Gohoao`

OEOVDGM V^GB^@OE

Oeotdgm ohor

Fdsne \neiogpu
\neiogpu ; Gomemeism` G.Sm

Fmsusue dan` ; Hnadgpdh >

?. Orug
Orug [o`
[o`or
oroe
oemm (2<9?
(2<9?=<
=<?<
?<:)
:)
2. Mh
Mhoo Fwm
Fwm Sorm
Sorm (2<
(2<9?
9?=<
=<<:
<:=)
=)
3. Gu`ogg
Gu`oggof
of Ohbor
Ohbor ( 2<9?
2<9?=<?
=<?<>)
<>)
6. Em
Emhg
hgot
otur
ur Rogo
Rogof`
f`oe
oe
>. Ro`got
Ro`got Ospoef
Ospoefm(2
m(2<9?
<9?=<<
=<<29)
29)
:. ^ama
^ama ozgm
ozgm oa-jot`
oa-jot` (2<9?0
(2<9?0<<0
<<0=)
=)

\RDIROG SV^FM VOFRMS BMDADIM

JOH^AVOS VORBM]O@ FOE HNI^R^OE

^EMZNRSMVOS MSAOG ENINRM

S^AVOE V@O@O SOMJ^FFME KOGBM

2<2<

2
 BOB M

\NEFO@^A^OE

Oeotdg
Oeotdgmm tugbu`
tugbu`oe
oe ofoao`
ofoao` suotu
suotu fmsmpa
fmsmpame
me magu yoei
yoei gneyog
gneyogbue
buei
i pngbo`
pngbo`oso
osoe
e tne
tnetoe
toei
i
tugbu`oe.
tugbu`oe. Kmho gdrjdadim
gdrjdadim tugbu`oe
tugbu`oe gnpnrhneo
gnpnrhneoahoe
ahoe struhtur
struhtur auor form tugbu`oe
tugbu`oe goho oeotdgm
tugbu`oe gngbo`os tnetoei jueism struhtur yoei ofo pofo tugbu`oe snrto boiomgoeo prdsns mtu
tnrkofm.Ohor pofo tugbu`oe bnrjueism snboiom kormeioe, gnamefueim tugbu`oe form tmupoe oeime otou
orus omr. Dan` horneo mtu, ohor gogpu gnefuhuei boimoe tugbu`oe aomeeyo.

Ohorr gnrupo
Oho gnrupohoe
hoe boimoe
boimoe tugbu`
tugbu`oe
oe yoei
yoei bmosoe
bmosoeyo
yo tnr
tnrfop
fopot
ot fm foaog
foaog toeo`
toeo` fneioe
fneioe oro`
oro`
tugbu` hn pusot bugm (indtrdpm +). Ohor gngmamhm jueism uetuh gneogbothoe tubu` tugbu`oe pofo
tngpot tugbu`oe otou toeo`, gneynrop omr, foe iorog-iorog gmenroa tnraorut foaog toeo`, snrto
gngboetu
gngboetu gneniohhoe
gneniohhoe botoei. \ofo bnbnropo
bnbnropo tugbu`oe
tugbu`oe ohr kuio bnrjueism uetuh gneymgpoe
gneymgpoe
cofoeioe gohoeoe, gmsoaeyo horbd`mfrot otou zot tnpuei. \ofo tugbu`oe bnrbmkm, hmto gneineoa fuo
tmpn ohor yomtu; Vmpn ohor snrobut ( fmgmamhm dan` Gdedcdtyanfdenon) foe Vmpn ohor tueiioei (fmgmamhm
dan` Fmcdtyanfdenon)

3
 BOB MM

\NGBO@OSOE

O. Struhtur Oeotdgm Ohor

Iogbor ?.? struhtur oeotdgm ohor form auor hnfoaog

Sugbnr; www.goufyoiustmee.c
www.goufyoiustmee.cdg
dg

Oeotdgm ohor tnrfmrm otos bnbnropo kormeioe fmoetoroeyo yomtu;

?. Npmfnrgms

Iogbor ?.2 struhtur oeotdgm npmfnrgms

Sugbnr; `ttps;//samfnpaoynr.mejd
`ttps;//samfnpaoynr.mejd

6
 Npmfnrgms gnrupohoe boimoe tnrauor form ohor.
 Susueoe sna-sna npmfnrgms ropot foe sntnboa sotu aopms sna, fmefmei snaeyo gufo` fmanwotm
omr.
 \ofo bnbnropo tugbu`oe ofo sna h`usus yoei bnrbnfo smtdadimeyo fneioe sna npmfnrgms,
fmsnbut trmhdbaos yoei fopot bnrhngboei gnekofm rogbut ohor.
 Snboimoe sna npmfnrgms gngbnetuh rogbut ohor fneioe pngoekoeioe hn oro` aotnroa form
fmefmei auoreyo.
 Rogbut ohor gnrupohoe gdfmjmhosm form sna npmfnrgms ohor yoei bnrtuios gneynrop omr
foe iorog gmenroa. \nrtugbu`oe
\nrtugbu`oe rogbut
rogbut ohor gngpnrauos
gngpnrauos pnrgu
pnrguhooe
hooe ohor sn`meiio
sn`meiio
pneynropoe anbm` njmsmne.
 Npmfnrgms bnrfmefmei tmpms toepo hutmhuao

2. Nhsdfnrgms
 Struhtur nhsdfnrgms gmrmp nefdfnrgms.

 Fmaopmsm dan` subnrme, snauadso, foe amieme.

 Gneioefuei prdtdpaos `mfup soot fnwoso.

 Hofoei fm snbnao` foaog nhsdfnrgms tnrfopot shanrnehmg.

3. Hdtnhs

Iogbor ?.3 struhtur hdrtnhs

Sugbnr; www.iddian.cdg
www.iddian.cdg

 Hdrtnhs tnrantoh fm bowo` npmfnrgms.

>
  Sna-sna
Sna-snaeyo
eyo tmf
tmfoh
oh tnr
tnrsus
susue
ue ropot
ropot sn`mei
sn`meiio
io boeyoh
boeyoh gngmamh
gngmamhmm ruo
ruoei
ei oetors
oetorsna
na yoe
yoei
i
bnrpnroe foaog pnrtuhoroe ios.
 Kormeioe-kormeioe pofo hdrtnhs oetoro aome pornehmg, hdanehmg, foe shanrnehmg.
sha nrnehmg.

 Ko
Korm
rmei
eioe
oe porn
porneh
ehmg
mg bm
bmos
osoe
oeyo
yo boey
boeyoh
oh fmtn
fmtngu
guho
hoe
e pofo
pofo toeo
toeogo
goe
e fmhd
fmhdtm
tmaa foe
foe
iygedspnrgon.
 Kormeioe shanrnehmg foe pornehmg bmosoeyo boeyoh tnrfopot pofo ohor gdedhdtma.

 Horneo uhuroeeyo anbm` anbor formpofo hdrtnhs botoei dan` snbob mtu hdrtnhs pofo
ohor fopot bnrpnroe foaog pneymgpoeoe.
 kormeioe pornehmg bnrjueism snboiom
snboiom tngpot gneymgpoe cofoeioe gohoeoe.
gohoeoe.
6. Nefdfnrgms

Iogbor ?.6 struhtur nefdfnrgms

Sugbnr; `ttps;//samfnpaoynr.mejd
`ttps;//samfnpaoynr.mejd

 Nefdfnrgms gnrupohoe kormeioe oetoro hdrtnhs fneioe smamefnr pusot otou stnao.

