@ rundamentals of Management &e Prepared by: Prof. Dr. Khaled Khodary Esmaeil Mechanical Power Engineering Department Course Instructor Dr. Ahmed Mostafa Khaira Mechanical Power Engineering Department Topic 02 History and Theories of Management Fundamentals of Management Course 1Lecture No. 04 History and Theories of Management (ByNaY) Gy Bi 9 G15) Fundamentals of Management Course 2Topic 02 : History and Theories of Management Q Topic Contents Brief History of Management’s Roots — 5 .:)) deal sss! jane et = Early Examples of Management Say) bled Se UI = Later Management Approaches Fin 5 Nay! Gully gale Classical Approaches 45.98) 3 jh!) 5 uL! = Scientific epanae men Theory Seek) Sy! Gb ts 2 AaH LONE ES "Administrative ManagementTheory Sa haYN 3 hoy 4 bs Neo-Classical Approaches (Behavior Approach (Aska) wei) Susall ASS) alll Quantitative Approaches pS) galil gree = Case coos . Contemporary Approaches Bpnaleall galisll = Systems Approach ada! seems App ee Contin: sency Approach shall ei Fundamentals of Management Course 3Brief History of Management’s Roots > History is important since it helps to understand what today’s managers do and practice based on the roots and theories of the practices. wks jLaall ob Su skis dpa cle eagle tees eal elie Abed: Le ag (gle sel HY nee ea Ul > In this topic, Snnotated incline that discusses key mai stones in management theory will be presented. BNP IES G5 ah M Mle SU ype pin} Jie pall hyo B pagel a > The history will be presented from the past to the present while highlighting the key eae and their contributions or the key historical factor and its effect on contémporary management concepts. (Geos!) Cassis! Guile gall lec pc) Luli as pola I) ot Gs SU) ppaili aias Balad 3 Jo! asalie (gle o pAlhy posi M5) Lill alall gl spilled! y > This approach is believed to be helpful for better understanding the origins of many contemporary management concepts. wCeail JS 3 poled! 5 Jol asslin Ge aprell Speed agil aie qgill Ihe yf adie Fundamentals of Management CourseBrief History of Management’s Roots S2Y! (osha) Deed Jae Qt v Historical Scientific Examples Management of Theory Management Adam Smi principle Administrative Theory Contingency Approach Fundamentals of Management Course 5Historical Examples of Management Q Management has been practiced a long time. Organized work which is directed by people including responsibilities of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling have existed for thousands of years. Some of the most interesting examples are: Uy pune IS Gd Ley Galil Le gay All Labi Slac YI G) agh Cid, die SJoYl das ylas ai of BY ASV ABI Gans g cyshaall GYT Abe 3a ga go Aalially 418 My sally asbaitlls Lball “igh plain |A. The Egyptian pyramids are proof that projects of great ecop¢? eigagiig tens of thousands of people, were completed in ancient times. CN Se a lly 6 (gael I) GU) ald) Made Cale 4 yall Gh gle als dy penal GLI gal of Aagaill 5 goall 98 CLASSI Sd 6 Cull Ge GY! Y A single pyramid took about 20 years to be constructed by employing more than 100,000 workers. Who told each worker what to do and control their progress? Who ensured that there would be enough stones at the site to keep workers busy? JS DE Ge dele Verne Oe ISI Gb i UE ye Lele Vs Glia asl, poe oly Goeiad gh Blea Ge GIS 20 aga (yo SE gill ge Saaiill Iba Gil yy ali Gay dled Gia Le Uale Saal sin Jac (8 JLacll elit ai gall Fundamentals of Management Course 6Historical Examples of Management O The answer is that someone had planned what to be done, organized people and resources to do it, make sure that workers got the work done, and execute appropriate control to ensure that everything had been done as planned. He is a manager. «ly alll ay) pally Galt) abi y 42 alll Gas Ld bha Ls Ladd ol ga Gigall 8 8 AS oh hated Asta) 46 DM (ii) Ga gle g « all Ig jail ad