ENGLISH IV

GRAMMAR REVIEW

MODULE 1: UNITS 1-6

 LEARNING OUTCOMES

Review and practice the grammar patterns

studied in module 1 (units 1 to 6).
 CONTENTS

Present Tenses: Active and Passive

Future form and uses

Present perfect simple and continuous

Narrative tenses Used to and Would

Modals and related verbs: past forms

Zero, first and second conditionals

UNIT 1

PRESENT TENSES:
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE
Click on the picture and watch the video.
 ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

Remember the passive voice is formed as follows:

For present continuous active and passive , see

Grammar Summary, Unit 1, in your Keynote – Upper
intermediate textbook.
PRESENT SIMPLE PASSIVE VOICE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS PASSIVE VOICE

 Week 1 – Session 2

PRESENT SIMPLE PASSIVE VOICE

ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE

Routines and habits

Children usually play video games. Video games are usually played by children.

Facts and general truths.

Most people under 25 don’t remember life before Life before social media is not remembered by most
social media. people under 25.

Permanent or long-term situations.

Disney + is not used by my cousin.
My cousin doesn’t use Disney +.

For further review, see Grammar Summary, Unit 1, in

your Keynote – Upper intermediate textbook.
 PRESENT CONTINUOUS PASSIVE VOICE

Week 1 – Session 2

Temporary situations

They are painting my house this week. My house is being painted this week.

Activities in progress at the time of speaking

My boss is doing a Zoom interview with the BBC A Zoom interview with the BBC is being done by my boss.
now.

For further review, see Grammar Summary, Unit 1, in

your Keynote – Upper intermediate textbook.
EXERCISES
 PASSIVE VOICE
Complete the newspaper article with the present simple passive and present continuous passive form of the verbs.

Week 1 – Session 2
Cyber-attacks on the rise

Stories of 'cyber-attacks’ 1 ___________ (report) in the media on a regular basis, but it 1. are reported
seems very difficult to discover who is responsible for the attacks. The procedure 2. are hacked
follows a pattern: the computer records of a large 3. are stolen
organization 2 ____________ (hack), files 3 ________ (steal) and then some of the 4. is posted
information 4 ____________ (post) online. In a growing new trend, private 5. are being exposed
details 5 _____________ (expose) in public, causing embarrassment for the individual 6. are being investigated
concerned. In one recent case where the attacks are continuing, two theories 6 7. are being carried out
__________(investigate). The first is that the hacker is a member of a hacking group; 8. is done
the second is that the cyber-attacks 7 ___________ (carry out) by a former employee.
The only certainty is that the organization involved needs to review its computer
security before more damage 8 ____________ (do).

For further review, see Grammar Summary, Unit 1, in your

Keynote – Upper intermediate textbook.
 Correct the mistake in each sentence.
1. Hi, my name's Olenka and I'm living in Lima, but I was born in Trujillo.
Hi, my name's Olenka and I live in Lima, but I was born in Trujillo

2. How much do you paid in your job?

How much are you paid in your job?

3. What's the matter? What happens?

What's the matter? What's happening?

4. My partner is an engineer and he’s work in a university.

My partner is an engineer, and he works in a university.

5. In my family, we don't watch usually much TV.

In my family, we don't usually watch much TV. For further review, see Grammar Summary, Unit 1, in your
Keynote – Upper intermediate textbook.
 PASSIVE VOICE
Complete the newspaper article with the present simple passive and present continuous passive
form of the verbs.
Week 1 – Session 2
1. They make hundreds of films every year.
Hundreds of films are made every year.
2. Is their website updated weekly?
Do they update their website weekly?
3. In the cinema, films aren't interrupted to show adverts.
In the cinema, they don't interrupt films to show adverts.
4. Someone is downloading a lot of films illegally.
A lot of films are being downloaded illegally.
5. They aren't releasing the new 'superhero' film until next week.
The new 'superhero' film isn't being released until next week.

For further review, see Grammar Summary, Unit 1, in your

Keynote – Upper intermediate textbook.

