punjab alone by the burning of 15 million tonnes of
ƉĂĚĚLJ ƌĞƐŝĚƵĞƐ͘  dŚĞ ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞƐ ĨƌŽŵ
ƚŚĞ ďƵƌŶŝŶŐ ŽĨ ZƐ ŝƐ ϭϳ ƟŵĞƐ ŚŝŐŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ
from other sources such as motor vehicles, waste
ŝŶĐŝŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůǁĂƐƚĞ͘ĞƐŝĚĞƐƌĞƐƉŝƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕
ƐŬŝŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ĞLJĞ ƉƌŽďůĞŵƐ͕ ŝŶŚĂůŝŶŐ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞƐ ĐĂŶ
ĂŐŐƌĂǀĂƚĞ ĞdžŝƐƟŶŐ ƉƵůŵŽŶĂƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĐĂƌĚŝĂĐ ĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐ͕
ǁŚŝĐŚŵĂLJůĞĂĚƚŽƉƌĞŵĂƚƵƌĞĚĞĂƚŚ͘dŚĞďƵƌŶŝŶŐŽĨZƐ
ĂůƐŽƉƵƚƐƚŚĞůŝǀĞƐŽĨŵŝůŬͲƉƌŽĚƵĐŝŶŐĂŶŝŵĂůƐŝŶĚĂŶŐĞƌ
ĂŶĚĂīĞĐƚƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐĞǀŝƚLJŽĨĂŶŝŵĂůƐ͕ďŝƌĚƐ͕ĂŶĚŝŶƐĞĐƚƐ͘
/Ŷ ƐƉŝƚĞ ŽĨ ŵĂŶLJ ůŽŶŐͲƚĞƌŵ ĚĂŵĂŐĞƐ ƚŽ ƐŽŝů ĂŶĚ
ŚƵŵĂŶ ŚĞĂůƚŚ͕ ĨĂƌŵĞƌƐ ŝŶ ŶŽƌƚŚͲǁĞƐƚĞƌŶ /ŶĚŝĂ ŽŌĞŶ
opt for the burning of paddy stubbles, mainly due to
ƚŚƌĞĞĨĂĐƚŽƌƐ͗Ͳ
ϭ͘ ƐŚŽƌƚĂŐĞŽĨĨĂƌŵůĂďŽƵƌĂƚĂĐƌŝƟĐĂůƟŵĞŽĨĮĞůĚ
ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ͖
Ϯ͘ ǀĞƌLJƐŚŽƌƚƐƉĂŶŽƌǁŝŶĚŽǁĨŽƌƚŚĞƉƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶ
ŽĨƚŚĞĮĞůĚĨŽƌƚŚĞŶĞdžƚǁŚĞĂƚĐƌŽƉ͖ĂŶĚ
O
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ϯ͘ >ĂƌŐĞͲƐĐĂůĞ ƵƐĞ ŽĨ Ă ĐŽŵďŝŶĞ ŚĂƌǀĞƐƚĞƌ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ
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ŚĂƌǀĞƐƟŶŐŽĨƉĂĚĚLJ͘
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Kurukshetra October 2023
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ĂƌůŝĞƌ͕ ĨĂƌŵ ůĂďŽƵƌ ǁĂƐ ƉůĞŶƟĨƵů͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŚĞůƉĞĚ
ĨĂƌŵĞƌƐ ǁŝƚŚ ŵĂŶƵĂů ŚĂƌǀĞƐƟŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŶŽ ƐƚƵďďůĞ ǁĂƐ
ůĞŌ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĮĞůĚ͘ Ƶƚ͕ ŽĨ ůĂƚĞ͕ ĂŶ ĂĐƵƚĞ ƐŚŽƌƚĂŐĞ ŽĨ
ůĂďŽƵƌƉƌĞǀĂŝůƐĚƵĞƚŽǀĂƌŝŽƵƐƐŽĐŝŽͲĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐĐŚĂŶŐĞƐ͘
Hence, farmers largely use combine harvesters, which
are fully automated machines to collect the grains in
Kurukshetra October 2023
ŽŶĞ ŐŽ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ͘ /ƚ ůĞĂǀĞƐ ŶĞĂƌůLJ
ϮϬͲϯϬ Đŵ ŽĨ ƐƚƵďďůĞ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ŐƌŽƵŶĚ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŶĞĞĚƐ ƚŽ
ďĞƌĞŵŽǀĞĚŽƌŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞĚŝŶƚŽƚŚĞĮĞůĚĨŽƌƐŽǁŝŶŐ
ƚŚĞŶĞdžƚĐƌŽƉ͘&ĂƌŵĞƌƐŚĂǀĞŽŶůLJϭϬƚŽϮϬĚĂLJƐŝŶŚĂŶĚ
for sowing the next wheat crop, during which stubble
needs to be removed. Moreover, paddy straw is not a
preferred livestock feed in this region due to its high
ƐŝůŝĐĂ ĐŽŶƚĞŶƚ͘  ,ĞŶĐĞ͕ ĨĂƌŵĞƌƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌ ƚŽ ƐĞƚ ƚŚĞ ĮĞůĚ
ĂďůĂnjĞƚŽƐĂǀĞƟŵĞĂŶĚŵŽŶĞLJ͘dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚƐ
like rotavators, happy seeders, super seeders, etc. that
ŚĞůƉ ƚŽ ŵĂŶĂŐĞ ƐƚƵďďůĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĮĞůĚ͘ Ƶƚ ŵĂũŽƌŝƚLJ ŽĨ
farmers are not inclined to invest in such machines,
ǁŚŝůĞŽƚŚĞƌƐĐĂŶ͛ƚĂīŽƌĚƚŚĞĐŽƐƚ͘&ĂƌŵĞƌƐƚĂŬĞƵƉƚŚĞ
ďƵƌŶŝŶŐŽĨƐƚƵďďůĞƐĂƐĂĐŽŶǀĞŶŝĞŶƚ͕ƟŵĞͲƐĂǀŝŶŐ͕ĂŶĚ
ĐŽƐƚͲƐĂǀŝŶŐƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƚŽƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĮĞůĚƐĨŽƌƚŚĞŶĞdžƚĐƌŽƉ
ŝŶƌĞĐŽƌĚƟŵĞ͘
ZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚ^ŽůƵƟŽŶƐ
Viewing stubble burning as a serious health
ŚĂnjĂƌĚ͕ƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂů'ƌĞĞŶdƌŝďƵŶĂů͕ŝŶĂŶŽƌĚĞƌĚĂƚĞĚ
ϭϬĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϱĚŝƌĞĐƚĞĚĂŶĚƉƌŽŚŝďŝƚĞĚĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂů
ƌĞƐŝĚƵĞďƵƌŶŝŶŐŝŶĂŶLJƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞEdŽĨĞůŚŝĂŶĚƚŚĞ
ƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨWƵŶũĂď͕ZĂũĂƐƚŚĂŶ͕hƩĂƌWƌĂĚĞƐŚ͕ĂŶĚ,ĂƌLJĂŶĂ͘
“In the case of persistent defaulters in crop residue
ďƵƌŶŝŶŐ͕ĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞĐŽĞƌĐŝǀĞĂŶĚƉƵŶŝƟǀĞĂĐƟŽŶĐŽƵůĚ
be taken by the State Government concerned, including
ƚŚĞůĂƵŶĐŚŽĨƉƌŽƐĞĐƵƟŽŶ͕͟ƐĂŝĚĂďĞŶĐŚŚĞĂĚĞĚďLJƚŚĞ
ŚĂŝƌƉĞƌƐŽŶ͕ E'd͘ ŶLJ ƉĞƌƐŽŶ Žƌ ďŽĚLJ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĨŽƵŶĚ
ƚŽ ďĞ ǀŝŽůĂƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ E'd ŝƐ ůŝĂďůĞ ƚŽ ƉĂLJ
ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ĐŽŵƉĞŶƐĂƟŽŶ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝƐ ĐŽůůĞĐƚĞĚ ďLJ
the concerned State Governments. The Governments
ŽĨWƵŶũĂď͕,ĂƌLJĂŶĂ͕ĂŶĚhƩĂƌWƌĂĚĞƐŚŚĂǀĞĐŽůůĞĐƚĞĚ
ZƐ͘ϭϲϳ͘ϱϴ͕ ϲϭ͘ϳϮ ĂŶĚ Ϯϴ͘ϲϬ ůĂŬŚ͕ ƌĞƐƉĞĐƟǀĞůLJ͕ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ
ϮϬϭϴͲϭϵĂƐĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĐŽŵƉĞŶƐĂƟŽŶ͘dŚĞ^ƵƉƌĞŵĞ
ŽƵƌƚŚĂƐƚĂŬĞŶĂǀĞƌLJƐĞƌŝŽƵƐǀŝĞǁŽĨƐƚƵďďůĞďƵƌŶŝŶŐ
ĂŶĚ ŚĂƐ ĚŝƌĞĐƚĞĚ ĚĞĨĂƵůƚĞƌ ƐƚĂƚĞƐ ƚŽ ŵĂŬĞ ĞīŽƌƚƐ
ĨŽƌ ĐƵƌďŝŶŐ ƚŚŝƐ ŚĂƌŵĨƵů ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͘ /Ŷ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞ
State Governments have their own set of rules and
ƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐƚŽƚĂĐŬůĞŽīĞŶĚĞƌƐ͘
dŚĞ ĞŶƚƌĂů 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ŚĂƐ ůĂƵŶĐŚĞĚ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ
ƉƌŽŵŽƟŽŶĂů ƐĐŚĞŵĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞ
ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůůLJ ƐĂĨĞ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ZƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ
ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ĨŽƌ ŝƚƐ ĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞ ƵƐĞƐ͘ ƵƌŝŶŐ
ϮϬϭϴͲϭϵ͕ Ă ŶĞǁ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞ ĐĞŶƚƌĂů ƐĞĐƚŽƌ
O
ƐĐŚĞŵĞ ŽŶ Z ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ǁĂƐ ůĂƵŶĐŚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ Ă
C
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ŵƵůƟĨĂĐĞƚĞĚ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJ͘ hŶĚĞƌ ƚŚŝƐ ƐĐŚĞŵĞ͕ ĮŶĂŶĐŝĂů
TE
ĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ ΛϱϬй ŝƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĨĂƌŵĞƌƐ ĨŽƌ
O
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ƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞŽĨZDŵĂĐŚŝŶĞƌLJ͕ĂŶĚΛϴϬйŝƐƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚƚŽ
ĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞ ƐŽĐŝĞƟĞƐ͕ &ĂƌŵĞƌ WƌŽĚƵĐĞƌ KƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶƐ
ĂŶĚ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƵƐƚŽŵ
,ŝƌŝŶŐ ĞŶƚƌĞƐ ŝŶ ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ĐĞŶƚƌĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ZD
ŵĂĐŚŝŶĞƌLJ ƚŽ ĨĂƌŵĞƌƐ ŽŶ ƌĞŶƚĂů ďĂƐŝƐ Ăƚ ĂīŽƌĚĂďůĞ
rates. The scheme promotes usage of machines such
as super straw management systems, happy seeders,
ƐŵĂƌƚ ƐĞĞĚĞƌƐ͕ ŵƵůĐŚĞƐƌ͕ ĐƌŽƉ ƌĞĂƉĞƌƐ͕ ĞƚĐ͘ ĨŽƌ ͚ŽŶͲ
ĨŽƌŵ͛ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚŽĨZƐ͕ĂŶĚďĂůĞƌƐΘƌĂŬĞƐĨŽƌƐƚƌĂǁ
ĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĨŽƌŵ ŽĨ ďĂůĞƐ ƚŽ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞ ŝƚƐ ŽƚŚĞƌ
ƵƐĞƐ͘ ^ƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚ ďLJ ƚŚĞ ĐĞŶƚƌĂů ĮŶĂŶĐĞƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƚĞƐ
;WƵŶũĂď͕ ,ĂƌLJĂŶĂ͕ hƩĂƌ WƌĂĚĞƐŚ͕ ĂŶĚ Ed ŽĨ ĞůŚŝͿ
ŚĂǀĞĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶϮ͘ϬϳůĂŬŚŵĂĐŚŝŶĞƐƚŽƚŚĞ
ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůĨĂƌŵĞƌƐĂŶĚĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚŽǀĞƌϯϴ͕ϬϬϬƵƐƚŽŵ
,ŝƌŝŶŐĞŶƚƌĞƐĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞůĂƐƚĨŽƵƌLJĞĂƌƐ͘
dŚĞ ĞŶƚƌĂů 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ŚĂƐ ƌĞĐĞŶƚůLJ ƌĞǀŝƐĞĚ
ŐƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐĨŽƌŽīͲƐŝƚĞĐƌŽƉƌĞƐŝĚƵĞŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚŝŶƚŚĞ
ĂďŽǀĞŵĞŶƟŽŶĞĚĨŽƵƌƐƚĂƚĞƐƚŽĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞŝƚƐĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞ
ƵƐĞƐĂŶĚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĂƉĂĚĚLJƐƚƌĂǁƐƵƉƉůLJĐŚĂŝŶ͘dĞĐŚŶŽͲ
commercial pilot projects will be established under the
ďŝůĂƚĞƌĂů ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ďĞŶĞĮĐŝĂƌŝĞƐ ;ĨĂƌŵĞƌƐ͕
&WKƐ͕ ŽŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞ ^ŽĐŝĞƟĞƐ͕ ƉĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚƐ ĞƚĐ͘Ϳ ĂŶĚ
ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĞƐ ƵƟůŝƐŝŶŐ ƉĂĚĚLJ ƐƚƌĂǁ͘  &ŝŶĂŶĐŝĂů ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ
@ 65% of the project cost will be jointly borne by
ƚŚĞ ĞŶƚƌĂů ĂŶĚ ^ƚĂƚĞ 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƐ͖ Ϯϱй ǁŝůů ďĞ
ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚďLJƚŚĞŝŶĚƵƐƚƌLJ͖ĂŶĚƚŚĞďĂůĂŶĐĞϭϬйǁŝůů
ďĞ ƚŚĞ ƐŚĂƌĞ ŽĨ ďĞŶĞĮĐŝĂƌLJ͘ hŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͕ ĂďŽƵƚ
ϯϯϯďŝŽŵĂƐƐĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶĚĞƉŽƚƐǁŝƚŚĂĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJŽĨϰ͕ϱϬϬ
million tonnes will be built in the states of Punjab,
,ĂƌLJĂŶĂ͕hƩĂƌ WƌĂĚĞƐŚ͕ĂŶĚ DĂĚŚLJĂWƌĂĚĞƐŚ͘ƵƌŝŶŐ
ƚŚĞƚŚƌĞĞͲLJĞĂƌƚĞŶƵƌĞŽĨƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐ͕ϭ͘ϱŵŝůůŝŽŶ

WƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌƉƉƌĞĐŝĂƚĞƐWƵŶũĂď&ĂƌŵĞƌĨŽƌ,ŝƐŽŵŵŝƚŵĞŶƚ
To Stop Burning of Stubbles in Village
A few days ago, I was reading about a farmer brother Gurbachan Singh from Punjab. The son of this hard
working farmer Gurbachan Singh ji was to be married. He had told the bride’s parents that the marriage would
ďĞƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĞĚŝŶĂƐŽůĞŵŶŵĂŶŶĞƌ͘dŚĞƌĞŝƐŶŽŶĞĞĚƚŽƐƉĞŶĚŵƵĐŚŽŶǁĞĚĚŝŶŐƌĞĐĞƉƟŽŶŽƌĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌŝƚĞŵ͘
tĞŚĂǀĞƚŽŬĞĞƉŝƚĂǀĞƌLJǀĞƌLJƐŝŵƉůĞĞǀĞŶƚ͘ƵƚƚŚĞŶŚĞƐƵĚĚĞŶůLJƐĂŝĚƚŚĂƚŚĞŚĂĚŽŶĞĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶ͘ŶĚ͕ǁŚĞŶ
ĂĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶŝƐƉƵƚƚŚĞƐĞĚĂLJƐ͕ŐĞŶĞƌĂůůLJŝƚŝƐƚŚŽƵŐŚƚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌƐŝĚĞŝƐŐŽŝŶŐƚŽŵĂŬĞĂďŝŐĚĞŵĂŶĚǁŚŝĐŚ
ǁŝůůďĞƌĞĂůůLJĚŝĸĐƵůƚĨŽƌƚŚĞďƌŝĚĞ͛ƐĨĂŵŝůLJƚŽĨƵůĮůů͘Ƶƚ͕LJŽƵǁŝůůďĞƐƵƌƉƌŝƐĞĚƚŽŬŶŽǁƚŚĂƚŚĂŝ'ƵƌďĂĐŚĂŶ
^ŝŶŐŚǁĂƐĂƐŝŵƉůĞĨĂƌŵĞƌĂŶĚǁŚĂƚŚĞƚŽůĚƚŚĞďƌŝĚĞ͛ƐĨĂƚŚĞƌĂŶĚƚŚĞĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶŚĞƉůĂĐĞĚƌĞŇĞĐƚƐƚŚĞƚƌƵĞ
ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚŽĨŽƵƌƐŽĐŝĞƚLJ͘,ĞĂƐŬĞĚƚŚĞŵƚŽƉƌŽŵŝƐĞƚŚĂƚƚŚĞLJǁŝůůŶŽƚďƵƌŶƉĂƌĂůŝŽƌƐƚƵďďůĞŝŶƚŚĞŝƌĮĞůĚƐ͘zŽƵ
can well imagine the social strength this statement had. This point made by Gurbachan Singh ji appears quite
ordinary but this reveals how tall and strong his personality is and we have seen that there are many families
ŝŶŽƵƌƐŽĐŝĞƚLJǁŚŽĐŽŶŶĞĐƚƚŚĞŝƌŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůŵĂƩĞƌƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďĞŶĞĮƚŽĨƐŽĐŝĞƚLJĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞ͘^ŚƌŝŵĂŶ'ƵƌďĂĐŚĂŶ
Singh ji’s family has presented one such example before us. I have also read about a village Kallar Majra which
is near Nabha in Punjab. Kallar Majra came into lime light as the farmers there mix the stubble with the sand
ďLJƉůŽƵŐŚŝŶŐƚŚĞŝƌĮĞůĚƐƌĂƚŚĞƌƚŚĂŶďƵƌŶŝŶŐƚŚĞƐƚƵďďůĞĂŶĚĂĚŽƉƚƚŚĞŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌLJƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJĨŽƌƚŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͘
ŽŶŐƌĂƚƵůĂƟŽŶƐƚŽŚĂŝ'ƵƌďĂĐŚĂŶ^ŝŶŐŚũŝ͊ŽŶŐƌĂƚƵůĂƟŽŶƐƚŽƚŚĞƉĞŽƉůĞŽĨ<ĂůůĂƌDĂũƌĂĂŶĚŽĨĂůůƚŚŽƐĞ
ƉůĂĐĞƐǁŚŽĂƌĞŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞŝƌďĞƐƚĞīŽƌƚƐƚŽŬĞĞƉƚŚĞĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĐůĞĂŶĂŶĚƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌĞĞ͘

ͲWƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌ^ŚƌŝEĂƌĞŶĚƌĂDŽĚŝ
;ϰϵth Episode of Mann ki Baat,
ϮϴKĐƚŽďĞƌ͕ϮϬϭϴͿ
Shri Gurbachan Singh is a progressive farmer of Burj Deva Singh village in Taran Taran who is using happy
ƐĞĞĚĞƌƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϬϳ͕ůŽŶŐďĞĨŽƌĞƚŚĞĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĂŶLJƉŽůŝĐLJƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƐƵĐŚŵĂĐŚŝŶĞƐ͘/ŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŽŶŽĨĐƌŽƉ
ƌĞƐŝĚƵĞŚĂƐƐƵďƐƚĂŶƟĂůůLJŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĚƐŽŝůƋƵĂůŝƚLJŽĨŚŝƐĨĂƌŵƐ͕ƐŽƚŚĂƚŚĞŝƐŶŽƚƵƐŝŶŐĨĞƌƟůŝƐĞƌƐĂŶLJŵŽƌĞ͘,Ğ
ŚĂƐĂůƐŽůĞĚƚŚĞĂĚŽƉƟŽŶŽĨƐŚŽƌƚͲĚƵƌĂƟŽŶǀĂƌŝĞƟĞƐŽĨƌŝĐĞŝŶŚŝƐǀŝůůĂŐĞ͕ǁŚŝĐŚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐŵŽƌĞƟŵĞĨŽƌĮĞůĚ
O

ƉƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶ͘ ,Ğ ŚĂƐ ĂůƐŽ ŵŽƟǀĂƚĞĚ ĂŶĚ ƉĞƌƐƵĂĚĞĚ ϰϬ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĨĂƌŵĞƌƐ ĨƌŽŵ ŚŝƐ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ ƚŽ ĂďĂŶĚŽŶ ŚĂƌŵĨƵů
C
S.

ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞŽĨƐƚƵďďůĞďƵƌŶŝŶŐŝŶŽƉĞŶĮĞůĚƐ͘
TE
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26 Kurukshetra October 2023

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metric tonnes of surplus paddy straw are expected to
be collected, which would otherwise have been burned
ŝŶ ĮĞůĚƐ͘  dŚĞ ƐƵƉƉůLJ ĐŚĂŝŶ ǁŝůů ŚĞůƉ ŝŶ ŵĂŬŝŶŐ ƉĂĚĚLJ
straw available for various end uses such as power
ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ͕ ŚĞĂƚ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ͕ ďŝŽͲE'͕ ďŝŽͲĞƚŚĂŶŽů
ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ͕ĞƚĐ͘
dŚĞ /ŶĚŝĂŶ ŽƵŶĐŝů ŽĨ ŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ŚĂƐ
ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĂŶŝŶŶŽǀĂƟǀĞWƵƐĂĞĐŽŵƉŽƐĞƌƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ
to biologically decompose paddy stubbles in the farm.
/ƚ͛Ɛ Ă ŵŝĐƌŽďŝĂů ƐŽůƵƟŽŶ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ďŽƚŚ ŝŶ ůŝƋƵŝĚ ĂŶĚ
ĐĂƉƐƵůĞ ĨŽƌŵ ĨŽƌ ĂĐĐĞůĞƌĂƚĞĚ ĚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƐƚƌĂǁ͘
/ƚƐĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶŵĂŬĞƐƚŚĞĮĞůĚƌĞĂĚLJĨŽƌǁŚĞĂƚƐŽǁŝŶŐ
ŝŶ Ϯϱ ĚĂLJƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĂůƐŽ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞƐ ĐŚĞŵŝĐĂů͕ ďŝŽůŽŐŝĐĂů͕
ĂŶĚ ŶƵƚƌŝƟŽŶĂů ƉƌŽĮůĞ ŽĨ ƐŽŝů͘ ƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ LJĞĂƌ ϮϬϮϭ͕
decomposer has been used in the states of Punjab,
,ĂƌLJĂŶĂ͕hƩĂƌWƌĂĚĞƐŚ͕ĂŶĚEdŽĨĞůŚŝŝŶĂƌŽƵŶĚϱ͘ϳ
ůĂŬŚŽĨŚĞĐƚĂƌĞĂƌĞĂ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŝƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚƚŽĂďŽƵƚϯ͘ϱ
million tonnes of straw managed. Satellite monitoring
ĂŶĚŝŵĂŐŝŶŐƐŚŽǁĞĚƚŚĂƚϵϮйĂƌĞĂŽĨƚŚĞĚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐĞƌ
ƐƉƌĂLJĞĚƉůŽƚƐŚĂƐďĞĞŶŵĂŶĂŐĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ
ĂŶĚŽŶůLJϴйĂƌĞĂŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƉůŽƚƐǁĂƐďƵƌŶĞĚ͘dŽƉƌŽŵŽƚĞ
ƚŚĞƵƐĞŽĨďŝŽͲĚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐĞƌƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ͕ƚŚĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů
Kurukshetra October 2023
guidelines of the crop residue management scheme
ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ƌĞǀŝƐĞĚ ŝŶ ƵŐƵƐƚ ϮϬϮϮ͕ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶƐ
ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ŵĂĚĞ ĨŽƌ ůĂƌŐĞͲƐĐĂůĞ ĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ
ďŝŽͲĚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐĞƌ ŽŶ ĨĂƌŵĞƌ͛Ɛ ĮĞůĚƐ ďLJ ǁĂLJ ŽĨ ƵƟůŝƐŝŶŐ
ŇĞdžŝ ĨƵŶĚƐ ƵŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ ƐĐŚĞŵĞ͘  dŚĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ
composted residues to soil adds organic carbon and
ŽƚŚĞƌĞƐƐĞŶƟĂůƉůĂŶƚŶƵƚƌŝĞŶƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƐŽŝůĂŶĚƉƌŽŵŽƚĞƐ
ŵŝĐƌŽďŝĂůĂĐƟǀŝƚLJŝŶƚŚĞƐŽŝů͘&ĂƌŵƌĞƐŝĚƵĞƐĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌ
ĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂůǁĂƐƚĞƐĂŌĞƌƉĂƌƟĂůĚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĐĂŶďĞ
ĐŽŶǀĞƌƚĞĚƚŽǀĂůƵĂďůĞǀĞƌŵŝͲĐŽŵƉŽƐƚĨŽƌŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƵƐĞ
ĂŶĚŵĂƌŬĞƟŶŐ͘ƵƌŝŶŐ^ǁĂĐŚŚĂƚĂ;ĐůĞĂŶůŝŶĞƐƐͿ^ƉĞĐŝĂů
ĂŵƉĂŝŐŶ Ϯ͘Ϭ ;Ϯ KĐƚ ϮϬϮϮͲϯϭ KĐƚ ϮϬϮϮͿ͕ ƚŚĞ /Z ʹ
<ƌŝƐŚŝsŝŐLJĂŶ<ĞŶĚƌĂƐĂĚŽƉƚĞĚŽǀĞƌϵϬϬǀŝůůĂŐĞƐĂĐƌŽƐƐ
ƚŚĞ ĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ ƚŽ ĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞ ŵŝĐƌŽďŝĂůͲ
ďĂƐĞĚĐƌŽƉƌĞƐŝĚƵĞŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚĂŶĚǀĞƌŵŝĐŽŵƉŽƐƟŶŐ
ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞĚ ƚŽ ŶĞĂƌůLJ ϮϮ͕ϳϬϬ
ĨĂƌŵĞƌƐŝŶƚŚĞŝƌĮĞůĚƐ͘
ŽŵƉĂƌĞĚ ƚŽ ǁŚĞĂƚ ƐƚƌĂǁ͕ ƌŝĐĞ ƐƚƌĂǁ ŝƐ ŶŽƚ Ă
ƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚ ůŝǀĞƐƚŽĐŬ ĨĞĞĚ ĚƵĞ ƚŽ ĐĞƌƚĂŝŶ ŶƵƚƌŝƟŽŶĂů
quality issues. But now a number of physical, chemical,
and biological treatments are available to enhance
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;dŽďĞĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚŽŶƉĂŐĞŶŽ͘ϯϬͿ
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Kurukshetra October 2023

