University of San Jose-Recoletos

School of Arts & Sciences

Department of Languages & Literature
English Proficiency 1

PASSIVIZATION
Uses
The utterer’s conscious knowledge of the results of the action.
Used in technical and scientific reports where the result/processes are more significant, the passive is
particularly useful in the writing out of the method and observation in experiment reports.

Tenses/Aspects Active Passivization

Simple Present The accountant audits the expenses The expenses are audited by the accountant
[him].
Simple Past The accountant audited the The expenses were audited by the accountant
expenses. [him].
Simple Future The accountant will audit the The expenses will be audited by the accountant
expenses. [him].
Present Perfect The accountant has audited the The expenses have been audited by the
expenses. accountant [him].
Past Perfect The accountant had audited the The expenses had been audited by the
expenses. accountant [him].
Future Perfect The accountant will have audited the The expenses will have been audited by the
expenses. accountant [him].
Present The accountant is auditing the The expenses are being audited by the
Continuous expenses. accountant [him].
Past Continuous The accountant was auditing the The expenses were being audited by the
expenses. accountant [him].
Future Continuous The accountant will be auditing the The expenses will be being audited by the
expenses. accountant [him].
Present Perfect The accountant has been auditing The expenses have been being audited by the
Continuous the expenses. accountant [him].
Past Perfect The accountant had been auditing The expenses had been being audited by the
Continuous the expenses. accountant [him].
Future Perfect The accountant will have been The expenses will have been being audited by
Continuous auditing the expenses. the accountant [him].
NB: The NP in the by-phrase undergoes pronominalization.