Mao Wenlong

Mao Wenlong (Chinese: 毛文龍; pinyin: Máo Wénlóng; 10 February 1576 – 24 July 1629), courtesy name Zhennan, was a
Mao Wenlong
Chinese military general of the Ming dynasty. He is best known for commanding Ming forces in the naval battles against
forces of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in the Yellow Sea during the Qing conquest of the Ming. He was also known for 毛文龍
excelling in artillery warfare and for successfully incorporating Western-style tactics into the Chinese military. Born 10 February 1576
Shangcheng District,
Early life Hangzhou, Zhejiang
Died 24 July 1629
Mao was born in Hangzhou and worked as a fortuneteller in his youth. He joined the Ming military in northern Shanhaiguan (aged 53)
around 1600. Lüshunkou District,
Dalian, Liaoning
Career Other names Zhennan (振南)
Occupation General
Mao is sometimes blamed for the Later Jin invasion of Joseon. He was known for operating against the Later Jin dynasty
from bases within the Joseon dynasty, a Ming ally at that time. When the Later Jin forces mounted a punitive expedition into
Joseon, Mao ordered a general retreat of all Ming forces. This angered many Beijing merchants who had previously traded with the Korean peninsula.

Mao never dared to drag major Later Jin cities into war even when there was a strategic advantage in doing so. In this way Mao was able to bring to bear the
influence of many powerful Ming officials against Yuan Chonghuan (1584–1630), a fellow Ming military commander.

Mao engaged in widespread smuggling using the Ming marine corps, contributing heavily to the booming economy of northern China. He was eventually caught
for smuggling and executed by Yuan Chonghuan, a fellow military commander who had been conferred the imperial sword of absolute authority by the last Ming
emperor.[1] It is believed that Mao's death led in part to an economic downturn in the Ming dynasty.

See also
Wuqiao mutiny
Kong Youde
Geng Zhongming
Shang Kexi

Further reading
Kennedy, George A. (1943). "Mao Wên-lung" (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Eminent_Chinese_of_the_Ch%27ing_Period/Mao_W%C3%AAn-lung). In
Hummel, Arthur W. Sr. (ed.). Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period. United States Government Printing Office.
Martino Martini, De Bello Tartarico Historia (https://books.google.com/books?id=nhhbAAAAQAAJ) (Antwerp, 1654) or Regni Sinensis a Tartaris evastati
depopulatique enarratio (https://books.google.com/books?id=TlA9AAAAcAAJ) (1661). (in Latin) Mao Wenlong's name is rendered by Martini into Latin as
"Maovenlungus".
Johan Nieuhof, An embassy from the East-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham, emperor of China : delivered by their
excellencies Peter de Goyer and Jacob de Keyzer, at his imperial city of Peking wherein the cities, towns, villages, ports, rivers, &c. in their passages from
Canton to Peking are ingeniously described by John Nieuhoff ; also an epistle of Father John Adams, their antagonist, concerning the whole negotiation ; with
an appendix of several remarks taken out of Father Athanasius Kircher ; Englished and set forth with their several sculptures by John Ogilby (http://digicoll.lib
rary.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/DLDecArts/DLDecArts-idx?type=turn&entity=DLDecArts.Nieuhof.p0299&id=DLDecArts.Nieuhof&isize=M) (1673), p. 266 sq.

References
1. Hummel, Arthur W. Sr., ed. (1943). "Mao Wên-lung" (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Eminent_Chinese_of_the_Ch%27ing_Period/Mao_W%C3%AAn-lung).
Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period. United States Government Printing Office.

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