CHAPTER

16 Kinetic Theory of Gases and

Thermodynamics

QUESTIONS BANK

SINGLE CORRECT 7. O2 is 16 times heavier that H2. If at same temperature the O2

MkT molecules have average kinetic energy E than at the same
1. Consider the quantity of an ideal gas, where M is the temperature the average kinetic energy of H2 molecules will
PV
mass of the gas. It depend on the be

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(a) E/4 (b) 4E (c) E (d) E/16
(a) temperature of the gas (b) volume of the gas
(c) pressure of the gas (d) nature of the gas 8. A flask is filled with 13 g of an ideal gas at 27°C and its
temperature is raised to 52°C. The mass of the gas that has
2. Keeping the number of moles, volume and temperature the to be released to maintain the temperature of the gas in the
same, which of the following the same for all ideal gases? flask at 52°C, the pressure remaining the same is
(a) rms speed of a molecule (a) 2.5 g (b) 2.0 g (c) 1.5 g (d) 1.0 g

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(b) Density
9. Which of the following quantities is the same for all ideal
(c) Pressure gases at the same temperature?
(d) Average magnitude of momentum (a) the kinetic energy of 1 mole
3. In kinetic theory of gases, it is assumed that the gas (b) the kinetic energy of 1 g
molecules (c) the number of molecules in 1 mole
A. do not exert any attractive force on each other (d) the number of molecules in 1 g
B. collide elastically 10. According to kinetic theory of gases
C. move with uniform velocity (a) The velocity of molecules decreases for each collision.
D. occupy negligible volume (b) The pressure exerted by a diatomic gas is proportional
(a) A, B, D (b) A, C to the mean velocity of the molecule.
(c) B, D (d) B, C (c) The K.E. of the gas decreases on expansion at constant
temperature.
4. A gas at certain volume and temperature has a pressure equal
(d) The mean translational K.E. of a diatomic gas increases
to 75 cm of Hg. column. If the mass of the gas is doubled,
with increase in absolute temperature.
at the same volume and temperature, its new pressure is
(a) 37.5 cm (b) 75 cm (c) 150 cm (d) 300 cm 11. One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas at temperature T0
expands slowly according to the law P/V = constant. If the
5. An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process obeying the final temperature is 2T0, heat supplied to the gas is
relation PV4/3 = constant. If its initial temperature is 300 K
3 1
and then its pressure is increased upto four times its initial (a) 2 RT0 (b) RT0 (c) RT0 (d) RT0
2 2
value, then the final temperature (in Kelvin)
12. In case of hydrogen and oxygen at N.T.P., which of he
(a) 300 2 (b) 300 3 2 (c) 600 (d) 1200 following quantities is/are not same?
6. One mole of an ideal gas at STP is heated in an insulated (a) average momentum per molecule
closed container until the average speed of its molecules is (b) average kinetic energy per molecule
doubled. Its pressure would therefore increase by factor. (c) kinetic energy per unit volume
(a) 1.5 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) 4 (d) kinetic energy per unit mass
13. A closed container is fully insulated from outside. One half gas, Q be the quantity of heat added to the system and W be
of it is filled with an ideal gas X separated by a plate P from the work done by the system on the gas. Identify which of
the other half Y which contains a vacuum as shown in figure. the following statements is false for DU?
When P is removed, X moves into Y. Which of the following (a) DU is least under adiabatic process
statements is correct? (b) DU is greatest under adiabatic process.
(c) DU is greatest under the isobaric process
X Y (d) DU in isothermal process lies in-between the values
gas vacuum obtained under isobaric and adiabatic processes.
P 19. What is/are the same for O2 and NH3 in gaseous state
(a) ratio of specific heats
(a) No work is done by X
(b) average velocity
(b) X decreases in temperature
(c) maximum no. of vibrational degree of freedom
(c) X increases in internal energy
(d) None of these
(d) X doubles in pressure.
20. In the following P – V diagram of an ideal gas, two adiabates
14. The differential form of first law of thermodynamics is
cut two isotherms at T1 and T2. The value of VB/VC is
(a) dQ = dW + dU (b) dQ = dW – dU
(c) dQ = dU – dW (d) dQ + dU + dW = 0
15. When an ideal diatomic gas is heated at constant pressure A B
then what fraction of heat given is used to increase internal P T1
energy of gas?

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5 3 3 2 D C
(a) (b) (c) (d) T2
7 7 5 5
16. The process AB is shown in the diagram. As the gas is taken VA VD VB VC
from A to B, its temperature
V

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2P A
AB → T1, DC → T2
(a) = VA /VD (b) < VA /VD
P B
(c) > VA /VD (d) cannot say
21. Two curves are given at temperatures T1 and T2 in an
V 2V
isothermal process, then
(a) initially increases then decreases
(b) initially decreases then increases
(c) remains constant P
T2
T1
(d) variation depends on type of gas
17. One mole of a gas expands obeying the relation as shown in
V
the P/V diagram. The maximum temperature in this process
is equal to (a) T1 > T2 (b) T1 = T2
(c) T1 < T2 (d) no knowledge
(V0 , P0 )
P 22. Three curves are shown in the P-V diagram. P, Q and R
(2V0 , P0 /2) represent the processes respectively

P
V Q
P
P0V0 3P0V0 R
(a) (b)
R R
V
9 P0V0
(c) (d) None of these
8R (a) isothermal, adiabatic, isometric
18. An ideal gas expands from volume V1 to V2. This may be (b) isobaric, isothermal, isometric
achieved by either of the three processes: isobaric, isothermal (c) isometric, isobaric, adiabatic
and adiabatic, Let DU be the change in internal energy of the (d) isometric, isobaric, isothermal

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Kinetic Theory of Gases and Thermodynamics PW Air
23. A vertical cylinder with heat-conducting walls is closed (a) ΔU1 = ΔU2
at the bottom and is fitted with a smooth light piston. It (b) relation between ΔU1 = ΔU2 can not be determined
contains one mole of an ideal gas. The temperature of the (c) ΔU2 > ΔU1
gas is always equal to the surrounding\s temperature, T0. The
(d) ΔU2 < ΔU1
piston is moved up slowly to increase the volume of the gas
to h times. Which of the following is incorrect? 28. Two rigid boxes containing different ideal gases are placed on
(a) Work done by the gas is RT0 ln h. a table. Box A contains one mole of nitrogen at temperature
(b) Work done against the atmosphere is RT0(h – 1). T0, while box B contains one mole of helium at temperature
(7/3) T0. The boxes are then put into thermal contact with
(c) There is no change in the internal energy of the gas.
each other, and heat flows between them until the gases
1 reach a common final temperature (Ignore the heat reach a
(d) The final pressure of the gas is times its initial
pressure. ( η − 1) capacity of boxes). Then, the final temperature of the gases,
Tf , in terms of T0 is
24. When heat is supplied to the gas it expands and displaces
piston by L/2 where natural length of springs are L = 1 m. 3 7
(a) T f = T0 (b) T f = T0
Spring constant K = 100 N/m. Area of piston is 1 m2. The 7 3
pressure of gas in final situation is 3 5
(c) T f = T0 (d) T f = T0
2 2
K K 29. The work of 146 kJ is performed in order to compress one
kilo mole of a gas adiabatically and in this process the
gas Vacuum temperature of the gas increases by 7°C. The gas is (R = 8.3
J mol–1K–1)