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;ŽŶƟŶƵĞĚĨƌŽŵƉĂŐĞŶŽ͘ϮϳͿ
Crop Residues
&ƌŽŵ&ĂďƌŝĐƐƚŽ&ƵĞů
dƌƵŶŬƉŽƌƟŽŶŽĨďĂŶĂŶĂ͕ĐĂůůĞĚƉƐĞƵĚŽƐƚĞŵ͕ŝƐĂ
ŵĂũŽƌĐƌŽƉƌĞƐŝĚƵĞͬĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂůǁĂƐƚĞŝŶĐŚŝĞĨďĂŶĂŶĂ
producing states such as Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra,
Karnataka, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat.
,ƵŐĞ ƋƵĂŶƟƟĞƐ ŽĨ ƉƐĞƵĚŽƐƚĞŵƐ ĂƌĞ ŐĞŶĞƌĂůůLJ ůĞŌ
ƚŽƌŽƚŝŶŽƉĞŶĐĂƵƐŝŶŐƵŶŚLJŐŝĞŶŝĐĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƌĞ
burned leading to many environmental problems.
,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ŝƚ ŝƐ Ă ƌŝĐŚ ƐŽƵƌĐĞ ŽĨ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ĮďƌĞƐ ǁŚŝĐŚ
ĐĂŶ ďĞ ƵƐĞĚ ƚŽ ƉƌŽĚƵĐĞ Ă ǀĂƌŝĞƚLJ ŽĨ ĂƌƟĐůĞƐ͘
Technologies have been developed and extended
ƚŽƉƌŽƐƉĞĐƟǀĞĞŶƚƌĞƉƌĞŶĞƵƌƐĨŽƌĞĸĐŝĞŶƚĂŶĚĞĐŽͲ
ĨƌŝĞŶĚůLJĞdžƚƌĂĐƟŽŶŽĨĮďƌĞƐ͘ĂŶĂŶĂĮďƌĞƐĂƌĞďŝŽͲ
degradable, have somewhat shiny appearance, and
ŚĂǀĞŐŽŽĚƌĞĐĞƉƟǀŝƚLJŽĨĚLJĞƐ͘dŚĞƐĞĐĂŶĞĂƐŝůLJďůĞŶĚ
ǁŝƚŚŽƚŚĞƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůĮďƌĞƐƐƵĐŚĂƐĐŽƩŽŶ͕ƌĂLJŽŶ͕ƐŝůŬ͕
ĞƚĐ͘ĨŽƌĞŶŚĂŶĐĞĚƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞĂŶĚƉƌŽƉĞƌƟĞƐ͘^ĂƌĞĞƐ
ĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌĨĂƐŚŝŽŶŐĂƌŵĞŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞŵŽƐƚƐŽƵŐŚƚĂŌĞƌ
ĂƌƟĐůĞƐŵĂĚĞŽĨďĂŶĂŶĂĮďƌĞƐŽƌŝƚƐďůĞŶĚƐ͘,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕
ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟǀĞƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐĂƌĞĂůƐŽĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĨŽƌŵĂŬŝŶŐ
shipping cables, power transmission ropes and
ĐŽƌĚĂŐĞ͕ ĮƐŚŝŶŐ ŶĞƚƐ͕ ďŝŽͲƉĞƐƟĐŝĚĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĨĞƌƟůŝƐĞƌƐ͕
ďĂŶĂŶĂƉĂƉĞƌ͕ĂŶĚĂǀĂƌŝĞƚLJŽĨŚĂŶĚŝĐƌĂŌƐ͘ĂŶĂŶĂ
ĮďƌĞƐĂƌĞƐƵŝƚĂďůĞĨŽƌŵĂŬŝŶŐŚŝŐŚǀĂůƵĞƉĂƉĞƌŚĂǀŝŶŐ
ƐŚĞůĨͲůŝĨĞ ŽĨ ŽǀĞƌ ϭϬϬ LJĞĂƌƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ĂƌĞ ĂůƐŽ ďĞŝŶŐ
ƵƐĞĚƚŽŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌĞůŽǁͲĐŽƐƚƐĂŶŝƚĂƌLJƉĂĚƐĨŽƌƌƵƌĂů
women. Special sanitary pads made from composite
ďĂŶĂŶĂĮďƌĞƐĐĂŶďĞƌĞͲƵƐĞĚŵĂŶLJƟŵĞƐ͘
/ŶKĚŝƐŚĂ͕ĂƐƚĂƌƚƵƉŝƐďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐǀĞŚŝĐůĞ
ďĂƩĞƌŝĞƐ ƵƐŝŶŐ ĐƌŽƉ ƌĞƐŝĚƵĞƐ͘  dŚĞƐĞ ďĂƩĞƌŝĞƐ
ĐŚĂƌŐĞ ϴ ƚŽ ϭϬ ƟŵĞƐ ĨĂƐƚĞƌ͕ ŽīĞƌ ϮϬͲϯϬй ůŽŶŐĞƌ
ďĂƩĞƌLJůŝĨĞĂŶĚĐŽƐƚϯϬͲϰϬйĐŚĞĂƉĞƌƚŚĂŶƌĞŐƵůĂƌ
ďĂƩĞƌŝĞƐ͘ĞƐŝĚĞƐ͕ƚŚĞƐĞĂƌĞϭϬϬйďŝŽͲĚĞŐƌĂĚĂďůĞ͘
ǀĞƌLJϭϬϬďĂƩĞƌŝĞƐƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚĐĂŶŚĞůƉŽŶĞĨĂƌŵĞƌ
ĞĂƌŶĂŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůZƐ͘Ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬĂŶĚƉƌĞǀĞŶƚďƵƌŶŝŶŐ
ŽĨĐƌŽƉƌĞƐŝĚƵĞ͘ŵŽŶŐŽƚŚĞƌďŝŽͲĞŶĞƌŐLJŽƉƟŽŶƐ͕
ϯϬϬ ĐƵďŝĐ ŵĞƚĞƌ ďŝŽͲŐĂƐ ŵĂLJ ďĞ ƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ ďLJ
ĂŶĂĞƌŽďŝĐĚŝŐĞƐƟŽŶŽĨŽŶĞƚŽŶŶĞŽĨƌŝĐĞƌĞƐŝĚƵĞ͘
KŶĞƚŽŶŶĞŽĨƉĂĚĚLJďŝŽŵĂƐƐŵĂLJƉƌŽǀŝĚĞϯϬϬŬǁŚ
ŽĨĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐĞŶĞƌŐLJƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŐĂƐŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ͘ZŝĐĞƐƚƌĂǁ
ŝƐĂƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůƐŽƵƌĐĞĨŽƌƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶŽĨďŝŽͲĞƚŚĂŶŽů͘
WƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶŽĨƌŝĐĞͲƐƚƌĂǁďƌŝƋƵĞƩĞƐĂƐĨƵĞůŝŶďƌŝĐŬ
ŬŝůŶ ĂŶĚ ƐƚƌĂǁ ƉĞůůĞƚƐ ĨŽƌ ĚŽŵĞƐƟĐ ƵƐĞ ĂƌĞ ĂůƐŽ
ǀŝĂďůĞŽƉƟŽŶƐĨŽƌĞŶĞƌŐLJƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ͘
30
animal bedding and then placed in dung pits to make
compost. Paddy straw is a nourishing substrate for
ŵƵƐŚƌŽŽŵĐƵůƟǀĂƟŽŶ͘ĂĐŚƚŽŶŶĞŽĨĚƌLJƌŝĐĞƐƚƌĂǁĐĂŶ
ƉƌŽĚƵĐĞϱϬƚŽϭϬϬŬŐŽĨŵƵƐŚƌŽŽŵĚĞƉĞŶĚŝŶŐŽŶŽƚŚĞƌ
ĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐ͘   ƐƉĞĐŝĂů ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚ ĐĂůůĞĚ ďŝŽĐŚĂƌ ĐĂŶ ďĞ
ŵĂĚĞĨƌŽŵƌŝĐĞƐƚƌĂǁ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŝƐĂĐĂƌďŽŶͲƌŝĐŚŵĂƚĞƌŝĂů
ƵƐĞĚĂƐĂƐŽŝůĂŵĞŶĚŵĞŶƚ͘/ƚƐĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶŝŵƉƌŽǀĞƐƐŽŝů
ĨĞƌƟůŝƚLJ͕ĐĂƌďŽŶƐƚŽƌĂŐĞ͕ĂŶĚǁĂƚĞƌĮůƚƌĂƟŽŶ͘ZŝĐĞƐƚƌĂǁ
is also a valuable material for surface mulch in various
ŽƚŚĞƌĐƌŽƉƐ͘^ŽǁŝŶŐƐŚŽƌƚͲĚƵƌĂƟŽŶǀĂƌŝĞƟĞƐ;ϭϲϬĚĂLJƐ
ŽĨƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůǀĂƌŝĞƟĞƐǀƐ͘ϭϯϱͲϭϰϱĚĂLJƐͿĂůůŽǁƐĨĂƌŵĞƌƐ
ƚŽĐůĞĂƌĮĞůĚƐĂŶĚĂǀŽŝĚƌĞƐŝĚƵĞďƵƌŶŝŶŐ͘ŝǀĞƌƐŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ
ŽĨĐƌŽƉƐŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůǁŚĞĂƚͲƌŝĐĞƐLJƐƚĞŵŝƐĂůƐŽŽŶĞ
ŽĨƚŚĞƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂůƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐƚŽŵŝŶŝŵŝƐĞZďƵƌŝŶŐ͘
DŽǀŝŶŐ&ŽƌǁĂƌĚ
dŚĞĐŽŶĐĞƌƚĞĚĞīŽƌƚƐŽĨƚŚĞĞŶƚƌĂů'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ͕
'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ WƵŶũĂď͕ EZ ^ƚĂƚĞ 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƐ͕
ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ďĞƩĞƌ ŽŶͲĨĂƌŵ
ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚŽĨZƐĂŶĚĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƟŶŐǀĂƌŝŽƵƐŽƉƟŽŶƐĨŽƌ
ƚŚĞŝƌŽīͲƐŝƚĞƵƐĞƐŚĂǀĞŚĞůƉĞĚƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚůLJŝŶƌĞĚƵĐŝŶŐ
ƚŚĞ Z ďƵƌŶŝŶŐ ĞǀĞŶƚƐ͘ Ɛ ƉĞƌ ƚŚĞ ĮŐƵƌĞƐ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ
ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ /^ZK ƉƌŽƚŽĐŽů ĨŽƌ ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ ƉĂĚĚLJ ĐƌŽƉ
ƌĞƐŝĚƵĞĞǀĞŶƚƐ͕ƚŚĞŝƌƚŽƚĂůŶƵŵďĞƌƐ;ϭϱ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϮϮ
ƚŽϯϬEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϮϮͿŝŶWƵŶũĂď͕,ĂƌLJĂŶĂ͕ĞůŚŝ͕EZ
ĚŝƐƚƌŝĐƚƐ ŽĨ hƩĂƌ WƌĂĚĞƐŚ͕ ĂŶĚ ZĂũĂƐƚŚĂŶ ŚĂǀĞ ĐŽŵĞ
ĚŽǁŶĨƌŽŵϳϴ͕ϱϱϬŝŶϮϬϮϭƚŽϱϯ͕ϳϵϮŝŶϮϬϮϮ͕ƚŚĂƚŝƐ͕
ĂƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶŽĨϯϭ͘ϱй͘dŚĞĞŶƚƌĂů'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ͕ƵŶĚĞƌ
ŝƚƐ Z ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ƐĐŚĞŵĞ ŚĂƐ ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚ ŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĂŶ
ZƐ͘ϯ͕ϬϲϮĐƌŽƌĞ;ϮϬϭϴͲϭϵƚŽϮϬϮϮͲϮϯͿƚŽƌĞƐƉĞĐƟǀĞ^ƚĂƚĞ
'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƐ ĨŽƌ ĞĸĐŝĞŶƚ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƐƚƵďďůĞ
ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘ WƵŶũĂď͕ ,ĂƌLJĂŶĂ͕ ĂŶĚ hƩĂƌ WƌĂĚĞƐŚ
;EZͿ ŚĂǀĞ ƉƌŽĐƵƌĞĚ ϭ͘ϮϬ ůĂŬŚ͕ ϳϮ͕ϳϬϬ ĂŶĚ ϳ͘ϰϴϬ
ŵĂĐŚŝŶĞƐ ƌĞƐƉĞĐƟǀĞůLJ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚŚŝƐ ƐĐŚĞŵĞ͕ ďĞƐŝĚĞƐ
ƚŚĞĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŵĞŶƚŽĨϯϴ͕ϰϬϬƵƐƚŽŵ,ŝƌŝŶŐĞŶƚƌĞƐŝŶ
ƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘DĂdžŝŵƵŵĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĨĂƌŵĮƌĞƐƚŽƚŚĞ
ĚĂŝůLJ WD Ϯ͘ϱ ůĞǀĞůƐ ŝŶ ĞůŚŝ ǁĂƐ ϯϰй ŽŶ ϯ EŽǀĞŵďĞƌ
ϮϬϮϮĂƐĂŐĂŝŶƐƚϰϴйŽŶϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϮϭ͘dŚĞĚĂŝůLJ
ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ Y/ ŽĨ ĞůŚŝ ŝŶ EŽǀĞŵďĞƌ ϮϬϮϮ ƌĞŐŝƐƚĞƌĞĚ
ĂŶ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ Ăƚ ϯϮϬ͘ϲϬ ĂƐ ĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚ ƚŽ ϯϳϲ͘ϱϬ ŝŶ
EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϮϭ͕ƚŚĂƚŝƐ͕ĂƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶŽĨĂďŽƵƚϱϲƉŽŝŶƚƐ͘
ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŚĂǀĞƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚĂĐƟŽŶƉůĂŶƐƚŽĐŽŶƚƌŽů
ƐƚƵďďůĞ ďƵƌŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞŐƵůĂƌ ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞ
ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚŽĨZƐĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘/ŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶƚŽ
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ƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂů ĂŶĚ ĮŶĂŶĐŝĂů ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ͕ ŝŶƚĞŶƐŝǀĞ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů
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campaigns and awareness camps are also required to
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Kurukshetra October 2023
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 Water for Clean and Green Village
$VXVWDLQDEOHDQGVHOIVXIÀFLHQWYLOODJHZLWKWKHWKHPHRID¶&OHDQ *UHHQ9LOODJH·DV
thought by Mahatma Gandhi will improve village life and reduce the rate of migration to
the cities.

I
Suneel Kumar Arora

ŶĚŝĂŝƐĂƐŝŐŶĂƚŽƌLJƚŽƚŚĞhŶŝƚĞĚEĂƟŽŶƐ
ϮϬϯϬ ŐĞŶĚĂ ĨŽƌ ĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐ ŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀĞ͕
ƉĞŽƉůĞͲĐĞŶƚƌŝĐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŚŽůŝƐƟĐ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ
ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ϭϳ ŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚ ŐŽĂůƐ͘ dŽ ƚŚŝƐ
ĞdžƚĞŶƚ͕ ƚŚĞ 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ /ŶĚŝĂ ŝƐ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ
ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ǀŝƐŝŽŶŝŶŐ͕ ƉƌŝŽƌŝƟƐĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ
methods to achieve Sustainable Development Goals
;^'ƐͿ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ŵŽƩŽ ŽĨ ͚>ĞĂǀŝŶŐ EŽ KŶĞ ĞŚŝŶĚ͕͛
through the ‘Whole of Government and Whole of
Society’ approach.
^'ƐĂƌĞĐƌŽƐƐͲĐƵƫŶŐŝŶŶĂƚƵƌĞ͕ĂŶĚĂƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ
SDG can be mapped to many ministries that can be
addressed through various schemes. Keeping this aspect
ƚŚĞŵĂƟĐĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚŽĨƌĞůĞǀĂŶĐĞĨŽƌ'ƌĂŵWĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚƐ͕
ǁŚŝĐŚ ĂƌĞ ƚŚĞ ůĂƐƚ ŵŝůĞ ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ͕ ďLJ ƌĞŵĂƉƉŝŶŐ ϭϳ
hEͲ^'ƐŝŶƚŽϵďƌŽĂĚƚŚĞŵĞƐĨŽƌůŽĐĂůŝƐĂƟŽŶŽĨ^'Ɛ
Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ŐƌĂƐƐͲƌŽŽƚƐ ůĞǀĞů ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĂƩĂŝŶŵĞŶƚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ
ĐŽŶĐĞƌƚĞĚ ĂŶĚ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟǀĞ ĞīŽƌƚƐ ŽĨ Ăůů ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ
ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͘KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƐŝƐ͞ůĞĂŶĂŶĚ'ƌĞĞŶ
Village”.
DĂŚĂƚŵĂ 'ĂŶĚŚŝ͕ ƚŚĞ ĨĂƚŚĞƌ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŶĂƟŽŶ͕ ŽŶĐĞ
said that “India lives in its villages”. “If villages perish,
/ŶĚŝĂ ƉĞƌŝƐŚĞƐ͘͟ 'ĂŶĚŚŝũŝ ŚĂĚ Ă ǀŝƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ ƐĞůĨͲƌĞůŝĂŶƚ
villages; now we call them green villages. Therefore,
village ecosystems need a closer study, emphasising the
ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƐŽĐŝĞƚĂů ŶĞĞĚƐ ĂŶĚ ůŝĨĞ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ
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ŝŶ ǀŝĞǁ͕ ƚŚĞ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƟ ZĂũ ŚĂƐ ŝŶŝƟĂƚĞĚ Ă systems.
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dŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƐĂŶŽĸĐĞƌŽĨƚŚĞ/ŶĚŝĂŶĞĨĞŶĐĞ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞŽĨŶŐŝŶĞĞƌƐĂŶĚĂĨŽƌŵĞƌĚǀŝƐŽƌ;ΘDͿ͕EĂƟŽŶĂůtĂƚĞƌDŝƐƐŝŽŶ͕
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DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨ:Ăů^ŚĂŬƟ͘ŵĂŝů͗ƐŬĂƌŽƌĂͺϭΛLJĂŚŽŽ͘ĐŽ͘ŝŶ 31
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Kurukshetra October 2023