JLaall ol ge ass, ~ Fige onal go 43) hea gail le B. Similar ancient management example could be found in: gh 8 JDM (Albal) asad he gle shall (Say cals > The Sumerians who used written rules and regulations for governance. Sal 4 pS Gail dy acl gf Ladi) GA Og peg Fundamentals of Management Course ?Historical Examples of Management B. Similar ancient management example could be found in: 7 dat ceva siglt » The Chinese who used extensive organization structure for government agencies and the arts as well as the construction of the great wall of china. AUS 5 gill Aye Sal YIM (gust gl) LeLAD pagal Sag Lyaadad Quill Gy gsinnall wasball ouall ys (amis) ely teens Sasa » The Islamic civilization who used multi-disciplinary organizations for CMI Sal Sie = le cas Maye las daly governing a nation dominated a_yery wide area of the world and eal cli created the fundamentals of most aspects in the modern civilization. cle LY) Sa) Glaesill Saude Gabi Cuadiol Qi apd! sylLeall Gus Ayal 5 joel Gil ge Albee Clpslad 1S y allel (yo a dans! y doline > Greeks, Romans, Venetians. [432M (osmill) 5 cles N (Osis!) GUE] Fundamentals of Management Course aEarly Management (Adam Smith, as Example) » Adam Smith (1723 —1790) was a Scottish economist, philosopher and author. He is a pioneer of political economy and also known as "The Father of Economics". Smith his famous book The Wealth of Nations (1776) which is was named among the 100 best Scottish books of all time. SLY) 68 a5], Ai} cgailiSad Cage 5 Ca gulad 5 aliaidl alle (VV4+-TVYT) Cues pal IS GEN (VVVT) Meet Sag 8" puget Capes UES ML SYT sl pasty Layla yea y clu! « Jgeanll IS 8 gallu GUS V6 6 Gaeil Gar ge aisnes » In this book, Adam Smith introduced his theory of, absolute advay antage and the principle of the ae of labor (job specialization or breaking down, jobs into narrow and repetitive tasks). eel) eal! aust Laney dillall ae Ce Ai gS Capes pal aad ¢ GUS ha Ga (5p Sieg Alagass alee ol} iL gl aaa J ¢ ibs Fundamentals of Management Course aEarly Management (Adam Smith, as Example) Sa » The theory of absolute advantage refers to the ability of a party (an individual, or firm, or country) to produce a greater quantity of a ) good, product, or service than competitors, using the same number of resources. Sg Smith first described the principle of absolute bw All 5 jaa advantage in the < context of international trade, using labor as the only input. Since absolute advantage is determined by a simple comparison of labor productiv eness, it is possible for a party to have no absolute advantage in anything. BueS lis} gle [aly sf AS sl ai] (Gojn — Ae gene) Gi phell 5 p38 (ol) Aillall 5 juall yy pats Yoh Sapeas pal teeny yb gall co pall (uid placa cquudliall yo dead yf cite gh dels ye Si Beall OY 151i any DdaeS (seal!) eal! Lardinns ¢ Salgall 5 ylacal lus 8 Millaall 5 jyall lays Bue gl aad os YI GLI Saal Gad 6 andl Ayalisy Abus ile UIE Ya Loans iy dillaall wei Gh gh Millan SR Fundamentals of Management Course 0Early Management (Adam Smith, as Example) > The division of labor is the separation of tasks in any system so that participants may specialize. Individuals, organizations, and nations are os! required to acquire special ized Eapabilities and to take advantage of the capabilities of others in addition to their own. Specialized capabilities may include equipment or natural resources in addition to skills and training. AY le Ge etl GS Se See ol Gh tel GE ws el te etl sb Gl) LY G8 Ci yab ye BMA Leredie Gl jaf gle peal Jilly Ca pally lly Seal) ol LEY dena ol pll of Slaeall Le eet ol ill Lat Slate > Smith argued | the economic returns on organizations and society due to job specialization. Using the pin industry as an example, Smith (asimied that 10 educated and well equipped individuals, each doing a specialized job, could produce about 48,000 pins