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L L
(a) diatomic
(a) 50 N/m2 (b) 100 N/m2 (b) triatomic
(c) 200 N/m2 (d) 400 N/m2 (c) a mixture of monoatomic and diatomic
25. A gaseous mixture consists of 16 g of helium and 16 g of (d) monoatomic
Cp 30. If Cp and Cv denote the specific heats of nitrogen per unit

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oxygen. The ratio of the mixture is
Cv mass at constant pressure and constant volume respectively,
(a) 1.59 (b) 1.62 (c) 1.4 (d) 1.54 then
R R
26. The temperature-entropy diagram of a reversible engine (a) C p − Cv = (b) C p − Cv =
cycle is given in the figure. Its efficiency is 28 14
(c) Cp – Cv = R (d) Cp – Cv = 28 R
T
1
31. A carnot engine, having an efficiency of η = as heat
2T0 10
engine, is used as a refrigerator. If the work done on the
system is 10 J, the amount of energy absorbed from the
T0 reservoir at lower temperature is
(a) 99 J (b) 90 J (c) 1 J (d) 100 J
S
S0 2S0 32. An insulated container of gas has two chambers separated
by an insulating partition. One of the chambers has volume
1 1 1 2 V1 and contains ideal gas at pressure p1 and temperature T1.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 4 3 3 The other chamber has volume V2 and contains ideal gas at
27. A system goes from A to B via two processes I and II as pressure p2 and temperature T2. If the partition is removed
shown in figure. If ΔU1 and ΔU2 are the changes in internal without doing any work on the gas, the final equilbrium
energies in the processes I and II respectively, then temperature of the gas in the container will be
T1T2 ( p1V1 + p2V2 ) p V T + p2V2T2
P Z (a) (b) 1 1 1
p1V1T2 + p2V2T2 p1V1 + p2V2
II
A B p1V1T2 + p2V2T1 T1T2 ( p1V1 + p1V2 )
(c) (d)
I p1V1 + p2V2 p1V1T1 + p2V2T2

33. When a system is taken from state i to state f along the path
iaf, it it found that Q = 50 cal and W = 20 cal. Along the path
V ibf, Q = 36 cal. W along the path ibf is
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 a f 38. The potential energy function for the force between two
atoms in a diatomic molecule is approximately given by
a b
U (=x) − , where a and b are constants and x is the
x12 x 6
distance between the atoms. If the dissociation energy of the
molecule is D = [U(x = ∞) – Uat equilibrium], D is
i b
b2 b2 b2 b2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(a) 6 cal (b) 16 cal (c) 66 cal (d) 14 cal 2a 12a 4a 6a
34. Assume the gas to be ideal, the work done on the gas in 39. Three perfect gases at absolute temperatures T1, T2 and T3 are
mixed. The masses of molecules are m1, m2 and m3 and the
taking it from A to B is
number of molecules are n1, n2 and n3 respectively. Assuming
A B no loss of energy, the final temperature of the mixture is
5
2 × 10
n1T1 + n2T2 + n3T3 n1T12 + n2T22 + n3T32
n = 2, g = 1.67 (a) (b)
n1 + n2 + n3 n1T1 + n2T2 + n3T3
p(Pa)
n12T12 + n22T22 + n32T32 (T1 + T2 + T3 )
(c) (d)
5
n1T1 + n2T2 + n3T3 3
1 × 10 C
D T 40. A carnot engine operating between temperatures T1 and T2
300K 500K has efficiency 1/6. When T2 is lowered by 62 K its efficiency
increases to 1/3. Then T1 and T2 are, respectively.

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(a) 200 R (b) 300 R (c) 400 R (d) 500 R
(a) 372 K and 330 K (b) 330 K and 268 K
35. The work done on the gas in taking it from D to A is (c) 310 K and 248 K (d) 372 K and 310 K
(see above figure)
41. A thermally insulated vessel contains an ideal gas of
A B molecular mass M and ratio of specific heats g. It is moving
with speed v and it suddenly brought to rest. Assuming no
5

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2 × 10
n = 2, g = 1.67 heat is lost to the surroundings, its temperature increase by
( γ − 1) γMv 2
p(Pa) (a) Mv 2 K (b) K
2 γR 2R
( γ − 1) ( γ − 1)
5
C (c) Mv 2 K (d) Mv 2 K
1 × 10 D T 2R 2 ( γ + 1) R
300K 500K
42. A container with insulating walls is divided into two equal
(a) –414 R (b) +414 R (c) –690 R (d) +690 R parts by a partition fitted with a valve. One part is filled with
an ideal gas at a pressure p and temperature T, whereas the
36. The net work on the gas in the cycle ABCEA is (see above
other part is completely evacuated. If the valve is suddenly
figure) opened, the pressure and temperature of the gas will be
A B p p T T
5 (a) ,T (b) , (c) P, T (d) p,
2 × 10 2 2 2 2
n = 2, g = 1.67 43. The specific heat capacity of a metal at low temperature (T)
3
p(Pa) is given as C p (kJK= −1 −1  T  A 100 g vessel of
K g ) 32  ⋅
 400 
5
C this metal is to be cooled from 20 K to 4 K by a special
1 × 10 D T refrigerator operating at room temperature (27°C). The
300K 500K amount of work required to cool the vessel is
(a) equal to 0.002 kJ
(a) Zero (b) 276 R (c) 1076 R (d) 1904 R
(b) greater than 0.148 kJ
37. One kg of a diatomic gas is at a pressure of 8 × 104 Nm–2. (c) between 0.148 kJ and 0.028 kJ
The density of the gas is 4 kgm–3. What is the energy of the
(d) less than 0.028 kJ
gas due to its thermal motion?
44. A Carnot engine, whose efficiency is 40%, takes in heat
(a) 3 × 104 J (b) 5 × 104 J from a source maintained at a temperature of 500 K, It is
(c) 6 × 104 J (d) 7 × 104 J desired to have an engine of efficiency 60% Then, the intake