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 ůĞĂŶ ĂŶĚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ŝƐ ŶŽƚ ŵĞƌĞůLJ ĂďŽƵƚ ƌĞŵŽǀŝŶŐ
ŐĂƌďĂŐĞ Žƌ ƉůĂŶƟŶŐ ƐŽŵĞ ƚƌĞĞ ƐĂƉůŝŶŐƐ͖ ŝƚ ŝƐ ĂďŽƵƚ
ŚĞĂůƚŚ͕ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĂĐƟŽŶ͕ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͕ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ
ůŝĨĞĞdžƉĞĐƚĂŶĐLJĂŶĚǁĞůůͲďĞŝŶŐ͕ĂŶĚƐŽŽŶ͘ůĞĂŶƌĞĨĞƌƐ
ƚŽ ĐůĞĂŶ ŚŽƵƐĞƐ͕ ĐůĞĂŶ ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ͕ ĐůĞĂŶ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ
ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĐůĞĂŶ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĞŵďƌĂĐĞ
ĂůůƚŚĞĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞǀŝůůĂŐĞƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶ͕ǁŚŝĐŚ
ŵĂŶŝĨĞƐƚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚǀŝƐŝďůĞĐůĞĂŶůŝŶĞƐƐ͘dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ
aspects of a clean village, such as water supply,
ƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶ͕ŝŶĚŽŽƌĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJ͕ƐŽůŝĚǁĂƐƚĞŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͕
etc.
dŚŽƵŐŚ ƚŚĞƌĞ ŝƐ ŶŽ ƉƌŽƉĞƌ ĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶ ŽĨ Ă ŐƌĞĞŶ
village, a green village is a village that can be developed
economically and by using natural resources like solar
ĞŶĞƌŐLJ͕ǁŝŶĚĞŶĞƌŐLJ͕ĞƚĐ͘ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂīĞĐƟŶŐƚŚĞŶĂƚƵƌĂů
environment.
Components of a Clean and Green Village
dŚĞďƌŽĂĚĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĂĐůĞĂŶΘ
green village are appended below. Each component
ĐŽŶƐŝƐƚƐ ŽĨ ŵĂŶLJ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐ͘ ĂĐŚ ĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚ ǀŝƐͲĂͲǀŝƐ
ƚŚĞ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐ ŝƐ ŵĂĚĞ ŽĨ ƐƉĞĐŝĮĐ ĂĐƟŽŶ ƉŽŝŶƚƐ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ
village level.
ĐƟŽŶWŽŝŶƚƐĂƚƚŚĞsŝůůĂŐĞ>ĞǀĞů
ϭ͘ KƉĞŶĞĨĞĐĂƟŽŶ&ƌĞĞsŝůůĂŐĞ͘
Ϯ͘ ůĞĂŶΘ'ƌĞĞŶ^ĐŚŽŽůƐ͘
ϯ͘ ůĞĂŶΘ'ƌĞĞŶŶŐĂŶǁĂĚŝƐ͘
ϰ͘ ^ĐŝĞŶƟĮĐŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚŽĨƐŽůŝĚǁĂƐƚĞ͘
5. Waste Water management.
ϲ͘ īŽƌĚĂďůĞΘůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƐŽůĂƌΘǁŝŶĚ
energy.
7. Greening Development.
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ϴ͘ WƌŽŵŽƟŽŶ ŽĨ ŽƌŐĂŶŝĐ ĨĂƌŵŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝŶŐ
ƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶŽĨĐŚĞŵŝĐĂůĨĞƌƟůŝƐĞƌƐΘƉĞƐƟĐŝĚĞƐ͘
ϵ͘ ĞůĞďƌĂƚĞĐůĞĂŶĂŶĚŐƌĞĞŶůŝǀŝŶŐ͘
ϭϬ͘ ^ƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶŝŶŐ ůŽĐĂů ĐŽŵŵŝƩĞĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŚĂŶĐŝŶŐ
ůĂƌŐĞƌƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ͘
11. Supply of clean & safe drinking water.
ϭϮ͘ /ŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚŽĨŝŶĚŽŽƌĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJ͘
ϭϯ͘ ŶĞƌŐLJĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͘
ϭϰ͘ ZĂŝŶǁĂƚĞƌ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ZĂŝŶǁĂƚĞƌ
,ĂƌǀĞƐƟŶŐ͘
Green refers to a world in which natural resources,
including oceans, land, and forests, are sustainably
managed and conserved to improve livelihoods and
ensure food security, and most importantly, protect the
ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĨŽƌĨƵƚƵƌĞŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͘
ůĞĂŶ ƌĞĨĞƌƐ ƚŽ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ ƚŽ ƐĂĨĞ ĂŶĚ ĂĚĞƋƵĂƚĞ
ĚƌŝŶŬŝŶŐ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ŝŶ Ă ůŽǁͲ
ƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ͕ ůŽǁͲĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ ǁŽƌůĚ ŝŶ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĐůĞĂŶĞƌ Ăŝƌ͕
water, and the oceans enable people to lead healthy
ĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞůŝǀĞƐ͘dŚƵƐ͕Ă'ƌĂŵWĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚ;'WͿƚŚĂƚ
chooses to focus on becoming a clean and green village
ǁŽƵůĚŶĞĞĚƚŽŚĂǀĞĐůĂƌŝƚLJƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ
and maintenance of the components that cover water
resources and their link to rivers and streams, land
resources, and soil health.
'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ/ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐĨŽƌůĞĂŶĂŶĚ'ƌĞĞŶsŝůůĂŐĞ
ũŽŝŶƚůĞƩĞƌͬĂĚǀŝƐŽƌLJŚĂƐďĞĞŶƐŝŐŶĞĚďLJĂƐŵĂŶLJ
as nine Secretaries to the Governmentof India on the
ůŽĐĂůŝƐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ 'ŽĂůƐ ;^'ƐͿ
ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƟ ZĂũ /ŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ ;WZ/ƐͿ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ
ƚŚĞŵĞ ϱ͗ ůĞĂŶ Θ 'ƌĞĞŶ sŝůůĂŐĞ͘ dŚĞ ůĞƩĞƌ ĚĂƚĞĚ ϯϭ
DĂƌĐŚϮϬϮϮŝŶĚŝĐĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŝůůŝŶŐŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞDŝŶŝƐƚƌŝĞƐ
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and the Departments that are signatories to the joint
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ůĞƩĞƌ ƚŽ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ĨƵůů ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ƵŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŽŶŐŽŝŶŐ
TE
ƐĐŚĞŵĞƐ ƚŽ ƚŚŝƐ ĞīŽƌƚ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ 'ƌĂŵ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚͬsŝůůĂŐĞ
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;t^Ϳ͕DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨ:Ăů^ŚĂŬƟŝƐƚŚĞŶŽĚĂůDŝŶŝƐƚƌLJĨŽƌ
ƚŚŝƐƚŚĞŵĞ͘dŚĞŽƚŚĞƌŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐŽĨƚŚĞ'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨ
India are elaborated in succeeding paragraphs.
SWACHH BHARAT MISSION
Improving access to water,
sanitation, and hygiene can
save 1.4 million lives per year,
according to new WHO report.
tĞ Ăůů ŬŶŽǁ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽǀĞƌď ͚ůĞĂŶůŝŶĞƐƐ ŝƐ ŶĞdžƚ ƚŽ
'ŽĚůŝŶĞƐƐ͘͟ hŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ ůĞĂŶ /ŶĚŝĂ ĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚ͕ ƚŚĞ
Government wants to make India clean and hygienic.
dŽĂĐĐĞůĞƌĂƚĞƚŚĞĞīŽƌƚƐƚŽĂĐŚŝĞǀĞƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĂůƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶ
ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ĨŽĐƵƐ ŽŶ ƐĂĨĞ ƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞ WƌŝŵĞ
Minister of India launched the Swachh Bharat Mission
ŽŶ Ϯ KĐƚŽďĞƌ ϮϬϭϰ͘ dŚĞ ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƚŽƌ ƐŚĂůů ďĞ
the Secretary of the Department of Drinking Water
ĂŶĚ ^ĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶ ;t^Ϳ ǁŝƚŚ ƚǁŽ ^ƵďͲDŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ͕ ƚŚĞ
Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) and the Swachh
Bharat Mission (Urban), which aims to achieve Swachh
ŚĂƌĂƚ ďLJ ϮϬϭϵ͕ ĂƐ Ă ĮƫŶŐ ƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ϭϱϬth Birth
Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, which in rural areas
shall mean improving the levels of cleanliness through
ƐŽůŝĚ ĂŶĚ ůŝƋƵŝĚ ǁĂƐƚĞ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ
ŵĂŬŝŶŐ ŐƌĂŵ ƉĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚƐ ŽƉĞŶ ĚĞĨĞĐĂƟŽŶ ĨƌĞĞ ;K&Ϳ͕
ĐůĞĂŶĂŶĚƐĂŶŝƟƐĞĚ͘
“A clean India would be the best tribute India
ĐŽƵůĚ ƉĂLJ ƚŽ DĂŚĂƚŵĂ 'ĂŶĚŚŝ ŽŶ ŚŝƐ ϭϱϬth birth
ĂŶŶŝǀĞƌƐĂƌLJ ŝŶ ϮϬϭϵ͕͟ ƐĂŝĚ ^Śƌŝ EĂƌĞŶĚƌĂ DŽĚŝ ĂƐ ŚĞ
launched the Swachh Bharat Mission at Rajpath in New
ĞůŚŝ͕KŶϮKĐƚŽďĞƌϮϬϭϰ͘dŚĞ^ǁĂĐŚŚŚĂƌĂƚDŝƐƐŝŽŶ
was launched throughout the length and breadth of
ƚŚĞ ĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ ĂƐ Ă ŶĂƟŽŶĂů ŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ͘ dŚĞ ĐĂŵƉĂŝŐŶ
ǁĂƐĂŝŵĞĚĂƚĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚŚĞǀŝƐŝŽŶŽĨĂ͚ůĞĂŶ/ŶĚŝĂ͛ďLJ
ϮKĐƚŽďĞƌϮϬϭϵ͘
The Swachh Bharat Mission was launched to
Kurukshetra October 2023
ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞ KƉĞŶ ĞĨĞĐĂƟŽŶ &ƌĞĞ ;K&Ϳ ŝŶ /ŶĚŝĂ ŝŶ ĮǀĞ
LJĞĂƌƐ͘K&ǁŽƵůĚŵĞĂŶƚŚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƟŽŶŽĨĨĂĞĐĂůͲŽƌĂů
ƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ͕ĚĞĮŶĞĚďLJ͕ĂͿŶŽǀŝƐŝďůĞĨĂĞĐĞƐĨŽƵŶĚŝŶ
ƚŚĞ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚͬǀŝůůĂŐĞ ĂŶĚ ďͿ ĞǀĞƌLJ ŚŽƵƐĞŚŽůĚ͕ ĂƐ
ǁĞůů ĂƐ ƉƵďůŝĐͬĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶ;ƐͿ͕ ƵƐŝŶŐ Ă ƐĂĨĞ
ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ ŽƉƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ĚŝƐƉŽƐĂů ŽĨ ĨĂĞĐĞƐ͕ ĂƐ ĚĞĮŶĞĚ
by the Ministry. The Mission shall strive for this by
ƌĞŵŽǀŝŶŐƚŚĞďŽƩůĞŶĞĐŬƐƚŚĂƚǁĞƌĞŚŝŶĚĞƌŝŶŐƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐ͕
ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƉĂƌƟĂů ĨƵŶĚŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂů ŚŽƵƐĞŚŽůĚ
ůĂƚƌŝŶĞƐĨƌŽŵD'EZ'^͕ĂŶĚĨŽĐƵƐŝŶŐŽŶĐƌŝƟĐĂůŝƐƐƵĞƐ
ĂīĞĐƟŶŐŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƐ͘
The strategy is to move towards a ‘Swachh Bharat’
by making it a massive mass movement that seeks
to engage everyone in the task of cleaning homes,
ǁŽƌŬƉůĂĐĞƐ͕ ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ͕ ĐŝƟĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƐƵƌƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐƐ ŝŶ Ă
ĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞ ƋƵĞƐƚ͘ dŚĞ ĨŽĐƵƐ ŝƐ ƚŽ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ŇĞdžŝďŝůŝƚLJ ƚŽ
^ƚĂƚĞ'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƐ͕ĂƐƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶŝƐĂƐƚĂƚĞƐƵďũĞĐƚ͕ƚŽ
ĚĞĐŝĚĞ ŽŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ƉŽůŝĐLJ͕ ƵƐĞ ŽĨ ĨƵŶĚƐ͕
ĂŶĚ ŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵƐ͕ ƚĂŬŝŶŐ ŝŶƚŽ ĂĐĐŽƵŶƚ ^ƚĂƚĞͲƐƉĞĐŝĮĐ
requirements. This is to enable States to develop
ĂŶ /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ &ƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ ƚŚĂƚ ĐĂŶ ƵƟůŝƐĞ ƚŚĞ
ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶƐƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞDŝƐƐŝŽŶĞīĞĐƟǀĞůLJĂŶĚŵĂdžŝŵŝƐĞ
ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉĂĐƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐ͘ dŚĞ 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ
/ŶĚŝĂ͛ƐƌŽůĞǁŽƵůĚďĞƚŽĐŽŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚƚŚĞĞīŽƌƚƐŽĨƚŚĞ
State Governments through the focused programme
being given the status of a Mission, recognising its dire
need for the country.
ĞŚĂǀŝŽƵƌŚĂŶŐĞŚĂƐďĞĞŶƚŚĞŬĞLJĚŝīĞƌĞŶƟĂƚŽƌ
of the Swachh Bharat Mission, and therefore emphasis
ŝƐ ƉůĂĐĞĚ ŽŶ ĞŚĂǀŝŽƵƌ ŚĂŶŐĞ ŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ;Ϳ
ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ͘ ^ŝŶĐĞ KƉĞŶ ĚĞĨĞĐĂƟŽŶͲĨƌĞĞ
villages cannot be achieved without all the households
and individuals conforming to the desired behaviour of
ƚŽŝůĞƚƵƐĞĞǀĞƌLJĚĂLJĂŶĚĞǀĞƌLJƟŵĞ͘ŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂĐƟŽŶ
ĂŶĚŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƐŽĐŝĂůŶŽƌŵƐĂƌĞƚŚĞŬĞLJƐŽĨ^D͘
/ŶƚĞƌͲWĞƌƐŽŶĂů ŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ;/WͿ͗ dŚĞ ĨŽĐƵƐ
ǁŝůů ďĞ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ƵƐĞ ŽĨ /ŶƚĞƌͲWĞƌƐŽŶĂů ŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ
;/WͿ͕ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůLJĨŽƌƚƌŝŐŐĞƌŝŶŐĚĞŵĂŶĚĂŶĚƵƐĞŽĨƚŽŝůĞƚƐ
ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƐŽĐŝĂůĂŶĚďĞŚĂǀŝŽƵƌĂůĐŚĂŶŐĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ
ĂŶĚ ŚŽƵƐĞͲƚŽͲŚŽƵƐĞ ŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐ͘ ,LJŐŝĞŶĞ ĂŶĚ
ƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶ ŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ĂŶ ĞƐƐĞŶƟĂů ĞůĞŵĞŶƚ
of social behaviour change alongside infrastructure,
without which the desired outcomes cannot be
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The mission is one of the largest social programmes
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ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŚƵŐĞ ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ /ŶĚŝĂ
ǁŚŽ ĂƌĞ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĞŶĚĞĚ ďĞŶĞĮĐŝĂƌŝĞƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ͘
dŚĞƌĞŚĂƐďĞĞŶƐƵďƐƚĂŶƟĂůŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚŝŶƚŚĞůĞǀĞůƐ
of access to drinking water and the establishment of
toilets in rural households. During the course of its
ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƚŚƵƐĨĂƌ͕ƚŚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŚĂƐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞĚĂŶ
ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞŵĞŶƚŝŶƚŚĞůĞǀĞůƐŽĨĐůĞĂŶůŝŶĞƐƐĂŶĚƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶ
ĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ƚŚĞƌĞ ŝƐ ƐƟůů Ă
ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚǁĂLJƚŽŐŽďĞĨŽƌĞƚŚĞŐŽĂůƐŽĨƚŚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĂƌĞ
ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞĚŝŶŝƚƐĞŶƟƌĞƚLJ͘
dŚŝƐ ƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ^' ϲ͘Ϯ͕
ǁŚŝĐŚ ĂŝŵƐ ĨŽƌ ĂĚĞƋƵĂƚĞ ĂŶĚ ĞƋƵŝƚĂďůĞ ƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶ
access for all, especially for women & girls in rural areas.
dŚƌŽƵŐŚĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐƐƵĐŚĂƐƉĞŽƉůĞ͛ƐƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ͕ďLJ
ϮϬϭϵ͕ƚŚĞĐĂŵƉĂŝŐŶƌĞĂůŝƐĞĚŽǀĞƌϭϬϬŵŝůůŝŽŶŚŽƵƐĞŚŽůĚ
ƚŽŝůĞƚƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚĞĚ ďĞŶĞĮƟŶŐ ŽǀĞƌ ϱϬϬ ŵŝůůŝŽŶ
ƉĞŽƉůĞĂĐƌŽƐƐϲ͕ϯϬ͕ϬϬϬǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ͘
īĞĐƟǀĞ ŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ KƉĞŶ ĞĨĞĐĂƟŽŶ &ƌĞĞ
;K&Ϳ ƐƚĂƚƵƐ͕ ĂƩĂŝŶĞĚ ŝŶ ϮϬϭϵ͕ ĞĸĐŝĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞ
ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶŝŶŐ ŽĨ ƐŽůŝĚ ĂŶĚ ůŝƋƵŝĚ ǁĂƐƚĞ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ
ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ Θ ƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ͕ ŐƌĞLJ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚ͕ ĂŶĚ
ƉƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶŽĨǁĂƚĞƌƐŽƵƌĐĞĐŽŶƚĂŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞĐĞƌƚĂŝŶůLJ
other major works that need to be focussed upon if a
village is to be a clean village.
To become a green village the Gram Panchayats
would need to address ecological, economic, and
equity issues by bringing about changes through
ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJͲůĞǀĞů ƐŽĐŝĂů ƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐ͕ ĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ͕
ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƉƌŽĂĐƟǀĞ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ Ă ŐƌĞĞŶ͕ ĐůĞĂŶ͕
ŶŽŶͲƚŽdžŝĐ͕ ůŽǁ ĐĂƌďŽŶ ƐĞůĨͲƌĞůŝĂŶƚ͕ ĞĐŽͲƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶƚ ƌƵƌĂů
/ŶĚŝĂ͘ dŚĞ ŐƌĞĞŶ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ ĨŽĐƵƐ ŽŶ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ
ůŝŬĞ ƉůĂŶƚĂƟŽŶ͕ ŽƌŐĂŶŝĐ ĨĂƌŵŝŶŐ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ
ǀŝůůĂŐĞĞĐŽƐLJƐƚĞŵΘďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͕ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŽĨǁĂƚĞƌ
ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ :Ăů ^ŚĂŬƟ ďŚŝLJĂŶ͕ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽŵŽƟŽŶ ŽĨ ŶĞǁ Θ
renewable energy sources.
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:Ăů:ĞĞǀĂŶDŝƐƐŝŽŶ;::DͿ
The Prime Minister of India launched the Jal
:ĞĞǀĂŶ DŝƐƐŝŽŶ ŽŶ ϭϱ ƵŐƵƐƚ ϮϬϭϵ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƌĂŵƉĂƌƚ
ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ZĞĚ &Žƌƚ͘ dŚĞ ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ ĞŶǀŝƐŝŽŶĞĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐ
clean, safe, and adequate drinking water to all rural
households, schools, anganwadis, and public health
ĐĞŶƚƌĞƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ƚĂƉ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶƐ ďLJ ϮϬϮϰ͘
This mission is monitored at the highest level.
Quality of water was given the utmost importance
and not the infrastructure only. The main focus was
ŽŶƚŚĞĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚLJŽĨƚĂƉƐ͘ƚƚŚĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĐĞŵĞŶƚΘ
ůĂƵŶĐŚŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ͕ŝ͘Ğ͕͘ŽŶϭϱƵŐϮϬϭϵ͕ŽŶůLJϯ͘Ϯϯ
ĐƌŽƌĞŚŽƵƐĞŚŽůĚƐŚĂĚĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůƚĂƉĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶƐ͘ƐŽĨ
ϭϱƵŐϮϬϮϯ͕ϭϮ͘ϴϱĐƌŽƌĞ;ϲϲ͘ϴйͿŚŽƵƐĞŚŽůĚƐ͕ŽƵƚŽĨĂ
ƚŽƚĂůŽĨϭϵ͘ϮϯĐƌŽƌĞŚŽƵƐĞŚŽůĚƐŝŶ/ŶĚŝĂŚĂǀĞĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů
ƚĂƉ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶƐ͘ EŝŶĞ ƐƚĂƚĞƐͬhdƐ͕ ϭϰϬ ĚŝƐƚƌŝĐƚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ
ŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĂŶ ϭ͘ϴϯ ůĂŬŚ ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ ŚĂǀĞ ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞĚ ,Ăƌ 'ŚĂƌ
Jal.
This mission has also pushed the very idea of the
ƚŚĞŵĞ͚ůĞĂŶΘ'ƌĞĞŶsŝůůĂŐĞ͛ƵƉƚŽĂŐƌĞĂƚĞdžƚĞŶƚĂŶĚ
was very much instrumental in achieving the goal of
ůĞĂŶĂŶĚ'ƌĞĞŶsŝůůĂŐĞ͘
:Ăů^ŚĂŬƟďŚŝLJĂŶͲĂƚĐŚƚŚĞZĂŝŶ;:^dZͿ
To make water everyone’s business, to make the
Jal Andolan a Jan Andolan, the Government of India
ůĂƵŶĐŚĞĚƚŚĞ:Ăů^ŚĂŬƟďŚŝLJĂŶŝŶϮϬϭϵ͕ĂŶĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂůů
ƚŽ ĂĐƟŽŶ ƚŚĂƚ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ ^ƚĂƚĞƐ͕ ĚŝƐƚƌŝĐƚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŵŝůůŝŽŶƐ
ŽĨ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ŝŶ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĐŚĂƌŐĞ͘ dŚĞ
ĐĂŵƉĂŝŐŶ ǁĂƐ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĞĚ ŝŶ ϭ͕ϱϵϮ ǁĂƚĞƌͲƐƚƌĞƐƐĞĚ
ďůŽĐŬƐŝŶϮϱϲĚŝƐƚƌŝĐƚƐŽĨƚŚĞĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ͘
ŌĞƌƚŚĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽĨ:Ăů^ŚĂŬƟ
ďŚŝLJĂŶ ŝŶ ϮϬϭϵ͕ ƚŚĞ :Ăů ^ŚĂŬƟ ďŚŝLJĂŶ͗ ĂƚĐŚ dŚĞ
ZĂŝŶ ;:^͗dZͿ ĐĂŵƉĂŝŐŶ ǁĂƐ ůĂƵŶĐŚĞĚ ďLJ ƚŚĞ WƌŝŵĞ
DŝŶŝƐƚĞƌ ŽŶ ϮϮ DĂƌĐŚ ϮϬϮϭ͕ ƚŚĞ tŽƌůĚ tĂƚĞƌ ĂLJ͕
which was to nudge the stakes and stakeholders
to create and maintain appropriate Rainwater
ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ^ƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞƐ͕ ƐƵŝƚĂďůĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƐŽŝů ƐƚƌĂƚĂ Θ
ĐůŝŵĂƟĐ ĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĂƌĞĂ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ĂĐƟǀĞ ƉĞŽƉůĞ͛Ɛ
ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ͕ďĞĨŽƌĞƚŚĞŽŶƐĞƚŽĨŵŽŶƐŽŽŶƐƚĂŬĞŶƵƉŝŶ
all districts (rural as well as urban areas) of the country
ĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞƉƌĞͲŵŽŶƐŽŽŶĂŶĚŵŽŶƐŽŽŶƉĞƌŝŽĚ͕ŝ͘Ğ͘ĨƌŽŵ
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DĂƌĐŚϮϬϮϭƚŽϯϬEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϮϭ͘dŚĞĐĂŵƉĂŝŐŶǁĂƐ
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ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ŵĂŝŶ ƚŚĞŵĞ ͚ĂƚĐŚ ƚŚĞ ZĂŝŶ͕
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where it falls when it falls’.
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Kurukshetra October 2023
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 dŚĞ ĐĂŵƉĂŝŐŶ ŚĂĚ ƚŚĞ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ĮǀĞ ĨŽĐƵƐĞĚ
ŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐͲ
;ĂͿ ZĂŝŶǁĂƚĞƌŚĂƌǀĞƐƟŶŐΘǁĂƚĞƌĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ
;ďͿ ŶƵŵĞƌĂƟŶŐ͕ŐĞŽͲƚĂŐŐŝŶŐΘŵĂŬŝŶŐĂŶŝŶǀĞŶƚŽƌLJ
ŽĨĂůůǁĂƚĞƌďŽĚŝĞƐ͖ƉƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐƉůĂŶƐ
ĨŽƌǁĂƚĞƌĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ
;ĐͿ ^ĞƫŶŐƵƉ:Ăů^ŚĂŬƟ<ĞŶĚƌĂƐŝŶĂůůĚŝƐƚƌŝĐƚƐ
;ĚͿ /ŶƚĞŶƐŝǀĞĂīŽƌĞƐƚĂƟŽŶĂŶĚ
;ĞͿ ǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ
ƵŝůĚŝŶŐŽŶƚŚĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞ:Ăů^ŚĂŬƟďŚŝLJĂŶƐ
ŽĨϮϬϭϵĂŶĚϮϬϮϭŝŶŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŶŐĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞ
ĐŝƟnjĞŶƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ͕ ƚŚŝƐ LJĞĂƌ :Ăů ^ŚĂŬƟ ďŚŝLJĂŶ͗
ĂƚĐŚ dŚĞ ZĂŝŶͲϮϬϮϮ ;:^͗dZͲϮϬϮϮͿ ĐĂŵƉĂŝŐŶ ǁĂƐ
ůĂƵŶĐŚĞĚ ďLJ ƚŚĞ ,ŽŶ͛ďůĞ WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ ŽĨ /ŶĚŝĂ ŽŶ Ϯϵ
DĂƌĐŚ ϮϬϮϮ͘ :^͗dZͲϮϬϮϮ ŝƐ ďĞŝŶŐ ƚĂŬĞŶ ƵƉ ŝŶ Ăůů
districts (rural as well as urban areas) of the country
ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ŵĂŝŶ ƚŚĞŵĞ ͚ĂƚĐŚ ƚŚĞ ZĂŝŶ͕ ǁŚĞƌĞ ŝƚ ĨĂůůƐ͕
ǁŚĞŶŝƚĨĂůůƐ͛dŚĞĐĂŵƉĂŝŐŶǁĂƐŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĞĚĨƌŽŵϬϭ
ƉƌϮϬϮϮƚŽϯϬEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϮϮͲƚŚĞƉƌĞͲŵŽŶƐŽŽŶĂŶĚ
monsoon period in the country. Under this campaign
ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĂůƐŽ ƵŶĚĞƌƚĂŬĞŶ ƵŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ
ŶĞǁ ŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐĂŵƉĂŝŐŶ ŝŶ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ
ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ ƵŶĚĞƌ ŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ :^͗ dZͲ
ϮϬϮϭ͗
(a) Spring Shed Development and Management
(b) Wetland Development and Management
;ĐͿ ĂƚĐŚŵĞŶƚĂƌĞĂƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ
;ĚͿ ŵƌŝƚ ^ĂƌŽǀĂƌƐ͗ ƌĞĂƟŽŶͬ ZĞũƵǀĞŶĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ϳϱ
Amrit Sarovars in every district to commemorate
njĂĚŝŬĂŵƌŝƚDĂŚŽƚƐĂǀ;<DͿ
ZĞĚƵĐƟŽŶ ŝŶ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƌƵŶͲŽī ĂŶĚ ƌŝƐĞ ŝŶ ǁĂƚĞƌ
table across the country due to the successful
Kurukshetra October 2023
ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ͚:Ăů ^ŚĂŬƟ ďŚŝLJĂŶ͗ ĂƚĐŚ
the Rain’ campaign is acknowledged by those who
monitor it for their cause.
Convergence of the Ministries/ Departments/
E'KƐͬ/ŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ
īŽƌƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞƐĞ ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐͬ ĂďŚŝLJĂŶƐ ǁŽƵůĚ
ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƚŚĞĨƵůůƐƵƉƉŽƌƚŽĨƚŚĞDŝŶŝƐƚƌLJͬĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚĂů
ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂƌŝĞƐ ŽĨ ƌŝŶŬŝŶŐ tĂƚĞƌ Θ ^ĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶ͕
Department of Water Resources, the Ministry of New
ΘZĞŶĞǁĂďůĞŶĞƌŐLJ͕DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ&ŽƌĞƐƚΘ
ůŝŵĂƚĞ ŚĂŶŐĞ͕ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ ŽĨ ZƵƌĂů ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕
Land Resources, Agriculture, Animal Husbandries
Θ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƟ ZĂũ ĂŵŽŶŐ ŽƚŚĞƌƐ͘ /Ŷ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ ŝĨ EŽŶͲ
'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂů KƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶƐ͕ ŽůůĞŐĞ ^ƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ zŽƵƚŚ
India's First Green Village – Khonoma
Khonoma is a village in India, which has
ďĞĞŶĚĞĐůĂƌĞĚĂƐ/ŶĚŝĂ͛ƐĮƌƐƚŐƌĞĞŶǀŝůůĂŐĞŽƵƚŽĨ
ĂƉƉƌŽdžŝŵĂƚĞůLJϳ͕ϬϬ͕ϬϬϬǀŝůůĂŐĞƐŝŶ/ŶĚŝĂ͕ďLJƚŚĞ
Government of Nagaland and the Government
of India. This has been made possible by
ƚŚĞ ũŽŝŶƚ ĞīŽƌƚƐ ŽĨ ŝŶĚŝŐĞŶŽƵƐ ŚĂďŝƚĂŶƚƐ ŽĨ
Khonoma, the Government of Nagaland, and
Government of India through launching the
͚'ƌĞĞŶ sŝůůĂŐĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͛ ŽĨ /EZ ϯϬ ŵŝůůŝŽŶ ŝŶ
ϮϬϬϱ͘dŚĞƚƌŝďĞƐŽĨEĂŐĂůĂŶĚĂƌĞďŽƌŶǁĂƌƌŝŽƌƐ͕
ǁŚŽƵƐĞĚƚŽƉůĂLJŚĞĂĚŚƵŶƟŶŐĂƐĂŐĂŵĞĂŶĚ
it is said that they may eat anything that can
ŵŽǀĞ͘ Ƶƚ ƚŽ ŵĂŬĞ ƚŚĞ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ͕ Ă ŐƌĞĞŶ͕ ƐĞůĨͲ
reliant, and sustainable village; the villagers
ƐƚŽƉƉĞĚ ŚƵŶƟŶŐ ĂŶŝŵĂůƐ ĂŶĚ ĐƵƫŶŐ Žī ƚŚĞ
ƚƌĞĞƐ͘ dŚĞLJ ĂƌĞ ƉƌĂĐƟƐŝŶŐ ũŚŽŽŵ ĐƵůƟǀĂƟŽŶ͕
ƚĞƌƌĂĐĞĚĨĂƌŵŝŶŐ͕ĨŽƌĞƐƚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͕ďĂŵ
ŚĂŶĚŝĐƌĂŌƐ͕ĂŶĚŵŽƌĞ͘dŚĞLJĂƌĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐĂŶĚ
ĨƵůůLJ ƵƟůŝƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ 'Žǀƚ͘ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĨƵŶĚƐ
ĂůůŽĐĂƚĞĚ ĨŽƌ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƐĐŚĞŵĞƐ ůŝŬĞ ^ǁĂĐŚŚ
Baharat Abhiyan, MNGREGA, and others.
Along with this, the village is also preserving its
O
ŝŶŚĞƌĞŶƚĐƵůƚƵƌĞ͕ŚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ͕ĂŶĚƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶ͘
C
S.
TE
O
FN
D
.P
35
W
W
W
KƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶƐ͕ƐƵĐŚĂƐEĞŚƌƵzƵǀĂŬ<ĞŶĚƌĂsŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌƐ͕
ĞƚĐ͘ĂƌĞĂůƐŽŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚĂƐŬŽĨĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƟŶŐƚŚĞ'WƐ
ƚŽďĞĐŽŵĞĂ͚ůĞĂŶΘ'ƌĞĞŶsŝůůĂŐĞ͕͛ƚŚĞŶƚŚĞŐŽĂůĐĂŶ
be realised faster.
Role of Gram Panchayat
If a Green Panchayat resolves to transform itself
ŝŶƚŽĂĐůĞĂŶĂŶĚŐƌĞĞŶǀŝůůĂŐĞ͕ŝƚƐŚŽƵůĚĨŽĐƵƐŽŶ͗Ͳ
ͻ ǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ ĂŵŽŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƟnjĞŶƐ ŽŶ
the importance of reducing wastage, ensuring
ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ
reducing the adverse impact on the environment.
ͻ WƌŽŵŽƟŽŶŽĨŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞ'WƐƚŚĂƚǁŽƵůĚ
ƌĞĚƵĐĞĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ͕ƐƵĐŚĂƐƌĞĚƵĐŝŶŐ
ƚŚĞƵƐĞŽĨƉůĂƐƟĐƐǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞ'WĂƌĞĂ͘
ͻ dĂŬŝŶŐƐƚĞƉƐƚŽĐƌĞĂƚĞĂŶŝŶͲĚĞƉƚŚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ
of the term climate change and its impact among
ƚŚĞ 'ƌĂŵ ^ĂďŚĂ͕ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚ ĐŽŵŵŝƩĞĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ
other community volunteers.
ͻ DĂƉƉŝŶŐůĂŶĚƵƐĞƉĂƩĞƌŶƐ͕ǁĂƚĞƌďŽĚŝĞƐ͕ĨŽƌĞƐƚƐ͕
hill slopes, wetlands, and degraded forests within
the GP.
• Developing appropriate norms for sustainable
ƵƟůŝƐĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĨƌŽŵĐŽŵŵŽŶůĂŶĚƐ͕ǁĂƚĞƌ
ďŽĚŝĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĨŽƌĞƐƚƐ ŽŶ ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐ ůŝŬĞ ŶŽŶͲƟŵďĞƌ
ĨŽƌĞƐƚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞ͕ƐĂŶĚ͕ĮƐŚ͕ĂŶĚǁĂƚĞƌ͘
• Assessing the water needs, sources, schemes,
and solid and liquid waste being generated
ĂŶĚ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ŝƐƚƌŝĐƚ ĂŶĚ sŝůůĂŐĞ tĂƚĞƌ
ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶƐ͘
ͻ ^ĞƫŶŐƚŚĞǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶŐŽĂůƐĂŶĚƚĂƌŐĞƚƐ
for the Gram Panchayats.
ͻ ^ĞůĞĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ ĨŽƌ ǁĂƚĞƌ
ƐƵƉƉůLJ ĂŶĚ ƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ 'WƐ͕ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ
ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚŽƌLJĂŶĚĂƌĞĂĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚŝŶŵĂƌŬĞƚƐĂŶĚ
GP premises.
• Ensuring maintenance of toilets, public spaces,
including those in markets and GP premises.
Developing a comprehensive energy programme
based on need assessment.
Conclusion
India is taking a lead role in developing its villages
ŝŶĂƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞŵŽĚĞů͘ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞĂŶĚƐĞůĨͲƐƵĸĐŝĞŶƚ
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ǀŝůůĂŐĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞŽĨĂ͚ůĞĂŶΘ'ƌĞĞŶsŝůůĂŐĞ͕͛ĂƐ
thought by Mahatma Gandhi will improve village life
ĂŶĚƌĞĚƵĐĞƚŚĞƌĂƚĞŽĨŵŝŐƌĂƟŽŶƚŽƚŚĞĐŝƟĞƐ͘<ŚŽŶŽŵĂ
ǀŝůůĂŐĞŝƐĂƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůĞdžĂŵƉůĞŽĨƐƵĐŚĂŶŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞĂŶĚ
ďĞĐĂŵĞƚŚĞĮƌƐƚŐƌĞĞŶǀŝůůĂŐĞŝŶ/ŶĚŝĂ͘^ŽĐŝĂůƌĞĨŽƌŵĞƌƐ
ŶŶĂ,ĂnjĂƌĞĂŶĚWŽƉĂƚƌĂŽWĂǁĂƌŚĂǀĞŐŝǀĞŶƉƌĂĐƟĐĂů
thought to Gandhiji’s vision. Both have worked for
tĂƚĞƌ ^ŚĞĚ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ ĞĨŽƌĞƐƚĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ŽǀĞƌĂůů
development of villages Ralegaon Sidhi and Hiware
ĂnjĂƌƚŽĐŽŶǀĞƌƚƚŚĞŵŝŶƚŽŝĚĞĂůǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ͘
dŚĞ ƚĂƐŬ ŽĨ ĐůĞĂŶŝŶŐ ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ ƉŽƐĞƐ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ
challenges. A lot of work has been done by the
'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ͕ E'KƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƚŽ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ƚŚĞ
villages in this aspect in the area of water supply
ƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶ͕ ƐŽůŝĚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ŝŶĚŽŽƌ Ăŝƌ
ƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ Θ ƐŽůĂƌ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ͘ dŚĞ 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ŚĂƐ ƚĂŬĞŶ
ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ͚dŚĞ EĂƟŽŶĂů DŝƐƐŝŽŶ ĨŽƌ Ă 'ƌĞĞŶ
India’, ‘Jal Jeevan Mission’, ‘Swachh Bharat Mission’,
͚:Ăů^ŚĂŬƟďŚŝLJĂŶƐ͕͚͛ŵƌŝƚ^ĂƌŽǀĂƌzŽũĂŶĂ͕͚͛ƚĂůŚƵũĂů
zŽũĂŶĂ͕͛ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ ĨŽƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐ ŽƵƌ ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ
͚ůĞĂŶĂŶĚ'ƌĞĞŶ͛͘
dŚĞƌĞŝƐŶŽƚŚŝŶŐƚŚĂƚĐĂŶďĞĐĂůůĞĚŐĂƌďĂŐĞƵŶƟů
ǁĞĐƌĞĂƚĞŐĂƌďĂŐĞ͘ůŵŽƐƚĂůůŚƵŵĂŶĂĐƟǀŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞƐ
ƐŽŵĞŬŝŶĚŽĨŐĂƌďĂŐĞͲĞŝƚŚĞƌƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůůLJŽƌŝŶƚŚĞĨŽƌŵ
of anxiety and stress. Like the yogic breathing exercises
ĐůĞĂŶƚŚĞƚŽdžŝŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞďŽĚLJ͕ŵĞĚŝƚĂƟŽŶƉƵƌŝĮĞƐƚŚĞ
mind. Keeping our house & our surroundings clean
ensures environmental cleanliness.
>ŽĐĂůŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐƐƵĐŚĂƐ'ƌĂŵWĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚƐŚĂǀĞĂ
ĐƌƵĐŝĂůƌŽůĞƚŽƉůĂLJŝŶĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐǁĂƚĞƌͲƐƵĸĐŝĞŶƚ͕ĐůĞĂŶ͕
& green villages. However, the diversity in the level of
ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ͕ ƐŽĐŝŽͲĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕
ƉŽǀĞƌƚLJ͕ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐΘƌŝƚƵĂůƐ͕ĂŶĚǁĂƚĞƌĂǀĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚLJŵĂŬĞ
this goal a bit complex and challenging. Infusing the
ŝĚĞĂŽĨĂ͚ůĞĂŶĂŶĚ'ƌĞĞŶsŝůůĂŐĞ͛ŝŶƚŚĞŵŝŶĚƐŽĨĂůů
ǀŝůůĂŐĞƌƐŵƵƐƚďĞƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶ͛ƐƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJ͘
Gram Panchayats would need to be encouraged
ǁŝƚŚƐƉĞĐŝĂůŚĂŶĚͲŚŽůĚŝŶŐƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƚŽǁŽƌŬƚŽǁĂƌĚƐƚŚŝƐ
ŐŽĂů͘/ƚŝƐĨĞůƚƚŚĂƚĐŽŶǀĞƌŐĞŶƚĂĐƟŽŶďLJĂůůĐŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ
DŝŶŝƐƚƌŝĞƐͬĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ͕ĂŵŽŶŐŽƚŚĞƌƐ͕ĂƚƚŚĞĞŶƚƌĂů͕
^ƚĂƚĞͬhdƐ 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƐ  ůĞǀĞů ǁŝůů ŐŽ Ă ůŽŶŐ ǁĂLJ ŝŶ
ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŶĞƚ ďLJ ŵĂŬŝŶŐ Ăůů
O
ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ͚ůĞĂŶĂŶĚŐƌĞĞŶ͕͛ŝĨ^'ƐĂƌĞƚŽďĞĂƩĂŝŶĞĚďLJ
C
S.
ϮϬϯϬĂŶĚĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐƉŽƐĞĚďLJĐůŝŵĂƚĞĐŚĂŶŐĞƐĂƌĞƚŽ
TE
be addressed. ‰
O
FN
D
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Kurukshetra October 2023
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 Leveraging Agroecological Approaches
for Clean and Green Villages
Villages in an agrarian economy like India are the focus points for transforming the country’s
developmental journey. ‘Clean and Green’ villages are the key to rural development and the
transformation to Viksit Bharat by 2047. Promotion of agroecological practices in sectors,
such as agriculture, energy, forestry can play a pivotal role in developing a roadmap for rural
empowerment with assured sustainability objectives – social, economic, environmental,
nutritional, health, and cultural. Adoption of natural farming, organic farming, biogas, and
waste management practices can leverage the circular economy in rural ecosystem and
accelerate achievement of the objectives of clean and green villages and the UN-SDG’s.