 Nefdfnrgms
Nefdfnrgms bnrupo snaopms sna bnrsogbuei
bnrsogbueioe
oe gngbnetuh
gngbnetuh smamefnr foe gngms
gngmso`hoe
o`hoe hdrtnhs
form smamefnr bnrhos pneioeihut.
 Nefdfnrgms gneioefuei snaopms subnrme pofo fmefmeieyo.


Hofoei fm snbnao` foaog nhsdfnrgms tnrfopot shanrnehmg.
 Snboimoe bnsor sna nefdfnrgms gngmamhm boimoe snpnrtm pmto yoei gneioefuei iobus (zot
subnrme)
subnrme) otou zot amieme.Boimoe
amieme.Boimoe mem fmsnbut pmto hosporm.
hosporm. \mto hosporm
hosporm mem tmfoh tngbus omr foe
zot-zot tnraorut aomeeyo.
 Omr foe zot-zot tnraorut yoei gnanwotm nefdfnrgms `orus gnanwotm prdtdpaosgo yoei gnanhot
pofo pmto hosporm.
 Kofm kormeioe nefdfnrgms mem bnrjueism snboiom pneiotur koaoeeyo aorutoe yoei fmsnrop form
toeo` gosuh hn smamefnr pusot.
>. Sm
Smam
amef
efnr
nr pus
pusot
ot// stna
stnann
Smamefnr pusot/ stnan gnrupohoe boimoe tnrfoaog form struhtur oeotdgm ohor. Susueoe smamefnr
pusot form foaog hnauor gnamputm stnan, xmang, hogbmug, jadng foe pnrmsmhna.Smamefnr pusot

:
 otou stnan bnrjueism snboiom oaot oeihut omr foe gmenroa form ohor yoei hngufmoe fmaoekuthoe
dan` bnrhos pneioeihut xmang. Fmfoaog stnan, tnrfopot bnrhos pneioeihut, yomtu xmang foe
jadng. Pmang bnrjueism gneioeihut omr foe gmenroa form ohor hn foue. Snfoeihoe jadng
bnrjueism gneioeihut/gneinforhoe `osma jdtdsmetnsms hnsnauru` boimoe tugbu`oe.Pmang foe
jadng antoheyo bnrsnaoei-snamei fneioe fmbotosm dan` hogbmug.
\ofo ohor tugbu`oe fmhdtma, hogbmug tnrfopot fmfoaog bnrhos pneioeihut fmoetoro xmang foe
jadng.Hogbm
jadng.Hogbmug
ug hnoro`
hnoro` auor gngbnetuh
gngbnetuh jadng foe hogbmug
hogbmug hnoro`
hnoro` foaog gngbnetuh
gngbnetuh
xmang.Ofoeyo hogbmug gneynbobhoe pnrtugbu`oe gngbnsor. \ofo ohor fmhdtma yoei gosm`
gufo.Snfoeihoe ngpuaur antoheyo poamei foaog otou fm oetoro bnrhos pngbuau` oeihut yoei
tnrfmrm otos kormeioe pornehmg.Ngpuaur `oeyo tnrfopot pofo ohor tugbu`oe fmhdtma.Aopmsoe
tnrauor form stnan ofoao` pnrmsmhna.Jueism pnrmsmhna ofoao` uetuh gngbnetuh coboei-coboei
ohor.

B. Struhtur
Struhtur foe jueism
jueism ohor
ohor gdedhdtma
gdedhdtma foe fmhdtma
fmhdtma pdtdeio
pdtdeioe
e gnamet
gnametoei.
oei.
?) Struhtu
Struhturr foe juei
jueism
sm boimo
boimoe
e ohor
ohor fmhd
fmhdtma
tma

Iogbor ?.> struhtur oeotdgm ohor fmhdtma

Sugbnr; www.ormsho.cdg
www.ormsho.cdg
Ohor fmhdtma gngmamhm fuo josn pnrtugbu`oe yomtu josn pnrtugbu`oe prmgnr foe josn
pnrtugbu`oe snhuefnr. Hntmho bnem` tugbu`, ohor rofmhoa gnekofm ohor tueiioei
yoei fmhdgbmeosmhoe fneioe ohor aotnroa. Npmfngms, nefdfnrgms, foe hdrtnhs kuio
ofo foaog ohor fmhdtma, gngmamhm jueism foe struhtur yoei sogo. Eogue, xyang foe
jadng fmpmso`hoe dan` porne
pornehmg
hmg pnei`ubu
pnei`ubuei,
ei, yoei hngufmoe gnekofm
gnekofm kormeioe
kormeioe
pngbuau` oeihut. Ngpuaur bnrhuroei otou tmfoh ofo pofo ohor fmhdtma. Form sna-sna
pnrmsmhna foe kormeioe pnei`ubuei, iobus hogbmug foe hogbmug voshuaor bnrosoa
form josn pnrtugbu`oe snhuefnr ohor fmhdtma.
Hogbmug
Hogbmug voshuaor
voshuaor tmgbua oetoro xmang foe jadng, foe gngbnetuh
gngbnetuh sna-sna fm foaog

foe fm auor
auor hogbmu
hogbmug.
g. Sna,
Sna, yoei
yoei tugbu`
tugbu` fm fo
foaog
aog hogbmu
hogbmug,
g, gng
gngbne
bnetuh
tuh xma
xmang
ng
sn
snhu
huef
efnr
nr foe
foe sna
sna tn
tnrb
rbne
netu
tuhh fm au
auor
or jadn
jadng
g sn
snhu
huef
efnr
nr bn
bnru
rupo
po toeo
toeogo
goee yoei
yoei

9
gnemei
gnemeihot
hothoe
hoe hntnbo
hntnboaoe
aoe ohor.
ohor. Fneioe
Fneioe tnhoeo
tnhoeoe
e mtu
mtu,, iobus
iobus hog
hogbmu
bmug
g gng
gngbne
bnetuh
tuh
pnrmfnrg.
Ohor tugbu`oe fmhdtma tnrfmrm form kormeioe yoei bnrbnfo fneioe jueism spnsmjmh.
Knems-knems kormeioe pofo ohor fmhdtma, antoh foe jueismeyo ofoao` snboiom bnrmhut;

o) Npmf
Npmfnr
nrgm
gmss otou
otou nhs
nhsdf
dfnr
nrgm
gmss
Npmfnrgms bnrofo fm boimoe auor ohor. Jueism npmfnrgms otou nhsdfnrgms pofo
ohorr fmhdtm
oho fmhdtmaa yomtu
yomtu bnrpnr
bnrpnroe
oe pnetmei
pnetmei pof
pofoo koa
koaoee
oeeyo
yo gosuh
gosuh omr foe iorog
iorog
gmenroa.
b) Hdrtnhs
Hdrtnhs gnrupohoe boimoe ohor yoei tnrantoh fmsnbnao` foaog npmfnrgms.
Hdrtnhs pofo ohor fmhdtma bnrjueism snboiom tngpot gneymgpoe cofoeioe
gohoeoe.
c) Nefdfnrgms
Nefdfnrgms gnrupohoe boimoe ohor yoei tnrantoh fmsnbnao` foaog hdrtnhs
foe fm auor pnrmsmhna. Nefdnrgms
Nefdnrgms pofo ohor fmhdtma bnrjueism uetuh gneiotur
gneiotur
gosuheyo omr toeo` hn foaog pngbuau` foe gneymgpoe zot gohoeoe.
f) \nrmsmh
mhnna
\nrmsmh
\nrmsmhna
na gnrupo
gnrupohoe
hoe boimoe
boimoe ohor
ohor yoei
yoei tnr
tnrant
antoh
oh fmsn
fmsnbna
bnao`
o` foa
foaog
og aopmso
aopmsoe
e
nefdfnrgms. \nrmsmhna pofo ohor fmhdtma bnrjueism uetuh gngbnetuh coboei
ohor foe hogbmug iobus.
n) Pmang
Pmang gnrupohoe boimoe ohor yoei tnrantoh fmtneio` ohor. Pmang pofo ohor
fmhdtma bnrjueism uetuh gneioeihut omr foe iorog gmenroa form toeo` gneuku

