CFE REVIEWER

LESSON: 2.2

MOLECULE- an aggregate of two or more atoms

MONOTOMIC PARTICLES- Ex: Nobles gases, not a molecule due to one bond
of atom.
DIATOMIC MOLECULE- contains two Atoms.
POLYATOMIC MOLECULES- containing more than two atoms.
IONS- group of atoms that has positive or negative charge.
ANION- receives electrons, gaining negative charge
CATION- releases electros, gaining positive charge.
MONATOMIC ION- contains only one charge.
POLYATOMIC ION- more than one charge.
CHEMICAL FORMULA- an expression shows the elements in a compound and
relative proportion of Elements.
MOLECULAR FORMULA- shows exact number of atoms in each elements.
EMPIRICAL FORMULA- the simplest ratio in atom (ex: C8H10N4O2 =
C4H5N2O)
MOLECULAR MODES
- SPACE FILL MODEL
- BALL AND STICK MODEL
- SKELETAL MODEL
- STEREO SKELETAL MODEL

COMPOUNDS- combination of elements.

IONIC COMPOUDS- formed by transferring electrons
COVALENT COMPOUNDS- formed by sharing electrons
 CHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE- IDE suffix
NOTE: Transition metals OUS (1, 2) suffix in lower charges, IC (3) high
charges.
COVALENT COMPOUNDS- nonmetallic elements
PREFIXES
- MONO - HEXA EX: SF5= Sulfur penta fluoride
- DI - HEPTA N20 = Dinitrogen oxide
- TRI - OCTO
- TETRA - NANO
- PENTA - DECA

ORGANIC COMPOUND- contains carbon

ALKENE- sakto
ALKANE- sobra
ALKYNES- kulang
PREFIXES
- METH - HEX
- ETH - HEPT
- PROP - OCT
- BUT -NON
- PENT - DEC

EX: CH4= METHANE

C5H10= PENTENE
C3H4= PROPYNE
ACIDS- Anion ends in IDE must rename as HYDRO and IC suffix with ACID
base
Ex: F-= Hydro fluoric acid
CL- Hydro chloric acid
OXOACIDS- tatangalen si HYRO suffix
EX: H2CO3= Carbonic Acid
H3PO4= Phosphoric Acid
BASES- substance in water solution tastes bitter, bases are proton acceptor.
Suffix Hydroxide (OH-) Anion + Hydroxide.
EX: NaOH= Sodium Hydroxide
HYDRATE- Have a specific number of water molecules attached to them
Suffix hydrate follow by numerical suffix
EX: BACL2= Barium chloride dehydrate.

LESSON 3.3
STOICHIOMETRY- section of chemistry that involves relationship between
reactants and products to desired quantitative data (MATH OF CHEMISTRY)
ATOMIC MASS- the average mass of atoms of an element.
1 AMU = 1.6605X10^-27 Kg
MOLES- unit of count number of particles.
1 MOLE= 6.022X^23
NOTE: Carbon isotopes had 12g exactly of atoms.
MOLAR MASS- the mass of 1 mole of unit of substance in grams.
MOLE RATIO- means definite proportion.
PERCENT COMPOSITION- point analysis.
CHEMICAL REACTION- process which one or more substance are converted to
one or more different substance.
DIRECT COMBINATIO (SYNTHESIS) - involves composition of two reactants
to form one product.
SINGLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION- one element reacts by replacing
another element in a compound.
COMBUSTION REACTION- reaction in which substance reacts with oxygen
which produce flame.
NEUTRALIZATION REACTION- reaction between acid and bases.
LIMITING REACTANT- reactant that first used to the reaction.
EXCESS REACTANT- reactant present in quantities greater than necessary
reactant with quantity of limiting reactant.