CONCAVE:

U=-VE

V=-VE (EXCEPT VIRTUAL)

CONVEX:

U=-VE

V=+VE

OBJECT HEIGHT : +VE

IMAGE HEIGHT : VIRTUAL AND ERRECT(+VE)

REAL AND INVERTED (-VE)

MAGNIFICATION : VIRTUAL AND ERRECT(+VE)

REAL AND INVERTED (-VE)

LENS:

CONCAVE

U= -VE

V=-VE

MAGNIFICATION : +VE

CONVEX

U=-VE

V=+VE(EXCEPT LAST CASE)

MAGNIFICATION: -VE

SERIES : I2RT

PARALLEL : V2/R

P = VI

ENERGY = POWER X TIME

POWER PARALLEL : P1+P2

POWER SERIES : 1/P1+1/P2