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Kinetic Theory of Gases and Thermodynamics PW Air
 temperature for the same exhaust (sink) temperature must 48. If a piece of metal is heated to temperature q and then
be allowed to cool in a room which is at temperature q0, the
(a) Efficiency of Carnot engine cannot be made larger than graph between the temperature T of the metal and time t will
50% be closed to:
(b) 1200 K
(c) 750 K T
(d) 600 K (a)
q0
45. Helium gas goes through a cycle ABCDA (consisting of two
isochoric and isobaric lines) as shown in figure. Efficiency O t
of this cycle is nearly (Assume the gas to be close to ideal
gas)
T

(b)
2P0
B C q0

O t

P0 D T
A

(c)

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V0 2V0 O t

(a) 15.4% (b) 9.1% (c) 10.5% (d) 12.5% T

46. The above p-v diagram represents the thermodynamic cycle
of an engine, operating with an ideal monoatomic gas. The (d)
q0

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amount of heat, extracted from the source in a single cycle
is O t
P 49. An open glass tube is immersed in mercury in such a way
that a length of 8 cm extends above the mercury level. The
2P0
open end of the tube is then closed and sealed and the tube
P0 is raised vertically up by additional 46 cm. What will be
length of the air column above mercury in the tube now?
V0 2V0
V (Atmospheric pressure = 76 cm of Hg)
(a) 38 cm (b) 6 cm (c) 16 cm (d) 22 cm
 11 
(a)   p0 v0 (b) 4p0v0 50. One mole of diatomic ideal gas undergoes a cyclic process
2
ABC as shown in figure. The process BC is adiabatic. The
 13  temperature at A, B and C are 400 K, 800 K and 600 K
(c) p0v0 (d)   p0 v0
2 respectively. Choose the correct statement:
47. An ideal gas enclosed in a vertical cylindrical container
P B
supports a freely moving piston of mass M. The piston and 800 K
the cylinder have equal cross sectional area A. When the
piston is in equilibrium, the volume of the gas is V0 and
its pressure is P0. The piston is slightly displaced from the 600 K
equilibrium position and released. Assuming that the system C
A 400 K
is completely isolated from its surrounding, the piston
executes a simple harmonic motion with frequency: V

1 A2 γP0 1 MV0 (a) The change in internal energy in the process AB is –350 R.
(a) (b)
2π MV0 2π AγP0 (b) The change in internal energy in the process BC is –500 R.
(c) The change in internal energy in whole cyclic process
1 AγP0 1 V0 MP0
(c) (d) is 250 R.
2π V0 M 2 π A2 y
(d) The change in internal energy in the process CA is 700 R.
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 51. Consider an ideal gas confined in an isolated closed chamber. Cp – Cv = b for nitrogen gas
As the gas undergoes an adiabatic expansion, the average The correct relation between a and b is:
time of collision between molecules increases as V q, when 1
 Cp  (a) a = 28 b (b) a = b
V is the volume of the gas. The value of q is:  γ =  14
 Cv  (c) a = b (d) a = 14 b
γ +1 γ −1 56. The temperature of an open, room of volume 30 m3 increases
(a) (b) from 17°C to 27°C due to the sunshine. The atmospheric
2 2
pressure in the room remains 1 × 105 Pa. If ni and nf are the
3γ + 5 3γ − 5
(c) (d) number of molecules in the room before and after heating,
6 6 then nf – ni will be
52. A solid body of constant heat capacity 1 J/°C is being heated (a) –2.5 × 1025 (b) –1.61 × 1023
by keeping it in contact with reservoirs in two ways: 23
(c) 1.38 × 10 (d) 2.5 × 1025
(i) Sequentially keeping in contact with 2 reservoirs such
that each reservoir supplies same amount of heat. 57. Two moles of an ideal monoatomic gas occupies a volume
V at 27°C. The gas expands adiabatically to a volume 2 V
(ii) Sequentially keeping in contact with 8 reservoirs such
calculate (1) the final temperature of gas and (2) change in
that each reservoirs supplies same amount of heat.
its internal energy.
In both the cases body is brought from initial temperature
100°C to final temperature 200°C. (a) (1) 195 K (2) 2.7 kJ (b) (1) 189 K (2) 2.7 kJ
Entropy change of the body in the two cases respectively (c) (1) 195 K (2) –2.7 kJ (d) (1) 189 K (2) –2.7 kJ
is: 58. Statement-I: The total translational kinetic energy of all the
(a) ln2, 2ln2 (b) 2ln2, 8ln2 molecules of a given mass of an ideal gas is 1.5 times the

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(c) ln2, 4ln2 (d) ln2, ln2 product of its pressure and its volume because

53. ‘n’ moles of an ideal gas undergoes a process A → B as Statement-II: The molecules of a gas collide with each
shown in the figure. The maximum temperature of the gas other and the velocities of the molecules change due to the
during the process will be collision.
(a) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True, Statement-II

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P is a correct explanation for Statement-I.
A (b) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True, Statement-II
2P0 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-I.
(c) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False.
P0 B (d) Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True.
59. An ideal gas is expanding such that PT2 = constant. The
V0 2V0 V coefficient of volume expansion of the gas is
1 2 3 4
3 p0V0 9 P0V0 (a) (b) (c) (d)
(a) (b) T T T T
2nR 2nR 60. A real gas behaves like an ideal gas if its
9P0V0 9 P0V0 (a) pressure and temperature are both high
(c) (d)
nR 4nR (b) pressure and temperature are both low
54. An ideal gas undergoes a quasi static, reversible process in (c) pressure is high and temperature is low
which its molar heat capacity C remains constant. If during (d) pressure is low and temperature is high
this process the relation of pressure P and volume V is given 61. 5.6 liter of helium gas at STP is adiabatically compressed
by PVn = constant, then n is given by (Here Cp and Cv are to 0.7 liter. Taking the initial temperature to be T1, the work
molar specific heat at constant pressure and constant volume, done in the process is-
respectively): (a) 9/8 RT1 (b) 3/2 RT1
C − Cp Cp − C (c) 15/8 RT1 (d) 9/2 RT1
(a) n = (b) n =
C − Cv C − Cv
62. A mixture of 2 moles of helium gas (atomic mass = 4 amu)
C − Cv Cp and 1 mole of argon gas (atomic mass = 40 amu) is kept at
(c) n = (d) n = 300 K in a container. The ratio of the rms speeds i
C − Cp Cv
 vrms ( helium ) 
55. Cp and Cv are specific heats at constant pressure and constant   is
volume respectively it is observed that  vrms ( argon ) 
Cp – Cv = a for hydrogen gas (a) 0.32 (b) 0.45 (c) 2.24 (d) 3.16

