University Of Transport Ho Chi Minh City

Assignment Cover Sheet

for submission of individual and group work
Course/Unit Code Assignment number Assignment due date Group session name
QL23IECA –
2 Sat 25/11/2023 Group 2
011968110201
Course Unit Name Word Count
Cargo and Dangerous Goods words lines
Lecturer’s Name Marker’s Name
DANG THUY LONG CHAU
Declaration and statement of authorship:
1. We hold a copy of this assignment, which can be produced if the original is lost/damaged.
2. This assignment is our original work and no part of it has been copied from any other student’s work
or from any other source except where due acknowledgment is made.
3. No part of this assignment has been written for us by any other person except where such
collaboration has been authorized by the lecturer concerned and is clearly acknowledged in the
assignment.
4. We have not previously submitted or currently submitted this work for any other course.
5. This work may be reproduced and/or communicated for the purpose of detecting plagiarism.
6. We give permission for a copy of our marked work to be retained by the school for review by external
examiners.
7. We understand that plagiarism is the presentation of the work, idea or creation of another person as
though it is your own. It is a form of cheating and is a very serious academic offence that may lead to
expulsion from the University. Plagiarized material can be drawn from, and presented in, written,
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origin of the material used is not appropriately cited.
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work.
Family name Given name Student ID Student Signature Date
DINH GIA HAN 070305008966 HAN 25/11/2023
VO ANH KHANG 056205010601 KHANG 25/11/2023
NGUYEN NGOC HUYEN MY 077305006191 MY 25/11/2023
DUONG THI THANH HANG 049305010098 HANG 25/11/2023
BUI MINH TRIET 077205003033 TRIET 11/11/2023

Assessor’s comments Grade School date stamp

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I. Classification------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
II. Packaging requirement----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
1. Individual Retail Packaging:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
2. Bulk Packaging:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
3. Batteries within Electronic Devices:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4

III. Labelling and documentation------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5

1. LABELLING-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
2. DOCUMENTATION----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7
a. Shipper Declaration for Dangerous Goods-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7
b. Emergency Response Information And Emergency Response Telephone Number------------------------------------------7
c. Handling Instruction:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
d. Export and Import Documentation:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
e. Transport documentation:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8

IV. Risk assessment and mitigation--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8

1. Individual Retail Packaging (50 batteries)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
1.1. Risk------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8
1.2. Mitigation Measures:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8

2. Large Box with Dividers (100 batteries)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9

2.1. Potential Risks:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9
2.2. Mitigation measure to prevent:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9

3. Batteries Contained within Electronic Devices (laptops) (50 batteries)-------------------------------------------------9

3.1. Potential Risks:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9
3.2. Mitigation Measures:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9

V. Emergency Procedures---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
1. LEAKING BATTERY---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
2. REACTING BATTERY------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11
3. FIRE----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11

VI. Regulatory compliance------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11

1. THE US------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11
2. EU------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12

VII. Reporting and communication--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12

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 I. Classification
The classification of lithium batteries under the IATA DGR:
Lithium batteries are classified in Class 9 – Miscellaneous dangerous goods as:
• UN 3090: Lithium metal batteries
• UN 3480: Lithium ion batteries
Thus, the XYZ Airlines shipment containing 200 lithium-ion batteries is in UN 3480.
Or, if inside a piece of equipment or packed separately with a piece of equipment
to power that equipment as:
• UN 3091: Lithium metal batteries contained in equipment
• UN 3091: Lithium metal batteries packed with equipment
• UN 3481: Lithium ion batteries contained in equipment
• UN 3481: Lithium ion batteries packed with equipment
Therefore, there are different classifications for the batteries based on their
packaging and state (contained in equipment or not):
• 50 batteries contained within electronic devices (laptops) are in UN 3481.
• 50 batteries in individual retail packaging are in UN 3480.
• 100 batteries packed together in a large box with dividers are in UN 3480.
II. Packaging requirement
1. Individual Retail Packaging:
The packaging of individual batteries must adhere to specific guidelines to prevent
short-circuiting, damage, or inadvertent activation during transport.
Insulation: Each battery should be insulated to prevent contact with other
batteries, conductive materials, or terminals. Use non-conductive material like
cardboard or plastic to isolate each battery.
Protection: Ensure that the packaging adequately protects the batteries from
physical damage or crushing.
Markings and Labeling: Proper labeling indicating the nature of the contents
(lithium-ion batteries), orientation arrows, and appropriate handling instructions
should be clearly visible on the package.