R
*
Dr. Neelam Patel
**
Dr. Tanu Sethi
***
Dr. Athira S.
A spree of schemes and programmes
ural India is an asset to speed
ǁĂƐŝŶŝƟĂƚĞĚďLJƚŚĞ'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨ/ŶĚŝĂ
ƵƉ ƐŽĐŝŽͲĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ
ĂƩĂŝŶŝŶŐƚŚĞƚĂƌŐĞƚƐŽĨƚŚĞ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ
ƚŽ ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞ ƚŚĞ ŚŽůŝƐƟĐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ
Development Goals (SDG). About 65 per cent of the ŽĨ ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƌƵƌĂů ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ
ĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ͛Ɛ ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ ůŝǀĞƐ ŝŶ ƌƵƌĂů ĂƌĞĂƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ϰϳ ƉĞƌ and achieve the development goals.
ĐĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ ŝƐ ĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚ ŽŶ ĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞ Agroecological approaches can play a
ĨŽƌ ůŝǀĞůŝŚŽŽĚ ;DŽ&͕ ϮϬϮϯͿ͘ dŚĞƌĞ ĂƌĞ ĂďŽƵƚ ϲ͕ϰϬ͕ϬϬϬ key role in transforming rural ecosystems
ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐŝŶ/ŶĚŝĂ͕ǁŝƚŚϴϯ͘ϯĐƌŽƌĞƉĞŽƉůĞ͘ and achieving the targets of green and
clean villages.
KǀĞƌ Ă ĚĞĐĂĚĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ƌƵƌĂů ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ ŐƌĞǁ ĨƌŽŵ
ϳϰ͘ϯ ĐƌŽƌĞ ŝŶ ϮϬϬϭ ƚŽ ϴϯ͘ϯ ĐƌŽƌĞ ŝŶ ϮϬϭϭ ;ĞŶƐƵƐ͕
ϮϬϭϭͿ͘ ^ŝŵŝůĂƌůLJ͕ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌŬ ĨŽƌĐĞ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ ƌĂƚĞ ŽĨ
rural women has also increased over the years. The With the advantages of the demographic
ǁŽƌŬĨŽƌĐĞƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶƌĂƚĞŽĨƌƵƌĂůǁŽŵĞŶŚĂƐĂůƐŽ dividend, these rural areas are an opportune area for
ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚĨƌŽŵϭϵ͘ϳйŝŶϮϬϭϴͲϭϵƚŽϮϳ͘ϳйĚƵƌŝŶŐϮϬϮϬͲ ƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚŚĞǀŝƐŝŽŶŽĨsŝŬƐŝƚŚĂƌĂƚ
O

ďLJϮϬϰϳ͘ƐĞŶǀŝƐŝŽŶĞĚďLJƚŚĞ,ŽŶ͛ďůĞWƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨ
C

Ϯϭ;DŽ&͕ϮϬϮϯͿ͘
S.
TE
O
FN

ΎdŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƐ^ĞŶŝŽƌĚǀŝƐŽƌ͕ŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞĂŶĚůůŝĞĚ^ĞĐƚŽƌƐsĞƌƟĐĂů͕E/d/ĂLJŽŐ
D

ΎΎdŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƐ^ĞŶŝŽƌƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞ͕ŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞĂŶĚůůŝĞĚ^ĞĐƚŽƌƐsĞƌƟĐĂů͕E/d/ĂLJŽŐ
.P

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Kurukshetra October 2023

ΎΎΎdŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƐZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚKĸĐĞƌŝŶƚŚĞŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞĂŶĚůůŝĞĚ^ĞĐƚŽƌƐsĞƌƟĐĂů͕E/d/ĂLJŽŐ
W
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/ŶĚŝĂ͕^Ś͘EĂƌĞŶĚƌĂDŽĚŝ͕͞ĂƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŽĨǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ
ǁŽƵůĚĞŶƐƵƌĞĂƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŽĨ/ŶĚŝĂ͘͟dŚŝƐǁĂƐĂůƐŽ
iterated in one of his addresses that “Jan dhan, Van
dhan, and Gobar dhan” can play an instrumental role
ŝŶ ďƌŝŶŐŝŶŐ ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ƚŽ ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ ;WD
^ƉĞĞĐŚ͕ϮϬϭϴͿ͘dŚĞ'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨ/ŶĚŝĂŚĂƐŝŶŝƟĂƚĞĚ
ŵƵůƟƉůĞƐĐŚĞŵĞƐĂŶĚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐƚŽĞŶƐƵƌĞĞƋƵŝƚĂďůĞ
and inclusive grassroots development towards the
empowerment of rural India.
Dynamic agroecological approaches can play a
ŬĞLJ ƌŽůĞ ŝŶ ŝŵƉƌŽǀŝŶŐ ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ͛ ĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐ͕ ƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐ
sustainability to food systems, preserving natural
ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕ĂŶĚŵŝƟŐĂƟŶŐĐůŝŵĂƚĞĐŚĂŶŐĞ͘ŐƌŽĞĐŽůŽŐLJ
principles simultaneously applies ecological and social
concepts for management of food and agricultural
ƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ͘/ƚƐĞĞŬƐƚŽŽƉƟŵŝƐĞƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶ
plants, animals, humans, and the environment while
ƚĂŬŝŶŐŝŶƚŽĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶƚŚĞƐŽĐŝĂůĂƐƉĞĐƚƐƚŚĂƚŶĞĞĚ
to be addressed for a sustainable food system.
In India, agroecological approaches are adopted
ŝŶ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ƐĞĐƚŽƌƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĞĐŽŶŽŵLJ͕ ǀŝnj͘ ĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞ͕
forestry, energy, etc., and are promoted through
ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ĨĂƌŵŝŶŐ͕ ŽƌŐĂŶŝĐ ĨĂƌŵŝŶŐ͕
ĂŐƌŽĨŽƌĞƐƚƌLJ͕ ďŝŽĨƵĞů ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ͕ ĞƚĐ͘ ƚŚĂƚ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ
ƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵŝŶŐ ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ͕ ƐŽĐŝŽͲĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ Ă
clean environment, and achieving the UN Sustainable
ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ'ŽĂůƐ;DŽWZ͕ϮϬϮϭ͖hEW͕ϮϬϮϭͿ͘
Clean and Green Villages
dŚĞůĞĂŶĂŶĚ'ƌĞĞŶsŝůůĂŐĞŝƐƚŚĞĮŌŚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞ
ŶŝŶĞƚŚĞŵĞƐĂĚŽƉƚĞĚďLJƚŚĞDŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨWĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƟZĂũ
to transform rural ecosystems with the support of the
Gram Panchayat Development Plan (GPDP). In that,
‘Green’ refers to a world in which natural resources,
including oceans, land, and forests, are sustainably
managed and conserved to improve livelihoods,
ensure food security, and most importantly, protect
ƚŚĞ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ĨŽƌ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ͚ůĞĂŶ͛
refers to access to safe & adequate drinking water
ĂŶĚ ƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͕ ůŽǁͲƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ͕ ůŽǁͲĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ͕
cleaner air, water, and oceans that enable people to
ůĞĂĚŚĞĂůƚŚLJĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞůŝǀĞƐ͘
dŽ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ͚'ƌĞĞŶ ĂŶĚ ůĞĂŶ sŝůůĂŐĞ͛
approach, many ministries joined the movement. The
DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ :Ăů ^ŚĂŬƟ͕ ƚŚĞ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ ŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ
38
&ĂƌŵĞƌƐ tĞůĨĂƌĞ͕ ƚŚĞ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ &ŝƐŚĞƌŝĞƐ͕ ŶŝŵĂů
Husbandry and Dairy, the Ministry of Environment,
&ŽƌĞƐƚ ĂŶĚ ůŝŵĂƚĞ ŚĂŶŐĞ͕ ƚŚĞ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ EĞǁ ĂŶĚ
Renewable Energy, the Ministry of Rural Development,
ĂŶĚƚŚĞDŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨWĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƟZĂũĂƌĞĂĐƟǀĞůLJŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ
ŝŶ ĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐ ƵŶĚĞƌ ĐůĞĂŶ ĂŶĚ ŐƌĞĞŶ
ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ;^DͲ'͕ϮϬϮϮͿ͘
ƐƉƌĞĞŽĨƐĐŚĞŵĞƐĂŶĚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐǁĂƐŝŶŝƟĂƚĞĚ
ďLJ ƚŚĞ 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ /ŶĚŝĂ ƚŽ ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞ ƚŚĞ ŚŽůŝƐƟĐ
ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƌƵƌĂů ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ
achieve the development goals. Agroecological
approaches can play a key role in transforming rural
ecosystems and achieving the targets of green and
clean villages.
Agroecological approaches for Clean and Green
villages
Agroecology is an integrated approach that
simultaneously applies ecological and social concepts
and principles to the design and management of food
ĂŶĚ ĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ͘ /ƚ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƚŽ ŽƉƟŵŝƐĞ ƚŚĞ
ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶƉůĂŶƚƐ͕ĂŶŝŵĂůƐ͕ŚƵŵĂŶƐ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞ
environment.
ƐƉĞƌƚŚĞ,ŝŐŚͲ>ĞǀĞůWĂŶĞůŽĨdžƉĞƌƚƐ;,>WͿŽŶ
&ŽŽĚ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚLJĂŶĚEƵƚƌŝƟŽŶ;ϮϬϭϵͿ͕ĂŐƌŽĞĐŽůŽŐLJĂŶĚŝƚƐ
ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐĂƌĞĚĞĮŶĞĚĂƐ͞ŐƌŽĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ
favour the use of natural processes, limit the use of
purchased inputs, promote closed cycles with minimal
ŶĞŐĂƟǀĞĞdžƚĞƌŶĂůŝƟĞƐ͕ĂŶĚƐƚƌĞƐƐƚŚĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞŽĨůŽĐĂů
ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ĂŶĚ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚŽƌLJ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉ
ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞĂŶĚƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ͕ĂƐǁĞůůĂƐ
ŵŽƌĞ ĐŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶĂů ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ͘ ŐƌŽĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů
approaches recognise that agrifood systems are coupled
ƐŽĐŝĂůʹĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĨƌŽŵ ĨŽŽĚ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ƚŽ
ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĂŶĚŝŶǀŽůǀĞƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ͕ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͕ĂŶĚĂƐŽĐŝĂů
ŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ͕ĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƚŚĞŝƌŚŽůŝƐƟĐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ͕ƚŽĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ
ĨŽŽĚĂŶĚŶƵƚƌŝƟŽŶƐĞĐƵƌŝƚLJ͟;,>W͕ϮϬϭϵͿ͘
dŚĞ ϭϬ ĂŐƌŽĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐ ĂƌĞ ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͕
ƐLJŶĞƌŐŝĞƐ͕ ĞĸĐŝĞŶĐLJ͕ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ͕ ƌĞĐLJĐůŝŶŐ͕ ĐŽͲĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ͕
and sharing of knowledge, human and social values,
ĐƵůƚƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ ĨŽŽĚ ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶƐ͕ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞ ŐŽǀĞƌŶĂŶĐĞ͕
ĂŶĚ Ă ĐŝƌĐƵůĂƌ ĂŶĚ ƐŽůŝĚĂƌŝƚLJ ĞĐŽŶŽŵLJ ;&K͕ ϮϬϭϴͿ͘
ŐƌŽĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ ƐƵĐŚ
O
ĂƐ ŶƵƚƌŝĞŶƚ ĐLJĐůŝŶŐ͕ ďŝŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ŶŝƚƌŽŐĞŶ ĮdžĂƟŽŶ͕
C
S.
improvement of soil structure and health, water
TE
ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͕ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͕ ĐĂƌďŽŶ
O
FN
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Kurukshetra October 2023
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ƐĞƋƵĞƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ͕ ďŝŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ƉĞƐƚ ĐŽŶƚƌŽů͕ ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ͕
ŵŝdžĞĚ ĐƵůƟǀĂƟŽŶ͕ ŝŶƚĞƌĐƌŽƉƉŝŶŐ͕ ǁĂƐƚĞ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͕
ĞƚĐ͘;,>W͕ϮϬϭϵͿ͘
dŚĞ 'ƌĞĞŶ ĂŶĚ ůĞĂŶ sŝůůĂŐĞ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ĨŽĐƵƐĞƐ
ŽŶ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ůŝŬĞ ƚƌĞĞ ƉůĂŶƚĂƟŽŶ͕ ŽƌŐĂŶŝĐ ĨĂƌŵŝŶŐ͕
ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ ĞĐŽƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͕
ƉƌŽŵŽƟŽŶ ŽĨ ŶĞǁ ĂŶĚ ƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕
ĂŶĚ ĞĐŽͲĨƌŝĞŶĚůLJ ŝŶŶŽǀĂƟŽŶƐ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ƚŚĞ 'ƌĞĞŶ sŝůůĂŐĞ
addresses ecological, economic, and equity issues
ďLJ ďƌŝŶŐŝŶŐ ĂďŽƵƚ ĐŚĂŶŐĞƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJͲůĞǀĞů
ƐŽĐŝĂů ƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐ͕ ĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƉƌŽĂĐƟǀĞ
ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶĨŽƌĂŐƌĞĞŶ͕ĐůĞĂŶ͕ŶŽŶͲƚŽdžŝĐ͕ůŽǁͲĐĂƌďŽŶ͕
ƐĞůĨͲƌĞůŝĂŶƚ͕ĞĐŽͲƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶƚƌƵƌĂů/ŶĚŝĂ;DŽWZ͕ϮϬϮϯͿ͘
dŚĞ ĂŐƌŽĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů
ĨĂƌŵŝŶŐ͕ ŽƌŐĂŶŝĐ ĨĂƌŵŝŶŐ͕ ďŝŽĨƵĞů ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ͕
agroforestry, waste recycling, etc. can support in
ĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚŚĞŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐŽĨŐƌĞĞŶĂŶĚĐůĞĂŶǀŝůůĂŐĞĂŶĚ
ƚŚĞ^'ƚĂƌŐĞƚƐ;^DͲ'͕ϮϬϮϮͿ͘
KƌŐĂŶŝĐĂŶĚEĂƚƵƌĂů&ĂƌŵŝŶŐĨŽƌ'ƌĞĞŶsŝůůĂŐĞƐ
KƌŐĂŶŝĐ ĂŶĚ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ĨĂƌŵŝŶŐ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ ĂƌĞ
based on agroecological principles and exclude the
ƵƐĞ ŽĨ ƐLJŶƚŚĞƟĐ Žƌ ĐŚĞŵŝĐĂů ŝŶƉƵƚƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ
resonate with India’s ancient agricultural heritage
ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ůŝǀĞƐƚŽĐŬ͘ KƌŐĂŶŝĐ ĂŶĚ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů
ĨĂƌŵŝŶŐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ĐŚĞŵŝĐĂů ĂŶĚ ƉĞƐƟĐŝĚĞͲĨƌĞĞ ĨŽŽĚ
grains and crops, improves soil health, and reduces
ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ͘ /ƚ ĐĂŶ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ Ă ĐůĞĂŶ
ĂŶĚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ ďLJ ŚĞůƉŝŶŐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ
natural resources, improving livelihoods, and providing
ƐĂĨĞ ĂŶĚ ŶƵƚƌŝƟŽƵƐ ĨŽŽĚ͘ ƉĂƌƚ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚŝƐ͕ ŝƚ ĐĂŶ
ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞǁŽŵĞŶ͛ƐƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶŝŶĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞ͕ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞ
ƌƵƌĂů ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ ŽǁŝŶŐ ƚŽ ůĂďŽƵƌ
intensiveness, and develop rural industries based on
ǀĂůƵĞĐŚĂŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĂŶĚŵĂƌŬĞƟŶŐ͘
KƌŐĂŶŝĐ ĂŶĚ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ĨĂƌŵŝŶŐ ĂƌĞ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞĚ ďLJ
the Government of India through various schemes
ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐ͘ KƌŐĂŶŝĐ ĨĂƌŵŝŶŐ ŝƐ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞĚ
ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚǁŽ ĚĞĚŝĐĂƚĞĚ ƐĐŚĞŵĞƐ ƐŝŶĐĞ ϮϬϭϱͲϭϲ͕ ǀŝnj͘
WĂƌĂŵƉĂƌĂŐĂƚ <ƌŝƐŚŝ sŝŬĂƐ zŽũĂŶĂ ;W<szͿ ĂŶĚ DŝƐƐŝŽŶ
KƌŐĂŶŝĐ sĂůƵĞ ŚĂŝŶ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĨŽƌ EŽƌƚŚ ĂƐƚĞƌŶ
ZĞŐŝŽŶ ;DKsEZͿ͕ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĐůƵƐƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ &ĂƌŵĞƌ
WƌŽĚƵĐĞƌKƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶƐ͘dŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞW<sz͕ϭϭ͘ϴϱůĂŬŚ
ha of land have been converted to organic farming since
ϮϬϭϱʹϭϲďLJĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐϯϮϯϴϰĐůƵƐƚĞƌƐŝŶǀŽůǀŝŶŐϭϲ͘ϭϵ
ůĂŬŚ ĨĂƌŵĞƌƐ ;DŽΘ&t͕ ϮϬϮϯͿ͘ dŚĞ 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ĂůƐŽ
Kurukshetra October 2023
ƉůĂŶƐƚŽĐŽŶǀĞƌƚĂŶŽƚŚĞƌϲ͘ϬϬůĂŬŚŚĂŽĨůĂŶĚƚŽŽƌŐĂŶŝĐ
ĨĂƌŵŝŶŐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ W<sz ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ϮϬϮϮʹϮϯ ĂŶĚ ϮϬϮϱʹ
Ϯϲ ;DŽΘ&t͕ ϮϬϮϯͿ͘ >ŝŬĞǁŝƐĞ͕ ƵŶĚĞƌ DKsEZ͕
ϭ͘ϳϯůĂŬŚŚĂŽĨůĂŶĚŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶďƌŽƵŐŚƚƵŶĚĞƌŽƌŐĂŶŝĐ
ĨĂƌŵŝŶŐ͕ ďĞŶĞĮƟŶŐ ϭ͘ϴϵ ůĂŬŚ ĨĂƌŵĞƌƐ͘   ƚŽƚĂů ŽĨ ϯϳϵ
&WKƐ ĂŶĚ &WƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĨŽƌŵĞĚ͕ ŝŶǀŽůǀŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ
ŽĨ ϮϬϱ ĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ͕ ĂŐŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŐƌĂĚŝŶŐ ƵŶŝƚƐ͕ ϭϵϬ
ĐƵƐƚŽŵ ŚŝƌŝŶŐ ĐĞŶƚƌĞƐ ĂŶĚ ϭϮϯ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŝŶŐ ƵŶŝƚƐ ĂŶĚ
ƉĂĐŬŚŽƵƐĞƐ͘;DŽΘ&t͕ϮϬϮϯͿ
Natural farming has been promoted under
ŚĂƌƟLJĂWƌĂŬƌĂƟŬ<ƌŝƐŚŝWĂĚĚŚĂƟ;W<WͿ͕ĂƐƵďͲƐĐŚĞŵĞ
ƵŶĚĞƌW<sz͕ƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϵͲϮϬ͘hŶĚĞƌW<W͕ϰ͘ϬϵůĂŬŚƐŚĂ
area has been brought under natural farming.
dŽ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞ ĂůƚĞƌŶĂƚĞ ƵƐĞ ŽĨ ĐŚĞŵŝĐĂů ĨĞƌƟůŝƐĞƌƐ͕
ƚŚĞ WD WƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ ĨŽƌ ZĞƐƚŽƌĂƟŽŶ͕ ǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ
'ĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ͕ EŽƵƌŝƐŚŵĞŶƚ͕ ĂŶĚ ŵĞůŝŽƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ
DŽƚŚĞƌͲĂƌƚŚ ;WDͲWZEDͿ ŝƐ ůĂƵŶĐŚĞĚ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ :ƵŶĞ
ϮϬϮϯďLJƚŚĞDŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐĂŶĚ&ĞƌƟůŝnjĞƌƐ͘dŚŝƐ
ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞŝƐŝŶŝƟĂƚĞĚĂƐĂŵĂƐƐŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƚŽƐĂǀĞƚŚĞ
ŚĞĂůƚŚŽĨDŽƚŚĞƌĂƌƚŚďLJƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞĂŶĚ
ďĂůĂŶĐĞĚƵƐĞŽĨĨĞƌƟůŝƐĞƌƐ͕ĂĚŽƉƟŶŐĂůƚĞƌŶĂƚĞĨĞƌƟůŝƐĞƌƐ͕
ƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐŽƌŐĂŶŝĐĨĂƌŵŝŶŐ͕ĂŶĚŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƟŶŐƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ
ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ͘hŶĚĞƌƚŚŝƐƐĐŚĞŵĞ͕ϱϬйŽĨ
ƚŚĞĨĞƌƟůŝƐĞƌƐƵďƐŝĚLJƐĂǀĞĚďLJĂ^ƚĂƚĞͬhdŝŶĂƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ
ĮŶĂŶĐŝĂů LJĞĂƌ ďLJ ǁĂLJ ŽĨ ƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶ ŝŶ ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶ ŽĨ
ĐŚĞŵŝĐĂůĨĞƌƟůŝƐĞƌƐ;hƌĞĂ͕W͕EW<͕DKWͿĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽ
ƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐϯLJĞĂƌƐ͛ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶǁŝůůďĞƉĂƐƐĞĚ
ŽŶƚŽƚŚĂƚ^ƚĂƚĞͬhdĂƐĂŐƌĂŶƚ͘
ůƐŽ͕ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ ůŝŬĞ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ ^ŽĂŬ ƉŝƚƐ͕
sĞƌŵŝĐŽŵƉŽƐƚͬEW Ɖŝƚ ĂŶĚ tĂƐƚĞ ƚŽ tĞĂůƚŚ
ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƌĞƵƐĞ ŽĨ ǁĂƐƚĞ ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐ͕
ǀĞƌŵŝĐŽŵƉŽƐƟŶŐ͕ ƌĞĐLJĐůŝŶŐ ŽĨ ŶŽŶͲďŝŽĚĞŐƌĂĚĂďůĞ
ǁĂƐƚĞĂƌĞƉƌŽŵŽƚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚDĂŚĂƚŵĂ'ĂŶĚŚŝEĂƟŽŶĂů
Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS)
by the Ministry of Rural Development towards village
ĐůĞĂŶůŝŶĞƐƐ;DŽZ͕ϮϬϮϭͿ͘
The green coverage in the villages can also be
ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚďLJĂĚŽƉƟŽŶŽĨĂŐƌŽĨŽƌĞƐƚƌLJ͕ĂĐŽƐƚͲĞīĞĐƟǀĞ
land management system that integrates crops,
ƚƌĞĞƐ ĂŶĚͬ ůŝǀĞƐƚŽĐŬ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ĂŶĚ
ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůďĞŶĞĮƚƐƚŽƐŵĂůůĂŶĚŵĂƌŐŝŶĂůĨĂƌŵĞƌƐ͘
Waste to Wealth: Towards Clean Villages
O
C
S.
Biogas and organic manure are promising green
TE
technologies that convert agricultural, industrial,
O
FN
D
.P
39
W
W
W

