Tables and Charts

Prefixes

thousandths

0.001s
uni- . . . . . . . . . one tera- . . . trillion (1012)

10–3
bi- . . . . . . . . . . two
tri- . . . . . . . . . . three
quad- . . . . . . . four
hundredths
giga- . . . billion (109)
mega- . . million (106)
kilo- . . . . thousand (103)

0.01s

10–2 penta- . . . . . . . five hecto- . . hundred (102)

hexa- . . . . . . . six deca-. . . ten (101)
hepta- . . . . . . . seven uni- . . . . one (100)
tenths

deci- . . . tenth (101)

10–1
0.1s

octa- . . . . . . . . eight
nona- . . . . . . . nine centi-. . . hundredth (102)
milli- . . . thousandth (103)
.

deca- . . . . . . . ten
micro- . . millionth (106)
ones

dodeca- . . . . . twelve
100
1s

icosa- . . . . . . . twenty nano- . . billionth (109)

tens

10s

101

Multiplication and Division Table

hundreds

100s

102
Place-Value Chart
thousands

1,000s

103
thousands

10,000s

104
10
thousands

100,000s
100

105
10,000,000s 1,000,000s
millions

106
millions

107
10

Rules for Order of Operations

100,000,000s

1. Do operations within parentheses or other

millions

grouping symbols before doing anything else.

100

108

2. Calculate all powers.

3. Do multiplications and divisions in order,
from left to right.
millions
billions

1,000

109

4. Then do additions and subtractions in order,

from left to right.

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Metric System U.S. Customary System

Units of Length Units of Length
1 kilometer (km)  1,000 meters (m) 1 mile (mi)  1,760 yards (yd)
1 meter  10 decimeters (dm)  5,280 feet (ft)
 100 centimeters (cm) 1 yard  3 feet
 1,000 millimeters (mm)  36 inches (in.)
1 decimeter  10 centimeters 1 foot  12 inches
1 centimeter  10 millimeters
Units of Area
Units of Area
1 square yard (yd2)  9 square feet (ft2)
1 square meter (m2)  100 square decimeters (dm2)  1,296 square inches (in.2)
 10,000 square centimeters (cm2) 1 square foot  144 square inches
1 square decimeter  100 square centimeters 1 acre  43,560 square feet
1 square kilometer  1,000,000 square meters 1 square mile (mi2)  640 acres

Units of Volume Units of Volume

1 cubic meter (m3)  1,000 cubic decimeters (dm3)
 1,000,000 cubic centimeters (cm3)
1 cubic decimeter  1,000 cubic centimeters
Units of Capacity
1 kiloliter (kL)  1,000 liters (L)
1 liter  1,000 milliliters (mL)
1 cubic centimeter  1 milliliter
Units of Weight
1 metric ton (t)  1,000 kilograms (kg)
1 kilogram  1,000 grams (g)
1 gram  1,000 milligrams (mg)
1 cubic yard (yd3)  27 cubic feet (ft3)
1 cubic foot  1,728 cubic inches (in.3)
Units of Capacity
1 gallon (gal)  4 quarts (qt)
1 quart  2 pints (pt)
1 pint  2 cups (c)
1 cup  8 fluid ounces (fl oz)
1 fluid ounce  2 tablespoons (tbs)
1 tablespoon  3 teaspoons (tsp)
Units of Weight
1 ton (T)  2,000 pounds (lb)
1 pound  16 ounces (oz)

System Equivalents
Units of Time
1 inch is about 2.5 cm (2.54)
1 century  100 years
1 kilometer is about 0.6 mile (0.621)
1 decade  10 years
1 mile is about 1.6 kilometers (1.609)
1 year (yr)  12 months
1 meter is about 39 inches (39.37)
 52 weeks (plus one or two days)
1 liter is about 1.1 quarts (1.057)
 365 days (366 days in a leap year)
1 ounce is about 28 grams (28.350)
1 month (mo)  28, 29, 30, or 31 days
1 kilogram is about 2.2 pounds (2.205)
1 week (wk)  7 days
1 day (d)  24 hours
1 hour (hr)  60 minutes
1 minute (min)  60 seconds (sec)

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Decimal and Percent

Equivalents for
“Easy” Fractions
“Easy”
Fractions Decimals Percents The Global Grid
North Pole
90°N
Meridians Parallels
(longitude) (latitude)
60°N
45°N

Prime Meridian
30°N

15°N
A
Equator
0°
60°W

60°E
45°E
45°W

30°E
30°W

15°E
15°W
15°S

30°S

45°S
60°S

South Pole
90°S

Point A is located at 15°N, 30°E.