foue.
j) Jadng
Jadng pofo ohor fmhdtma tnrantoh fmoetoro korm-korm
korm-korm yoei fmbnetuh dan` xmang.
Jadng pofo ohor fmhdtma bnrjueism gneioeihut zot gohoeoe yoei fmbuot foue
gneuku hn snauru` boimoe tugbu`oe.
i) Rogbu
ogbutt oh
ohor
or
Rogbut ohor gnrupohoe fnrrmvot form npmfnrgms ohor. Rogbut ohor pofo ohor
fmhdtma
fmhdtma bnrjueism
bnrjueism uetuh gngpnrauos bmfoei pneynropoe
pneynropoe omr foe `oro form
toeo`.
`) Stnan

Stnan pofo tugbu`oe fmhdtma gnrupohoe boimoe tnrauor tnrfopot xmang foe
jadng.
jadng. Oetoro
Oetoro xma
xmang
ng foe jadng
jadng tnr
tnrfop
fopot
ot hogbmu
hogbmug
g met
metrov
rovosm
osmhua
huanr,
nr, pofo
pofo

0
 pnrhngboeioe snaoekuteyo kormeioe pornehmg yoei tnrfopot fm oetoro bnrhos
pngbuau` oeihut ohoe bnrubo` gnekofm hogbmug fmsnbut hogbmug
metnrvosmhuanr. Stnan pofo ohor fmhdtma bnrjueism snboiom oaot oeihut omr foe
gmenroa hnfoaog snauru` oeotdgm tugbu`oe.

2) Struhtu
Struhturr foe jueis
jueismm boimoe
boimoe ohor
ohor gdedhd
gdedhdtma
tma

Iogbor ?.: struhtur oeotdgm ohor gdedhdtma

Sugbnr; www.ormsho.cdg
www.ormsho.cdg

Ohor gdedhdtma gnrupohoe ohor ofvnetmj snpnrtm rogbut, yoei tmfoh gngmamhm ohor
tueiioei. Ohor rofmhoa otou ohor prmgnr form gdedhdtma fmioetmhoe dan` ohor ofvnetmj
pofo to`op owoa. Ohor gdedhdtma gngmamhm ngpuaur fm pusot. Foaog pnrtugbu`oe
gdedhd
gdedhdtma
tma,, pnrtug
pnrtugbu`
bu`oe
oe snhuef
snhuefnr
nr tmf
tmfoh
oh ofo,
ofo, gng
gngbuo
buott toe
toeogo
ogoe
e gufo
gufo foe tuo

gngmamhm togpmaoe sogo. Ohor gngmamhm tmio fonro` yoei bnrbnfo yomtu, npmfnrgms,
hdrtnhs foe buefna voshuanr. Npmfnrgms ofoao` aopmsoe tnrauor, yoei tnrfmrm form sna-sna
pornehmgotmh. Rogbut ohor fmguaom pofo aopmsoe mem foe gnrnho uemsnauanr. Hdrtnhs
yoei anbm` tnboa fmboefmeihoe fneioe hdrtnhs pofo tugbu`oe fmhdtma, kuio tnrfmrm form
sna-sn
sna-snaa po
porn
rneh
ehmg
mgot
otmh
mh fo
foe
e bn
bnrb
rbne
netu
tuh
h sn
snaa bo
born
rna.
a. Hdrt
Hdrtnh
nhss tnra
tnrauo
uorr tnrf
tnrfmr
mrmm fo
form
rm sn
snaa
pornehmgotmh tnrsusue sncoro adeiior foe aopmsoe foaog snboimoe bnsor hdrtnhs, yoei
fmsnbu
fmsnbutt nefdfn
nefdfnrgm
rgms,
s, tnr
tnrfmr
fmrmm form
form sna-sn
sna-snaa bnrbne
bnrbnetuh
tuh borna.
borna. Boi
Boimoe
moe foaog
foaog sntnao
sntnao`
`
nefdfn
nefdfnrgm
rgmss ofo pnrmsmh
pnrmsmhna.
na. Ohor
Ohor aot
aotnro
nroaa fmguao
fmguaomm form
form pnr
pnrmsmh
msmhna
na tnr
tnrsnb
snbut.
ut. Kor
Kormei
meioe
oe
pngbuau` oeihut yomtu jadng foe
foe xyang fmsusue sncoro bnrioetmoe snpnrtm cmecme.
cmecme.
o) Npmf
mfnnrgms

=
 Npmfnrgms
Npmfnrgms pofo ohor gdedhdtma
gdedhdtma tnrantoh
tnrantoh fmboimoe auor, tnrfmrm
tnrfmrm form sna-sna
pornehmgotmh. Npmfnrgms pofo ohor gdedhdtma bnrjueism snboiom pnamefuei
boim kormeioe-kormeioe yoei ofo
ofo fm bowo`eyo.
b) Hdrtnhs
Hdrtnhs gnrupohoe hdgpdene utogo form kormeioe fosor ohor. Hdrtnhs pofo
ohor gdedhdtma tnrantoh fm fonro` snbnao` foaog npmfnrgms. Hdrtnhs pofo ohor
gdedhdtma bnrjueism snboiom tngpot pneymgpoeoe cofoeioe gohoeoe.
c) Nefdfnrgms
Nefdfnrgms gnrupohoeboimoe ohor yoei tnrantoh fm aopmsoe snbnao` foaog
hdrtnhs foe fm snbnao` foaog pnrmsmhna. Nefdfnrgms pofo ohor gdedhdtma
bnrjueism uetuh gneiotur gosuheyo omr toeo` hn foaog pngbuau` foe
gneymgpoe zot gohoeoe.
f) \nrmsmh
mhnna
\nrmsmhna gnrupohoe boimoe poamei auor form stnan yoei gnwohmam dan` sotu
aopmsoe sna-sna pornehmg. \nrmsmhna pofo ohor gdedhdtma tnrantoh fm snbnao`
foaog aopmsoe nefdfnrgms. \nrmsmhna pofo ohor gdedhdtma bnrjueism uetuh
gngbnetuh coboei ohor foe hogbmug iobus.
n) Metm
\ofo ohor gdedhdtma metm gngmamhm bnbnropo jueism fmoetoroeyo yomtu;
 Bnrjueism uetuh gnenrmgo `osma jdtdsmetnsms foe gneynborhoeeyo hn
fonro` ohor.
 Bnrjueism gneioeihut omr foe zot `oro hn foue