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 2. Bulk Packaging:
Transporting batteries in bulk requires specialized packaging to prevent contact
between batteries and minimize the risk of short-circuiting.
Individual Separation: Each battery within the bulk packaging should have
individual protection to prevent contact with other batteries.
Packaging Material: Use packaging materials designed specifically for lithium-ion
batteries, incorporating insulation and shock-absorbing features.
Stability and Orientation: Ensure that the batteries are packed in a stable
manner, and the packaging prevents movement or shifting during transport.
Orientation arrows should indicate the correct handling position.
3. Batteries within Electronic Devices:
Device Activation: Ensure devices containing batteries are turned off during
transport to prevent accidental activation or short-circuiting.
Documentation: Include documentation confirming that the batteries are
installed within devices and provide handling instructions if required.
Additional Compliance Measures:
Training: Ensure personnel involved in handling, packaging, and transporting these
batteries are adequately trained in IATA DGR regulations to minimize risks and
ensure compliance.
Documentation and Declarations: Properly document the shipment, including a
Shipper's Declaration for Dangerous Goods, and ensure all necessary paperwork is
completed accurately.

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 III. Labelling and documentation
1. LABELLING
Making a mistake with marking, labelling or packaging products with lithium
batteries can at best cause delays. At worst, the battery could fail or short circuit
causing a fire. As a dangerous goods, the lithium battery shipments must be
clearly labeled and marked appropriately according to IATA regulations. Lithium
battery labeling and marks must be placed on the packages or overpacks, so they
are not obstructed. They must be:
• Durable
• Legible
• Easily identifiable
The lithium battery mark is required as specified in the additional requirements of
Section II of Packing Instructions 966, 967, 969 and 970. It is also required as
specified in the additional requirements of Section IB of Packing Instructions 965
and 968 in addition to the Class 9 lithium battery hazard label and Cargo Aircraft
Only label.
• The border of the mark must have red diagonal hatchings with a minimum
width of 5mm.
• The symbol (group of batteries, one damaged and emitting flame, above the
UN number for lithium ion or lithium metal batteries or cells) must be black on
white or a suitable contrasting background.
The Lithium Battery label is required for consignments which have a larger
number, or more powerful, batteries. The label must be in the form of a square
set at 45° (diamond shaped). The minimum dimensions must be 100x100 mm.
There must be a line inside the edge forming the diamond, which must be parallel
and approximately 5mm from the outside of that line to the edge of the label. The
line inside the edge on the upper half of the label the line must be the same color
as the symbol and the line inside the edge on the lower half of the label must be
the same color as the class or division number in the bottom corner. The symbol
on the upper half of the label will be seven vertical black stripes. The lower half is
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to include the symbol for the battery group, with one broken and emitting flame,
and the class number. Place for UN number(s), i.e. UN 3090, UN 3091, UN 3480
and/or UN 3481, as applicable. The UN number(s) indicated on the mark should be
at least 12 mm high. In case the packages are of dimensions such that they cannot
bear the full-size lithium battery mark, the mark dimensions may be reduced to
100 mm wide × 70 mm high. The design specifications remain otherwise the same.
Where any face of a package is large enough to bear the full-size lithium battery
mark, the full-size mark must be used.
A lithium battery mark must not be affixed to packages prepared in accordance
with Section IA of Packing Instructions 965 and 968 and Section I of Packing
Instructions 966, 967, 969 and 970.
A lithium battery mark is not required for packages prepared in accordance with
Section II of PI 967 or PI 970 containing only button cell batteries installed in
equipment (including circuit boards) or consignments of two packages or less
where each package contains no more than four cells, or two batteries installed in
equipment.
Note: The Air Waybill is required to contain the statements "Lithium (ion or metal)
batteries in compliance with Section II of PI9XX when the lithium battery mark is
affixed to the package(s).
In this shipment, each type of packaging methods should be label as:
a. Individual Retail Packaging: fix the appropriate class 9 hazard label and
the lithium battery handling label. Requirement: label be placed on the
external surface of the package and must be visible and legible. Moreover,
including information such as UN number, proper shipping name, a
pictogram indicating lithium content.
b. Large Box with Dividers (100 lithium-ion batteries with dividers): The
outer box needs to be labeled with the class 9 hazard label and lithium
battery handling label. Moreover, each package inside the box should be
labeled for safety.