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Kinetic Theory of Gases and Thermodynamics PW Air
 63. Two moles of ideal helium gas are in a rubber balloon at 30°C.
The balloon is fully expandable and can be assumed to require
no energy in its expansion. The temperature of the gas in the
balloon is slowly changed to 35°C. the amount of heat required
in raising the temperature is nearly (take R = 8.31 J/mol. K)
(a) 62 J (b) 104 J (c) 124 J (d) 208 J
64. Two non-reactive monoatomic ideal gases have their atomic
masses in the ratio 2 : 3. The ratio of their partial pressures,
when enclosed in a vessel kept at a constant temperature, is
4 : 3. The ratio of their densities is
(a) 1 : 4 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 6 : 9 (d) 8 : 9
65. A student is performing an experiment using a resonance
column and a tuning fork of frequency 244 s–1. He is told
that the air in the tube has been replaced by another gas
(assume that the column remains filled with the gas). If
the minimum hight at which resonance occurs is (0.350
± 0.005)m, the gas in the tube is (useful information:
= 167RT 640 = J1/2 mole1/2 , 140RT 590 J1/2 mole –1/2.
The molar masses M is garms are given in the options. Take
10
(c) Pressure exerted by gas on wall is lower in Case-I than
in Case-II.
(d) Average kinetic energy of gas molecules after collision
is lower in Case-I than in Case-II.
68. A vessel contains 6 × 1026 molecules m–3. Mass of each
molecule is 6 × 10–27 kg. Assume that, on an average, one-sixth
of the molecules move with a velocity 103 m/s perpendicularly
towards each wall. If the collisions with the walls are
perfectly elastic, then which of the following is correct?
(a) Change in momentum of each molecule is 12 × 10–24
kg m/s in each collision
(b) The number of molecules hitting normally to1 m2 of the
wall per second is 1029
(c) Total change in momentum of all molecules per second
is 1031 SI units
(d) The number of molecules hitting one square metre of
the surface is 6 × 1029
69. A partition divides a container having insulated walls into
two compartments I and II. The same gas fills the two
compartments whose initial parameters are given. The

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the values of for each gas as given there.) partition is a conducting wall which can move freely without
M friction. Which of the following statements is/are correct,
 10 7 with reference to the final equilibrium position?
(a) Neon
=  M 20, = 
 20 10 
 10 3 
(b) Nitrogen
=  M 28,
=  P,V,T 2P, 2V, T
28 5 

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 I II
 10 9 
(c) Oxygen
=  M 32,= 
 32 16 
(a) The pressures in the two compartments are equal
 10 17  (b) Volume of compartment I is 3V/5.
(d) Argon
=  M 36, = 
 36 32  (c) Volume of compartment II is 12V/5.
66. A gas enclosed in a cylinder with movable frictionless piston. (d) Final pressure in compartment I is 5P/3.
Its initial thermodynamic state at pressure Pi = 105 m3 and 70. During an experiment, an ideal gas is found to obey a
volume vi = 10–3 m3 changes to a final state a Pf = (1/32) condition P2/r = constant (r = density of the gas). The gas
× 105 Pa and Vf = 8 × 10–3 m3 in an adiabatic quasi - static is initially at temperature T, pressure P and density r. The
process, such that P 3V 5 = constant. Consider another gas expands such that density changes to r/2.
thermodynamic process that brings the system from the same (a) The pressure of the gas changes to 2 P.
initial state to the same final state in two steps : an isobaric
expansion at Pi followed by an isochoric (isovolumetric) (b) The temperature of the gas changes to 2T .
process at volume Vf. The amount of heat supplied to the (c) The graph of the above process on the P-T diagram is
system in the two process in approximately hyperbola.
(a) 112 J (b) 294 J (c) 588 J (d) 813J (d) The graph of the above process on the P-T diagram is
hyperbola.
MULTIPLE CORRECT 71. One gram molecule of nitrogen occupies 2 × 104 cm3 at a
pressure of 106 dyne cm–2.
67. Case-I: The temperature of the walls of a vessel containing
a gas at temperature T, is Twall. It is known that Twall > T. Given: NA = 6 × 1023. Which of the following is correct?
Case-II: same gas fill in an another vessel has temperature 1 −13
(a) The value of kT is × 10 erg
Twall < T (All other conditions are keeping same), Then 3
(a) Pressure exerted by gas on wall is higher in Case-I than 1
(b) The value of kT is × 10−13 erg
in Case-II. 4
(b) Average kinetic energy of gas molecules after collision (c) Mean kinetic energy per molecule is 5 × 10–14 erg
is higher in Case-I than in Case-II. (d) Mean kinetic energy per molecule is 9.8 erg

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 1 76. A mixture of ideal gases 7 kg of nitrogen and 11 kg of CO2.
72. The mean kinetic energy of the molecules of a gas is th Then
of its value at 127°C. The temperature of the gas is 4
(a) equivalent molecular weight of the mixture is 36.
(a) 100 K (b) –173°C (c) 8°F (d) 9°R (b) equivalent molecular weight of the mixture is 18.
73. In the adjoined figure the indicator diagram of an ideal (c) g for the mixture is 5/2
thermodynamic gas system is represented. If the change in (d) g for the mixture is 47/35
internal energy along the path acb is 10 calorie then change (Take g for nitrogen and CO2 as 1.4 and 1.3 respectively)
in internal energy along the path bda will be
77. The temperature change versus heat supplied curve is given
P for 1 kg of a solid block. Then which of the following
d b statement(s) is/are correct:
Temp.(K)

a c
V
(a) 10 Calorie (b) –10 Calorie 45°
(c) more than 10 Calorie (d) less than 10 Calorie
30°
74. AB : Isothermal (TA = 300 K)
BC : Adiabatic (Work = 5J) 150J 200J
Heat supplied (J)
CD : Constant pressure (5 atm)
(a) Specific heat of the solid is 2J/(kg-K)

P Air
DE : Isothermal
(b) Specific heat of the liquid is 1J/(kg-K)
EA : Adiabatic (Change in internal energy 8J)
(c) Latent heat of vaporization is 150 J/kg
P (d) Latent heat of vaporization is 200 J/kg
A
78. Three processes from a thermodynamic cycle as shown on
B P-V diagram for an ideal gas. Process 1 → 2 takes place at

W
E constant temperature (300 K). Process 2 → 3 takes place
C at constant volume. During this process 40 J of heat leaves
D
V the system. Process 3 → 1 is adiabatic and temperature T3
is 275K. Work done by the gas during the process 3 → 1 is
(a) Work done in the cycle is 13 J P 1
(b) Change in internal energy in path CD is –13 J
(c) Heat transferred in path DE is –11 J
2
(d) Work done in EA is –8 J
75. Figure shows two paths that may be taken by gas from an 3
initial point i to final point f. Path 1 consists of an isothermal V
expansion (work is 50 J in magnitude), an adiabatic
(a) –40 J (b) –20 J (c) +40 J (d) +20 J
expansion (work is 40 J in magnitude), & then an adiabatic
compression (work is 25 J in magnitude) 79. If DA and BC are adiabatic curves and AB and CD are
isothermal curves then
P i(A)
A
(B)
f (E)
B
path 2 (D)
(C) V D
F G
V C

