DCS OVERVIEW

BY

Eng. AHMED SABRY

Dec 2003 Ahmed Sabry ١

 DCS BLOCK DIAGRAM

Field Field
Instruments Instruments DH
Solid Wires

RTU’s

Marshalling Controller
Files

I.S. Barriers PLC’s

Op. I/F

I/O Modules
ENGG.
Stations

Printers, Copiers, etc.

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 Application Processing SW Architecture

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PLC HW CONFIGURATION

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 DCS
ELECTRONIC
RACK

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 Cabinet Layout with
Redundant Controllers

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 I/O Slots

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 I / O Processor Functions

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 Input Multiplexer

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 PM Architecture

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 TDC-3000x Architecture

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 Honeywell TPS System with Application Processing Platform

PCN

TPN

Subsystem
I/O Link I/O Link

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 PM Point Types & Numbers

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 PM Data Points - 1/2

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 PM Regulatory Data Points - 2/2

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 PM Point Configurations

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 Typical Regulatory Control Loop

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 Typical Serial Interface

Serial Device I/F

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 PM Logic Points_1

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 PM Logic Points_2

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 PM Logic Points_3

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 DCS DISPLAYS

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 Modules Status LED’s

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 History Modules Status LED’s

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 OVERVIEW DISPLAY

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 GROUP DISPLAY : THE OPERATING LEVEL

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Video Screen Version Can Add Tuning Trend to
“Instrument” View

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 OVERVIEW

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 GROUP DISPLAY

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 HISTORICAL TRENDS

Charts and Clipboards to Video Trend

• Need more than immediate values
• Provides perspective of history
• Indicates future direction
• Allows operation repeatability
• Shows activities prior to upsets
• “Entry” to historical archival

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 HISTORICAL TRENDS

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 ALARM SUMMARY

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 GUS GROUP
DISPLAY

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Other Typical Screen Views

• Ability to use interactive and dynamic displays offers interesting

variations on the traditional:

– I/O connections on terminals show values, limits, alarms, signal

conditioning and linearizations
– Alarm list by various sortings, qualifiers, filters, etc.
– Diagnostic lists, also by various sortings
– Equipment “map” can also show locations of failures
– Historical data by various sortings, including RDBM
– List of alarmed points defeated by plant engineer during start-up
or plant repairs
– Statistical process control charts (XbarR, etc.)
– Just about any type of view desired

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Display Elements
Display elements consist of letters, numbers, shapes, etc.
It is important to consider the best communication
with the intended audience.
A number of display elements are described in
ISATR77.60.04-1996, which include the following:
• Numerical value
• Analog indicator (bar chart or meter)
• Discrete indicator
• Mimic (process or system graphic display)
• Plots or Graphs
• Trends
• Tables and lists
• Text

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 Display Elements

• Mimic (process or system graphic display) —A symbolic picture

reflecting the user model (archetype) of a process, including relationships
among variables. To avoid misrepresentation and any resulting confusion,
care must be taken to conform the mimic to that model.

• Plots or Graphs —Show a parameter-to-parameter plot and are useful

for process diagnostics, such as marking normal versus abnormal
operating regions.

• Trends — Show the history of one or more variables, including the rate
of change, the approach to limits, and a way of comparing current
activities with similar operations from the past.

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 Display Elements

• Tables and lists

- Used to show large amounts of information, so they must be well
organized and coded to reduce the time required to read or interpret
them. Guidelines for tables and lists include:
- Label rows on the left, columns on the top.
- Align lists of data vertically with labels on the left and the type fonts left
justified.
- The corresponding numerical data for these labels should be on the
right and right-justified and if a decimal is involved, right-justified to that
decimal (so the decimals align top to bottom)
- Separate rows of more than three to five items from each other with
spacing.

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 Display Elements

Text
• Is very flexible but is probably the least desirable display
item because it is slow to read and interpret. Text should be
limited to labels and brief messages such as operator
prompts and “help” messages. Color suggestions include the
following:

 Dark colored text (red, blue, black, etc.) should have a

light background.

 Light colored text (white, green, yellow, etc.) should have

a dark background.

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e
Display Elements
d Combining these elements into a standard library for the
s process or for plant wide use is highly recommended. Some
typical examples include the following:
a
 Control station, often called a faceplate, is a combination of
n
labels, bar graphs, meter pointers, numeric value fields,
d discrete status fields, and push-button hot spots (selection
p targets) arranged as a standard “instrument” symbol familiar
u to the user.
s
 Selection target is a combination of shapes and labels for
h
creating standard symbols used in display call-up selection,
control selection, sequential action list and so on.
b
u  Trend/Indicator window with standardized “chart recorder”
elements.

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n
Carefully consider role of
Graphic Monitor:
• Do all functions of traditional
panel
• Picture and animate process
• Show process variables
(analog and discrete)
• Signal alarms and upsets
• Show change in status and
conditions
• Provide instructions
• Present analysis for higher
order decisions

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 STREAM SUMMARY

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