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 c. Lithium Batteries Contained With Electronic Devices: The cover box of
devices should be labeled by class 9 hazard label and lithium battery
handling label.
2. DOCUMENTATION

a. Shipper Declaration for Dangerous Goods

To ship lithium batteries, the freight company must fill out a "Shipper Declaration
for Dangerous Goods" form. This form includes important information such as the
shipper and consignee details, nature and quantity of the dangerous goods, and
other relevant information. It serves as a comprehensive declaration of the
shipped items.
Additionally, the freight company will need a UN 38.3 test report and a Material
Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). The UN 38.3 test report verifies that the lithium
batteries have undergone testing to meet safety standards. The MSDS provides
essential information on the batteries hazardous properties and offers guidance
for safe handling, storage, and emergency response.
By completing the "Shipper Declaration for Dangerous Goods" form and including
the UN 38.3 test report and MSDS, the company ensure compliance, promote
safety, and provide crucial information for the successful transportation of
lithium batteries. Thus, prevent incidents.

b. Emergency Response Information And Emergency Response Telephone Number

Cover procedures to be followed in case of incidents involving lithium batteries,

including firefighting, spillage response, and first aid.
Emergency Response Information: the information relates to the DG being
transported must be immediately available all times during the lithium delivery.
This information is specific used in emergency and accident response to an
incident.
Emergency Response Telephone Number: this information includes area codes and
international numbers for locations outside the U.S., the international access code

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and each country, city codes needed to complete the call from within the U.S.)
for use in the event of an incident involving the DG. The number must be always
monitored while transporting the dangerous goods by a person who:
• Is knowledgeable of the hazards and characteristics of the dangerous goods
being delivered
• Has comprehensive emergency response and accident mitigation information
or has immediate access to a person who possesses immerse knowledge,
information

c. Handling Instruction:

This information guides ground handling staff, airline personnel, and others
involved in the transportation process.

d. Export and Import Documentation:

Ensure that licenses, permits, or other customs-related documents are in order.

e. Transport documentation:

providing information about carriers, routing, and scheduled flights.

IV. Risk assessment and mitigation
Each packaging type presents unique risks during air transit, necessitating tailored
mitigation strategies to ensure safe transport.
1. Individual Retail Packaging (50 batteries)
1.1. Risk
Physical Damage: Lack of adequate protection against impact or compression
during handling.
Short Circuit Risk: One of the major risks associated with the transport of
batteries and battery-powered equipment is short-circuit of the battery because
of the battery terminals encountering other batteries, metal objects, or
conductive surfaces.
1.2. Mitigation Measures:

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Shock-Absorbent Materials: Foam inserts or air cushioning systems are used in
order to protect these lithium-ion batteries from damage due to shocks or
vibrations during transport.
Insulation Layers: Prevent contact between batteries and with conductive
materials using insulation layers.
Clear Labeling: Ensure conspicuous labeling on individual packages with proper
handling instructions and lithium battery warnings.
2. Large Box with Dividers (100 batteries)
2.1. Potential Risks:
Internal Shifting: Possibility of battery movement during transit, leading to
damage or short circuits.
Increased Fire Risk: Higher concentration of batteries increases the risk if thermal
runaway occurs.
2.2. Mitigation measure to prevent:
Secure Dividers: Ensure dividers firmly secure batteries to prevent movement.
Thermal Insulation: Line the box with thermal insulation to stabilize
temperatures.
Fire-Resistant Material: Employ fire-resistant materials to contain and inhibit the
spread of potential fires.
3. Batteries Contained within Electronic Devices (laptops) (50 batteries)
3.1. Potential Risks:
Device Damage: Mishandling may harm devices, potentially leading to battery
damage or short circuits.
Concealed Damage: Hidden damage to devices poses risks during handling or in-
flight.
3.2. Mitigation Measures:
Secure Device Packaging: Use padded and shock-resistant packaging for electronic
devices to safeguard both devices and contained batteries.
Pre-shipment Testing: Conduct thorough testing pre-shipment to ensure device
functionality.
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Detailed Documentation: Clearly label packages containing electronic devices with
lithium batteries, including handling instructions.

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 V. Emergency Procedures
CABIN FIREFIGHTING PROCEDURES:
- Firefighting procedures require that any lithium battery showing signs of
overheating should be cooled as quickly as possible using water or non-flammable
liquid.
- The majority of PEDs powered by lithium batteries are held and/or used during
flight. Passengers and cabin crew are therefore more able to identify an
overheating device and take appropriate action to cool it before the point of
ignition.
- In the case of batteries installed within carry-on bags, these are more difficult to
identify at an early stage, due to their stowage in the cabin. This should be
considered in the safety risk assessment.
- To effectively cool an overheating lithium battery either before or after ignition,
the battery should be fully immersed in water or non-flammable liquid where
possible. Where a battery is not able to be removed quickly or safely, the device
in which it is contained should be immersed in water.
- Where the overheated device is the size of a carry-on bag, it is unable to be fully
immersed in water or placed in a fire containment device. This is a considerable
hazard and should be carefully considered by the operator before determining a
policy on acceptance for carriage.
1. LEAKING BATTERY
- Leaking batteries may contribute to inhalation hazards and cause physical harm
to one’s skin. Be careful not to get liquids on your skin. If skin or eye exposure
occurs, drench area for 15 minutes with water. Seek medical attention.
- One should wear appropriate PPE when handling.
- Consult EHS at 245-5662 for further instructions.
Note: a leaking battery may result in a reacting battery.