(a) Change in internal energy in path 2, i.e. n path AFGE P

is –15 J (a) Temperature A and C will be same
(b) Heat transferred in path AB is 50 J (b) Temperature at A is greater then that at B
(c) Internal energy change in path DE is – 15 J (c) Temperature at B is greater then that at C
(d) Work done is greatest in path FG (d) Temperature at A and D are same

8
Kinetic Theory of Gases and Thermodynamics PW Air
 80. A piston of mass m can move without friction in a uniform (b) Cp + Cv is larger for a diatomic ideal gas than for a
closed cylinder at one end. A gas is enclosed in it. For this monoatomic ideal gas
situation mark the correct statement(s) (c) Cp/Cv is larger for a diatomic ideal gas than for a
(a) If cylinder is kept horizontal then pressure of gas must monoatomic ideal gas
be equal to atmospheric pressure. (d) Cp . Cv is larger for a diatomic ideal gas than for a
(b) If cylinder is kept vertical then pressure of gas may be monoatomic ideal gas
greater than atmospheric pressure. 84. The figure shows the P–V plot of an ideal gas taken through
(c) If cylinder is kept vertical then pressure of gas must be a cycle ABCDA. The part ABC is a semicircle and CDA is
greater than atmospheric pressure half of an ellipse. Then,
(d) If cylinder is kept vertical then pressure of gas can’t be
equal to atmospheric pressure P
A
3
81. In the arrangement shown in figure. Gas is thermally
insulated. An ideal gas is filled in the cylinder having 2
pressure P0 (> atmospheric pressure Pa). Spring of force B
D
constant k is initially unstretched. Piston of mass m and area 1
C
S is frictionless. In equilibrium piston rises up a distance x0.
then V
0 1 2 3

(a) the process during the path A → B is isothermal

P Air
(b) heat flows out of the gas during the path B → C → D
k
(c) work done during the path A → B → C is zero
(d) positive work is done by the gas in the cycle ABCDA
m, S
85. One mole of an ideal gas in initial sate A undergoes a cyclic

W
process ABCA, as shown in the figure. Its pressure at A is
P0 P0. Choose the correct option (s) from the following.

V
B
4v0

kx0 mg
(a) final pressure of the gas is Pa + +
S S
v0 C A
1
(b) work done by the gas is kx02 + mgx0
2 T0
T
(c) decrease in internal energy of the gas is
1 2 (a) Internal energies at A and B are the same.
kx0 + mgx0 + Pa Sx0 (b) Work done by the gas in process AB is P0V0 ln 4
2
(c) Pressure at C is P0/4
1 2
(d) work done by the gas is kx0 (d) Temperature at C is T0/4
2
82. Which of the following is incorrect regarding the first law 86. A container of fixed volume has a mixture of one mole
of thermodynamics? of hydrogen and one mole of helium in equilibrium at
(a) It is not applicable to any cyclic process temperature T. Assuming the gases are ideal, the correct
(b) It is a restatement of the principle of conservation of statement(s) is (are)
energy (a) The average energy per mole of the gas mixture is 2RT.
(c) It introduces the concept of the internal energy (b) The ratio of speed of sound in the gas mixture to that
(d) It introduces the concept of the entropy in helium gas is 6 / 5.
83. Cv and Cp denote the molar specific heat capacities of a gas (c) The ratio of the rms speed of helium atoms to that of
at constant volume and constant pressure, respectively. Then hydrogen molecules is 1/2.
(a) Cp – Cv is larger for a diatomic ideal gas than for a (d) The ratio of the rms speed of helium atoms to that of
monoatomic ideal gas hydrogen moleucles is 1/ 2.

P Air Kinetic Theory of Gases and Thermodynamics

W 9
 87. One mole of a monatomic ideal gas undergoes a cyclic 90. The piston is taken completely out of the cylinder. The hole at
process as shown in the figure (where V is the volume and the top is sealed. A water tank is brought below the cylinder
T is the temperature). Which of the statements below is (are) and put in a position so that the water surface in the tank
true? is at the same level as the top of the cylinder as shown in
the figure. The density of the water is r. In equilibrium, the
T height H of the water column in the cylinder satisfies
II

I III
L0
IV H
V
(a) Process I is an isochoric process (a) rg(L0 – H)2 + P0(L0 – H) + L0P0 = 0
(b) In process II, gas absorbs heat (b) rg(L0 – H)2 – P0(L0 – H) – L0P0 = 0
(c) In process IV, gas releases heat (c) rg(L0 – H)2 + P0(L0 – H) – L0P0 = 0
(d) Processes I and II are not isobaric (d) rg(L0 – H)2 – P0(L0 – H) + L0P0 = 0

COMPREHENSION TYPE Passage-2

Passage-1 Questions 91 and 92 are based on the following passage.

P Air
Questions 88 to 90 are based on the following passage.
A fixed thermally conducting cylinder has radius R and length L0.
The cylinder is open at its bottom and has a small hole at its top.
A piston of mass M is held at a distance L from the top surface, as
shown in the figure. The atmospheric pressure is P0.
In the figure a container is shown to have a movable (without
friction) piston on top. The container and the piston are all made
of perfectly insulating material allowing no heat transfer between
outside and inside the container. The container is divided into two
compartments by a rigid partition made of a thermally conducting
material that allows slow transfer of heat. The lower compartment

W
of the container is filled with 2 moles of an ideal monatomic gas
2R at 700 K and the upper compartment is filled with 2 moles of
L an ideal diatomic gas at 400 K. The heat capacities per mole of
3 5
an ideal monatomic gas are = Cv = R, C p R and those for an
2 2
L0
5 7
ideal diatomis gas =
are Cv = R, C p R
2 2

Piston

88. The piston is now pulled out slowly and held at a distance
2L from the top. The pressure in the cylinder between its top
and the piston will then be
(a) P0 (b) P0/2
P0 Mg P0 Mg
(c) + (d) −
2 πR 2 2 πR 2 91. Consider the partition to be rigidly fixed so that it does not
move. When equilibrium is achieved, the final temperature
89. While the piston is at a distance 2L from the top, the hole at
to the gases will be
the top is sealed. The piston is then released, to a position
where it can stay in equilibrium. In this condition, the (a) 550 K (b) 525 K
distance of the piston from the top is (c) 513 K (d) 490 K