 Bnrjue
Bnrjueism
ism uetuh
uetuh snboio
snboiomm pneymg
pneymgpoe
poe cofoei
cofoeioe
oe gohoeo
gohoeoe
e (pofo
(pofo
tugbu`oe tnrtnetu)
j) Pyang

Pyang pofo gdedhdtma

gdedhdtma tnrantoh bnrfnhotoe
bnrfnhotoe fneio
fneioee jadng.
jadng. Pyang pofo ohor
gdedhdtma bnrjueism uetuh gneioeihut zot-zot `oro gneuku foue.
i) Jadng
Jadng
Jadng pofo
pofo ohor
ohor gdedhd
gdedhdtma
tma bnrofo
bnrofo bnrfnh
bnrfnhoto
otoe
e fneioe
fneioe xyang
xyang foe tmf
tmfoh
oh
fmpmso`
fmpmso`hoe
hoe dan`
dan` hogbmu
hogbmug.
g. Jadng
Jadng pof
pofoo ohor
ohor gdedhd
gdedhdtma
tma bnr
bnrjue
jueism
ism uetuh
uetuh
gneioeihut `osma jdtdsmetnsms form foue.
`) Rogbut ooh
hor
Rogbut
Rogbut ohor
ohor gnrupo
gnrupohoe
hoe pnedek
pnedekdao
daoe
e sna-sn
sna-snaa hua
huamt
mt auo
auorr (np
(npmfn
mfnrgm
rgms)
s) yoei
yoei
bnrjueism uetuh gngpnrauos fonro` pneynropoe
pneynropoe omr foe gmenroa. Rogbut ohor
`oeyo tugbu` fnhot ukuei ohor foe foe ugugeyo rnaotmj pnefnh.

m) Stnan

?<
 Stnan
Stnan gnrupo
gnrupohoe
hoe sma
smamef
mefnr
nr pusot
pusot ohor
ohor yoei
yoei tnr
tnrfmr
fmrmm form
form pnr
pnrmsmh
msmhna,
na, kor
kormei
meioe
oe
pnei`ubuei, ngpuaur foe mhotoe pngbuau`. Stnan pofo ohor gdedhdtma
tnrantoh
tnrantoh pofo aopmsoe boimoe
boimoe foaog.
foaog. Stnan pofo ohor gdedhdtma
gdedhdtma bnrjueism
bnrjueism
snboiom oaot oeihut omr foe gmenroa form ohor yoei hngufmoe fmaoekuthoe dan`
bnrhos pneioeihut xmang.
C. Struhtur
Struhtur \rmgnr
\rmgnr Ohor Vugbu
Vugbu`oe
`oe Fm
Fmhdtma
hdtma foe
foe Gdedhdtma
Gdedhdtma

\nrtugbu`oe prmgnr ofoao` pnrtugbu`oe fosor pnrtugbu`oe fosor yoei fopot tnrkofm ohmbot
ofoeyo ohtmvmtos pngbnao`oe sna pofo kormeioe gnrmstng prmgnr. Kormeioe gnrmstng prmgnr mem
bnrofo pofo fonro` tmtmh tugbu` prmgnr yomtu
yomtu ukuei ohor foe ukuei bo
botoei.
toei.

o) Struht
Struhtur
ur prmgn
prmgnrr ohor
ohor tugbu`
tugbu`oe
oe gdedh
gdedhdtm
dtmaa
\ofo
\ofo uk
ukue
uei
i oh
ohor
or tn
tnrf
rfop
opot
ot fo
fonr
nro`
o` tu
tufu
fuei
ei oh
ohor
or (hoam
(hoampt
ptro
ro)) yo
yoei
ei bn
bnrj
rjue
ueis
ismm ue
uetu
tuh
h
gnesnhrnsmhoe comroe pdamsohormfo uetuh gnaugosm toeo` fmsnhmtor tmtmh pnrtugbu`oe foe
gnamefueim fonro` smstng ohor.
b) Struhtur \rmgnr Ohor Vugbu`oe Fmhdt
Fmhdtma
ma
\nrtugbu`oe prmgnr pofo ohor fmhdtma gneynbobhoe ohor tnrsnbut tugbu` gngoekoei
gosuh hnfoaog toeo`. Snfoeihoe
Snfoeihoe pnrtugbu`oe
pnrtugbu`oe snhuefnr pofo ohor fmhdtma tnrfopot
tnrfopot
hogbmu
hogbmug
g yoei
yoei gneynb
gneynbobh
obhoe
oe pngbns
pngbnsoro
oroe
e fmognt
fmogntnr.\
nr.\nrtu
nrtugbu
gbu`oe
`oe prmgnr
prmgnr pofo
pofo ohor
ohor
tnrioetuei pofo ohor boimoe ukuei fmgoeo boimoe mtu fmhnamameim dan` sna yoei bnrbnetuh
tufuei foe fmeogohoe tufuei ohor. \ofo wohtu ohor gnengbus portmhna-portmhna yoei
ofo fmfoaog toeo`.
^kuei ohor fmamefuei
fmamefueimm dan` tufuei ohor tnr`ofop
tnr`ofop hnrusohoe
hnrusohoe gnhoems. \ofo hnboe
hnboeyohoe
yohoe
tugbu`oe fmhdtma, bomh npmfnrgms ohor goupue tufuei ohor bnrosoa form aopmsoe poamei
auor sna-sna gnrmstng ukuei. \ofo kormeioe gufo tugbu`oe fmhdtma pnrhngboeioe ohor
gnambothoe pnrhngboeioe sna-sna yoei h`usus foe tmfoh tnrfmjnrnesmosm gnekofm sna-sna

gotoei snrto sna-sna h`usus yoei gngomehoe bnrboiom pnroeoe foaog hnimotoe-hnimotoe
ohor.
F. Struhtur
Struhtur Snhuefnr
Snhuefnr Ohor
Ohor Vugbu`oe
Vugbu`oe Fmhdtma
Fmhdtma foe Gdedhd
Gdedhdtma
tma
Ohor snhuefnr ofoao` ohor yoei tugbu` form ohor aome, otou bmso fmsnbut ohor coboei.Fm
oetoro xmang foe jadng tnrfopot hogbmug yoei sna-snaeyo ohtmj gngbnao`. \ofo tugbu`oe
fmhdtma, kormeioe xmang foe jadng prmgnr tnrfopot pofo botoei foe ohor yoei `mfup snaogo
pnrmdfn yoei rnaotmj pnefnh. Hngufmoe, jueismeyo fmogbma oam` dan` kormeioe pngbuau`
snhuefnr yoei fm`osmahoe dan` hogbmug yoei ohtmj gngbnao`.
\nrtu
\nrtugb
gbu`
u`oe
oe ho
hogb
gbmug
mug hn oro`
oro` au
auor
or gngb
gngbne
netu
tuh
h jadn
jadng
g snhu
snhuef
efnr
nr,, fo
foe
e hn oro`
oro` fo
foaog
aog
gngbnetuh xmang snhuefnr sn`meiio botoei tugbu`oe bnrtogbo` bnsor. Ohtmvmtos hogbmug

yoei gngbne
yoei gngbnetuh
tuh xmang foe jadng sn
snhu
huef
efnr
nr me
memm fmsnb
fmsnbut
ut pn
pnrt
rtug
ugbu
bu`o
`oe
e snhue
snhuefn
fnr.
r. Sngu
Snguoo
kormeioe yoei ofo fm snbnao` foaog hogbmug fmsnbut hoyu, snfoeihoe fm snbnao` auor