PASSIVE VOICE
Change these sentences from active to passive.
1. The company launches Artificial Intelligence apps
every year.
2. They accused me of stealing money.
3. Somebody is painting the room at the moment.
4. They don't invite me to many parties.
5. The mayor is promoting cultural activities.
6. My sister cleans the kitchen every day.
Week 1 – Session 2
Answer key
1. Artificial Intelligence apps are launched by the company
every year.
2. I was accused of stealing money.
3. The room is being painted at the moment.
4. I am not invited to many parties.
5. Cultural activities are being promoted by the mayor.
6. The kitchen is cleaned by my sister every day.
For further review, see Grammar Summary, Unit 1, in
your Keynote – Upper intermediate textbook.
 PASSIVE VOICE
Change these sentences from passive to active.
1. A lot of cats and dogs are kept by Mary.
2. A bank is being robbed by the outlaw.
3. Mum is being hugged by Gabriella.
4. The walls aren't painted by my mother.
5. The floor is being swept by the housekeeper.
6. Artificial Intelligence is being searched by people.
Week 1 – Session 2
1. Mary keeps a lot of cats and dogs.
2. The outlaw is robbing a bank.
3. Gabriella is hugging mum.
4. My mother doesn’t paint the walls.
5. The housekeeper is sweeping the floor.
6. People are searching Artificial Intelligence.
For further review, see Grammar Summary, Unit 1, in your Keynote –
Upper intermediate textbook.
UNIT 2

FUTURE FORM
 FUTURE FORM
For further review, see Grammar Summary, Unit 2,
Review the different future form. in your Keynote – Upper intermediate textbook.
Will USAGES EXAMPLES
will + infinitive Predictions about future events or situations. I think the exam will be easy.
A decision or an offer we think of at the time we’re Oh! no, I’m late. I’ll take a taxi.
speaking.

Be going to
Be + going to + infinitive
A decision we have already taken about a plan or an
intention.
A prediction about an event which is based on evidence at
the moment of speaking.
EXAMPLES
The restaurant is fully booked, se we’re going to invite to
Mary’s house for dinner instead.
He has practiced a lot during the summer. He’s going to
win the competition.

Future continuous EXAMPLES

will + be + ing An activity that will be in progress at a stated time in the This time next week, I will be travelling to Europe.
future.
A prediction about an activity that will be in progress at In five years’ time, everybody won’t be studying the
time in the future. same traditional careers.

Future perfect EXAMPLES

will + have + past participle Actions that will be completed before a stated time in the According to the schedule, the coordinator will have
future. chosen the schedule by the end of the week.
Predictions about actions completed before a stated time It’s only the first week of the month, the boss won’t
in the future. have decided anything yet.
WILL

BE + GOING TO
 Correct the mistake in each sentence.

1. I don't think the plan is a good idea. I explain.

I don't think the plan is a good idea. I'll explain.

2. When I'll finish the course, I'm going to celebrate.

When I finish the course, I'm going to celebrate.
3. Will they have finish by lunchtime?
Will they have finished by lunchtime?
4. I expect that tomorrow's exam is difficult.
I expect that tomorrow's exam will be difficult.
5. This time on Monday she'll be start her new job.
This time on Monday she'll be starting her new job.
 Complete the text with the verbs. There is one extra verb.
are going to change will fall will be working will affect will combine won’t think

is going to cause will have replaced is going to enjoy

are going to change

A recent survey predicts that working habits 1 ________________
dramatically for young adults. Experts predict that in the next few years the number of full-
will fall
time jobs 2 _____________. Some say that part-time positions 3 _____________
will have replaced
will affect
over a third of full-time jobs by the end of the decade. This 4 ______________
will be working
men as well as women. In addition, a large proportion of people 5 ______________
for themselves in 2020. Instead of working for one employer, they 6 ____________
will combine
different part-time and short-term positions. The survey predicts that, as a result of this, many
young adults 7 ____________
won’t think
is going to cause
about saving for retirement or a pension. It's clear that this situation 8 ____________
problems in the future for some workers.
 Put the verb into the correct form.