ĂŶŝŵĂů͕ ĂŶĚ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ǁĂƐƚĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƵƐĞĨƵů ĨŽƌŵƐ͕ ǀŝnj͕͘
ĞŶĞƌŐLJ͕ ĂŐƌŝͲŝŶƉƵƚ͕ ĞƚĐ͘ dŚĞ ďŝŽŐĂƐ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ ĐĂŶ ĨƵůĮů
the energy needs of the country and help regulate
ŐƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞ ŐĂƐ ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ͕ ƌĞĚƵĐĞ ƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ
improve waste management.
dŚĞ'ĂůǀĂŶŝƐŝŶŐKƌŐĂŶŝĐŝŽͲŐƌŽZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŚĂŶ
;'KZĚŚĂŶͿ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ͕ ůĂƵŶĐŚĞĚ ŝŶ ϮϬϭϴ͕ ŝƐ ĂŶ
integral component of Solid Waste Management under
WŚĂƐĞͲ// ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ^ǁĂĐŚŚ ŚĂƌĂƚ DŝƐƐŝŽŶ ;'ƌĂŵĞĞŶͿ ĨŽƌ
ĞŶƐƵƌŝŶŐĐůĞĂŶĂŶĚŐƌĞĞŶǀŝůůĂŐĞƐďLJĐŽŶǀĞƌƟŶŐŽƌŐĂŶŝĐ
ĂŶĚďŝŽĚĞŐƌĂĚĂďůĞǁĂƐƚĞ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐĐĂƩůĞĚƵŶŐ͕ŬŝƚĐŚĞŶ
ůĞŌŽǀĞƌƐ͕ĐƌŽƉƌĞƐŝĚƵĞ͕ŵĂƌŬĞƚǁĂƐƚĞ͕ĞƚĐ͕͘ŝŶƚŽďŝŽŐĂƐ
ĂŶĚ ďŝŽͲƐůƵƌƌLJ ƚŽ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞ ƚŚĞ ůŝǀĞƐ ŽĨ ǀŝůůĂŐĞƌƐ͘ /ƚ ŝƐ Ă
͚ǁĂƐƚĞ ƚŽ ǁĞĂůƚŚ͛ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ǁŚĞƌĞŝŶ ǁĂƐƚĞ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞĚ
ŝŶ ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ ŝƐ ƵƐĞĚ ƚŽ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞ ďŝŽͲŐĂƐ Žƌ ' ĂƐ ǁĞůů
ĂƐ ďŝŽͲƐůƵƌƌLJ Žƌ ďŝŽͲĨĞƌƟůŝƐĞƌ ĂŶĚ ŝƐ ŝŶ ƚƵŶĞ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ
ĐŝƌĐƵůĂƌ ĞĐŽŶŽŵLJ ĂŶĚ DŝƐƐŝŽŶ >ŝ& ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ
'ŽǀĞƌŶĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ /ŶĚŝĂ͘ hŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ ^DͲ'͕ ĮŶĂŶĐŝĂů
ĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞŽĨƵƉƚŽZƐ͘ϱϬůĂŬŚƉĞƌĚŝƐƚƌŝĐƚŝƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĨŽƌ
ƚŚĞĞŶƟƌĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƉĞƌŝŽĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϮϬͲϮϭƚŽϮϬϮϰͲϮϱ
ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƐĞƫŶŐ ƵƉ ŽĨ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJͲůĞǀĞů ďŝŽŐĂƐ ƉůĂŶƚ;ƐͿ
;DŽ:^͕ ϮϬϮϯͿ͘  ƚŽƚĂů ŽĨ ϲϴϯ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ďŝŽͲŐĂƐͬ'
ƉůĂŶƚƐ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ƐĞƚ ƵƉ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ϮϬϲ ĚŝƐƚƌŝĐƚƐ͘ dŚŝƐ ŚĂƐ
ŶƵŵĞƌŽƵƐĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞƐ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐĂŶĞĐŽͲĨƌŝĞŶĚůLJĞŶĞƌŐLJ
ƐŽƵƌĐĞ͕ ŶƵƚƌŝĞŶƚͲƌŝĐŚ ƐůƵƌƌLJ ƚŽ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞ ƐŽŝů ƋƵĂůŝƚLJ͕
ƌĞĚƵĐĞ ĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶĐĞ ŽŶ ĐŚĞŵŝĐĂů ĨĞƌƟůŝƐĞƌƐ͕ ĐůĞĂŶ
ƐƵƌƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐƐ͕ Ă ƌĞĚƵĐĞĚ ŝŶĐŝĚĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ǀĞĐƚŽƌͲďŽƌŶĞ
diseases, savings in economic costs arising out of poor
40
ƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĞĂůƚŚĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐ͕ƌĞĚƵĐĞĚŐƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞ
ŐĂƐĞ;','ͿĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ͕ĂƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞŝŵƉŽƌƚŽĨĐƌƵĚĞ
Žŝů ;&ŽƌĞdž ƐĂǀŝŶŐͿ͕ ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚLJ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ
ůŽĐĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ͕ĂƵŐŵĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞŝŶĐŽŵĞƐŽĨĨĂƌŵĞƌƐ͕
fostering entrepreneurship, and private investment in
the green energy sector.
The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
;DEZͿ ŝƐ ĂůƐŽ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƐƚĂůůĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ďŝŽŐĂƐ
ƉůĂŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƵƐĞ ĂƐ Ă ƐŽƵƌĐĞ ŽĨ ĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞ ĨƵĞůƐ
for cooking purposes in the country, including rural
ĂƌĞĂƐ͕ ƵŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ EĂƟŽŶĂů ŝŽŐĂƐ WƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ͘ dŚĞ
ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ ǁĂƐ ŶŽƟĮĞĚ ŝŶ EŽǀĞŵďĞƌ ϮϬϮϮ ǁŝƚŚ Ă
budgetary outlay of Rs. 1715 crore for a period from
ϭƉƌŝůϮϬϮϭƚŽϯϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϮϲƚŽďĞŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĞĚŝŶ
two phases. The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural
'ĂƐ ůĂƵŶĐŚĞĚ ƚŚĞ ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ
īŽƌĚĂďůĞdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ;^ddͿŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞŝŶKĐƚŽďĞƌ
ϮϬϭϴ͕ǁŚŝĐŚĂƐƐƵƌĞƐŽŏĂŬĞŽĨŝŽE'ŽƌŽŵƉƌĞƐƐĞĚ
ŝŽŐĂƐ ;'Ϳ ĂŌĞƌ ƉƵƌŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ Kŝů DĂƌŬĞƟŶŐ
ŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐ;KDƐͿĨŽƌƐĂůĞĂƐĂƵƚŽŵŽƟǀĞĨƵĞůƐ;DEZ͕
ϮϬϮϯͿ͘ƐƉĞƌƚŚĞhŶŝŽŶƵĚŐĞƚĂŶŶŽƵŶĐĞŵĞŶƚϮϬϮϯͲ
Ϯϰ͕ϮϬϬĐŽŵƉƌĞƐƐĞĚďŝŽŐĂƐ;'ͿƉůĂŶƚƐ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐϳϱ
ƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶƵƌďĂŶĂƌĞĂƐ͕ĂŶĚϯϬϬĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJͲŽƌĐůƵƐƚĞƌͲ
based plants will be established to promote the circular
ĞĐŽŶŽŵLJ͘dŚĞKƌŐĂŶŝĐĨĞƌƟůŝƐĞƌ͕ŝ͘Ğ͕͘&ĞƌŵĞŶƚĞĚKƌŐĂŶŝĐ
DĂŶƵƌĞ ;&KDͿͬ >ŝƋƵŝĚ &ĞƌŵĞŶƚĞĚ KƌŐĂŶŝĐ DĂŶƵƌĞ
;>&KDͿ͕ ƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŝŶŐ ŽĨ ƐůƵƌƌLJ ůĞŌ
ĂŌĞƌ ďŝŽŐĂƐ ĞdžƚƌĂĐƟŽŶ ǁŝůů ďĞ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ŵĂƌŬĞƚ
ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞĂƐƉĞƌ&ĞƌƟůŝnjĞƌŽŶƚƌŽůKƌĚĞƌ
;ϭϵϴϱͿ͘
Rural Industries
dŚĞ ĂŐƌŽĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ ĐĂŶ ĂƵŐŵĞŶƚ ƌƵƌĂů
ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĞƐ ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůLJ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ
ďŝŽŐĂƐ͕ ŵĂŶƵƌĞ͕ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŝŶŐ͕ ŵĂƌŬĞƟŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚ ǁĂƐƚĞ
ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĐŽƵƉůĞƐ ǁŝƚŚ ĐůĞĂŶ ĂŶĚ
green programmes. It can also support the animal
ŚƵƐďĂŶĚƌLJĂŶĚĚĂŝƌLJŝŶŐĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĚƵĞƚŽƚŚĞŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ
of livestock.
ŝŽŐĂƐ͕ĂƐŵŽŬĞͲĨƌĞĞĨƵĞů͕ŝƐĞŵĞƌŐŝŶŐĂƐĂƉƌŽŵŝƐŝŶŐ
ƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌLJ ŝŶ /ŶĚŝĂ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƐ ůĂďŽƵƌͲ
ŝŶƚĞŶƐŝǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐĂŶ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ
ƚŽ ďŽƚŚ ƐŬŝůůĞĚ ĂŶĚ ƵŶƐŬŝůůĞĚ ĐĂƚĞŐŽƌŝĞƐ͘ /ƚ ĨƵůĮůƐ ƚŚĞ
O
rural energy demand and provides a residue of organic
C
S.
ǁĂƐƚĞƚŚĂƚŚĂƐŶƵƚƌŝĞŶƚƋƵĂůŝƟĞƐŽǀĞƌƚŚĞƵƐƵĂůŽƌŐĂŶŝĐ
TE
ĨĞƌƟůŝƐĞƌ ĂŶĚ ĐĂƩůĞ ĚƵŶŐ͘ dŚĞ ƵƐĞ ŽĨ ďŝŽŐĂƐ ƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ
O
FN
D
.P
Kurukshetra October 2023
W
W
W
in an agrarian community can increase agricultural
ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀŝƚLJ͘dŚĞŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJŝŽŐĂƐΘ&ĞƌƟůŝƐĞƌWůĂŶƚďLJ
^hDh>ĚĂŝƌLJ͕EĂǀĂƉƵƌ͕ŚĂŐŝƌĂƚŚ'ƌĂŵǀŝŬĂƐWƌĂƟƐƚŚĂŶ
in Sindhudurg and Ratnagiri districts of Maharashtra,
' WůĂŶƚ͕ DƐ 'ŽǀĞƌĚŚĂŶŶĂƚŚũŝ ŶĞƌŐŝĞƐ >>W͕ <ŚĞĚĂ͕
'ƵũĂƌĂƚ͕ DĂŚŝŶĚƌĂ tĂƐƚĞ ƚŽ ŶĞƌŐLJ ^ŽůƵƟŽŶƐ >ƚĚ͕͘
dŝƌƵƉĂƟ͕ ŶĚŚƌĂ WƌĂĚĞƐŚ͕ ĂƌĞ Ă ĨĞǁ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐ ƐƚŽƌŝĞƐ
of the establishment of biogas plants that improved
villages environment and rural economy (Vaibhav
EĂƐĞƌLJ͕ϮϬϭϭ͖DŽWŶ'͕ϮϬϮϮ͖DŽ:^͕ϮϬϮϯďͿ͘KǀĞƌϭϮϬϬ
ŝŽŐĂƐWůĂŶƚƐƐƉƌĞĂĚĂĐƌŽƐƐϰϱϬĚŝƐƚƌŝĐƚƐŽĨƚŚĞĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ͘
 ƐƚƵĚLJ ďLJ ƚŚĞ /ŶĚŝĂŶ ŝŽŐĂƐ ƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ
ŵĞŶƟŽŶĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ũŽď ĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ ďLJ ƚŚĞ ďŝŽŐĂƐ ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌLJ ŝƐ
ĂƉƉƌŽdžŝŵĂƚĞůLJ ϱϱ͕ϬϬϬ ƐŬŝůůĞĚ ƉůĂŶƚ ĚĞƐŝŐŶĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƐŝƚĞ
ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌƐ͕ ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ƐĞŵŝͲ ĂŶĚ ůŽǁͲƐŬŝůůĞĚ ǁŽƌŬĞƌƐ ĨŽƌ
ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ͕ϭϬ͕ϬϬϬŚŝŐŚůLJƐŬŝůůĞĚĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌƐ
ƚŽŽǀĞƌƐĞĞĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ͕ĚĂƚĂŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ͕ĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌ
ĐƌŝƟĐĂů ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ƵŶƐŬŝůůĞĚ ǁŽƌŬĞƌƐ ƚŽ
ĐĂƌƌLJ ŽƵƚ ƌŽƵƟŶĞ ƉůĂŶƚ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ
;/͕ϮϬϮϯͿ͘
dŚĞ KƌŐĂŶŝĐ ĂŶĚ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ĨĂƌŵŝŶŐ ĂƌĞ ŝŵƉƌŽǀŝŶŐ
ƌƵƌĂůůŝǀĞůŝŚŽŽĚĂŶĚĐƌĞĂƟŽŶŽĨǀĂůƵĞĐŚĂŝŶ͕ĞdžƉŽƌƚĨŽƌ
ŶĂƚƵƌĂůͬŽƌŐĂŶŝĐ ĐŽŵŵŽĚŝƟĞƐ͘ ůƐŽ͕ ƚŚĞ 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ
ŝƐ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ ďŝŽͲŝŶƉƵƚ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ ĐĞŶƚƌĞƐ
ƚŽ ƐĐĂůĞ ƵƉ W<W ĂƐ ƚŚĞ EĂƟŽŶĂů DŝƐƐŝŽŶ ŽŶ EĂƚƵƌĂů
&ĂƌŵŝŶŐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚǁŝůůĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞϭĐƌŽƌĞĨĂƌŵĞƌƐƚŽĂĚŽƉƚ
natural farming.
Conclusion
ůĞĂŶĂŶĚ'ƌĞĞŶsŝůůĂŐĞŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐĐĂŶďĞĞdžƉĞĚŝƚĞĚ
ďLJ ƐĐĂůŝŶŐ ƵƉ ĂŐƌŽĞĐŽůŽŐLJͲďĂƐĞĚ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐ ĂŶĚ
ƐĐŚĞŵĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ŐƌĂƐƐƌŽŽƚƐ
ůĞǀĞůǁŝƚŚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĨƌŽŵƉĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚƐ͕ĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƐ͕^ĞůĨͲ
,ĞůƉ'ƌŽƵƉƐ;^,'Ϳ͕ĂŶĚǁŽŵĞŶͲ^,'Ɛ͘ ‰ approaches for sustainable agriculture and food
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ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚWƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ͘^ƚŽƌLJ͘ϰ:ƵŶĞϮϬϮϭ͘
Ϯ͘ &K͕ ϮϬϭϴ͘ dŚĞ ϭϬ ůĞŵĞŶƚƐ ŽĨ ŐƌŽĞĐŽůŽŐLJ͗ ŐƵŝĚŝŶŐ
ƚŚĞ ƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶ ƚŽ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ĨŽŽĚ ĂŶĚ ĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂů
ƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ͘ ZŽŵĞ͗ &ŽŽĚ ĂŶĚ ŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞ KƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ
ŽĨ ƚŚĞ hŶŝƚĞĚ EĂƟŽŶƐ ;&KͿ͘ ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ĨĂŽ͘ŽƌŐͬϯͬ
ŝϵϬϯϳĞŶͬŝϵϬϯϳĞŶ͘ƉĚĨ͘
ϯ͘ DŽ Θ &t͕ ϮϬϮϯ͘ ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ WƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ͘ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ
ŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞΘ&ĂƌŵĞƌƐtĞůĨĂƌĞ͕W/ƌĞůĞĂƐĞ͕ϮϴƚŚDĂƌĐŚ
ϮϬϮϯ͘
ϰ͘ DŽΘ &t͕ ϮϬϮϯ͘ KƌŐĂŶŝĐ &ĂƌŵŝŶŐ͘ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ
Kurukshetra October 2023
ŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞΘ&ĂƌŵĞƌƐtĞůĨĂƌĞ͕W/ƌĞůĞĂƐĞ͕ϭϰƚŚDĂƌĐŚ
ϮϬϮϯ͘
ϱ͘ DŽΘ &t͕ ϮϬϮϯ͘ ZĞǀŝĞǁ ƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐ ŽĨ WŚĂƐĞͲ/// ŽĨ
DŝƐƐŝŽŶ KƌŐĂŶŝĐ sĂůƵĞ ŚĂŝŶ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĨŽƌ EŽƌƚŚ
ĂƐƚĞƌŶ ZĞŐŝŽŶ͘ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ ŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞ Θ &ĂƌŵĞƌƐ
tĞůĨĂƌĞ͕W/ƌĞůĞĂƐĞ͕ϭϰƚŚ:ƵůLJϮϬϮϯ͘ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬƉŝď͘ŐŽǀ͘ŝŶͬ
WƌĞƐƐZĞůĞĂƐĞWĂŐĞ͘ĂƐƉdž͍WZ/сϭϵϯϵϲϬϰ
ϲ͘ ^DͲ'͕ ϮϬϮϮ͘ ^ǁĂĐŚŚ ŚĂƌĂƚ DŝƐƐŝŽŶͲ 'ƌĂŵĞĞŶ͘
DŝŶŝƐƚƌŝĞƐͬĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ ƚŽ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞ ͚'ƌĞĞŶ Θ
ůĞĂŶ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ͘ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ :Ăů ^ŚĂŬƟ ůŽŐ͘  ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬ
ƐďŵŐƌĂŵŝŶ͘ǁŽƌĚƉƌĞƐƐ͘ĐŽŵͬϮϬϮϮͬϬϰͬϬϰͬϵͲŵŝŶŝƐƚƌŝĞƐͲ
ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐͲƚŽͲƉƌŽŵŽƚĞͲŐƌĞĞŶͲĐůĞĂŶͲǀŝůůĂŐĞͬ
ϳ͘ DŽWZ͕ϮϬϮϭ͘>ŽĐĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶŽĨ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ
'ŽĂůƐŝŶWĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƚZĂũ/ŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ͘ZĞƉŽƌƚŽĨƚŚĞdžƉĞƌƚ
'ƌŽƵƉ͕DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨWĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƟZĂũ͕sŽůƵŵĞϮ͘
ϴ͘ DŽ&͕ ϮϬϮϯ͘ ŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞ ^ĞĐƚŽƌ ZĞŵĂŝŶƐ ƵŽLJĂŶƚ ǁŝƚŚ
ϰ͘ϲ WĞƌĐĞŶƚ ŶŶƵĂů 'ƌŽǁƚŚ ƵƌŝŶŐ >ĂƐƚ ^ŝdž zĞĂƌƐ͘
DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨ&ŝŶĂŶĐĞ͕W/ZĞůĞĂƐĞ͕ϯϭƐƚ:ĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϮϯ͘
ϵ͘ DEZ͕ϮϬϮϯ͘/ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽĨWƌŽũĞĐƚƐƵŶĚĞƌtĂƐƚĞ
to Energy Programme. Ministry of New and Renewable
ŶĞƌŐLJ͕W/ZĞůĞĂƐĞ͕ϭϭƚŚƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϮϯ͘
ϭϬ͘ DŽ:^͕ϮϬϮϯ͘ϲϰϯ'ŽďĂƌĚŚĂŶWůĂŶƚƐ^ĞƚƵƉhŶĚĞƌ^ǁĂĐŚŚ
ŚĂƌĂƚ DŝƐƐŝŽŶ ʹ 'ƌĂŵĞĞŶ͘ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ :Ăů ^ŚĂŬƟ͕ W/
ZĞůĞĂƐĞ͕ϮϬƚŚ:ƵůLJϮϬϮϯ͘
ϭϭ͘ DŽ:^͕ ϮϬϮϯĂ͘ ĐŚŝĞǀĞƐ ŶŽƚŚĞƌ DĂũŽƌ ^ĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶ
DŝůĞƐƚŽŶĞ Ͳ ϱϬй sŝůůĂŐĞƐ ƌĞ EŽǁ K& WůƵƐ hŶĚĞƌ
Swachh Bharat Mission Grameen Phase II. Ministry of
:Ăů^ŚĂŬƟ͕W/ƌĞůĞĂƐĞ͕ϭϬƚŚDĂLJϮϬϮϯ͘
ϭϮ͘ DŽ:^͕ ϮϬϮϯď͘ 'KZĚŚĂŶ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ĞŐŝŶƐ ZĞĂƉŝŶŐ
'ŽŽĚ ZĞƐƵůƚƐ Θ ^ƟŵƵůĂƟŶŐ /ŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚƐ /Ŷ ŝŽŐĂƐ
^ĞĐƚŽƌŝŶ/ŶĚŝĂ͘DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨ:Ăů^ŚĂŬƟ͕W/ZĞůĞĂƐĞ͕ϮϵƚŚ
:ƵůLJϮϬϮϯ͘
ϭϯ͘ DŽZ͕ ϮϬϮϭ͘ ůĞĂŶ 'ƌĞĞŶ sŝůůĂŐĞ tĞĞŬ ƵŶĚĞƌ
DĂŚĂƚŵĂ'ĂŶĚŚŝEZ'ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶ
ĂƐƉĂƌƚŽĨnjĂĂĚŝ<ĂŵƌŝƚDĂŚŽƚƐĂǀ͘DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨZƵƌĂů
ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕W/ZĞůĞĂƐĞ͕ϵƚŚEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϮϭ͘
ϭϰ͘ ,>W͕ ϮϬϭϵ͘ ŐƌŽĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ŝŶŶŽǀĂƟǀĞ
ƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞ ĨŽŽĚ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ŶƵƚƌŝƟŽŶ͘
 ƌĞƉŽƌƚ ďLJ ƚŚĞ ,ŝŐŚͲ>ĞǀĞů WĂŶĞů ŽĨ džƉĞƌƚƐ ŽŶ &ŽŽĚ
^ĞĐƵƌŝƚLJĂŶĚEƵƚƌŝƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŽŵŵŝƩĞĞŽŶtŽƌůĚ&ŽŽĚ
Security, Rome.
ϭϱ͘ /͕ ϮϬϮϮ͘ ZƵƌĂů ŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ 'ĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ
ŝŽŐĂƐ WƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ŝŶ sŝůůĂŐĞƐ ŽĨ /ŶĚŝĂ͘ /ŶĚŝĂŶ ŝŽŐĂƐ
ƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ;/ͿEĞǁƐ͘
ϭϲ͘ s<sŝũĂLJ͕Z͘WƌĂƐĂĚ͕:͘W͘^ŝŶŐŚĂŶĚs͘W͘^͘^ŽƌĂLJĂŶ͕ϭϵϵϲ͘
ĐĂƐĞĨŽƌďŝŽŐĂƐĞŶĞƌŐLJĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶĨŽƌƌƵƌĂůŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĞƐ
ŝŶ/ŶĚŝĂ͘ZĞŶĞǁĂďůĞŶĞƌŐLJ͕sŽů͘ϵ͕/ƐƐƵĞϭͲϰ͕ϵϵϯͲϵϵϲ͘
O
ϭϳ͘ sĂŝďŚĂǀ EĂƐĞƌLJ͕ ϮϬϭϭ͘ ŝŽŐĂƐ ĨŽƌ ƌƵƌĂů ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘
C
S.
^ƚƵĚLJ ƌĞƉŽƌƚ͘ ĞŶƚĞƌ ĨŽƌ dĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ ůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞƐ ĨŽƌ
TE
ZƵƌĂůƌĞĂƐ͕/ŶĚŝĂŶ/ŶƐƟtute of Technology Bombay.
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FN
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41
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TE
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42 Kurukshetra October 2023