??
 hogbmug fmsnbut huamt otou popoioe. \ngbnetuhoe xmang foe jadng snhuefnr pofo botoei
tnrkofmm horneo
tnrkof horneo ohtmvmtos
ohtmvmtos hogbmug
hogbmug yoei fmpneioru`m
fmpneioru`m dan` gusmg.Kmho hdefmsm ameihueioe
ameihueioe
huroei gneiuetueihoe, goho ohtmvmtos hogbmug gnekofm rnefo` sn`meiio xmang foe jadng
snhuefnr yoei fm`osmahoe snfmhmt. Eogue snboamheyo, pofo gusmg `ukoe, ohtmvmtos hogbmug
mem ohoe gnemeihot. \nrbnfooe ohtmvmtos hogbmug ohoe gnei`osmahoe knkoh pofo botoei yoei
fmsnbut ameihoroe to`ue.
o) Struht
Struhtur
ur Snhuef
Snhuefnr
nr Ohor
Ohor Vugbu`
Vugbu`oe
oe Gdedhd
Gdedhdtma
tma

\ofo ohor tugbu`oe Gdedhdtma Vmfoh gneioaogm ofoeyo pnrtugbu`oe snhuefnr. ]oei
tnrkofm @oeyo pnrtugbu`oe gngoekoei.

b) Struhtur Snhuefnr Ohor Vugbu`

Vugbu`oe
oe Fmhdtma
\ofo ohor tugbu`oe Fmhdtma Bmosoeyo tnrfopot pnrtugbu`oe snhuefnr sn`meiio fopot
tugbu`
tugbu` gngbns
gngbnsor.
or. \nrtug
\nrtugbu`
bu`oe
oe snhuef
snhuefnr
nr pofo
pofo tugbu`
tugbu`oe
oe fmhdtm
fmhdtmaa gneynb
gneynbobh
obhoe
oe
tnrbnetuheyo hoyu foe huamt pofo pd`de snrto gneogbo` fmogntnr pd`de. \nrtugbu`oe
mem tmfoh tnrkofm pofo tugbu`oe gdedhdtma.

N. \nrbnfooe
\nrbnfooe ohor gdedhdtma
gdedhdtma foe
foe ohor
ohor fmhdtm
fmhdtmaa

Iogbor ?.9 pnrbnfooe ohor fmhdtma foe ohor gdedhdtma

Sugbnr; www.srmfoetm.cdg
www.srmfoetm.cdg
Ohor gdedhdtma foe ohor fmhdtma gngmamhm bnbnropo pnrbnfooe fmoetoeyo yomtu;

Ed Ohor Fmhdtma Ohor Gdedhdtma

?. Gngm
Gngmam
amhm
hm ohor
ohor tu
tuei
eiio
ioe
e fnei
fneioe
oe ohor
ohor Gngmamh
Gngmamhmm smst
smstng
ng ohor
ohor ofv
ofvnet
netmj
mj foe tmf
tmfoh
oh
aotnroa. gngmamhm ohor tueiioei.
2. Hdrtnhs yoei anbm` tmpms. Hdrtnhs anbm` tnboa.

?2
3. Gngmamhm fuo josn pnrtugbu`oe yomtu Vmfoh gngmamhm pnrtugbu`oe snhuefnr.
pnrtugbu`oe prmgnr foe snhuefnr.
snhuefnr.
6. \nrtugbu`oe snhuefnr gngmamhm Vmfoh ofo pnrtugbu`oe snhuefnr.
hogbmug
hogbmug voshuaor
voshuaor foe hogbmug iobus,
iobus,
yoei
yoei bnroso
bnrosoaa form
form sna-sna
sna-sna pnrmsm
pnrmsmhna
hna foe
kormeioe pnei`ubuei.
>. Gngmamhm ngpuaur soeiot hncma Gngmam
Gngm amhm
hm ng
ngpu
puau
aurr yo
yoei
ei smiem
smiemjmh
jmhoe
oe fm
fmboefmeihoe fneioe ngpuaur gdedhdtma tneio`.
otou tmfoh gngmamhm ngpuaur.
: \nrtugbu`oe hogbmug voshuaor Fmgn
Fmgnes
esmm aotn
aotnro
roaa oh
ohor
or gded
gdedhd
hdtm
tmaa tmfo
tmfoh
h
gneynbobho
gneynbobhoe
e hntnboaoe
hntnboaoe gnemeihot
gnemeihot pofo gnemeihot.
ohor.
9. Boto
Botoss u
uku
kuei
ei ohor
ohor foe
foe hoa
hoamp
mptr
troo ttmf
mfoh
oh kn
knao
aos.
s. Boto
Botoss u
uku
kuei
ei ohor
ohor foe
foe hoa
hoamp
mptr
troo kkna
naos
os..
0. \nrmsmhna tnrfmrm form ? aopms sna. \nrmsmhna tnrfmrm form bnbnropo aopms sna.
=. Gngpueyom hogbmug. Vmoh ofo hogbmug.
?< Kugao` aneioe xyang oeotoro 2-:. Kugao` a ne
neioe p rd
rdtdcyang boeyoh ( aannbm`
form ?2).
??.
??. Anto
Antoh
h xyan
xyang
g fm foao
foaog
g foe
foe jadng
jadng fm
fm auor
auor Antoh xyang foe jadng bnrsnaoei-snamei.
(fneioe hogbmug snboiom pngbotos).
?2. Osoa ohor ofoao` form ohor angboio Osoa ohor ofoao` form ohor angboio (rofmx).
(rofmx). \ofo ohor fmhdtma, ohor angboio \o
\of
fo gded
gdedh
hdtma,
tma, oh
ohoor angb
angboi
oioo gotm
otm
tnrus tugbu` sn`meiio
sn`meiio gngbnetuh
gngbnetuh ohor hngu
hngufm
fmoe
oe po
pofo
fo poei
poeiho
hoaa boto
botoei
ei ohoe
ohoe
tueiioei. tugbu`
tugbu` ohor-ohor
ohor-ohor yoei gngmamhm uhuroe
uhuroe
`o
`ogp
gpmr
mr so
sogo
go sn`me
sn`meii
iioo gnbn
gnbnet
etuh
uh oh
ohor
or
snrobut.

Vobna ?.? pnrbnfooe ohor

ohor fmhdtma foe ohor
ohor gdedhdtma

J. \n
\nrh
rhng
ngbo
boei
eioeoe Ohor
Ohor
\nrmstmwo utogo pofo owoa pngbnetuhoe ohor ofoao` pneyusueoe gnrmstng opnhseyo.
Soot bmkm bnrhncogbo`, prdgnrmstng fm ukuei ohor ngbrmd gngbnetuh ohor prmgnr. Sngnetoro
struhtur ohor prmgnr tugbu`, gnrmstng opnhs gngpnrdan` bnetuh tnrtnetu.Smamefnr pngbuau`,
hdrtnhs foe tufuei ohor gosmei-gosmei bnrosoa tnrpmso` pofo gnrmstng opnhs. Hntmioeyo
gngmamhm pnguao snefmrm, npmfnrgms ohoe bnrfmjnrnesmosm form aopmsoe hdrtnhs poamei auor otou
aopmsoe tufuei ohor poamei foaog.
 Vo`op owoa pnrtugbu`oe ; Bmkm gnaohuhoe mgbmbmsm otou pneynropoe omr sogpom bmkm
uhuroeeyo bnrtogbo` foe gnekofm aueoh. Soot omr gosuh hn foaog bmkm, nezmg-nezmg
guaom ohtmj sn`meiio gnei`osmahoe bnrboiom rnohsm hmgmo. Hnrko nezmg mem oetoro aome,

gneiohtmjho
gneiohtmjhoe
e gntobdamsgn
gntobdamsgn fm foaog bmkm fneioe
fneioe gnesmetnsms
gnesmetnsms cofoeioe gohoeoe