In the future, many people 1) _____________ (rely on) self-driving cars for transportation. By
2030, I believe that this technology 2) ________________ (become) mainstream, and most of us
3) ______________ (be) using these vehicles. By then, many car manufacturers 4)
1. will rely on
_______________ (developed) more advanced self-driving systems, and we
2. will have become
5)______________________ (seen) a significant reduction in accidents caused by human error. 3. will be using
As we move towards this future, I 6)____________________ (start) investing in companies that 4. will have developed
5. will have seen
are developing this technology, and I 7)______________________ (make) a considerable profit
6. am going to start
by the time it becomes commonplace. While these cars are being developed, engineers and 7. will have made
researchers 8) ___________ (work) tirelessly to improve their capabilities, and we 9) 8. will be working
9. will see
______________ (see) them being tested on roads all around the world. In the future, I'm sure
10.will look back
that we 10) ____________________ (look) back and wonder how we ever managed to drive
ourselves around without the assistance of these incredible machines.
VERB PATTERNS WITH –ING AND INFINITIVE

Week 3 – Session 2
VERB PATTERNS WITH –ING AND INFINITIVE
Week 3 – Session 2

For further review, see

Grammar Summary, Unit 2, in
your Keynote – Upper
intermediate textbook.
UNIT 3

Present perfect simple and

continuous
 PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND PROGRESSIVE

Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Progressive

Emphasis on completion Emphasis on duration

I have done my homework. (Meaning: My homework is I have been doing my homework. (Meaning: That's how I have spent my time. It
completed now.) does not matter whether the homework is completed now.)

Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Progressive

Unwanted side effect
Desired result
Why are you so wet? - I have been washing the car. (side effect: I became wet when
I have washed the car. (Result: The car is clean now.)
I was washing the car. It does not matter whether the car is clean now.)

Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Progressive

Permanent Temporary

James has lived in this town for 10 years. James has been living here for a year. (Meaning: This situation is only temporary.
(Meaning: He is a permanent resident of this town.) Maybe he is an exchange student and only here for one or two years.)

For further review, see Grammar Summary, Unit 3, in your

Keynote – Upper intermediate textbook.
 PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND PROGRESSIVE
Correct the mistake in each sentence.

1. We're here since eight o'clock this morning.

We've been here since eight o'clock this morning.
2. In my opinion, spending habits are changing for many years.
In my opinion, spending habits have been changing for many years.
3. I work for this company for about three years.
I've worked for this company for about three years.
4. I am learning English for a long time.
I've been learning English for a long time.
5. How long are you living here?
How long have you been living here?

For further review, see Grammar Summary, Unit 3, in your

Keynote – Upper intermediate textbook.
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND PROGRESSIVE
UNIT 4

NARRATIVE TENSES
 NARRATIVE TENSES
Past Simple USAGE EXAMPLES
Subject + past tense An event or sequence of events in the past. The He started his first job and went to the
past time is stated or is clear from the context. station to go there.

Past Continuous EXAMPLES

Subject + be (past) + verb Activities or states that describe the background to Learning about ChatGPT was going really
-ing past actions. well.
Activities or situations that were in progress when The demand of Artificial Intelligence was
another action took place. growing when she started its use.
Past Perfect Simple EXAMPLES
Subject + had + past Actions that took place at an earlier time that the I got to the university and remembered I’d
participle main event in a narrative, especially when the left my smartphone at home.
events are not related in the sequence they
happened.
Past Perfect Continuous EXAMPLES
Subject + had + been + Actions or state in progress before the main event The company had been working on
verb -ing took place. ChatGPT for months before they decided
For further review, see Grammar Summary, Unit 4, in your to launch it.
Keynote – Upper intermediate textbook.
 NARRATIVE TENSES
Frank Capra
Frank Capra was an Italian-American film director. His film career
1_______(begin) in the silent-movie era. By 1938, he 2 __________ (win)
three Oscars. Capra 3 _________ (direct) one of the most successful films 1. began
2. had won
of all time It's a Wonderful Life. At that time, 1946, he 4____________ 3. directed
(work) for his own film studio, Liberty Films. He 5 __________ (start) it with 4. was working
three other film directors the year before. The four men 6 ___________ 5. had started
(meet) in the American army during the Second World War and they 7 6. had met
7. had been making
_________ (make) films together for several years. When they 8 8. left
__________ (leave) the army, they 9 __________ (not / want) to go to the 9. didn’t want
big Hollywood studios. Liberty Films wasn't a financial success and when 10.Closed
the studio 10 __________ (close), they 11__________ (release) only two 11.had released
films.

For further review, see Grammar Summary, Unit 4, in your

Keynote – Upper intermediate textbook.
 Correct the mistake in each sentence.

1. I met Felix yesterday and we had talked about the project.

I met Felix yesterday and we talked about the project.

2. Last year, the company has opened a new office.

Last year, the company opened a new office.