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Kurukshetra October 2023

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 Harnessing the Power of Digital
Technology for Greener Villages

India is making remarkable strides in harnessing digital technologies to empower its

rural communities and propel them towards the creation of green villages. Government
GHSDUWPHQWV DJHQFLHV QRQSURÀWV DQG RWKHU VWDNHKROGHUV DUH OHYHUDJLQJ GLJLWDO
tools to disseminate valuable knowledge and resources on sustainable practices. As
these initiatives continue to evolve and expand, India is on a promising trajectory
towards a greener, more sustainable future where rural populations are equipped with
the information and support they need to thrive in harmony with the environment.

S
Balendu Sharma Dadhich

imilar to the global scenario, India

ŝƐ ĐŽŶƚĞŶĚŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ƐƵďƐƚĂŶƟĂů
environmental problems and witnessing
their consequences in the form of health threats,
declining biodiversity, and the threat of climate
ĐŚĂŶŐĞ͘ŽƚŚƵƌďĂŶĂŶĚƌƵƌĂů/ŶĚŝĂĂƌĞĂīĞĐƚĞĚďLJƚŚŝƐ
environmental crisis. While rural areas may exhibit
lower awareness of environmental concerns compared
to urban centres, it is the rural regions that bear a greater
burden of challenges stemming from an overburdened
ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͘ dŚŝƐ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ƉƌŝŵĂƌŝůLJ ĂƩƌŝďƵƚĞĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ
dŚĞ ŝŐŝƚĂů /ŶĚŝĂ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ŚĂƐ
connected lakhs of villages with
broadband internet, bridging the
digital divide and providing rural
ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐǁŝƚŚĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ
ĂŶĚ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ĞŶĚĞĂǀŽƵƌƐ
underscore India's commitment to
leveraging digital technology for a more
O

ŚĞĂǀLJĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶĐĞŽĨĂƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚƌƵƌĂůƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŽŶ sustainable and connected future.

C
S.

ĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞ͕ŚŽƌƟĐƵůƚƵƌĞ͕ĂŶĚĂŶŝŵĂůŚƵƐďĂŶĚƌLJ͕ĂůŽŶŐ
TE

ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝƌĐůŽƐĞƌĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶƚŽŶĂƚƵƌĞ͘
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dŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƐĂĐŽůƵŵŶŝƐƚĂŶĚƐĞŶŝŽƌƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂů͘ŵĂŝů͗ďĂůĞŶĚƵΛŐŵĂŝů͘ĐŽŵ
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 Rural India is dealing with several pressing
environmental issues. Inadequate waste disposal
ƐLJƐƚĞŵƐĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞƚŽǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ͕ĚĞƐƉŝƚĞ
ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ĞīŽƌƚƐ ƚŽ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞ ƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶ͘ /ŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚ
ĨŽŽĚ ĚĞŵĂŶĚ ĨƵĞůƐ ĚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚĂƟŽŶ ĂƐ ŵŽƌĞ ůĂŶĚ ŝƐ
ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ĨŽƌ ĨĂƌŵŝŶŐ͕ ĚĞƉůĞƟŶŐ ĨŽƌĞƐƚ ĐŽǀĞƌ͘ 'ƌŽǁŝŶŐ
ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ĞdžĂĐĞƌďĂƚĞ ƚŚŝƐ ŝƐƐƵĞ͕ ůĞĂĚŝŶŐ ƚŽ ŽǀĞƌ
ĐƵůƟǀĂƟŽŶ͘ ŝƌ ƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ ĂīĞĐƚƐ ďŽƚŚ ƵƌďĂŶ ĂŶĚ ƌƵƌĂů
areas, with crop residue burning and agricultural
ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĂƐŵĂũŽƌĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚŽƌƐ͘tĂƚĞƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĂƌŝƐĞƐ
ĨƌŽŵƉŽŽƌƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶ͕ůŝŵŝƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƐĞǁĞƌĂŐĞƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ
ĂŶĚŝŐŶŽƌĂŶĐĞŽĨďĂƐŝĐŚLJŐŝĞŶĞŝƐƐƵĞƐ͘^ŽŝůĚĞŐƌĂĚĂƟŽŶ
is another concerning problem due to the excessive use
ŽĨĐŚĞŵŝĐĂůĨĞƌƟůŝƐĞƌƐĂŶĚƉĞƐƟĐŝĚĞƐŝŶƌƵƌĂů/ŶĚŝĂ͘
dŽ ƚĂĐŬůĞ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶƐ͕ ůĞŐŝƐůĂƟǀĞ
ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ůŝŬĞ ƚŚĞ &ŽƌĞƐƚ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ Đƚ͕ ƚŚĞ ŝƌ
;WƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŽŶƚƌŽů ŽĨ WŽůůƵƟŽŶͿ Đƚ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ
tĂƚĞƌ ;WƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŽŶƚƌŽů ŽĨ WŽůůƵƟŽŶͿ Đƚ ŚĂǀĞ
ďĞĞŶƉƵƚŝŶƚŽĞīĞĐƚ͘tĞĂůƐŽŚĂǀĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ
ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ EĂƟŽŶĂů ĐƟŽŶ WůĂŶ ŽŶ ůŝŵĂƚĞ ŚĂŶŐĞ
and the Green India Mission in place. Nonetheless,
ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ŝŶƐƵĸĐŝĞŶƚ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ͕ Ă
ƐŚŽƌƚĂŐĞŽĨƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂůŬŶŽǁͲŚŽǁ͕ĂŶĚůŝŵŝƚĞĚƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ
ŚĂǀĞ ŚŝŶĚĞƌĞĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ
enforcement. Technology can play a pivotal role in
ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŝƐƐƵĞƐ͕ĂƐŝƚŽīĞƌƐƉƌŽŵŝƐŝŶŐĂǀĞŶƵĞƐ
ƚŽ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĞŶĨŽƌĐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ
environmental laws and build greater awareness of
related issues. We have an opportunity to harness the
ďĞŶĞĮƚƐŽĨĞŵĞƌŐŝŶŐƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐƚŽďŽůƐƚĞƌŽƵƌĞīŽƌƚƐ
to safeguarding the environment across the country,
ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐŽƵƌƌƵƌĂůƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ͘
Role of Digital Technology
/Ŷ ƚŚĞ ĞǀĞƌͲĞǀŽůǀŝŶŐ ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ŽĨ ŽƵƌ ĚŝŐŝƚĂů
age, technology has woven itself into the very fabric
of our lives and society. And here lies a profound
opportunity—one that has the power to usher in a
greener, more sustainable future for India's urban
centres and its rural heartlands. It is a force that can be
harnessed to champion environmental sustainability
ŝŶǁĂLJƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƐŽŶĂƚĞĨĂƌďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌĐŝƟĞƐĂŶĚƚŽǁŶƐ͘
dŽĚĂLJ͕ŽƵƌǀŝůůĂŐĞƐĂƌĞďĞƩĞƌĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚƚŚĂŶĞǀĞƌǁŝƚŚ
ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƚŚĞ/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚ͘ZĞĐĞŶƚĚĂƚĂ
suggests that rural India has overshadowed urban India
in terms of the growing numbers of Internet users.
It is within this transforming landscape that
Kurukshetra October 2023
we discover a potent catalyst for change: digital
ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ͘ /Ĩ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞĚ ǁŝƐĞůLJ͕ ƚŚĞLJ ĐĂŶ ŽīĞƌ Ă
unique means to raise awareness about environmental
ŝƐƐƵĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĨŽƐƚĞƌ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ͘ WŝĐƚƵƌĞ Ă
scenario where farmers, even in the remotest hamlets,
ĐĂŶƚĂƉŝŶƚŽĚŝŐŝƚĂůƉůĂƞŽƌŵƐĨŽƌŝŶƐŝŐŚƚƐŽŶƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ
ĨĂƌŵŝŶŐ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ĂŶĚ ƟŵĞůLJ ǁĞĂƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞĐĂƐƚƐ͘
Imagine the ability to remotely monitor air and water
ƋƵĂůŝƚLJ͕ ƚƌĂĐŬ ĚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ƉŝŶƉŽŝŶƚ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů
ƌĞĚŇĂŐƐ͕ĂůůƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞŵĂƌǀĞůƐŽĨĚŝŐŝƚĂůƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ͘
ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞ ƌĞĂĐŚ ŽĨ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŵĞĚŝĂ ĂŶĚ
ƚĞůĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ ƚŽ ĚŝƐƐĞŵŝŶĂƚĞ ĂŶĚ
ĚĞůŝǀĞƌƚŚĞŵĞƐƐĂŐĞĂŶĚŬŶŽǁͲŚŽǁƚŽŵĂŬĞŽƵƌǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ
green.
It's heartening to note that many such
developments are already taking place in India. Today,
we can see many examples of how digital technology is
ƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵŝŶŐƌƵƌĂůĂƌĞĂƐŝŶƚŽĞĐŽͲĨƌŝĞŶĚůLJĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ
ďLJ ĂŝĚŝŶŐ ĨĂƌŵĞƌƐ ŝŶ ďĞƩĞƌ ĐƌŽƉ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͕
ƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐ ƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ ĂĚŽƉƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĚƵĐŝŶŐ
waste through tracking and recycling. There are many
ŝŶƐƚĂŶĐĞƐǁŚĞƌĞŝƚŝƐŚĞůƉŝŶŐƚŽŝŵƉƌŽǀĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ
ĞĸĐŝĞŶĐLJĂŶĚĐŽŶŶĞĐƚƉĞŽƉůĞ͘ůůŽĨƚŚŝƐŝƐĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŶŐ
to a more sustainable and connected future for our
villages.
LJůĞǀĞƌĂŐŝŶŐǀĂƌŝŽƵƐĚŝŐŝƚĂůŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ͕ƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶ
is equipping its people with sustainable agricultural
ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ ƵƐŝŶŐ ĐŽŶƚĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ŵŽďŝůĞ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ͕
ďĞŶĞĮƟŶŐ ŵŝůůŝŽŶƐ ŽĨ ĨĂƌŵĞƌƐ͕ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ LJŝĞůĚƐ͕
ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀŝŶŐǁĂƚĞƌ͕ĂŶĚƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞĨĂƌŵŝŶŐ͘
India is also addressing waste management through the
^ǁĂĐŚŚŚĂƌĂƚDŝƐƐŝŽŶ͕ĞŵƉůŽLJŝŶŐĚŝŐŝƚĂůƚŽŽůƐůŝŬĞŐĞŽͲ
tagging and mobile apps to track progress and engage
ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ ŝŶ ƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶ ĞīŽƌƚƐ͘ &ƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ͕ ƚŚĞ
ŝŐŝƚĂů /ŶĚŝĂ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ŚĂƐ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚ ůĂŬŚƐ ŽĨ ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ
with broadband internet, bridging the digital divide and
ƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐƌƵƌĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐǁŝƚŚĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ
ĂŶĚ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ĞŶĚĞĂǀŽƵƌƐ ƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞ
India's commitment to leveraging digital technology for
a more sustainable and connected future.
The Government's Approach
The Government of India is employing digital
ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ƚŽ ĂĚǀĂŶĐĞ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ
O
ĂŶĚĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐŝŶĂŵƵůƟĨĂĐĞƚĞĚƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJ͘dŚŝƐŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ
C
S.
ƵƟůŝƐŝŶŐ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŵĞĚŝĂ ƉůĂƞŽƌŵƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ &ĂĐĞŬ͕
TE
dǁŝƩĞƌ͕ ĂŶĚ /ŶƐƚĂŐƌĂŵ ƚŽ ĚŝƐƐĞŵŝŶĂƚĞ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ
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ĂďŽƵƚ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ͕ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ
successes, fostering increased awareness among the
ƉƵďůŝĐ͘ ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůůLJ͕ ƚŚĞ 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ŚĂƐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ
ŵŽďŝůĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƐĞƌǀĞ ĂƐ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ƚŽŽůƐ͕
ŽīĞƌŝŶŐ ĐŝƟnjĞŶƐ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ĂďŽƵƚ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů
ŝƐƐƵĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ĞŵƉŽǁĞƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞŵ ƚŽ ƚĂŬĞ
ŵĞĂŶŝŶŐĨƵůĂĐƟŽŶƐ͘ŝŐŝƚĂůŵĂƉƐĂŶĚĚĂƚĂƉůĂLJĂĐƌƵĐŝĂů
role in tracking progress towards environmental goals,
ĂůůŽǁŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĞĚ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ ĂůůŽĐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ
ŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŽĨĂƌĞĂƐƌĞƋƵŝƌŝŶŐĨƵƌƚŚĞƌĂƩĞŶƟŽŶ͘
&ƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ͕ ƚŚĞ 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ
ĚŝŐŝƚĂů ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ƚŽ ĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJ ĞŶŐĂŐĞ ĐŝƟnjĞŶƐ ŝŶ
ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ ĞīŽƌƚƐ͕ ƵƟůŝƐŝŶŐ ŽŶůŝŶĞ
ƉůĂƞŽƌŵƐ ƚŽ ŐĂƚŚĞƌ ĨĞĞĚďĂĐŬ͕ ƐŽůŝĐŝƚ ŝŶŶŽǀĂƟǀĞ ŝĚĞĂƐ͕
ĂŶĚ ŵŽďŝůŝƐĞ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐ ĨŽƌ ĂĐƟǀĞ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ ŝŶ
ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ͘ dŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚŚŝƐ
comprehensive approach, the Government harnesses
the power of digital tools to champion environmental
causes, shaping an informed and environmentally
ĐŽŶƐĐŝŽƵƐƐŽĐŝĞƚLJĐŽŵŵŝƩĞĚƚŽƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚLJ͘
ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĨĂďƌŝĐ ŽĨ ŽƵƌ ƌƵƌĂů ƐŽĐŝĞƚLJ͕ ƐƵĐŚ
ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ ĚŽŶΖƚ ŐŽ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ĨĂĐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƐŚĂƌĞ ŽĨ
challenges. Some of these challenges are:
ͻ >ĂĐŬŽĨǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ͗dŚĞƌĞŝƐƐƟůůĂůĂĐŬŽĨĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ
about environmental issues among many people
ŝŶ/ŶĚŝĂ͘dŚŝƐŵĂŬĞƐŝƚĚŝĸĐƵůƚƚŽĞŶŐĂŐĞƉĞŽƉůĞŝŶ
ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶĂŶĚĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚƐ͘
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ͻ dŚĞ ŝŐŝƚĂů ŝǀŝĚĞ͗  ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚ ƉŽƌƟŽŶ ŽĨ ŽƵƌ
ƌƵƌĂů ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ ƐƟůů ĞdžŝƐƚƐ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ĨĂƌ ĞŶĚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ
digital ecosystem. Lack of access to digital devices,
ůŝŵŝƚĂƟŽŶƐ ƚŽ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚLJ͕ ĂŶ ƵŶŝŶƚĞƌƌƵƉƚĞĚ
power supply, and a lack of digital literacy pose
ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐƚŽƚŚĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐŽĨĚŝŐŝƚĂůŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ͘
ͻ >ĂĐŬŽĨZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͗'ŝǀĞŶƚŚĞƐŝnjĞŽĨŽƵƌĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ͕
ƚŚĞƌĞ ǁŝůů ĂůǁĂLJƐ ďĞ ůŝŵŝƚĂƟŽŶƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ
(funds, human resources, and others) that can be
employed to implement all of the Government's
ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ
ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ͘ dŚŝƐ ŵĞĂŶƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƚ ŚĂƐ ƚŽ ƉƌŝŽƌŝƟƐĞ ŝƚƐ
ĞīŽƌƚƐĂŶĚĨŽĐƵƐŽŶƚŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌĞƐƐŝŶŐŝƐƐƵĞƐ͘
ͻ >ĂĐŬ ŽĨ ŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƟŽŶ͗ dŚĞƌĞ ĐĂŶ ďĞ Ă ůĂĐŬ ŽĨ
ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƟŽŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ
ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĞŶƚƌĂů
ĂŶĚ ^ƚĂƚĞ ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ͕ ŶŽŶͲƉƌŽĮƚƐ͕ ƌƵƌĂů
ďŽĚŝĞƐ͕ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŝǀĂƚĞ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ͘ dŚŝƐ
ĐĂŶůĞĂĚƚŽĚƵƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶŽĨĞīŽƌƚƐĂŶĚĂůĂĐŬŽĨĨŽĐƵƐ͘
Despite such challenges, the Government is
ĐŽŵŵŝƩĞĚ ƚŽ ƵƐŝŶŐ ĚŝŐŝƚĂů ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ƚŽ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞ
ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ ĂŵŽŶŐ ƚŚĞ
ƌƵƌĂů ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ͘ dŚĞ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ĞdžĂŵƉůĞƐ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ Ă
ƐŚŝŶŝŶŐƚĞƐƟŵŽŶLJƚŽƚŚĞƐĞĞīŽƌƚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌŝŵƉĂĐƚ͘
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dŚĞDŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͕&ŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞ
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ŚĂŶŐĞ;DŽ&ͿŝŶ/ŶĚŝĂŝƐĂĐƟǀĞůLJƵƐŝŶŐƐŽĐŝĂůŵĞĚŝĂ 'ĂŶŐĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ƐƚĂŶĚƐ ĂƐ Ă ĐŽŵƉĞůůŝŶŐ ŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ
ƉůĂƞŽƌŵƐůŝŬĞ&ĂĐĞŬ͕dǁŝƩĞƌ͕ĂŶĚ/ŶƐƚĂŐƌĂŵ͕ĂůŽŶŐ of how digital technologies can be harnessed to
ǁŝƚŚĂŵƵůƟůŝŶŐƵĂůǁĞďƐŝƚĞ͕ƚŽĞĚƵĐĂƚĞǀŝůůĂŐĞƌƐĂďŽƵƚ ĐŚĂŵƉŝŽŶ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ͘ dŚŝƐ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ
ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůŝƐƐƵĞƐƐƵĐŚĂƐĂŝƌĂŶĚǁĂƚĞƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ͕ĂƐ ďĞĂƌƐƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůƚŽĞīĞĐƚƐƵďƐƚĂŶƟĂůĐŚĂŶŐĞ
ǁĞůůĂƐĚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚĂƟŽŶ͘dŚĞLJĂůƐŽƐŚĂƌĞŝŶƐƉŝƌŝŶŐƐƚŽƌŝĞƐ ŝŶƚŚĞĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞ'ĂŶŐĂZŝǀĞƌ͕ĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƟŶŐƚŚĞ
of environmental successes and call on people to take ƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂƟǀĞ ƉŽǁĞƌ ŽĨ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ ŝŶ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů
ĂĐƟŽŶ͘ĞLJŽŶĚĚŝŐŝƚĂůŽƵƚƌĞĂĐŚ͕ƚŚĞDŽ&ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚƐ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͘
workshops and training sessions in villages to enhance
dŚĞtĂƚĞƌƐŚĞĚKƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶdƌƵƐƚ
environmental awareness and empower residents to
ĞŶŐĂŐĞŝŶĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶĞīŽƌƚƐ͘ ƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚ ŝŶ ϭϵϵϯ͕ tKdZ͕ ĂŶ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůůLJ
ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞĚ ŶŽŶƉƌŽĮƚ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƚŚŝŶŬ ƚĂŶŬ͕
ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůůLJ͕ ƚŚĞ ŵŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ĮŶĂŶĐŝĂů
ŽƉĞƌĂƚĞƐ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶǀĞƌŐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͕ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ͕
support to villagers for various environmental projects,
ĂŶĚ ƉŽůŝĐLJ͕ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ĚŝǀĞƌƐĞ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ
ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƚƌĞĞ ƉůĂŶƟŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƌĂŝŶǁĂƚĞƌ ŚĂƌǀĞƐƟŶŐ
ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ƐĞĐƚŽƌƐ ƚŽ ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ƚŚĞ ŵƵůƟĨĂĐĞƚĞĚ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ
ƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ͘ ĞƐƉŝƚĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂďůĞ ĞīŽƌƚƐ͕
ĨĂĐĞĚ ďLJ ǀƵůŶĞƌĂďůĞ ƌƵƌĂů ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ ŝŶ /ŶĚŝĂ͘ dŚĞŝƌ
challenges persist, including limited internet access
overarching mission centres on ensuring water and
among villagers and illiteracy, which hinder some
food security, livelihoods, and income stability to
ĨƌŽŵ ďĞŶĞĮƟŶŐ ĨƵůůLJ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ
ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ƚŚĞ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ǁĞůůͲďĞŝŶŐ
ĂŶĚ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ͘ EĞǀĞƌƚŚĞůĞƐƐ͕ ƚŚĞ DŽ& ƌĞŵĂŝŶƐ
ŽĨ ĚŝƐĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞĚ ƌƵƌĂů ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐ͘ dŚĞŝƌ ĨŽĐƵƐ ĂƌĞĂƐ
ĐŽŵŵŝƩĞĚƚŽƌĂŝƐŝŶŐĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐĂŵŽŶŐ
encompass watershed management, natural resource
villagers and addressing these obstacles to foster a
ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ͕
greener and more sustainable future for rural India.
ĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞůLJ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŶŐ ƚŽ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞĚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ
dŚĞEĂŵĂŵŝ'ĂŶŐĞWƌŽũĞĐƚ management, reduced soil erosion, and biodiversity
ƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͘
dŚĞ EĂŵĂŵŝ 'ĂŶŐĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͕ Ă ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚͲ
ůĞĚ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ĂŝŵĞĚ Ăƚ ƌĞǀŝƚĂůŝƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ 'ĂŶŐĂ ZŝǀĞƌ͕ tKdZ ŚĂƌŶĞƐƐĞƐ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ĚŝŐŝƚĂů ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ƚŽ
ŚĂƐ ŚĂƌŶĞƐƐĞĚ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĚŝŐŝƚĂů ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌƚŚĞŝƌĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚLJŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐŝŶ
ƚŽ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞ ŝƚƐ ĂŵďŝƟŽƵƐ ĐůĞĂŶƵƉ ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ͘ tŝƚŚ Ă ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ͘dŚĞƐĞƚŽŽůƐĞŶĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŐĞŽƐƉĂƟĂůƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ
ŵƵůƟĨĂĐĞƚĞĚ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ͕ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞƐĞ ůŝŬĞ ƐĂƚĞůůŝƚĞ ŝŵĂŐĞƌLJ ĂŶĚ ŐĞŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ
ĚŝŐŝƚĂů ƚŽŽůƐ ƚŽ ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌ ƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐ͕ ƉŝŶƉŽŝŶƚ ƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ systems (GIS) for mapping water resources and land use,
ŚŽƚƐƉŽƚƐ͕ĂŶĚƌĂůůLJĐŝƟnjĞŶƐƚŽƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞĂĐƟǀĞůLJŝŶƚŚĞ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ;/dƐͿůŝŬĞ
ƌĞƐƚŽƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĂĐƌĞĚƌŝǀĞƌ͘ ŵŽďŝůĞ ƉŚŽŶĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĞƚ ĨŽƌ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ͕
KŶĞ ŬĞLJ ĂƐƉĞĐƚ ŽĨ ƚŚŝƐ ĞŶĚĞĂǀŽƵƌ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞƐ
ƵƟůŝƐŝŶŐ ƐĂƚĞůůŝƚĞ ŝŵĂŐĞƌLJ ƚŽ ŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐůLJ ƚƌĂĐŬ ƚŚĞ
ĞdžƚĞŶƚŽĨƉŽůůƵƟŽŶǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞ'ĂŶŐĂZŝǀĞƌ͘dŚŝƐĚĂƚĂŝƐ
ŝŶǀĂůƵĂďůĞ ŝŶ ŝĚĞŶƟĨLJŝŶŐ ĂƌĞĂƐ ŵŽƐƚ ƐĞǀĞƌĞůLJ ĂīĞĐƚĞĚ
ďLJ ƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƐƵďƐĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJ ƉƌŝŽƌŝƟƐŝŶŐ ĐůĞĂŶƵƉ
ĞīŽƌƚƐ͘ ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůůLJ͕ ŐĞŽƐƉĂƟĂů ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ƉůĂLJ Ă
pivotal role in mapping the river's intricate course. This
ŵĂƉƉŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀĞƐ ĂƐ Ă ĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶĂů ƚŽŽů ĨŽƌ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ
ĐůĞĂŶƵƉĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŶƟŶƵŽƵƐůLJŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐƉƌŽũĞĐƚ
advancement.
,ĂƌŶĞƐƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƌĞĂĐŚ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚLJ ŽĨ ƐŽĐŝĂů
ŵĞĚŝĂ͕ ƚŚĞ EĂŵĂŵŝ 'ĂŶŐĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ĂĐƟǀĞůLJ ĞŶŐĂŐĞƐ
ĐŝƟnjĞŶƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐůĞĂŶƵƉ ĚƌŝǀĞ͘ /ƚ ƵƟůŝƐĞƐ ƉůĂƞŽƌŵƐ
O

ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ &ĂĐĞŬ͕ dǁŝƩĞƌ͕ ĂŶĚ ŵŽƌĞ ƚŽ ĚŝƐƐĞŵŝŶĂƚĞ

C
S.

ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͕ ĞůŝĐŝƚ ĨĞĞĚďĂĐŬ͕ ĂŶĚ

TE

mobilise individuals to join the cause. The Namami

O
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Kurukshetra October 2023

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ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ƐŚĂƌŝŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ƐŽĐŝĂů
ŵĞĚŝĂ ƉůĂƞŽƌŵƐ ůŝŬĞ &ĂĐĞŬ ĂŶĚ dǁŝƩĞƌ ĨŽƌ ƌĂŝƐŝŶŐ
awareness and fostering community engagement on
environmental issues.
dŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞŝƌŝŶŶŽǀĂƟǀĞƵƐĞŽĨĚŝŐŝƚĂůƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ͕
tKdZ ŚĂƐ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚůLJ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĂǀĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚLJ͕
reduced soil erosion, and promoted biodiversity
ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ŝŶ ƌƵƌĂů /ŶĚŝĂ͘ dŚĞLJΖǀĞ ĂůƐŽ ĞŵƉŽǁĞƌĞĚ
ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ƐŬŝůůƐ ĂŶĚ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ŶĞĞĚĞĚ
ƚŽŵĂŶĂŐĞƚŚĞŝƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞīĞĐƟǀĞůLJ͘tKdZΖƐ
ĞdžĞŵƉůĂƌLJ ǁŽƌŬ ĞdžĞŵƉůŝĮĞƐ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ĚŝŐŝƚĂů
technology in advancing environmental sustainability,
ĂŶĚ ĂƐ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞǀŽůǀĞ͕ ǁĞ ĐĂŶ
ĂŶƟĐŝƉĂƚĞĞǀĞŶŵŽƌĞŝŶŶŽǀĂƟǀĞĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐƚŽďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ
ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞĂŶĚƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶƚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘
dŚĞĞŶƚƌĞĨŽƌŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ
dŚĞ ĞŶƚƌĞ ĨŽƌ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ;Ϳ͕ Ă
ŶŽŶƉƌŽĮƚ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ ĨŽƵŶĚĞĚ ŝŶ ϭϵϴϰ͕ ŝƐ ĚĞĚŝĐĂƚĞĚ
ƚŽƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ
ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŝŶ/ŶĚŝĂ͘tŝƚŚĂǀĂƐƚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŽĨŽǀĞƌϭ͕ϬϬϬ
ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶƐĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ͕ĞŵƉůŽLJƐ
a diverse array of strategies to raise environmental
ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĚƌŝǀĞƉŽƐŝƟǀĞĐŚĂŶŐĞ͘
Ɛ Ă ŶĂƟŽŶĂů ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶ͕ ͛Ɛ ŵĂŶĚĂƚĞ ŝƐ ƚŽ
ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ ŶĂƟŽŶǁŝĚĞ͘ 
ĚĞǀĞůŽƉƐ ŝŶŶŽǀĂƟǀĞ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů
ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂů ĂŶĚ ďƵŝůĚƐ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĮĞůĚ ŽĨ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ
ĨŽƌ ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ;^Ϳ͘ /ƚ ŝƐ ĐŽŵŵŝƩĞĚ
ƚŽ ĞŶƐƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ;Ϳ ůĞĂĚƐ
ƚŽ ĂĐƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘ /ƚ ƵŶĚĞƌƚĂŬĞƐ
ĮĞůĚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞ ĂŶĚ ǀĂůŝĚĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ƌŽůĞ
ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐĂŶƉůĂLJŝŶƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘
 ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŵĞĚŝĂ ĂƐ Ă ƉŽǁĞƌĨƵů ƚŽŽů
ƚŽ ĞdžƚĞŶĚ ŝƚƐ ƌĞĂĐŚ͕ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJ ŝŶ ƌƵƌĂů /ŶĚŝĂ͘ dŚĞLJ
ŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶĂ&ĂĐĞŬƉĂŐĞǁŝƚŚƚŚŽƵƐĂŶĚƐŽĨĨŽůůŽǁĞƌƐ͕
ƵƟůŝƐŝŶŐ ŝƚ ƚŽ ƐŚĂƌĞ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ŽŶ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů
ŵĂƩĞƌƐ͕ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĨŽƐƚĞƌ
ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶƐ͘ tŝƚŚ Ă ůĂƌŐĞ ŶƵŵďĞƌ ŽĨ
ĨŽůůŽǁĞƌƐ ŽŶ dǁŝƩĞƌ͕ ƚŚĞLJ ĚŝƐƐĞŵŝŶĂƚĞ ĐŽŶĐŝƐĞ
environmental messages, highlight successes, and
ĞŶŐĂŐĞ ŝŶ ŵĞĂŶŝŶŐĨƵů ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐĂƟŽŶƐ͘ dŚĞŝƌ zŽƵdƵďĞ
channel serves as a repository for environmental
ǀŝĚĞŽƐ͕ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ͕ĂŶĚƐƵĐĐĞƐƐƐƚŽƌŝĞƐ͘
ΖƐ ĂĚĞƉƚ ƵƐĞ ŽĨ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŵĞĚŝĂ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚůLJ
ĂŵƉůŝĮĞƐ ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ ŽĨ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ŝƐƐƵĞƐ ŝŶ ƌƵƌĂů
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ĐŽƐƚͲĞīĞĐƟǀĞ ŵĂƐƐ ŽƵƚƌĞĂĐŚ͕ ƉƌĞĐŝƐĞ ƚĂƌŐĞƟŶŐ ŽĨ
ƐƉĞĐŝĮĐ ĚĞŵŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐƐ͕ ƌĞĂůͲƟŵĞ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟǀĞ
ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƐŚĂƌŝŶŐ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞŵŽďŝůŝƐĂƟŽŶŽĨŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐ
ƚŽĂĐƟǀĞůLJĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůĐŽŶĐĞƌŶƐ͘hůƟŵĂƚĞůLJ͕
ΖƐ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĚŝŐŝƚĂů ƉůĂƞŽƌŵƐ ĂůŝŐŶƐ
seamlessly with their overarching mission to advance
ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚLJŝŶ/ŶĚŝĂ͘
dŚĞŝŐŝƚĂů'ƌĞĞŶ/ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ
ŝŐŝƚĂů'ƌĞĞŶŝƐĂŐůŽďĂůĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ
dedicated to improving the lives of smallholder farmers
in countries like India, Ethiopia, and Afghanistan. They
ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞƚŚŝƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂĐŽŵďŝŶĂƟŽŶŽĨĚŝŐŝƚĂůƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ
ĂŶĚůŽĐĂůƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉƐ͘KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŝƌƉƌŝŵĂƌLJĨŽĐƵƐĞƐŝƐ
ƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞĨĂƌŵŝŶŐƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐĂŶĚĞŶŚĂŶĐŝŶŐ
ĨŽŽĚƐĞĐƵƌŝƚLJ͘dŚĞŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶƵƟůŝƐĞƐĂƌĂŶŐĞŽĨĚŝŐŝƚĂů
ƚŽŽůƐ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐǀŝĚĞŽƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ͕ŵŽďŝůĞƉŚŽŶĞƐ͕ĂŶĚ
ĚĂƚĂ ĂŶĂůLJƟĐƐ͕ ƚŽ ĚĞůŝǀĞƌ ůŽĐĂůůLJ ƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚ ĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂů
ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƚŽƐŵĂůůŚŽůĚĞƌĨĂƌŵĞƌƐ͘dŚĞLJĂůƐŽůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞ
ĚŝŐŝƚĂůƉůĂƞŽƌŵƐƚŽĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĨĂƌŵĞƌƐǁŝƚŚŵĂƌŬĞƚƐĂŶĚ
ŽīĞƌƚŚĞŵĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽĮŶĂŶĐŝĂůƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͘
ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ ŝƐ Ă ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚ ĂƐƉĞĐƚ
of Digital Green's work. They collaborate with
ĨĂƌŵĞƌƐƚŽĂĚǀŽĐĂƚĞƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞĨĂƌŵŝŶŐƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐůŝŬĞ
ĐƌŽƉ ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂŐƌŽĨŽƌĞƐƚƌLJ͕ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ
agriculture. Moreover, they harness digital
technologies for monitoring soil health, water quality,
ĂŶĚĚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚĂƟŽŶ͘
India is making remarkable strides in harnessing
ĚŝŐŝƚĂůƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐƚŽĞŵƉŽǁĞƌŝƚƐƌƵƌĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ
ĂŶĚƉƌŽƉĞůƚŚĞŵƚŽǁĂƌĚƐƚŚĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶŽĨŐƌĞĞŶǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ͘
'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ͕ ŶŽŶͲƉƌŽĮƚƐ͕
and other stakeholders are leveraging digital tools to
disseminate valuable knowledge and resources on
ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ͘ &ƌŽŵ ƐĐŚŽŽůͲďĂƐĞĚ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ
to community engagement and policy advocacy, these
ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ ĂƌĞ ĨŽƐƚĞƌŝŶŐ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ
ĂŶĚ ĂĐƟŽŶ͘ tŝƚŚ ĂŶ ĞdžƉĂŶƐŝǀĞ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŵĞĚŝĂ ƉƌĞƐĞŶĐĞ
ĂŶĚ ŝŶŶŽǀĂƟǀĞ ƵƐĞ ŽĨ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ͕ ƚŚĞLJΖƌĞ ŶŽƚ ŽŶůLJ
ƌĂŝƐŝŶŐ ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ ďƵƚ ĂůƐŽ ĂĐƟǀĞůLJ ŝŶǀŽůǀŝŶŐ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ
ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞƐĞ ĞīŽƌƚƐ͘ Ɛ ƚŚĞƐĞ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ
ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƚŽĞǀŽůǀĞĂŶĚĞdžƉĂŶĚ͕/ŶĚŝĂŝƐŽŶĂƉƌŽŵŝƐŝŶŐ
trajectory towards a greener, more sustainable future
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ǁŚĞƌĞ ƌƵƌĂů ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ĂƌĞ ĞƋƵŝƉƉĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ
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with the environment. ‰
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Kurukshetra October 2023
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Kurukshetra October 2023

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Strengthening Rural Economy with Clean
and Green Initiatives
India has implemented the National Action Plan on Climate Change, which
includes eight missions focusing on various sectors such as solar power, energy
HIÀFLHQF\VXVWDLQDEOHKDELWDWVDQGPRUH,QGLDLVSRLVHGWRDFKLHYHLWVHQHUJ\
independence target through clean technology by 2047, with a major emphasis
on the ‘Make in India’ initiative.

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Dr. Harender Raj Gautam

ur natural environment is our most
precious inheritance, which we need
ƚŽ ƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞ ĨŽƌ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͘
India is blessed with a wonderful variety of natural
landscapes and habitats, and we need to undertake
ĐůĞĂŶ ĂŶĚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ ŽŶ Ă ůŽŶŐͲƚĞƌŵ ďĂƐŝƐ ƚŽ
ƉƌŽƚĞĐƚĂŶĚůĞƚƚŚĞŵŇŽƵƌŝƐŚŽŶĂƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞďĂƐŝƐĨŽƌ
ĨƵƚƵƌĞŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͘dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬ͛ƐϮϬϭϵ͚ĞLJŽŶĚƚŚĞ
'ĂƉ͛ƌĞƉŽƌƚĮŶĚƐƚŚĂƚϵϰϬŵŝůůŝŽŶƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ
ĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ͕ ϲϲϯ ŵŝůůŝŽŶ ůĂĐŬ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĚ ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ŽĨ
ĚƌŝŶŬŝŶŐǁĂƚĞƌ͕ĂŶĚϮ͘ϰďŝůůŝŽŶůĂĐŬŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĚƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶ
ĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ͘tĞŶĞĞĚƚŽĮŶĚƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐƚŽƚŚĞƐĞƉƌŽďůĞŵƐ
ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŐƌĞĞŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ͘dŚĞƌĞŝƐĂŶĞĞĚ
to adopt green technologies as more than a quarter
ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŶĞƚ͛Ɛ ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ ƌĞůLJ ŽŶ ĨŽƌĞƐƚƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞŝƌ
Need for Green and Clean Technologies
India needs to focus on a green economy at the
ǀŝůůĂŐĞ ůĞǀĞů ƚŚĂƚ ŝƐ ůŽǁͲĐĂƌďŽŶ͕ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞͲĞĸĐŝĞŶƚ͕
and socially inclusive. Global access to clean energy is
of paramount importance because, as per the World
,ĞĂůƚŚ KƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ ;t,KͿ͕ ĂďŽƵƚ ϯ͘ϴ ŵŝůůŝŽŶ ƉĞŽƉůĞ
ĚŝĞ ƉƌĞŵĂƚƵƌĞůLJ ĞĂĐŚ LJĞĂƌ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ĂĚǀĞƌƐĞ ĞīĞĐƚƐ
ŽĨŝŶĚŽŽƌĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞǀĂƐƚŵĂũŽƌŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞƐĞ
ĚĞĂƚŚƐ ŽĐĐƵƌ ĂŵŽŶŐ ƚŚĞ Ϯ͘ϲ ďŝůůŝŽŶ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ŝŶ ƉŽŽƌ
ĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐǁŚŽƐƟůůďƵƌŶǁŽŽĚ͕ĐŽĂů͕ĐŚĂƌĐŽĂů͕ŽƌĂŶŝŵĂů
dung indoors for cooking. Women and children are most
vulnerable because, while doing household chores,
ƚŚĞLJĂƌĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĞdžƉŽƐĞĚƚŽƚŚŝƐƚŽdžŝĐƐŵŽŬĞ͕ǁŚŝĐŚ
ƉĞŶĞƚƌĂƚĞƐ ĚĞĞƉ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ůƵŶŐƐ͘ t,K ŚĂƐ ůĂƵĚĞĚ ƚŚĞ
ĞīĞĐƟǀĞ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ŽĨ ƐǁŝƚĐŚŝŶŐ ƚŽ ďŽƩůĞĚ ĐŽŽŬŝŶŐ ŐĂƐ
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ůŝǀĞůŝŚŽŽĚ͕ǁŚŝůĞϭ͘ϮďŝůůŝŽŶƉĞŽƉůĞŝŶƚƌŽƉŝĐĂůĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ promoted on a large scale in India is saving countless

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rely on nature for their basic needs.

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dŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƐƌĞĐŝƉŝĞŶƚŽĨ͚ĂƌƚŚĂƌĞǁĂƌĚ͛ĂŶĚĨŽƌŵĞƌƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌĂŶĚŚĞĂĚ͕ƌ͘z͘^͘WĂƌŵĂƌhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨ,ŽƌƟĐƵůƚƵƌĞĂŶĚ
.P