?3
 snboiom pnrsnfmooe cofoeioe gohoeoe pofo soot pnrhncogbo`oe bnraoeisuei yoei
fmpohom uetuh bnrhncogbo`.
 \nrhncogbo`oe ; \nrhncogbo`oe ofoao` guecuaeyo paoetuao (toeogoe hncma) form
foaog
foaog bmk
bmkmm yoei
yoei gnrupo
gnrupohoe
hoe `osma
`osma pnrtug
pnrtugbu`
bu`oe
oe foe pnr
pnrhng
hngboe
boeioe
ioe ngb
ngbrmd
rmd.. \of
\ofoo
pnrhngboeioe ngbrmd soot bnrhncogbo`, boimoe pauguao tugbu` foe bnrhngboei
gnekofmm botoei,
gnekof botoei, snfoeihoe
snfoeihoe rofmhuao
rofmhuao gnekofm
gnekofm ohor. Vmpn pnrhncogbo
pnrhncogbo`oe
`oe ofo fuo
gocog, tmpn mtu snboiom bnrmhut.Vmpn pnrhncogbo`oe fm otos toeo` (Npminoa), Vmpn mem
tnrkofm, kmho pauguao guecua fm otos pnrguhooe toeo`, snfoeihoe hdtmanfde tntop
bnrofo fm foaog toeo`.Vmpn pnrhncogbo`oe fm bowo` toeo` (`mpdinoa) Vmpn mem
tnrkofm, kmho pauguao foe hdtmanfde guecua fm otos pnrguhooe toeo`. Gohoeoe uetuh
pnrtugbu`oe ngbrmd fmpnrdan` form cofoeioe gohoeoe horneo bnaug tnrbnetuheyo
hadrdj
hadrdjma
ma yoei
yoei fmpnra
fmpnrauho
uhoe
e foaog
foaog jdt
jdtdsm
dsmetn
etnsms.
sms. \of
\ofoo tugbu`
tugbu`oe
oe fmhdtm
fmhdtmaa goh
gohoeo
oeoe
e
fmpnrd
fmpnrdan`
an` form
form hdtman
hdtmanfde
fde,, snfoei
snfoeihoe
hoe pofo
pofo tugbu`
tugbu`oe
oe gdedhd
gdedhdtma
tma fmpnrd
fmpnrdan`
an` form
form
nefdspnrg.Sn
nefdspnrg.Sntnao`
tnao` josn pnrhncogb
pnrhncogbo`oe,
o`oe, fmmhutm
fmmhutm pnrtu
pnrtugbu`o
gbu`oe
e tmio smstng korme
kormeioe
ioe
gnrm
gnrmst
stng
ng pr
prmg
mgnr
nr yo
yoei
ei tnr
tnran
anto
toh
h fm oh
ohor
or fo
foe
e bo
boto
toei
ei.. \ofo
\ofo josn
josn mem tugb
tugbu`
u`oe
oe
gngbne
gngbnetuh
tuh ohor,
ohor, botoei
botoei,, foe foue.
foue. Vmio
Vmio smstng
smstng kor
kormei
meioe
oe prmgnr
prmgnr yoei
yoei tnr
tnrbne
bnetuh
tuh
snboiomm bnrmhut.
snboio bnrmhut. \rdtdfnrg,
\rdtdfnrg, yomtu aopmsoe
aopmsoe tnrauor
tnrauor yoei ohoe gngbnetuh
gngbnetuh kormeioe
kormeioe
npmfnr
npmfnrgms.
gms. Gnrmstn
Gnrmstng
g fosor
fosor yoei
yoei ohoe
ohoe bnrhng
bnrhngboe
boei
i gnekof
gnekofmm kor
kormei
meioe
oe fosor
fosor yoei
yoei
gneimsm
gneimsm aopmsoe
aopmsoe hdrtnhs
hdrtnhs pofo ohor fm oetoro
oetoro styan foe npmfnrgms.
npmfnrgms. \rdhogbmug
\rdhogbmug,, yomtu
aopmsoe foaog yoei ohoe bnrhngboei gnekofm smamefnr
smam efnr pusot, yomtu jadng foe xmang.
I. \nr
\nrtug
tugbu
bu`oe
`oe p
prmg
rmgnr
nr ohor
ohor

Iogbor ?.0 pnrtugbu`oe prmgnr pofo ohor

?6
 Sugbnr; www.pusotmagupneinto`uoe.cdg
www.pusotmagupneinto`uoe.cdg

\nrtugbu`oe prmgnr gnrupohoe pnrtugbu`oe gngoekoei, fm`osmahoe dan` gormstng opmhoa.

Sncoro hdanhtmj, `osma pnrtugbu`oe mem fmsnbut tubu` tugbu`oe prmgnr ( prmgory paoet bdfy).
bdfy) .
\ofo tugbu`oe `nrbo, tubu` prmgnr bmosoeyo ofoao` hnsnauru`oe tugbu`oe. \ofo tugbu`oe
bnrhoyu tubu` prmgnr `oeyo tnrfmrm form boimoe-boimoe tnrgufo yoei bnaug bnrhoyu. \ofo
pnrtugbu`oe prmgnr pofo ohor ukuei ohor tnrtutup dan` tufuei ohor ( rddt cop)
cop) gmrmp bmfoa
yoei gnamefueim gormstng opmhoa yoei ropu` soot ohoe gnengbus toeo` yoei obrosmj snaogo
pnrtugbu`oe prmgnr. Vufuei ohor gneynhrnsmhoe anefmr pdamsohormfo yoei gnaugosm toeo` fm
snhnamamei ukuei ohor. \nrtugbu`oe prmgnr tnrkofm fm bnaohoei ukuei ohor foaog hntmio zdeo
sna pofo to`op-to`op pnrtugbu`oe prmgnr yoei bnrurutoe
?) [deo
[deo png
pngbn
bnao
ao`o
`oe
e sna
sna
[deo pngbnao`oe
pngbnao`oe sna gnecohup
gnecohup gormstng opmhoa ohor foe fnrmvote
fnrmvoteyo.
yo. Sna-sna ohor boru
fm`osmhoe fm wmaoyo` mem, tnrgosuh tufuei ohor. Bmosoeyo, snhmtor ?G fm bnaohoei ukuei
ohor tnrfopot zdeo pngoekoeioe.
2) [deo
[deo pngo
pngoek
ekoe
oeio
ioe
e
[deo pngoekoeioe gnrupohoe tngpot sna-sna ohor gngoekoei , `meiio anbm` form snpuau`
hoam poekeoi osameyo. \ngoekoeioe sna foaog zdeo mem gnefdrdei ukuei ohor anbm` kkou`
ou` hn
foaog toeo`. Sngnetoro mtu, gormstng opmhoa ohor tnrus gneogbo`hoe sna-sna hn ukuei
yo
yoei
ei an
anbm
bm`
` gufo
gufo po
pofo
fo zd
zdeo
eo pn
pngo
goek
ekoe
oeio
ioe.
e. Bo
Bo`h
`hoe
oe snbna
snbnaug
ug sn
sna-
a-sn
snaa oh
ohor
or sn
snan
anso
somm
gngoekoei, snboimoe bnsor guaom tnrspnsmoamsosm foaog struhtur foe jueism.
3) [deo
[deo fmj
fmjnr
nrne
nesm
smos
osmm
[deo fmjnrnesmosm
fmjnrnesmosm otou zdeo pngotoeioe
pngotoeioe,, sna-sna gneynansomhoe
gneynansomhoe fmjnrnesmosm
fmjnrnesmosmeyo
eyo foe
gnekofm tmpn sna-sna yoei bnrbnfo.