 2 P0 πR 2   P0 πR 2 − Mg  92. Now consider the partition to be free to move without friction

(a)  2  ( 2 L ) (b)  2  ( 2 L ) so that the pressure of gases in both compartments is the
 πR P0 + Mg   πR P0  same. Then total work done by the gases till the time they
 P πR 2 + Mg  achieve equilibrium will be
 P0 πR 2 
 ( 2 L )
 πR 2 P − Mg  ( )
(c)  0 (d)  2L (a) 250 R (b) 200 R
 πR 2 P
 0   0  (c) 100 R (d) –100 R

10
Kinetic Theory of Gases and Thermodynamics PW Air
Passage-3
Questions 93 and 95 are based on the following passage.
An ideal gas is undergoing a cyclic thermodynamic process in different ways as shown in the corresponding P – V diagrams in column
3 of the table. Consider only the path from state 1 to state 2. W denotes the corresponding work done on the system. The equations and
plots in the table have standard notations as used in thermodynamic processes. Here g is the ratio of heat capacities at constant pressure
and constant volume. The number of moles in the gas is n.
Column-1 Column-2 Column-3
P
1 2
1
=
(I) W1→ 2 ( P2 V2 − P1 V2 ) (i) (Isothermal) P.
γ −1
V
P
1
(II) W1 → 2 = –PV2 + PV1 (ii) (Isochoric) Q.
2
V
P 1
2
(III) W1 → 2 = 0 (iii) (Isobaric) R.

P Air
V
P 1
 V2 
(IV) W1→ 2 = −nRT ln   (iv) (Adiabatic) S.
 V1 
2

W
V
93. Which of the following options is the only correct
Column-I Column-II
representation of a process in which DU = DQ – PDV ?
(a) (II) (iii) (P) (b) (II) (iii) (S) A. Process J → K p. w>0
(c) (III) (iii) (P) (d) (III) (iv) (R) B. Process K → L q. w<0
94. Which one of the following options is the correct C. Process L → M r. Q>0
combination? D. Process M → J s. Q<0
(a) (II) (iv) (P) (b) (IV) (ii) (S)
(c) (II) (iv) (R) (d) (III) (ii) (S) 97. Column-I: Contains a list of processes involving expansion
of an ideal gas. Match this with Column-II describing the
95. Which one of the following options correctly represents a
thermodynamic change during this process. Indicate your
thermodynamic process that is used as a correction in the
answer by darkening the appropriate bubbles of the 4 × 4
determination of the speed of sound in an ideal gas?
matrix given in the ORS.
(a) (III) (iv) (R) (b) (I) (ii) (Q)
(c) (IV) (ii) (R) (d) (I) (iv) (Q) openea

I II
MATRIX THE COLUMN
ideal gas vacuum
96. Match the following for the given process:

P(atm) Column-I Column-II

J
30 A. An insulated container p. The temperature of
has two chambers the by gas decreases
20 M separated a val ve
Chamber I contains an
10
K
L ideal gas the Chamber II
has vacaum. The valve
10 20V(m 3) is opened.

P Air Kinetic Theory of Gases and Thermodynamics

W 11
 B. An ideal monoatomic q. The temperature of C. Internal energy of r. System : a gas in a the
gas expands to twice the gas increase or system is converted rigid container
its original volume remains constant into its mechanical Process : The gas
such that its pressure energy. gets cooled due to
1
P ∝ 2 , where V is colder atmosphere
V
surrounding it
the volume of the gas
C. An ideal monoatomic r. The gas loses heat D. Mass of the system is s. System : A heavy
gas expands to twice decreased nucleus initially at rest
its original volume Process : The nucleus
such that its pressure fissions into two
1 fragments of nearly
P ∝ 4/3 , where V is
V equal masses and
its volume some neutrons are
D. An ideal monoatomic s. The gas gains heat emitted
gas expands such that its
t. System : A resistive
pressure P and volume
V follows the behaviour wire loop
shown in the graph Process : The loop is
v placed in a time

P Air
varying magnetic field
perpendicular to its
v1 2v1 v plane.

98. This section contains 2 questions. Each questions contains 99. One mole of a monatomic ideal gas is taken through a cycle
statements given in two columns, which have to be matched. ABCDA as shown in the P-V diagram. Column-II gives the

W
The statements in Column-I are labelled A, B, C and D, characteristics involved in the cycle. Match them with each
while the statements in Column-II are labelled p, q, r, s of the processes given in Column-I:
and t. Any given statement in Column-I can have correct
matching with one or more statement(s) in Column-II. The
appropriate bubbles corresponding to the answers to these B A
questions have to be darkened as illustrated in the following 3P
example:
If the correct matches are A – p, s and t; B – q and r; C – p and
q; and D – s and t; then the correct darkening of bubbles will
look like the following. Column-II gives certain systems
undergoing a process. Column-I suggests changes in some
1P
C D
of the parameters related to the system. Match the statements
in Column-I to the appropriate process(es) from Column-II. 0 1V 3V 9V V
Column-I Column-II
Column-I Column-II
A. The energy of the p. System : A capacitor
system is increased Initially uncharged A. Process A → B p. Internal energy decreases
increased
B. Process B → C q. Internal energy increases
Process : It is connected
to a battery C. Process C → D r. Heat is lost
B. Mechanical energy q. System : A gas in an D. Process D → A s. Heat is gained
is provided to the adiabatic container
system, which is fitted with an t. Work is done on the gas
converted into energy adiabatic piston
of random motion of 100. One mole of a monatomic ideal gas is taken along two
Process : The gas is
cyclic processes E → F → G → E and E → F → H → E as
its parts compressed piston
shown in the PV diagram. The processes involved are purely
by pushing the
isochoric, isobaric, isothermal or adiabatic.

12
Kinetic Theory of Gases and Thermodynamics PW Air
 P F INTEGER TYPE
32P0
102. 70 calorie of heat is required to raise the temperature of 2
mole of an ideal gas at constant pressure from 40°C to 45°C.
Find the amount of heat required to raise the temperature
of the same through the same range at constant volume
P0 G (R = 2 cal/mol–K)
E H
103. One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas is at 360 K and a
V0 G pressure of 105 pa. It is compressed at constant pressure
Match the paths in Column-I with the magnitudes of the until its volume is halved. Taking R as 8.3 J mol–1K–1 and
work done in Column-II and select the correct answer using the initial volume of the gas as 3.0 × 10–2 m3, find the work
the codes given below the lists. done on the gas?