Fraction-Decimal Number Line

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Fraction-Stick and Decimal Number-Line Chart

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Tables and Charts

Table of Decimal Equivalents for Fractions

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 Tables and Charts

Equivalent Fractions, Decimals, and Percents

Note: The decimals for sevenths have been rounded to the nearest thousandth.

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Symbols Probability Meter

 plus or positive
 minus or negative
ⴱ,  multiplied by
, / divided by
 is equal to
 is not equal to
 is less than
is greater than
is less than or equal to
is greater than or equal to
≈ is about equal to
n
x , x ^n nth power of x
兹x苶 square root of x
% percent
a:b, a / b, ab ratio of a to b
or a divided by b
a
or the fraction b

a [bs] a groups, b in each group

n / d → a Rb n divided by d
is a with remainder b
{ }, ( ), [ ] grouping symbols
∞ infinity
n! n factorial
ⴰ degree
(a,b) ordered pair
៭៮៬
AS line AS
៮
AS line segment AS
៮៬
AS ray AS
right angle
⊥ is perpendicular to
ll is parallel to
䉭ABC triangle ABC
⬔ABC angle ABC
⬔B angle B
⬵ is congruent to
⬃ is similar to
⬅ is equivalent to

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 Tables and Charts

Formulas Meaning of Variables

Rectangles
• Perimeter: p  (2 * l)  (2 * w) p  perimeter; l  length; w  width
• Area: A  b * h A  area; b  length of base; h  height

Squares
• Perimeter: p  4 * s p  perimeter; s  length of side
• Area: A  s2 A  area

Parallelograms
• Area: A  b * h A  area; b  length of base; h  height

Triangles
1
• Area: A  2 *b*h A  area; b  length of base; h  height

Regular Polygons
• Perimeter: p  n * s p  perimeter; n  number of sides;
s  length of side

Circles
• Circumference: c  * d, or c  2 * *r c  circumference; d  diameter; r  radius
• Area: A  2
*r A  area

Polygons
1
• Pick’s formula: A  ( 2 * P)  I  1 A  area; P  number of grid points on polygon;
I  number of grid points in the interior

Polyhedrons
• Euler’s Formula: e  ( f  v)  2 e  number of edges; f  number of faces;
v  number of vertices

Mobiles (1 rod, with 2 objects on

opposite sides of the fulcrum)
• When the fulcrum is at the center of the rod, W  weight of one object
the mobile will balance if W * D  w * d. D  distance of this object from the fulcrum
w  weight of the second object
d  distance of second object from the fulcrum

• When the fulcrum is not at the center R  weight of rod

of the rod, the mobile will balance if
(W * D)  (R * L)  w * d
L  distance from center of rod to fulcrum
W  weight of object on same side of
fulcrum as center
D  distance of this object from the fulcrum
w  weight of the second object
d  distance of second object from the fulcrum

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Tables and Charts

Formulas Meaning of Variables

Rectangular Prisms
• Volume: V  B * h, or V  l * w * h V  volume; B  area of base;
• Surface area: l  length; w  width; h  height
S  2 * ((l * w)  (l * h)  (w * h))
S  surface area
The surface area formula is true only when all
of the faces of the prism are rectangles.

Cubes
• Volume: V  e3 V  volume; e  length of edge
• Surface area: S  6 * e 2
S  surface area

Cylinders
• Volume: V  B * h, or V  2
*r *h V  volume; B  area of base; h  height;
• Surface area: r  radius of base
S  (2 * * r 2)  ((2 * ∗ r) * h)
S  surface area
The surface area formula is true only when the
line through the centers of the circular bases
is perpendicular to the bases.

Pyramids
1
• Volume: V  3 *B*h V  volume; B  area of base; h  height

Cones
1 1
• Volume: V  3 * B * h, or V  3 *
2
*r *h V  volume; B  area of base; h  height;
r  radius of base

Spheres
4
• Volume: V  3 * *r
3
V  volume; r  radius
• Surface area: S  4 * *r
2
S  surface area

Temperatures
• Fahrenheit to Celsius conversion:
C  59 * (F  32°) C  degrees Celsius; F  degrees Fahrenheit
• Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion:
F  ( 95 * C)  32°

Distances
• dr*t d  distance traveled; r  rate of speed;
t  time of travel

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