3. I was very excited when I first start my new job.

I was very excited when I first started my new job.

4. My friend use to be a bad student because he never did his homework.

My friend used to be a bad student because he never did his homework.

5. What did your boss said to you?

What did your boss say to you?

NARRATIVE TENSES

For further review, see Grammar Summary, Unit 4, in your

Keynote – Upper intermediate textbook.
USED TO AND WOULD
 USED TO & WOULD

USED TO USAGES EXAMPLES

Habits and states that took place in When I started the company, I used to
Subject + used to + infinitive the past but do not happen or exist do everything by myself. Now I have a
now. team.

WOULD EXAMPLES
Habits that took place in the past When I started the company, I would do
but do not happen now. everything by myself. Now I have a
Subject + would + infinitive team.

We don’t use would + infinitive to There used to be a lot of problems with

talk about past states. the internet connection.

For further review, see Grammar Summary, Unit 4, in your

Keynote – Upper intermediate textbook.
 USED TO AND WOULD

Complete the sentences with the correct form of used to or would. Sometimes, both options are possible.

1. When I was a child, we _________ (live) in Italy.

2. In my first job, we________________ (take) a long lunch break every Friday. 1.used to
2.used to
3. You look different. __________you _________ (wear) glasses? 3.Did____ use to
4.used to have
5.would ____go
4. When my brother was learning to drive, he __________ (have) lessons
twice a day.

5. Where _________your family __________ (go) on holiday every summer?

For further review, see Grammar Summary, Unit 4, in your

Keynote – Upper intermediate textbook.
USED TO AND WOULD

For further review, see Grammar Summary, Unit 4, in your

Keynote – Upper intermediate textbook.
UNIT 5

MODALS AND RELATED

VERBS: PAST FORMS
 MODALS AND RELATED VERBS
Past Simple USAGE EXAMPLES
Could + infinitive without The possibility of doing something and the ability to My friend could speak five languages
to do something in a general period of time in the before she was twenty.
past. I was able to speak a bit of Italian, but
To be (past) able to + Not succeeding at something in a general period of that was all.
infinitive time in the past or at a specific time in the past. I wasn’t able to finish my language course
last year because I didn’t have enough
Couldn’t + infinitive time.
without to
Past Continuous EXAMPLES
Must + infinitive without The necessity to do something at a specific time in The car broke down and we had to call the
to the past. pick-up truck.
have to + infinitive: past The lack of necessity to do something at a specific The office was near the station, so they
didn’t have to + infinitive time in the past. didn’t have time to walk far.
Past Perfect Simple EXAMPLES
Managed to + infinitive Ability and success in achieving (or not achieving) The office was closed, but we managed to
succeed in + -ing: past something at a specific time in the past. contact them by phone.
The meeting went all day, but we didn’t
For further review, see Grammar Summary, Unit 4, in your succeed in reaching an agreement.
Keynote – Upper intermediate textbook.
 MODALS AND RELATED VERBS: PAST FORMS
Complete the sentences with modals and related verbs from the options given.

1. The founders of FooARage______________ find a skateboard maker in the

UK at first.
succeeded in
could
2. After months of looking in the UK, FooArage _____________ go to Canada succeeded in
to buy the wood they needed. couldn’t
had to

3. When the company realized they _______________ building the skateboards

without power tools, it meant the activity was safe for kids.

4. FooARage Skateboard Company ______________ getting support from a ANSWER KEY

number of new sponsors last year. 1. had to
2. could
5. Jamila's organization was created to help teenagers who _______________ 3. succeeded in
cope with traditional schools. 4. succeeded in
5. couldn’t
 MODALS AND RELATED VERBS: PAST FORMS
Choose the correct option to complete the sentence.