Column-I Column-II 104. A Carnot engine working between 300 K and 600 K has a
work out put of 800 J per cycle. The amount of heat energy
A. G → E p. 160 P0V0 In 2
supplied t to the engine from the source in each cycle is
B. G → H q. 36 P0V0
105. Air separated from the atmosphere by a column of mercury
C. F → H r. 24 P0V0 of length h = 15 cm is present in a narrow cylindrical two
D. F → G s. 31 P0V0 soldered at one end. When the tube is placed horizontally the
Codes : air occupies a volume V1 = 240 mm3. When it is set vertically
A B C D with its open end upwards the volume of the air is V2 = 200
(a) s r q p mm3. The atmospheric pressure during the experiment is

P Air
7n cm of Hg where n is single digit number. Find n.
(b) s r p q
(c) r p q s 106. The mass of a molecule of a gas is 4 × 10–30 kg. If 1023
molecules strike the area of 4 square meter with the velocity
(d) p r q s
107 m/sec, then what is the pressure exerted on the surface ?
101. One mole of a monatomic ideal gas undergoes four (Assuming perfectly elastic collision and they are hitting
thermodynamic processes as shown schematically in the PV- perpendicularly) (Ans. in N/m2)

W
diagram below. Among these four processes, one is isobaric,
one is isochoric, one is isothermal and one is adiabatic. Match
the processes mentioned in Column-I with the corresponding
statements in Column-II.
107. Oxygen and hydrogen gases are at temperature T. Then the
K.E of molecules of oxygen gas is equal to how many times
of K.E. of molecules of hydrogen gas

P 108. Figure below shows two paths that may be taken by a gas to
II go from a state A to a state C. In process AB, 400 J of heat
3P0 is added to the system and in process BC, 100 J of heat is
IV III added to the system. The heat absorbed by the system in the
I process AC will be
P0
P
V0 V B
3V0 4
6 × 10 Pa C

Column-I Column-II
A. In process I p. Work done by the gas
is zero
A
B. In process II q. Temperature of the gas 4
remains unchanged 2 × 10 Pa
C. In process III r. No heat is exchanged –3 3 –3 3
between the gas and its 2 × 10 m 4 × 10 m
V
surround ings
D. In process IV s. Work done by the gas is 109. A gas at NTP is suddenly compressed to one-fourth of its
6 P0V0 original volume. If g is supposed to be 3/2, then find final
pressure?
(a) P → 4 ; Q → 3 ; R → 1 ; S → 2
110. A diatomic ideal gas is compressed adiabatically to 1/32 of
(b) P → 1 ; Q → 3 ; R → 2 ; S → 4 its initial volume. In the initial temperature of the gas is T1
(c) P → 3 ; Q → 4 ; R → 1 ; S → 2 (in Kelvin) and the final temperature is a T1, the value of a
(d) P → 3 ; Q → 4 ; R → 2 ; S → 1 is
P Air Kinetic Theory of Gases and Thermodynamics
W 13
111. A thermodynamic system is taken from an initial state i
with internal energy Ui = 100 J to the final state f along two
different paths iaf and ibf, as schematically shown in the
figure. The work done by the system along the paths af, ib and
bf are Waf = 200 J, Wib = 50 J and Wbf = 100 J respectively.
The heat supplied to the system along the path iaf, ib and bf
are Qiaf, Qib and Qbf respectively. If the internal energy of
the system in the state b is Ub = 200 J and Qiaf = 500 J, the
ratio Qbf /Qid is
a that at constant volume is:
f
P
i
b 124. The volume of one mole of an ideal gas with specific heat
V a
112. One mole of a monatomic ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic
expansion in which its volume becomes eight times its initial
value. If the initial temperature of the gas is 100 K and the
universal gas constant R = 8.0 J mol–1 K–1, the decrease in
its internal energy, in Joule, is............ .
P Air
SUBJECTIVE TYPE
113. Suppose the pressure P and the density r of air are related
as P/rn = constant regardless of height (n is a constant
here). The corresponding temperature gradient is (M is the
W
molecular weight of air)
114. The quantity of gas in a closed vesel is halved and the
velocities of its molecules are doubled. The final pressure
of the gas will be
115. The temperature of an air bubble while rising from bottom to
surface of a lake remains constant but its diameter is doubled
if the pressure on the surface is equal to h meter of mercury
column and relative density of mercury is r then the depth
of lake in metre is
116. Two identical containers A and B have frictionless pistons.
They contain the same volume of an ideal gas at the same
temperature. The mass of the gas in A is mA and that in B
is mB. The gas in each cylinder is now allowed to expand
isothermally to double the initial volume. The changes
in the pressure in A and B are found to be Dp and 1.5 Dp
respectively. Find the ratio of mA to mB
117. Consider a sample of oxygen at 300 K. Find the average
time taken by a molecule to travel a distance equal to the
diameter of the earth. (Diameter of earth = 12800 km)
118. Find the average magnitude of linear momentum of a
helium molecule in a sample of helium gas at 0°C Mass of
helium molecule = 6.64 × 10–27 kg and Boltazmann constant
= 1.38 × 10–23 J/K.
119. The mean speed of the molecules of a hydrogen sample
equals the mean speed of the molecules of helium sample.
Calculate the ratio of the temperature of the hydrogen sample
to the temperature of the helium sample.
14
120. Equal molar amount of H2, He having molecular weight of
2 and 4 respectively are filled at same temperature in two
containers of equal volumes. If H2 gas has a pressure of
4 atmospheres, then He gas will have pressure as
121. Find the ratio of the mean speed of hydrogen molecules to
the mean speed of nitrogen molecules in a sample containing
a mixture of the two gases.
122. The molar specific heat at constant pressure of an ideal gas
is (7/2)R. The ratio of specific heat at constant pressure to
R
123. For a gas = 0.67. This gas is made up of molecules which
are: Cv
ratio g is varied according to the law V = 2 , where a is a
T
constant. Find the amount of heat obtained by the gas in this
process if the gas temperature is increased by DT.
1
125. A monoatomic gas (g = 5/3) is suddenly compressed to
8
of its original volume adiabatically, then the pressure of the
gas will change to
126. In the P - V diagram, the point B and C correspond to
temperatures T1 and T2 respectively. State relationship
between T1 and T2.
A
B
V D
C
P
127. A gas undergoes a process in which the pressure and volume
are related by VPn = constant. Find the buk modulus of the
gas.
128. One mole of gas expands with temperature T such that its
volume, V = kT2, where k is a constant. If the temperature
of the gas changes by 60°C then find the work done by the
gas?
129. An amount Q of heat is added to a monoatomic ideal gas
in a process in which the gas perform a work Q/2 on its
surrounding. Find the molar heat capacity for the process.
130. An ideal gas is taken through a process in which the pressure
and the volume are changed according to the equation p = kV.
Show that the molar heat capacity of the gas for the process
is given by C = Cv + R/2.
131. An ideal gas (Cp/Cv = g) is taken through a process in which
the pressure and the volume vary as p = aVb. Find the value
of b for which the molar specific heat capacity in the process
is zero.
Kinetic Theory of Gases and Thermodynamics PW Air
132. Pressure versus temperature graph of an ideal gas is shown.
Density of gas at point A is r0. Find the density of gas at B.
P
B A
3P
P A
T0 2T0
133. V-T curve for 2 moles of a gas is straight line as shown in
the graph here. Find the pressure of gas at A.
V(lit.)
B P
A
53°
T(K)
134. An ideal gas is taken through a cyclic thermodynamic process
through four steps. The amounts of heat involved in these
steps are Q1 = 5960 J, Q2 = –5585 J, Q3 = – 2980 J and
P Air
Q 4 = 3645 J respectively. The corresponding works
involved are W1 = 2200 J, W2 = –825 J, W3 = – 1100 J and
W4 respectively.
(i) Find the value of W4
(ii) What is the efficiency of the cycle?
W
135. At 10°C the value of the density of a fixed mass of an ideal
gas divided by its pressure is x. At 110°C this ratio is
136. A ballon is filled at 27°C and 1 atm pressure by 500 m3
He. At – 3°C and 0.5 atm pressures, the volume of He-gas
contained in ballon will be
137. Five grams of helium having rms speed of molecules
1000 m/s and 24 g of oxygen having rms speed of 1000
m/s are introduced into a thermally isolated vessel. Find
the rms speeds of helium and oxygen individually when
thermal equilibrium is attained. Neglect the heat capacity
of the vessel
138. One mole of an ideal diatomic gas undergoes a transition
from A to B along a path AB as shown in the figure. The
change in internal energy of the gas during the transition is
A (i) the final temperature of the gas in each chamber and
5
P(in kPa) 2 B 142. A cylinder of mass 1 kg is given heat of 20000 J at atmospheric
4 (a) final temperature of the cylinder
6
3
V(in m )
139. A sample of an ideal non linear tri-atomic gas has a pressure
P0 and temperature T0 taken through the cycle as shown
starting from A. Pressure for process C → D is 3 times P0.
Calculate the heat absorbed in the cycle and work done.
P Air Kinetic Theory of Gases and Thermodynamics
W 15
V
7V0 B C
2
V0 D
T0 T
140. For the thermodynamic process shown in the figure.
PA = 1 × 105 Pa ; PB = 0.3 × 105 Pa
PD = 0.6 × 105 Pa ; VA = 0.20 litre
VD = 1.30 litre.
A
PA
PD D
B C
PB
VA VC VD
V
(a) Find the work performed by the system along path AD.
(b) In the total work done by the system along the path ADC
is 85 J find the volume a point C.
(c) How much work is perfomed by the system along the
path CDA?
141. Two rectangular boxes shown in figures has a partition
which can slide without friction along the length of the box.
Initially each of the two chambers of the box has one mole
of a monoatomic ideal gas (g = 5/3) at a pressure p0 volume
V0 and temperature T0. The chamber on the left is slowly
heated by an electric heater. The walls of the box and the
partitions are thermally insulated. Heat loss through the lead
wires of the heater is negligible. The gas in the left chamber
expands, pushing the partition until the final pressure in both
chambers becomes 243 P0/32. Determine
(ii) the work-done by the gas in the right chamber.
pressure. If initially temperature of cylinder is 20°C, find
(b) work done by the cylinder
(c) change in internal energy of the cylinder.
(Given that specific heat of cylinder = 400 J kg–1°C–1,
Coefficient of volume expansion = 9 ×10 –5 °C –1 ,
Atmospheric pressure = 105 N/m2 and density of cylinder
= 9000 kg/m3)
 ANSWER KEY

