General English

Grammar
Parts of Speech

Nouns Verbs
Nouns are words that represent people, places, things, Verbs are words that express actions, states, or
or ideas. occurrences.

Adjectives Adverbs
Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns. Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, or
other adverbs.

Pronouns Prepositions
Pronouns are words that replace nouns or other Prepositions are words that show the relationship
pronouns. between a noun or pronoun and another word in the
sentence.

Conjunctions Interjections
Conjunctions are words that connect words, phrases, or Interjections are words or phrases used to express
clauses. strong emotions or sudden reactions.
Sentence Structure
Subjects
The subject of a sentence is the noun, pronoun, or noun
phrase that performs the action or is being described in
the sentence.
Objects
Objects are the nouns, pronouns, or noun phrases that
receive the action of the verb in a sentence.
Verbs
Verbs are the action words in a sentence. They express
what the subject is doing or the state of being.
Modifiers
Modifiers are words or phrases that provide additional
information about a subject, verb, or object in a
sentence. They can be adjectives, adverbs, or
prepositional phrases.
Tenses

Present Tense Past Tense Future Tense Perfect Tense Progressive Tense
• Describes • Describes • Describes • Describes • Describes
actions actions that actions that will actions that actions that are
happening now have already happen in the were ongoing or in
or regularly. happened. future. completed progress at a
before a certain specific time.
time in the past
or will be
completed
before a certain
time in the
future.
Punctuation
Punctuation marks are essential in clarifying the meaning and structure of sentences. They help to convey emphasis,
indicate pauses, and separate different parts of a sentence. Here are some commonly used punctuation marks:
• Periods (.) are used to indicate the end of a declarative sentence or an abbreviation.
• Commas (,) are used to separate items in a list, indicate pauses, and separate clauses in a sentence.
• Question marks (?) are used at the end of a sentence to indicate a direct question.
• Exclamation marks (!) are used to express strong emotions or exclamatory statements.
• Colons (:) are used to introduce a list, explanation, or quotation.
• Semicolons (;) are used to separate two independent clauses that are closely related.
• Quotation marks (") are used to enclose direct speech or a quotation.
• Apostrophes (') are used to indicate possession or contraction.
Subject-Verb Agreement
Subject-verb agreement refers to the need for a subject and verb to agree in number (singular or plural) within a
sentence.

Examples of Subject-Verb Agreement

Common Grammar Mistakes
In the English language, there are several common grammar mistakes that are often made. These mistakes can include
incorrect verb tense usage, subject-verb disagreement, and improper use of punctuation.

Common Grammar Mistakes