‘4 Bhubaneswar Model Pu lic © School \ AN INVESTIGATORY REPORT Department of Physics “an 2023-24 J) TOPIC- TO INVESTIGATE THE DEPENDENCE OF THE ge ANGLE OF DEVIATION ON THE ANGLE OF INCIDENCE USING A HOLLOW PRISM FILLED ONE B ONE, WITH DIFFERENT TRANSPARENT FLUIDS. Submitted by : Shreekant Pani + Class : XIICERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project work entitled "To investigate the dependence of the angle of deviation on the angle of incidence using a hollow prism filled one by one, with different transparent fluids" submitted by SHREEKANT PANI of class XII in partial fulfilment of the credit physics project evaluated from student work of the student done under the guidance and supervision of "Mr DIPAYAN ROY", physics teacher, during session 2023-24 as a project report. INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER — PRINCIPAL €BPACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my immense gratitude to my teacher as well as our principal "Mrs LIPSITA MOHANTY" who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on topic "To investigate the dependence of the angle of deviation on the angle of incidence using a hollow prism filled one by one, with different transparent fluids." which also helped me in doing a lot of research and I came to about so many new things I am really thankful to them. Secondly I would like to thank my parents and friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this project within a limited time frame. €BPCONTENTS AIM OF THE PROJECT APPARATUS REQUIRED THEORY PROCEDURE OBSERVATION AND CALCULATION CONCLUSION PRECAUTIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY <8AIM OF THE PROJECT To investigate the dependence of the angle of deviation on the angle of incidence using a hollow prism filled one by one, with different transparent fluids. €BPTHEORY PRISM: A prism is a transparent optical element withflat, polished surfaces that refract light. Prisms canbe made from any material that is transparentincluding glass, plastic and fluorite.A prism can be used to break light up into itsconstituent spectral colors. Prisms can also be usedto reflect light, or to split light into components withdifferent polarizations. . Prism Dispersion of white Triangular , 9) light into seven colors glass prismREFRACTION The refractive index of the liquidIs given by the formula: (A+ 5) sin Angle of prism, . Angle of deviation Angle of incidence __» j;5 <<) <— Angle of emergence Where FLUIDS REFRACTIVE INDEX = refractive index of the liquid Smin= angle of minimum deviation r= angle of refraction Glycerine 147 Water 1.33 i= angle of incidence Ethyl Alcohol 1.36 A= angle of prism Vegetable Oil 1.45) ‘Acetone 1.36 HCI 1.34 <8PROCEDURE « Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board with help of drawing pins. « Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC. Drop a normal PQ on the side AB. Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the normal PQ and place 2 pins so that they appear to be in the straight line. Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid ,on the marked outline ABC. Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so that all the 4 pins appears to be in same line. « Remove the prism and draw the line joining the points so obtained. ¢ Mark the diagram as shown in the figure. « Repeat this with different liquids and different angle of incidence. €BPOBSERVATION HCLEthyl Alcohol Hoo H-c-c-0-H 1 I H HBenzaldehyde O H a (angle i 2 (angle of prism) of 60 60 Lincidence) | 30 35 d 2 (angle of deviation) 45 42 60 60 (37.5 39 '40 42 <8Water SN S.naangle i2 (angle d2(angle oof prism) of of incidence) deviation)CALCULATION Refractive Index of Water U= sin((60+22)/2)/sin(30)=1.306 Refractive Index of Benzaldehyde U=sin((60+40)/2)/sin30=1.504 Refractive Index of HCL U=sin((60+25)/2)/sin30= 1.34 Refractive Index of Ethyl Alcohol =1.36RESULT THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF ETHYL ALCOHOL + EXPERIMENTAL-1.36 + CALCULATED- 1.34 THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF HCL + EXPERIMENTAL- 1.34 + CALCULATED- 1.34 THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF WATER + EXPERIMENTAL-1.306 + ACTUAL: 1.33 THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF BENZALDEHYDE + ACTUAL: 1.546 + EXPERIMENTAL: 1.504 €BPPRECAUTIONS « Angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60 degree. « Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same « line. + Distance b/w two points should not be less than 10mm. + Same angle of prism should be used for all observation. ¢ Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent ¢ and incident ray.BIBLIOGRAPHY « wikipedia.org * google.com « physicsforlife.com {physicsforlife.com} * earthphysics.com