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Electric Machines Lab Manual (2022) (1) - 1-20
Electric Machines Lab Manual (2022) (1) - 1-20
EE-313L
Electric Machines Lab
1.1 OBJECTIVE
• To explain working procedures that will be followed during all the lab experiments.
• Students will be given some instructions on machines safety, efficiency and heating.
• Afterwards, a lab experiment will be conducted in order to familiarize the students
with the concepts of line-to-line voltages, line currents, phase voltages, phase
currents, phase power and three-phase power in ‘Wye’ and ‘Delta’ circuits.
1.2 REFERENCE READING
Study the following topics from the Appendix A in the textbook “Electric Machinery
Fundamentals”, by Stephen J. Chapman.
• A.1 Generation of three phase voltages and currents
• A.2 Voltages and currents in a three phase circuit
• A.3 Power relationships in a three phase circuit
• A.6 Using the power triangle
1.3 EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
Instruments Quantity
Ammeter 2
Voltmeter 3
Wattmeter 3
Components Quantity
Resistive Load As required
Connecting leads As required
Supplies Quantity
AC/DC Power supply modules, DL10016 1
1.4 A NOTE ON THE LAB EQUIPMENT
The first thing to be noticed in the machines lab is the power supply (DL10016). It can
provide three power outputs at the same time: two variables DC and one variable AC. It
has following modes of operation:
• 0-26V 14A AC
• 0-46V 10A AC
• 0-32V 14A DC or 0-46V 14A DC (4.2% tipple)
• 0-42V 5A DC
First four modes are controlled using single shared knob, which means that they cannot be
controlled independently.
To overcome this, the power supply module also has a (relatively low-power) 0-42V 5A
variable DC source, which operates in the stated range, regardless of the mode of operation.
It has its own control knob.
After the power supply, the equipment that will be used most frequently is Electric Power
Measurement module (DL-10060).
Other equipments that will be regularly used are Ammeters, Voltmeters, Wattmeters, and
Tachometers.
Electric Machines Lab Page 8
1.4.1 CONNECTING LOAD IN ‘WYE’
• Connect the three phase supply voltage to an appropriate Y- connected resistive load
[the resistance in each branch of the load should be at least 20Ω, and the load should
be balanced – equal resistances in all three branches].
• Connect voltmeters and ammeters in such a way that you shou1d be able to measure
all line-to-line voltages, phase voltages, line currents, and phase currents.
• Three wattmeters should be connected in such a way that the two wattmeters
collectively measure the total three-phase power taken by the load, while the third
one measures the power in just one phase of the [three-phase] load.
• Now increase the voltage applied to the load to about 30 V [line- to-line, from the
supply side].
• Record all those readings of voltages, currents and power and relate them [i.e., the
line-to-line voltage with phase voltage, line current with phase current, three-phase
power with single phase power].
IL Ip
L1 A A
W1 Wp V Vp R
V VL
R R
L2
V VL W2
L3
Wye connected load
1.4.2 OBSERVATIONS
2.
3.
1.4.4 OBSERVATIONS
2.
3.
1.6 CONCLUSION
2.1 OBJECTIVE
• To become familiar with the construction of transformers
• Measure the winding resistance
• Measure the transformation ratio
• Determine the polarities (dot convention)
2.2 EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
Instruments Quantity
Ammeter 1
Voltmeter 2
Components Quantity
Single-Phase Transformer, DL10103 1
Connecting leads As required
Supplies Quantity
AC/DC Power supply modules, DL10016 1
2.3 REVIEW OF THEORY
A transformer is a device that changes AC electrical energy at one voltage level to AC
electrical energy at another voltage level, at the same frequency, through the action of a
magnetic field. Transformers are used as ‘step-up’, 'step-down', 'current sampling
devices', 'voltage sampling devices', for 'impedance transformation' and as an 'isolating
device' that isolates one electric circuit from another. The principle of transformer
action is also applicable in many ways to motors, generators, and control apparatus. The
two basic types of transformer construction used for power and distribution
applications are:
• Core Type
• Shell Type
It is noted that the high-voltage coils are wound with a greater number of turns of
smaller cross-section conductor than the low-voltage coils. The core-type has primary
and secondary coils wound on different legs, and the shell-type has both coils wound on
the same leg. The wider spacing between primary and secondary in the core-type
transformer gives it an advantage in high-voltage applications. The shell-type,
however, has the advantage of less leakage flux. Transformer core material is made of
non-aging, cold-rolled, high-permeability silicon steel laminations, and each lamination
is insulated with a varnish or oxide coating to reduce eddy currents. The coils are wound
2.4.2 PROCEDURE
Set the supply section, then perform the following operations:
1. Set the controls of the modules:
Direct current output: Open switch
(excitation) Variator fullycounter-clockwise rotated.
• 𝐾 = 𝑉𝑃 / 𝑉𝑆
• 𝐾𝑀 = (𝐾1 + 𝐾2 + 𝐾3 ) / 3
Observation
The choice of both the supply side and the test voltage is fully unimportant. The only criterion to
be followed is that of the best supply and measurement convenience.
2.6.3 OBSERVATIONS
Note: If VQq is smaller than VDQ, the polarity is said to be subtractive, otherwise
additive.