a day. However, individual person without such preparation could not produce 20 pins a day! folio ory cit gl Genedtll Coney acta, GLRLN gle Telesdy) cilatlall Cues Gt gp Fests dik oie eae OS Ie Sues janes Gules ol al v Oh eae sed «OES Gesel Fundamentals of Management Course unEarly Management (Adam Smith, as Example) » Smith concluded that division of labor increased the productivity by increasing each worker’s skill, saving time lost in changing tasks, and creating laborsaving inventions and machinery. iiss « dele JS 3 jee 3525 Grp Ge AsalBY! ye Nj Leal puail of Gl Cums Gala POVY, lel RY) GIL « algal uti 4 ailiall cal! > Job specialization continues to be popular till now. (members of a hospital surgery team, meal preparation workers, or football players). data! Grd cleci) GW Gta (Jeaie - gilt) ded at Jip Y Geel Gees & Aer BS ae gi Calis sll alae] lac i pittiaeey Fundamentals of Management Course 2Later Management Approaches > Simultaneous with the industrial revolution in the 1700s, it becomes more economical to manufacture goods in large efficient factories which need someone's to determine demands, ensure enough resources on hand to make products, ‘assign tasks to people, direct daily activities, and so forth. That “someone’s” was a managers. Qian of ahadl gies Lola} age ual ¢ pared pie Gallll gy sill gf Me tinall 5 yl) ae yal 5a te 2B shite A ASD a gall Glas aM andl Le net Col) cling gills SMkall seliSll GI 5 Stl eee Ss Geek ba ll oN) Lay « Kee a) AY) Am gig 6 lll abel) eed y « Olaciall qual > Four major approaches to management theories can be classified: 1) Classical (Scientific and General Administrative Theories). 2) Behavioral Approach (Neo- Classical), 3) Quantitative Approaches, 4) Contemporary Approaches (System and Contingency). aa ay 5 Lebel Sb asl) LAOS) Gh al (1) 8 oy) Ob sl Aas) eal S| Gas OS es 3) sally abba) 5 puled MASH (4) © AeeSI DAY (3) of Sazzpll ASST) GS shall ell (2) SSE SSS Fundamentals of Management Course 8Later Management Approaches > Eachia approach is trying to explain management from the perspective of the backgrounds, interests and experiences oud its researchers or developer as well as is reflecting the important issues at the time of developing the approach. CLL ALN Ss Slats GLa ly Sil 5 gabe Go BUIDY! CoS eH US Ul (she) Geill gash Oy gi Aagall Lendl Say ASS geil 13s hana guy shall ji > However, these approaches may be considered as a complementary view of management and each of them contributes to explain specific aspect of the present understanding of management. So phi aga 5) 5 jlo AS 5 phi Atbey (G phll - Coll) geill ods slic} Saye lb aay BLA lal geil yo ae Sle CB Gilet US pains (S10 Fundamentals of Management Course auClassical Approaches (444) 2.) Fundamentals of Management Course 4sClassical Approaches (4S~3S! HL ad Ssh) ; Q Classical approach are the first studies of management which emphasized Sou = inl ca , oo vies jt rationality and making organizations and workers as efficient as possible. Two major theories comprise the classical approach: 1. The scientific management and Apel! 5 Joy 4 9h (1) Anka ag toy! 4 phil (v) BeUS AS) Jee! GLB Seay abil Sa) a6) gl 5 AY) GLa all gs SecSI aeill oe Rabel) 4a Jo Aa al (1) 5 Seeball 55191 (1) : Otay DE DE gle SIS cell Letts 5 Q) Frederick W. Taylor and the husband-wife team of Frank and Lillian Gilbreth 6 Aaaal SYN lanl! are the two most significant contributors to the scientific management theory. Aasl JSY claaleall Les Se ple Gu SBS 55/253) Oe OS Gull pA as Agee! Syl) ays 2. The general administrative theory. Q) Henri Fayol and Max Weber are the two most significant contributors to the general administrative theory. Adal 4g Nol Ay tll (95 Saas] SY) glesluall Les Gay Slay Sod cols SSS SS 16 Fundamentals of Management CourseThat is all » Thank you Fundamentals of Management Course ”