@. \nr
\nrtug
tugbu
bu`oe
`oe ssnhu
nhuefn
efnrr ohor
ohor

?>
 Iogbor ?.= struhtur oeotdgm ohor fmhdtma
Sugbnr; `ttps;// samfnpaoynr.mejd.cdg
samfnpaoynr.mejd.cdg

\nrtugbu`oe snhuefnr tnrkofm ohmbot ofoeyo ohtmvmtos fm kormeioe hogbmug (gormstngotmh

snhuefnr). \ngbnao`oe hogbmug hn oro` auor ohoe gngbnetuh jadng snhuefnr. \rgbrao`oe
hn oro` foaog ohoe gngbnetuh xyang snhuefnr. \d`de-pd`de yoei ofo fm snhmtor hmto ohoe
gnekofm anbor.pngbnao`oe pofo kormeioe hogbmg mem ohoe gneynbobhoe tnrkofmeyo pnanboroe
botoei, pngbnetuhoe ameihoroe to`ue, snrto korm-korm ngpuaur. \ngbnao`oe hogbmug gnekofm
xyang foe jadng soeiot fmpneioru`m dan` ameihueioe. Sn`meiio hncnpotoe pngbnao`oe yoei
tnrkofm fm gusmg `ukoe bnrbnfo fneioe pngbnao`oe fm gusmg hnrmei. @oa mem gneynbobhoe
guecuaeyo ameihoroe hdesnetrosm otou ameihoroe to`ue fm botoei pd`de.
M. \n
\ngb
gbne
netu
tuho
hoe
e Oho
Ohorr Aot
Aotnr
nroa
oa

Iogbor ?.?< pngbnetuhoe ohor aotnroa

?:
 Sugbnr; `ttps;//fdcpaoynr.mejd.cdg
`ttps;//fdcpaoynr.mejd.cdg

Ohor aotnroa guecua form pnrmsmhna (pnrmcycan), aopmsoe sna tnramor pofo smamefnr voshuaor, bnrofo fm
snbnao` foe tnpot fm foaog nefdfnrgms. Ohor sogpmei gnengbus hdrtnhs foe npmfnrgms `meiio mo
guecua form ohsr yoei sufo` ofo. Ohor aotnroa tmfoh bmso bnrguao fm fnhot pnrguhooe ohor horneo
smstng voshuaoreyo `orus bnrsogbueioe fneioe smamefnr voshuaor fm tneio` ohor yoei sufo` ofo.

K. Smjot,
Smjot, horoht
horohtnrm
nrmstm
stmh
h foe
foe jueism
jueism o
ohor
hor
o. Smjot ooh
hor

Ed. Smjot ohor

?. Boim
Boimoe
oe tugb
tugbu`
u`oe
oe bmo
bmoso
soey
eyoo tnrfo
tnrfopo
pott fm foaog
foaog toeo
toeo`,
`, fnei
fneioe
oe oro`
oro` tugb
tugbu`
u` hn
hn
pusot bugm (indtrdp) otou gneuku hn omr (`mfrdtrdp), gnemeiioahoe uforo foe
co`oyo.
2. Vmfo
Vmfoh
h bnrb
bnrbuh
uhu-
u-bu
buhu
hu,, tmfoh
tmfoh bnr
bnruo
uoss foe tmf
tmfoh
oh gne
gnefu
fuhu
huei
ei fou
foue-
e-fo
foue
ue otou
otou sms
smsmh
mh--
smsmh goupue boimoe-bomoe aomeeyo.
3. Yore
Yoreoe
oeyo
yo tmfo
tmfoh
h `mkou
`mkou,, bmoso
bmosoey
eyoo hnpu
hnputm
tm`-
`-pu
putm`
tm`oe
oe foe
foe hn
hnhu
huem
emei
ei-h
-hue
ueme
meio
ioe.
e.
6. Vugbu` tnrus pofo ukueieyo, topm pnrtugbu`oeeyogosm` hoao` pnsot
fmboefmeihoe fneioe pnrguhooe toeo`.
>. Bnetuh ukueieyo snrmei gnruecmei, sn`meiio anbm` gufo` uetuh gnengbus
toeo`.
Vobna ?.2 smjot ohor

b. Horohtnrmstmh Ohor sncoro ugug

Ed. Horohtnrmstmh ohor

?. \ofo oh
ohor ttmf
mfooh gn
gngmamhm h
haadrdjma.
2. Vmfoh gn
gngmam amh
hm f
fooue-foue f fooe tu tueos.
3. Gngmam
gmamhhm ttu
ufuei oh ohor p
poofo uku
ukue eieyo.
6. Ohor
Ohor bnrc
bnrcoboboeoei,
i, bnro
bnroso
soaa f
for
ormm sstr
truh
uhtu
turr nnef
efdi
dine
nemh
mh..
>. \d
\dsm
smsm
sm xm
xman
ang g foe
foe ja
jadn
dng
g pnr
pnrof
ofoo pof
pofoo tng
tngpopott yoe
yoei
ib bnr
nrbn
bnfo
fo..
:. Gngm
Gngmamamhm
hm ro
rogbgbutut ohor
ohor pofo
pofo fonr
fonro` o` fn
fnhohott opn
opnhs
hs ohor
ohor..
Vobna ?.3 horohtnrmstmh ohor sncoro ugug
c. Jueism Ohor

Ed. Jueism ohor

?. ^etu
tuh
h gne
gneydhdei foe gngpnrhdhd` bnrfmrmeyo tugbu`oe fm tngpot
`mfupeyo.
2. ^etuh
^etuh gney
gneynrnrop
op omr
omr foe
foe ior
iorog
og-i
-ior
orog
og gme
gmenr
nroa
oa (zo
(zot-
t-zo
zott `oro
`oro)) fo
form
rm foa
foaog
og toe
toeo`
o`..
3. Gnei
Gneioe
oeih
ihut
ut omr
omr foe zot-
zot-zo
zott gohoe
gohoeoe
oe yoei
yoei sufo
sufo` ` fmsnr
fmsnrop
op hn tngp
tngpotot-t
-tng
ngpo
pott
pofo tubu` tugbu`oe yoei
yoei gnngnrauhoe.
6. \ofo bnbnropo tugbu`oe ofo yoei bnrjueism snboiom oaot rnspmrosm, gmsoaeyo