50
&ŽƌĞƐƚƌLJ͘ŵĂŝů͗ŚƌŐͺŵƉƉΛLJĂŚŽŽ͘ĐŽŵ Kurukshetra October 2023
W
W
W
 ůĞĂŶ ĂŶĚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ ĂƌĞ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ĨŽƌ
improving the overall human development index and
ĞŶƐƵƌŝŶŐƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘^ĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶ͕ŚLJŐŝĞŶĞ͕
and the availability of portable and clean drinking
water are all vital for the improvement of the human
development index, as 1.4 million people die annually
and 74 million will have their lives shortened by
ĚŝƐĞĂƐĞƐƌĞůĂƚĞĚƚŽƉŽŽƌǁĂƚĞƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJ͕ƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ
ŚLJŐŝĞŶĞ;t,KϮϬϮϮͿ͘&ƵƌƚŚĞƌ͕ĂůŵŽƐƚŚĂůĨŽĨƚŚĞŐůŽďĂů
ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ͕ ĐŽƵŶƟŶŐ ƵƉ ƚŽ ϯ͘ϲ ďŝůůŝŽŶ ƉĞŽƉůĞ͕ ůĂĐŬƐ
ƐĂĨĞ ƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶ ;t,KͬhE/& ϮϬϮϭͿ͘ t,K ĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐ
that ensuring safely managed drinking water for all
ŚŽƵƐĞŚŽůĚƐŝŶƚŚĞĐŽƵŶƚƌLJĐŽƵůĚĂǀĞƌƚŶĞĂƌůLJϰϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ
deaths caused by diarrheal diseases and prevent
ĂƉƉƌŽdžŝŵĂƚĞůLJϭϰŵŝůůŝŽŶŝƐĂďŝůŝƚLJĚũƵƐƚĞĚ>ŝĨĞzĞĂƌƐ
;>zƐͿ ƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞƐĞ ĚŝƐĞĂƐĞƐ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŽƚŚĞƌǁŝƐĞ
can immensely contribute to our development. This
ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚ ĂůŽŶĞ ǁŽƵůĚ ƌĞƐƵůƚ ŝŶ ĞƐƟŵĂƚĞĚ ĐŽƐƚ
savings of up to $ ϭϬϭďŝůůŝŽŶ͘/ŶĚŝĂŚĂƐŵĂĚĞƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚ
ŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐ ƚŽ ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ƚŚĞƐĞ ǀŝƚĂů ŝƐƐƵĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ t,K
ŚĂƐŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚĞĚƚŚĞƐƵďƐƚĂŶƟĂůďĞŶĞĮƚƐŽĨƚŚĞHar Ghar
Jal programme in India. There has been an increase in
ƌƵƌĂů ƚĂƉ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶƐ ĨƌŽŵ ϭϲ͘ϲϰй ŝŶ ϮϬϭϵ ƚŽ
ϲϮ͘ϴϰйŝŶϮϬϮϯ͕ǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĂǀĞƌƟŶŐϭϯ͘ϴŵŝůůŝŽŶ
>zƐ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŵĞĂŶƐ ĂŶ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŚƵŵĂŶ
development index.
WŽƚĞŶƟĂůŽĨZĞŶĞǁĂďůĞŶĞƌŐLJ'ĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶͲsŝƐŝŽŶ
and Mission
Energy is vital for development, and renewable
energy can ensure sustainable development in harmony
ǁŝƚŚ ŶĂƚƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͘ dŚĞ EĂƟŽŶĂů
/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞ ŽĨ ^ŽůĂƌ ŶĞƌŐLJ ŚĂƐ ĂƐƐĞƐƐĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ͛Ɛ
ƐŽůĂƌƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůĂƚĂďŽƵƚϳϰϴ't͕ĂƐƐƵŵŝŶŐϯƉĞƌĐĞŶƚ
of the waste land area will be used for installing such
ĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ͘dŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂů^ŽůĂƌDŝƐƐŝŽŶŝƐŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŬĞLJ
ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ ŝŶ /ŶĚŝĂΖƐ EĂƟŽŶĂů ĐƟŽŶ WůĂŶ ŽŶ ůŝŵĂƚĞ
ŚĂŶŐĞ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ǁĂƐ ůĂƵŶĐŚĞĚ ŽŶ ϭϭth :ĂŶƵĂƌLJ ϮϬϭϬ͕
and it will promote ecologically sustainable growth
while addressing India’s energy security challenges.
dŚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ͛ƐŽďũĞĐƟǀĞŝƐƚŽĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ/ŶĚŝĂĂƐĂŐůŽďĂů
ůĞĂĚĞƌŝŶƐŽůĂƌĞŶĞƌŐLJ͕ĂŶĚ/ŶĚŝĂ͛ƐĐƵŵƵůĂƟǀĞŝŶƐƚĂůůĞĚ
ƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJ ƌĞĂĐŚĞĚ ϭϳϵ͘ϯϮϮ 't ĂƐ ŽĨ :ƵůLJ
ϮϬϮϯ͘ ŵŽŶŐ ƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞ ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ƐŽůĂƌ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ
ŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶĞĚ ŝƚƐ ĚŽŵŝŶĂŶĐĞ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŶŐ ϲϳ͘Ϭϳ 't͕
ǁŝŶĚĞŶĞƌŐLJĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŶŐϰϮ͘ϴ't͘/ŶĚŝĂĂŝŵƐĨŽƌϱϬϬ
't ŽĨ ŝŶƐƚĂůůĞĚ ƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĮǀĞ
ŵŝůůŝŽŶƚŽŶŶĞƐŽĨŐƌĞĞŶŚLJĚƌŽŐĞŶďLJϮϬϯϬ͘/ŶĚŝĂĂŝŵƐƚŽ
ƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĮǀĞŵŝůůŝŽŶƚŽŶŶĞƐŽĨŐƌĞĞŶŚLJĚƌŽŐĞŶďLJϮϬϯϬ͘
Kurukshetra October 2023
dŚŝƐǁŝůůďĞƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚďLJϭϮϱ'tŽĨƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞĞŶĞƌŐLJ
capacity, for which 57 solar parks with an aggregate
ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJŽĨϯϵ͘Ϯϴ'tŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶĂƉƉƌŽǀĞĚ͘
Renewable energy in India is given a major thrust
to advance economic development, enhance energy
ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚLJ͕ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ ƚŽ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ͕ ĂŶĚ ŵŝƟŐĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ
impact of climate change. As some parts of our country
ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞ ŽǀĞƌ ϯϬϬ ĚĂLJƐ ŽĨ ƐƵŶƐŚŝŶĞ ĞǀĞƌLJ LJĞĂƌ ĚƵĞ ƚŽ
/ŶĚŝĂ͛Ɛ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ůŽĐĂƟŽŶ ĂůŽŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĞƋƵĂƚŽƌ͕ ŝƚ ůĞŶĚƐ ƵƐ
Ă ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞ ŝŶ ƐŽůĂƌ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ͘ tĞ
also have a similar advantage in wind energy due to
ŽƵƌϴ͕ϬϬϬͲŬŝůŽŵĞƚƌĞĐŽĂƐƚůŝŶĞ͘ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůůLJ͕/ŶĚŝĂΖƐǀĂƐƚ
ŚLJĚƌŽƉŽǁĞƌ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŝƐ ĞƐƟŵĂƚĞĚ Ăƚ ŽǀĞƌ ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ
DtĚƵĞƚŽƚŚĞǁĞĂůƚŚŽĨƌŝǀĞƌƐŝŶĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƉĂƌƚƐŽĨƚŚĞ
ĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ďŽƵŶƟĞƐ ŚĂǀĞ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ /ŶĚŝĂ
with a unique opportunity to lead the way in renewable
ĞŶĞƌŐLJ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ Ă ŐƌĞĞŶ ĞĐŽŶŽŵLJ͘
Renewable energy can bring prosperity to our rural
landscape. Results are quite visible, as we see Modhera
ǀŝůůĂŐĞ ŝŶ 'ƵũĂƌĂƚ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝƐ /ŶĚŝĂ͛Ɛ ĮƌƐƚ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ ƚŽ ďĞ
ƉŽǁĞƌĞĚďLJƐŽůĂƌĂůůĚĂLJ͕ĞǀĞƌLJĚĂLJ͕ǁŝƚŚϭ͕ϯϬϬƌŽŽŌŽƉ
ƉĂŶĞůƐ ŽŶ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂů ĂŶĚ ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ ƚŚĂƚ
are connected to a power plant. The solar power plant
in this village has not only reduced the energy bills of
the villagers but is also becoming a source of income
as any surplus power they generate is being sold back
ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŐƌŝĚ͘ ^ƵĐŚ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ ĂƌĞ ďĞŝŶŐ ƚĂŬĞŶ ŝŶ ŵĂŶLJ
States. The State Government in Himachal Pradesh
is progressing on a path to becoming a green energy
ƐƚĂƚĞǁŝƚŚĂŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƚĂƌŐĞƚ
ŽĨϱϬϬDtŽĨƐŽůĂƌĞŶĞƌŐLJŝŶƐƚĂůůĂƟŽŶĨŽƌƚŚĞĮŶĂŶĐŝĂů
LJĞĂƌ ϮϬϮϯͲϮϰ͘ dŚĞ ^ƚĂƚĞ 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ŚĂƐ ĚĞĐŝĚĞĚ ƚŽ
develop two green Panchayats in each district with the
ŝŶƐƚĂůůĂƟŽŶŽĨϱϬϬ<tƚŽŽŶĞDt͘
'ƌĞĞŶ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ ĂƌĞ ŶĞĞĚĞĚ
mostly to be focussed on rural areas, as problems
ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŶŐƚŽŶĂƚƵƌĞĂŶĚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůĚĞŐƌĂĚĂƟŽŶ
are more prevalent here. Green rural development can
ƐƟŵƵůĂƚĞ ƌƵƌĂů ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĞƐ͕ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ ũŽďƐ͕ ŚĞůƉ ŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶ
ĐƌŝƟĐĂůĞĐŽƐLJƐƚĞŵƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͕ĂŶĚƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞ
resilience of the rural poor. According to the joint report
ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŽƵŶĐŝů ŽŶ ŶĞƌŐLJ͕ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ tĂƚĞƌ
;tͿ͕ƚŚĞEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝů;EZͿ
/ŶĚŝĂ͕ ĂŶĚ ^Ŭŝůů ŽƵŶĐŝů ĨŽƌ 'ƌĞĞŶ :ŽďƐ ;^':Ϳ͕ /ŶĚŝĂ
ĐĂŶĐƌĞĂƚĞĂďŽƵƚϯ͘ϰŵŝůůŝŽŶũŽďƐďLJŝŶƐƚĂůůŝŶŐϮϴϬ't
O
ƐŽůĂƌ ĂŶĚ ϭϰϬ 't ǁŝŶĚ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJ ĂƐ ŝƚ ŵŽǀĞƐ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ
C
S.
ĂĐĐŽŵƉůŝƐŚŝŶŐŝƚƐŐŽĂůŽĨϱϬϬ'tŶŽŶͲĨŽƐƐŝůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ
TE
ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJ ďLJ ϮϬϯϬ͘ dŚĞ ǁŝŶĚ ĂŶĚ ƐŽůĂƌ
O
FN
D
.P
51
W
W
W
energy markets have already employed a workforce
ŽĨϭϭϭ͕ϰϬϬƉĞŽƉůĞ͘/ŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ŽƵƌƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞĞŶĞƌŐLJ
ƐĞĐƚŽƌ ĐŽƵůĚ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůůLJ ĞŵƉůŽLJ ĂƌŽƵŶĚ ŽŶĞ ŵŝůůŝŽŶ
ƉĞŽƉůĞďLJϮϬϯϬ͕ǁŚŝĐŚǁŽƵůĚďĞƚĞŶƟŵĞƐŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶ
ƚŚĞĞdžŝƐƟŶŐǁŽƌŬĨŽƌĐĞ͘dŽĂƵŐŵĞŶƚƚŚŝƐǁŽƌŬĨŽƌĐĞ͕ŽƵƌ
skill development programme is in place, as more than
ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬƉĞŽƉůĞŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶƚƌĂŝŶĞĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶϮϬϭϱĂŶĚ
ϮϬϮϭ͕ ĂŶĚ ϳϴ͕ϬϬϬ ƚƌĂŝŶĞĞƐ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ĐĞƌƟĮĞĚ ƵŶĚĞƌ
ƚŚĞ ŶĂƟŽŶĂůͲůĞǀĞů ƐŽůĂƌ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ ^ƵƌLJĂŵŝƚƌĂ ƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ
programme.
'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚWŽůŝĐŝĞƐĂŶĚ/ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ
dŚĞ hŶŝŽŶ ƵĚŐĞƚ ϮϬϮϯ ŚĂƐ ƚĂŬĞŶ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚ
ƐƚĞƉƐ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐ Ă ŐƌĞĞŶ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ ƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶ ŝŶ
ƚŚĞĐŽƵŶƚƌLJǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĂůůŽĐĂƟŽŶŽĨZƐ͘ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬĐƌŽƌĞĨŽƌ
ƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJ ĐĂƉŝƚĂů ŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ ƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶ
ĂŶĚ EĞƚ ĞƌŽ ŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐ͘ dŽ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶ ƚŚĞ ŶĂƟŽŶΖƐ
ƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞĞŶĞƌŐLJƐĞĐƚŽƌ͕ƚŚĞ'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŚĂƐĂůůŽƩĞĚ
ZƐ͘ϭϬ͕ϮϮϮĐƌŽƌĞƚŽƚŚĞDŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨEĞǁĂŶĚZĞŶĞǁĂďůĞ
Energy, which will help reduce reliance on fossil fuels
and foster the use of clean and sustainable energy
ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͘ &ƵƌƚŚĞƌ͕ ƚŚĞƌĞ ŝƐ ĂŶ ƵƉƟĐŬ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ďƵĚŐĞƚĂƌLJ
ĂůůŽĐĂƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƐŽůĂƌ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶ ĂůůŽĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ
ZƐ͘ ϱ͕ϯϯϭ͘ϱ ĐƌŽƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚ ďƵĚŐĞƚ͘ &ƵƌƚŚĞƌ͕ ZƐ͘
ϮϬ͕ϳϬϬ ĐƌŽƌĞ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ĂůůŽĐĂƚĞĚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĞƌͲƐƚĂƚĞ
ƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶůŝŶĞďĞŝŶŐĐƌĞĂƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞĞǀĂĐƵĂƟŽŶĂŶĚ
ŐƌŝĚ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ϭϯ ŐŝŐĂǁĂƩƐ ŽĨ ƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ
from Ladakh.
/ŶĚŝĂ ŚĂƐ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĞĚ ƚŚĞ EĂƟŽŶĂů ĐƟŽŶ WůĂŶ
ŽŶ ůŝŵĂƚĞ ŚĂŶŐĞ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ ĞŝŐŚƚ ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ
focusing on various sectors such as solar power, energy
ĞĸĐŝĞŶĐLJ͕ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ŚĂďŝƚĂƚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŵŽƌĞ͘ /ŶĚŝĂ ŝƐ
poised to achieve its energy independence target
ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĐůĞĂŶ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ ďLJ ϮϬϰϳ͕ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ŵĂũŽƌ
ĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ͚DĂŬĞ ŝŶ /ŶĚŝĂ͛ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ͘ /ŶǀĞƐƚŽƌƐ
are showing increased interest in the sectors of
ďĂƩĞƌLJƐƚŽƌĂŐĞ͕ĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ͕ĂŶĚŐƌĞĞŶŚLJĚƌŽŐĞŶ͘
The Government has also taken a policy decision by
ƉĞƌŵŝƫŶŐ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĚŝƌĞĐƚ ŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚ ;&/Ϳ ƵƉ ƚŽ ϭϬϬ
ƉĞƌĐĞŶƚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĂƵƚŽŵĂƟĐƌŽƵƚĞŝŶƚŚĞƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞ
ĞŶĞƌŐLJƐĞĐƚŽƌƚŽƐŚĂƉĞƚŚĞŐůŽďĂůŶĂƌƌĂƟǀĞŝŶĨĂǀŽƵƌ
ŽĨ ĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ͘
Ɛ ƐŽŵĞ ƐƚĂƚĞƐ ŚĂǀĞ ůŽĐĂƟŽŶ ĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ
ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞĞŶĞƌŐLJ͕ƚŚĞĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƚŽǁĂŝǀĞ
ŝŶƚĞƌͲƐƚĂƚĞƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐLJƐƚĞŵĐŚĂƌŐĞƐĨŽƌƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌͲ
ƐƚĂƚĞƐĂůĞŽĨƐŽůĂƌĂŶĚǁŝŶĚƉŽǁĞƌ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞĚĞĐůĂƌĂƟŽŶ
ŽĨ Ă ƚƌĂũĞĐƚŽƌLJ ĨŽƌ ƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞ ƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞ ŽďůŝŐĂƟŽŶ ƵƉ
ƚŽƚŚĞLJĞĂƌϮϬϮϵͲϯϬŝƐƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚƚŽǁĂƌĚƐƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐ
52
ŐƌĞĞŶĞŶĞƌŐLJ͘ŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞĨŽƌƚŚĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ
ŽĨ ƵůƚƌĂͲŵĞŐĂ ƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ ƉĂƌŬƐ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ
undertaken to facilitate solar project developers in
ƐĞƫŶŐƵƉƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐĞdžƉĞĚŝƟŽƵƐůLJ͘
ŶŽƚŚĞƌ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ĞŶƚƌĂů 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ
ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ĨŽƌ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĂŶĚ ĐůĞĂŶ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ŝƐ WDͲ
WZED;WƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌWƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞĨŽƌZĞƐƚŽƌĂƟŽŶ͕
ǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ͕EŽƵƌŝƐŚŵĞŶƚĂŶĚŵĞůŝŽƌĂƟŽŶŽĨDŽƚŚĞƌ
ĂƌƚŚͿ͕ǁŚŝĐŚƐĞĞŬƐƚŽŝŶĐĞŶƟǀŝƐĞƚŚĞĞŶƟƌĞĐŽƵŶƚƌLJƚŽ
ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞĨĞƌƟůŝƐĞƌƐĂŶĚƚŚĞďĂůĂŶĐĞĚƵƐĞŽĨ
ĐŚĞŵŝĐĂů ĨĞƌƟůŝƐĞƌƐ͘ dŚĞ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ ĂŝŵƐ ƚŽ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞ
ƚŚĞƵƐĞŽĨďŝŽͲĨĞƌƟůŝƐĞƌƐĂŶĚƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJƌĞĚƵĐĞƚŚĞ
ƵƐĞ ŽĨ ĐŚĞŵŝĐĂů ĨĞƌƟůŝƐĞƌƐ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƉŽƐĞ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ƌŝƐŬƐ͕
ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ŚĞĂůƚŚ ŚĂnjĂƌĚƐ͕ ďLJ ĞŶƚĞƌŝŶŐ ŽƵƌ ĨŽŽĚ ĐŚĂŝŶƐ
ĂŶĚĂƌĞƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞĨŽƌĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůĚĞŐƌĂĚĂƟŽŶĂƐ
well. This will help our farmers and the people in rural
areas.
ĚŽƉƟŽŶ ŽĨ ŐƌĞĞŶ ŚLJĚƌŽŐĞŶ ĂƐ ĂŶ ĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞ
ƐŽƵƌĐĞ ŽĨ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ ĐĂŶ ĞŶĂďůĞ /ŶĚŝĂ ƚŽ ĂďĂƚĞ ϯ͘ϲ
ŐŝŐĂƚŽŶŶĞƐŽĨKϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĐƵŵƵůĂƟǀĞůLJƟůůϮϬϱϬĂŶĚ
ƌĞĚƵĐĞŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůĐŽĂůŝŵƉŽƌƚƐďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚ͘ƉƉƌŽǀĂů
ŽĨƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂů'ƌĞĞŶ,LJĚƌŽŐĞŶDŝƐƐŝŽŶŝƐĂƐƚĞƉĂŚĞĂĚ
ƚŽŵĂŬĞ/ŶĚŝĂĂŐůŽďĂůŚƵďĨŽƌƚŚĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ͕ƵƟůŝƐĂƟŽŶ͕
ĂŶĚĞdžƉŽƌƚŽĨ'ƌĞĞŶ,LJĚƌŽŐĞŶĂŶĚŝƚƐĚĞƌŝǀĂƟǀĞƐ͘EĞǁ
ĞŶĞƌŐLJƚƌĂĚŝŶŐƉůĂƞŽƌŵƐƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĂůůLJĨŽƌƚŚĞƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞ
energy market, i.e., the Green Term Ahead Market
(GTAM) and the Green Day Ahead Market (GDAM)
ŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚĨŽƌƐĞůůŝŶŐŽīƚŚĞƉŽǁĞƌďLJƚŚĞ
renewable developers in the open market without
ŐĞƫŶŐ ŝŶƚŽ ůŽŶŐͲƚĞƌŵ WŽǁĞƌ WƵƌĐŚĂƐĞ ŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚƐ
;WWƐͿ͘ dŚĞ /ŶĚŝĂŶ ŶĞƌŐLJ džĐŚĂŶŐĞ ;/yͿ ƚƌĂĚĞĚ Ϯϳϱ
ŵŝůůŝŽŶ ƵŶŝƚƐ ;DhͿ ŽĨ ƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ ŝŶ :ƵůLJ ϮϬϮϯ
alone. The UJALA LED bulb campaign is transforming
the energy landscape and reducing emissions by a
ƐƚĂŐŐĞƌŝŶŐϰϬŵŝůůŝŽŶƚŽŶŶĞƐĂŶŶƵĂůůLJ͘dŚĞ^ŬŝůůƐŽƵŶĐŝů
ĨŽƌ 'ƌĞĞŶ :ŽďƐ ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐ ƚŽ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů
awareness into job training across skilling programmes
ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ͚'ƌĞĞŶEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĐƵƉĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ͛ĨŽƌƚŚĞ
workplace.
Role of Self-Help Groups
^ĞůĨͲ,ĞůƉ'ƌŽƵƉƐ;^,'ƐͿŚĂǀĞďĞĐŽŵĞƚŚĞĨƵůĐƌƵŵ
ĂŶĚ ĐĂƚĂůLJƐƚ ĨŽƌ ŵĂũŽƌŝƚLJ ŽĨ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĂů ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ͘
dŚĞƌĞŝƐĂŶĞĞĚƚŽƌŽƉĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞŐƌŽƵƉƐŝŶƉŽƉƵůĂƌŝƐĂƟŽŶ
ĂŶĚĂĚŽƉƟŽŶŽĨŐƌĞĞŶĂŶĚĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ͕ĂƐ
O
/ŶĚŝĂŚĂƐĂƌŽƵŶĚϭ͘ϮĐƌŽƌĞ^,'Ɛ͕ŵŽƐƚůLJŝŶƌƵƌĂůĂƌĞĂƐ
C
S.
ĂŶĚϴϴƉĞƌĐĞŶƚďĞŝŶŐĂůůͲǁŽŵĞŶ^,'Ɛ͘ƵƚŶŽǁƚŚĞŝƌ
TE
ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŝƐ ĂůƐŽ ŚĂƌŶĞƐƐĞĚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĐůĞĂŶ ĂŶĚ ŐƌĞĞŶ
O
FN
D
.P
Kurukshetra October 2023
W
W
W
ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ͕ƐƵĐŚĂƐƚŚĞ^ǁĂĐŚŚŚĂƌĂƚDŝƐƐŝŽŶ'ƌĂŵĞĞŶ
;^DͲ'Ϳ͘ ^DͲ' ŝƐ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚůLJ ŝŶ ŝƚƐ ƐĞĐŽŶĚ ƉŚĂƐĞ͕ ĂŶĚ
ŝƚƐ ŵĂŝŶ Ăŝŵ ŝƐ ƚŽ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶ /ŶĚŝĂ ĂƐ KƉĞŶ ĞĨĞĐĂƟŽŶͲ
&ƌĞĞ͕ ĂůŽŶŐǁŝƚŚ ƐŽůŝĚ ĂŶĚ ůŝƋƵŝĚ ǁĂƐƚĞ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͘
dŚŝƐ ĐŽŵƉƌŝƐĞƐ ďŝŽͲĚĞŐƌĂĚĂďůĞ ǁĂƐƚĞ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͕
ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ 'KZĚŚĂŶ͕ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ ƚŽ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĚ ǁĂLJƐ ŽĨ
ŶŽŶͲďŝŽĚĞŐƌĂĚĂďůĞ ǁĂƐƚĞ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ŐƌĞLJǁĂƚĞƌ
management, and faecal sludge management leading
ƚŽ ǀŝƐƵĂů ĐůĞĂŶůŝŶĞƐƐ͘ KŶůLJ ƚŚĞ ǁŽŵĞŶ ŝŶ ŽƵƌ ǀŝůůĂŐĞƐ
ĐĂŶĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞůLJĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞƚŚĞŽƌĚĞĂůŽĨĚĞĨĞĐĂƟŶŐŝŶ
ƚŚĞ ŽƉĞŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ďĞŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ďŝŐŐĞƐƚ ďĞŶĞĮĐŝĂƌŝĞƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ
K& ĚƌŝǀĞ͕ ŝƚ ůĞĚ ƚŽ ŵŽƌĞ ĂŶĚ ŵŽƌĞ ǁŽŵĞŶ ĐŽŵŝŶŐ
forward to lead this movement and becoming the key
ƚŽŝƚƐƐƵĐĐĞƐƐ͘ƐŵĂŶLJĂƐϯϬƚŽϰϬƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨǁŽŵĞŶ
volunteers known as ‘Swachhagrahis’ triggered the
ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ŽĨ ďƌŝŶŐŝŶŐ ĂďŽƵƚ ĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞ ďĞŚĂǀŝŽƵƌĂů
changes through the emergence of natural leaders.
tŽŵĞŶ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀĞƐ͕ ĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ŝŶ WĂŶĐŚĂLJĂƟ ZĂũ
ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ͕ĂůƐŽƉůĂLJĞĚĂŶĂĐƟǀĞƌŽůĞŝŶŵĂŶLJƉůĂĐĞƐ͘/ƚ
was established without doubt that the involvement of
ǁŽŵĞŶůĞĚƚŽƚŚĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐŽĨ^DͲ'͕ŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƌŝƐŽŶƚŽ
ĞĂƌůŝĞƌƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶĚƌŝǀĞƐ͘
ŵĞƌŐŝŶŐ KƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ ǁŝƚŚ 'ƌĞĞŶ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ
/ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ
ͻ ^ŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚŵĂƌŬĞƚŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚLJĞdžŝƐƚƐŝŶ/ŶĚŝĂ͛ƐƌƵƌĂů
ĞĐŽŶŽŵLJĨŽƌŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJ
ŝŶŶŽǀĂƟŽŶƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĨĂƌŵ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ͘ WŽƚĞŶƟĂů ƵƐĞƐ ŽĨ
ƚŚĞƐĞĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞĞŶĞƌŐLJŽƉƟŽŶƐŝŶĐůƵĚĞƉĞƐƟĐŝĚĞ
ƐƉƌĂLJŝŶŐ͕ ƌŝĐĞ ƚƌĂŶƐƉůĂŶƟŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŚĂƌǀĞƐƟŶŐ ŐƌĂŝŶ
ĐƌŽƉƐ͕ Ăůů ŽĨ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĐƵŵƵůĂƟǀĞůLJ ŚĂǀĞ Ă ƚŽƚĂů
ŵĂƌŬĞƚƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůŽĨĂďŽƵƚh^ϰϬďŝůůŝŽŶ͘
ͻ ůĞĂŶ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ ŝŶŶŽǀĂƟŽŶƐ ĐŽƵůĚ ƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵ
ĞŶƚĞƌƉƌŝƐĞƐ ĞŶŐĂŐĞĚ ŝŶ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ĐƵƐƚŽŵ
tailoring, food processing, poultry, and livestock
rearing among others.
ͻ /Ŷ ƌƵƌĂů ĂƌĞĂƐ͕ ϮϬ ŽĚĚ ůŝǀĞůŝŚŽŽĚ ĂƉƉůŝĂŶĐĞƐ ƐƵĐŚ
ĂƐƐŽůĂƌƉƵŵƉƐ͕ƐŽůĂƌͲƉŽǁĞƌĞĚŵŝůŬŝŶŐŵĂĐŚŝŶĞƐ͕
milk chillers, sewing machines, solar charkhas,
ĐŽůĚƐƚŽƌĂŐĞ͕ĂŶĚŬŶĂƉƐĂĐŬƐƉƌĂLJĞƌĐĂŶĞīĞĐƟǀĞůLJ
run on decentralised renewable energy (DRE). As
ƚŚĞ'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŚĂƐŝŶĐĞŶƟǀŝƐĞĚƚŚĞƐĞŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ͕
ŝƚǁŝůůŚĞůƉŝŶĐŽƐƚĐƵƫŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐƌŽƉŽĨƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ
with overall gains.
&ŽĐƵƐƌĞĂƐƚŽĐĐĞůĞƌĂƚĞhƐĞŽĨZĞŶĞǁĂďůĞŶĞƌŐLJ
ͻ džŝƐƟŶŐ ůŝǀĞůŝŚŽŽĚ ĂƉƉůŝĂŶĐĞƐ ƉƌĞǀĂůĞŶƚ ŝŶ ƌƵƌĂů
ĂƌĞĂƐ ĂƌĞ ŶŽƚ ĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ ĨŽƌ ĞĸĐŝĞŶĐLJ͕ ďƵƚ ĨŽƌ
Kurukshetra October 2023
ƵŶƌĞůŝĂďůĞ ĂŶĚ ƐƵďƐŝĚŝƐĞĚͬŇĂƚͲƉƌŝĐĞĚ ĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ͘
Hence, there is need to develop such farming
equipment, which are reliant on renewable energy
ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐǁŝƚŚĞĸĐŝĞŶĐLJ͘
ͻ dŚĞƌĞŝƐĂŶĞĞĚĨŽƌƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶŝŶďĂƩĞƌLJĐŽƐƚƐĂŶĚ
ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ĐŽƐƚͲĞīĞĐƟǀĞ͕ ƐƵƉĞƌͲĞĸĐŝĞŶƚ͕
ƐŵĂůůͲƐŝnjĞĚ ŵŽƚŽƌƐ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĐŽƵůĚ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚůLJ
improve the economic viability of DRE.
• There is a need to expand the market for
ƐŵĂůůĞƌ ůŝǀĞůŝŚŽŽĚ ƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĂƌĞ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚůLJ
ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚůLJ ĨƌĂŐŵĞŶƚĞĚ ĂŶĚ ĐůƵƐƚĞƌͲďĂƐĞĚ͕
ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůůLJ ƌĞƋƵŝƌŝŶŐ ŚƵŶĚƌĞĚƐ ŽĨ ƐŵĂůů ĂŶĚ
medium scale enterprises to capture the same.
ͻ dŚĞƌĞ ŝƐ ŶĞĞĚ ĨŽƌ ŝŶŝƟĂů ĮŶĂŶĐŝĂů ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ƐLJƐƚĞŵ
to the farmers in the rural areas as customer
ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ ĂŶĚ ĮŶĂŶĐŝŶŐ ĂƌĞ ŵĂũŽƌ ďĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ ƚŽ
ĂĚŽƉƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĐůĞĂŶ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ ƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐ ĨŽƌ ůŝǀĞůŝŚŽŽĚ
ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ͘
ŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐĨŽƌƚŚĞ^ŚŝŌƚŽ'ƌĞĞŶdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ
ŚĂŶŐĞŝŶƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJĂŶĚŝƚƐĂĚŽƉƟŽŶĂƌĞĂůǁĂLJƐ
investment intensive, and globally, at least $ 4 trillion
a year is needed to be invested in renewable energy
ƵŶƟů ϮϬϯϬ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚƐ ŝŶ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ ĂŶĚ
ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞƚŽĂůůŽǁƵƐƚŽƌĞĂĐŚŶĞƚͲnjĞƌŽĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ
ďLJ ϮϬϱϬ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ƚŚŝƐ ŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚ ǁŝůů ƌĞƐƵůƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ
ƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ŝŵƉĂĐƚ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ
alone could save the world up to $ ϰ͘ϮƚƌŝůůŝŽŶƉĞƌLJĞĂƌ
ďLJ ϮϬϯϬ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ůŽǁͲĐĂƌďŽŶ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ
could create a market worth up to $ ϴϬďŝůůŝŽŶŝŶ/ŶĚŝĂ
ďLJϮϬϯϬ͘^ƵƉƉŽƌƚĨƌŽŵ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůKƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶůŝŬĞ
ƚŚĞ tŽƌůĚ ĂŶŬ ĂŶĚ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ŶĂƟŽŶƐ ŝƐ ĞƐƐĞŶƟĂů
ƚŽ DĂŬĞ Ă ƐŚŝŌ ŝŶ /ŶĚŝĂ͛Ɛ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽŶƚŽ Ă ůŽǁͲ
ĐĂƌďŽŶ ƉĂƚŚ͘ dŽ ƌĞĂĐŚ ŶĞƚ njĞƌŽ ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ ďLJ ϮϬϳϬ͕
ƚŚĞ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ŶĞƌŐLJ ŐĞŶĐLJ ;/Ϳ ĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ
$ ϭϲϬ ďŝůůŝŽŶ ƉĞƌ LJĞĂƌ ŝƐ ŶĞĞĚĞĚ Ɵůů ϮϬϯϬ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝƐ
ƚŚƌĞĞ ƟŵĞƐ ŵŽƌĞ ŽĨ ƚŽĚĂLJ͛Ɛ ŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚ ůĞǀĞůƐ͘ 
ƌĞĐĞŶƚ ƌĞƉŽƌƚ ďLJ ƚŚĞ /ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞ ĨŽƌ ŶĞƌŐLJ ĐŽŶŽŵŝĐƐ
ĂŶĚ &ŝŶĂŶĐŝĂů ŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƌĞǀĞĂůĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ /ŶĚŝĂ ǁŝƚŶĞƐƐĞĚ
ĂƌĞĐŽƌĚͲŚŝŐŚŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚŝŶƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞĞŶĞƌŐLJŝŶƚŚĞ
LJĞĂƌ ϮϬϮϮ͕ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ǁŚŽƉƉŝŶŐ ŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ $ 14.5
ďŝůůŝŽŶ͕ĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŽĨϭϮϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚ
ĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐLJĞĂƌ͘dŚĞĐŽƵŶƚƌLJŝƐƉŽŝƐĞĚƚŽĂƩƌĂĐƚ
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Date of Publishing: Ϯϲth ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϮϯ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚƉƌĞͲƉĂLJŵĞŶƚĂƚZD^͕ĞůŚŝ
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