1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (d)
11. (a) 12. (d) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (a) 16. (a) 17. (c) 18. (b) 19. (b) 20. (c)
21. (c) 22. (b) 23. (d) 24. (b) 25. (b) 26. (c) 27. (a) 28. (c) 29. (a) 30. (a)
31. (b) 32. (a) 33. (a) 34. (c) 35. (b) 36. (c) 37. (b) 38. (c) 39. (a) 40. (d)
41. (c) 42. (a) 43. (c) 44. (c) 45. (a) 46. (a) 47. (a) 48. (b) 49. (c) 50. (b)
51. (a) 52. (d) 53. (d) 54. (a) 55. (d) 56. (a) 57. (d) 58. (b) 59. (c) 60. (d)
61. (a) 62. (d) 63. (d) 64. (d) 65. (d) 66. (c) 67. (a,b) 68. (a,b) 69. (a,b,c,d) 70. (b,d)
71. (a,c) 72. (a,b) 73. (b) 74. (b,d) 75. (a,b) 76. (a,d) 77. (a,b,d) 78. (c) 79. (c) 80. (a,b)
81. (a,c) 82. (a,c) 83. (b,d) 84. (b,d) 85. (a,b) 86. (a,b,d) 87. (b,c,d) 88. (a) 89. (d) 90. (c)
91. (d) 92. (d) 93. (a) 94. (d) 95. (d) 96. (A – s; B – p, r; C – r; D – q, s)
97. (A – q; B – p, r; C – p, s; D – q, s) 98. (A – p, q, s, t; B – q; C – s; D – s) 99. (A – p, t, r; B – p, r; C – q, s; D – r, t)
100. (a) 101. (c) 102. [50 calorie] 103. [1500 J] 104. [1600 J] 105. [5] 106. [2]
107. [1] 108. [460 J] 109. [8 atmosphere] 110. [4] 111. [2] 112. [900]
 Mg (n − 1) 

P Air
113.  − 114. [2P] 115. [7hr] 116. [2/3] 117. [1.28.7236 × 103 sec.]
 nR 
 20012.428  7
118.  × 10−25 kg − m/s  119. [1 : 2] 120. [4 atmosphere] 121. [ 14] 122.   123. [Monoatomic]
 π  5
  3 − 2γ    24 
124.  R∆T   125.   126. [T1 > T2] 127. [P/n] 128. [120 R] 129. [3R]

W
  γ − 1  5
3
130. [PROOF] 131. [–g] 132.  ρ0  133. [1.25 × 104 N/m2]
2 
∆Wr  283 
=
134. [(i) DQT = DWT in cyclic process (ii) η × 100 ] 135.  x 136. [900 m3]
∆Q(only the)  383 
3RT 4
137. [For helium, 100 = ] 138. [–20 kJ] 139. [f = 6 & Cv = 3R & CP = 4R & r = ]
M 3
9 15
140. [(a) WAD = 88 J; (b) VC = 1.223 litre; (c) WCDA = –85 J] 141. [T1 = (207/16)T0 ;=
T2 T0 , − P0V0 ]
4 8
142. [(a) Treal 70°C; (b) 0.05 J; (c) 19999.95]

16
Kinetic Theory of Gases and Thermodynamics PW Air