1. Rory McIlroy could play / couldn't play / had to play in the 2015 Scottish Open
golf tournament because of an ankle injury.
2. You'll never believe this … I was able to get / wasn't able to get / couldn't get an 1. couldn’t play
interview with Mo Farah for our local paper! 2. was able to get
3. Luckily, we managed to raise / couldn't raise / weren't able to raise enough money 3. managed to raise
for this tour by organizing fundraising events. 4. weren’t able to
4. Although they tried, they were able to score / could score / weren't able to score score
any more goals. 5. had to miss
5. Due to surgery, Eden Hazard couldn't miss / had to miss / could miss Chelsea's 6. could
first game of the 2015
football season.
6. Everyone could / couldn't / wasn't able to understand why AP McCoy didn't want
to retire from horse racing. For further review, see Grammar Summary, Unit 5, in
your Keynote – Upper intermediate textbook.
 MODALS AND RELATED VERBS: PAST FORMS
Complete the text. Use the correct form of the modals in brackets and the verbs in the box.
change, check, drag, find, get, persuade, see, tell

My sister (1) ________ (can not) the motivation to exercise and get fit. I (2)
________ (manage to) her to come to the gym with me a couple of times, but she 1. couldn’t find
just found it boring. She (3) ________ (can) that I really enjoyed working out but, 2. managed to persuade
3. could see
for her, it was a real challenge. I (4) ________ (have to) her off the sofa most 4. had to drag
evenings! Then, believe it or not, an app (5) ________ (succeed in) her view. 5. succeeded in changing
Suddenly, she took an interest in exercise because this fitness app was so much 6. was able to check
7. could tell
fun. She (6) ________ (be able to) her progress every day. The app (7) ________ 8. succeeded in getting
(can) her how many steps she had taken and how much energy she was using –
she loved it! More importantly, she (8) ________ (succeed in) fitter and healthier.

For further review, see Grammar Summary, Unit 5, in

your Keynote – Upper intermediate textbook.
UNIT 6

ZERO, FIRST AND SECOND

CONDITIONAL
 CONDITIONALS
Zero Conditional USAGE EXAMPLES
If your laptop gets a virus, you can get rid of with
Situation or facts that are generally true. an antivirus programme.
Habits and repeated actions when there is a given If you leave your smartphone on, the battery runs
condition. out.
If = When
No change in meaning. The battery runs out when you leave your
smartphone on.
Unless = if not Possible actions and situations in the future. Laptops don’t need large a large memory unless
they run large programmes.
First Conditional EXAMPLES
Something the speaker thinks is likely to happen in If you study a lot, you will pass the exam.
the future. If prices go up a lot, population will complain.
Possible situations that are generally true.
If they have left the details, we will call you.
If we receive good news, we are going to tell you.
If a get my promotion, we are travelling to Europe.

Second Conditional EXAMPLES

Something that is opposite of the real situation. If I had your number, I would be able to call you.

Something that the speaker thinks is unlikely to If I bought IPhone Pro Max 14, it would be useful
happen in the future. on trips.
 WHICH CONDITIONAL?
Most of us want to get the best value for our money, and in recent years, the trend of group buying online has
emerged. If you (1) ________ (use) one of these group websites before, then you (2) ________ (know) how they
work. If not, then read on.
The idea is that companies come up with special offers, which the group website sells for them. The group 1. have used
website then keeps up to 50% of the sales. If the process (3) ________ (work) as intended, everyone should 2. will know
(4) ________ (benefit). The company is guaranteed customers, the group website gets a percentage of the 3. works
sales, and the customer gets a bargain. If you (5) ________ (want) to buy something, a laptop, for example, 4. benefit
you can (6) ________ (check) a group website in your area for special offers. The sites sell everything from 5. want
6. check
goods to services to events. Interestingly, the offers are only valid if enough people purchase them.
7. uses
If you're a consumer who (7) ________ (use) group websites, you probably (8) ________ (love) the system. But 8. will love
if you are a businessperson, you might (9) ________ (not like) it as much. Some companies offer huge 9. not like
discounts believing that if they attract customers, those customers (10) ________ (buy) other products, but it 10. will buy
doesn't always work that way.

For further review, see Grammar Summary, Unit 6, in your Keynote – Upper
intermediate textbook.
 REFERENCES

▪ [Helen Stephenson, Lewis Lansford & Paul Dummett (2016). Keynote (Split B) – Upper
Intermediate (1era edición). 2017:National Geographic Learning - Cengage Learning.
▪ Villavicencio, O. (s. f.). GENIALLY PRESENTATIONS & QUIZZES. Wakelet.
https://wakelet.com/wake/xyFMG1JH6XMWjUvufxGnu
▪ Villavicencio, O. (s. f.-a). GENIALLY: BOARD GAMES & ESCAPE ROOMS. Wakelet.
https://wakelet.com/wake/QcunR6WApFq82oau0KBpV