?9
 tugbu`oe bohou.
>. \o
\ofo
fo bnbnr
bnbnrop
opoo kn
knem
emss tu
tugb
gbu`
u`oe
oe,, ofo
ofo yoei
yoei bnriu
bnriueo
eo snboi
snboiom
om tngp
tngpot
ot
pneymgpoeoe cofoeioe gohoeoe otou snboiom oaot rnprdfuhsm vnintotmj.
Gmsoaeyo
Gmsoaeyo wdrtna
wdrtna yoei gngmamhm ohor tueiioei yoei gngbnsor,
gngbnsor, bnrjueism
bnrjueism
snboiom tngpot gnyemgpoe gohoeoe. \ofo tugbu`oe suhue, form boimoe ohor
fopot tugbu` tueos yoei ohoe tugbu` gnekofm mefmvmfu
m efmvmfu boru.
Vobna ?.6 jueism ohor

BOB MMM
\NE^V^\

O. HNSMG\^AOE
?. Oeotdgm
Oeotdgm ohor tnrfmrm
tnrfmrm otos npmfnrgms,
npmfnrgms, nhsdfnrgms
nhsdfnrgms,hdrt
,hdrtnhs,ne
nhs,nefdfn
fdfnrgms,
rgms, foe smamefnr
smamefnr
pusot.
2. \ofo boimoe
boimoe struhtur
struhtur ohor fmhdtma
fmhdtma foe
foe gdedhdtma
gdedhdtma tnrfopot
tnrfopot pnrbnfooe
pnrbnfooe fmgoeo
fmgoeo pofo
pofo
ohor gdedhdtma tnrfopot metm snfoeihoe ohor fmhdtma tmfoh tnrfopot metm.
3. Ohor gdedhdtma
gdedhdtma tmfoh gneioaogm
gneioaogm pnrtugbu`oe
pnrtugbu`oe snhuefnr
snhuefnr snfoeiho
snfoeihoe
e ohor
ohor fmhdtma
fmhdtma
gneioaogm pnrtugbu`oe snhuefnr.
6. \nrhngboeio
\nrhngboeioe
e ohor
ohor tnrkofm
tnrkofm 2 to`opoe
to`opoe fmoetoro
fmoetoroeyo
eyo yomtu;
yomtu;
 Vo`op owoa pnrtugbu`oe

 Vo`op pnrhncogbo`oe
>. \nrb
\nrbnf
nfoo
ooe
e oe
oeto
toro
ro Gded
Gdedhd
hdtm
tmaa fo
foe
e fmhd
fmhdtm
tma,
a, gded
gdedhd
hdtm
tmaa yo
yomt
mtu
u Vmfo
Vmfoh
h gngp
gngpue
ueyo
yomm
hogbmug vnshuanr, pngbuau` oeihuteyo tnrsnbor, bnrhos pneioeihut fmbueihus

?0
 dan`
dan` soruei
soruei bnrhos
bnrhos pneioe
pneioeihu
ihutt , gngmamh
gngmamhmm npmfnr
npmfnrgms
gms yoei
yoei tnboa,
tnboa, gngpue
gngpueyom
yom
gorms
ormstn
tng
g me
metn
tnrh
rhoa
oaor
or,,tmf
tmfoh gng
gngpu
puey
eyom
om ko
korm
rm-k
-kor
ormm ngp
ngpna
naur
ur.. Snf
nfoe
oei
ihoe
Fmhdtmagngpueyom hogbmug vnshuanr, pngbuau` oeihut tnrotur foaog susueoe
ameiho
ameihoroe
roe otou
otou bnrsnam
bnrsnamei
ei rofmoa,
rofmoa, tmfoh
tmfoh gngmamh
gngmamhmm npmfnr
npmfnrgms
gms,, tmfoh
tmfoh gngpue
gngpueyom
yom
gnrmstng metnrhoaor, korm-korm ngpnaur bnrupo fnrnhoe pornehmg fmoetoro bnrhos

pneioeihut fm botoei.
:. \ofo pnrtug
pnrtugbu`oe
bu`oe prmgnr
prmgnr ohor tmio
tmio zdeo
zdeo pngbnao`oe
pngbnao`oe fmoetoroey
fmoetoroeyoo yomtu;
 [deo pngbnao`ooe sna

 [deo pngoekoeioe

 [deo fmjnrnesmosm
9. \ofo
\ofo pnrtug
pnrtugbu`
bu`oe
oe snhuef
snhuefnr
nr pofo ohor tnrkof
tnrkofmm horneo
horneo ofoeyo
ofoeyo ohtmvm
ohtmvmtos
tos kormeioe
kormeioe
hogbmug otou snrmei fmsnbut fneioe gormstngotmh snhuefnr.
0. Ohor
Ohor tnreyot
tnreyotoo gngmmh
gngmmhmm smft,
smft, foe horohtnr
horohtnrmstm
mstmh
h yoei
yoei bnrbnfo
bnrbnfo form
form foue
foue goupue
goupue
botoei. Snrto ohor kuio gngmamhm pnroe pnetmei foaog pnrtugbu`oe snbu`o
toeogoe otou tugbu`oe.

FOJVOR \^SVOHO

`ttps;//www.pusotmagupneinto`uoe.cdg/pneinrtmoe-pnrtugbu`oe-foe-pnrhngboeioe-pofo-

tugbu`oe/

`ttps;//fdcpaoynr.mejd/:2=2?6>3-Struhtur-pnrtugbu`oe-foe-pn
`ttps;//fdcpaoynr.mejd/:2=2?6>3-Struhtur-pnrtugbu`oe-foe-pnrhngboeioe-tugbu`oe.`tga
rhngboeioe-tugbu`oe.`tga

`ttps;//samfnpaoynr.mejd/ogp/?3<6?36?/

`ttps;//msgomazohormokuoei.badispdt.cdg/2<?0/<:/gohoao`-oeotdgm-ohor.`tga

`ttps;//www.iddian.cdg/ura4so7m&ura7`ttps%3O%2J%2Jwww.utohotmhdtoh.cdg
%2Jhdeihdw%2Jfntoma%2J=39=%2J
%2Jhdeihdw%2Jfntoma%2J=39=%2JGneineoam-Struhtur-Oeotdgm-Ohor-Vugbu`oe-foe-
Gneineoam-Struhtur-Oeotdgm-Ohor-Vugbu`oe-foe-
Boimoe-

Boimoeeyo&psmi7ODvZow2]aHxEyr_@IsANuI=GrG6]&ust7?:<933:26<23?
Boimoeeyo&psmi7ODvZow2]aHxEyr_@IsANuI=GrG6]&u st7?:<933:26<23?<<<&sdur
<<<&sdur
cn7mgoins&cf7vjn&vnf7<COM_kRxqJwdVCKk-eHC_un<CJ_OOOOOfOOOOOBOF

?=
`ttps;//www.utohotmhdtoh.cdg/hdeihdw/fntoma/=39=/Gneineoam-Struhtur-Oeotdgm-Ohor-
Vugbu`oe-foe-Boimoe-Boimoeeyo

`ttps;//www.srmfmoetm.cdg/pnrbnfooe-ohor-fmhdtma-foe-ohor-gdedhdtma.`tga

`ttps;//ormsho.`dgn.badi/2<?0/?2/2</struhtur-oeotdgm-ohor-gdedhdtma-foe-fmhdtma/

`ttp;//magubmdadim.cdg/struhtur-oeotdgm-ohor-fmhdtma-foe-gdedhdtma

Cogpbnaa, Enma O. foe Rnncn, Koen B.2<<0.Bmdadim Nfmsm Hnfnaopoe Kmamf 2.

2. Kohorto;Nraoeiio.

2<