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 2. REACTING BATTERY
Signs that a battery is reacting (with air or water) are swelling or bulging of the
battery, hissing noises, popping sounds, overheating and smoke evolution. One or
more of these characteristics may be present.
- If it is safe to do so, using some type of insulation between you and the battery
(e.g., potholder), immediately move battery away from flammable and
combustible areas (wood, cloth, plastic) to a surface that will not burn easily like
vinyl floor tile, terrazzo floor, a cooking pot and allow it to react fully. If
possible, move the battery outdoors.
- Consult EHS at 245-5662 for further instructions.
Note: a reacting battery could lead to a fire.
3. FIRE
- If a fire is observed, call 911 and evacuate the building by pulling the fire alarm.
- If trained in the use of a fire extinguisher, one may attempt to extinguish the
fire after calling 911. Lithium fires may reignite after extinguishing them. Call
911!
- All fires must be reported to EHS, even if extinguished.
VI. Regulatory compliance
1. THE US
- In addition to complying with the international regulations, different countries
generally have their own regional requirements for transportation of lithium
batteries.
- Part 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations (49 CFR Sections 100–185), of the U.S.
Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR) governs the domestic transportation of
lithium batteries to, from, and within the U.S. by all modes, i.e., air, road, rail,
and sea. It provides information on packaging, hazard communication (e.g.,
package marking, labelling, and shipping papers), and handling of batteries and
battery-powered devices. The 49 CFR is based on the UN Model Regulations and is
in accordance with the international regulations including the ICAO TI and the

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IMDG Code. However, there are some differences between 49 CFR and the
international regulations.
- 49 CFR provides a medium-size lithium battery category, whereas the
international regulations do not. According to 49 CFR, medium-size lithium cells
and batteries can only be transported by ground (i.e., by road and rail). Their
outer package must be marked “LITHIUM BATTERIES—FORBIDDEN FOR TRANSPORT
ABOARD AIRCRAFT AND VESSEL”.
2. EU
- In addition to the battery safety, pre-transportation testing, and transportation
regulations, European countries have multilateral agreements regarding various
aspects of transportation and packaging of damaged, recyclable, prototype, and
low-production-run lithium batteries.
- In 2015, both the International Airlines Group (IAG), a multinational airline
holding company located in Europe and Emirates Airlines banned the transport of
Li-ion batteries as cargo. In addition, IAG, Emirates, and a few others do not
accept booking of UN3480 Li-ion batteries as cargo on passenger aircraft.
However, this restriction does not affect batteries packed or contained in
equipment (UN3481 and UN3091). Emirates has a strict policy for carriage of Li-ion
batteries and polymer batteries. Especially, Li-ion cells/batteries are totally
restricted for carriage as of 1 April 2015.
VII. Reporting and communication
Before Shipment (in the US in this case): If the lithium incidents happen, a report
should be made about this incidents indicated a brief detail and explanation, then
it is expected to be forwarded to the team leader/ manager so that they can find
a solution and minimize the risk possibilities as soon as possible so that it can
smoothen out the flow of work and assure the arrival in time of the package to the
destination. In addition, pilot and co-pilot should be known about the state of
dangerous goods so that they can follow up the instructions published by IATA and
FAA. If the dangerous goods have impacts on global scales, then a report should be
forwarded to ICAO without any further delays. All information should be worked
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on SDCPS (Safety data collection and processing system) so that all the incidents
can be synchronized quickly to minimize the influence globally. Please notice that
FAA also have their regulations about dangerous goods delivery so the combination
between the two along with IATA would work to reduce the possibilities of
unfortunate event. Provide this information as well to the port authorities as they
have better understanding the procedure to help in case of emergency.
During shipment (between countries): if there are any incidents during this stage,
immediately contact to the local or nearest ATC for an emergency landing
(Mayday) for safety reason. Since the pilot and co-pilot on the flight had known
dangerous goods, with the previous report which provide detail and explanation of
the current dangerous goods and the record of them, once they land safely,
provide the information in a report and record the incidents if happen and submit
the newly made report and record to the authorities of that countries so that they
can better locate the problems and give out viable solution. Since the parcel is
delivered from San Francisco, NTSB (National Travel Safety Board) might
investigate if it turns out a fatal accident or worst scenario which is a disaster.
After shipment (Germany): when it comes to European countries, if something
strange happens to the parcels, they were checked based on 3 regulations: IATA,
EASA( European Union Safety Agency) and Germany Air regulation. All previous
reports and records included before and during shipment should be announced to
them so that they can be flexible to prepare the solution when the problem
occurs.

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