Humanities Referencing Quick Guide 2019-2020

The University of Roehampton Humanities referencing uses a very common author – date – page schema that is used
very widely in many different academic contexts.

Referencing consists of two parts:

a) In-text citation - used in the body of your assignment to show where you got your information, noting the
exact pages, where appropriate. The citation specifies only the surname, date and the page(s).
b) Bibliography - a list of resources you have cited, providing for each one a bibliographic entry giving all the
publication information for that item.

In-text citation format

There are two different formats, depending on context. In one, where you need to draw attention to the author’s
name explicitly in your text, only the date and page are in brackets, e.g. Babatunde (2002: 27-29). In the other, where
the name is not so important, the entire reference is parenthesised, e.g. (Ramachandran, 2016: 211-228). In the
examples below, only the fully parenthesised versions are given.

This guide shows you some examples of the format for (a) in-text citations, and (b) bibliographic entries. We have
included frequently asked questions. A full guide is available at: library.roehampton.ac.uk/referencing

Referencing examples table

Source In-text citation Bibliographic entry
type Page number(s) should One bibliographic entry is inserted into your bibliography for
always be given when you each source used, usually listed in alphabetical order by the
are speaking about an idea author’s surname.
mentioned in a particular
part of a source.
👤👤
(Surname, Year: Pages) Surname, Initial. (Year) Title of Book in Title Case and Italics.
Book with Number edn - if not first edition. Place of Publication: Publisher.
author Jowett, G.S. and O’Donnell, V. (2015) Propaganda & Persuasion.
6th edn. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
(Jowett and O’Donnell,
2015: 23-25)
👤
(Surname of chapter Surname, Initial. (Year) Title of chapter, in Surname of editor,
author, Year: Pages) Initial. (ed. or eds.) Title of Book in Title Case and Italics.
Number edn - if not first edition. Place of Publication: Publisher.
Chapter in
p. or pp. page numbers.
edited book
(Butroyd, 2008: 26)
Butroyd, R. (2008) Relationships with children and young people,
in Denby, N. (ed.) How to Achieve your QTS: A Guide for Students.
London: Sage, pp. 25-46.
Note on editions: Please note that we use edn. not ed. (as above) which is used for “editor”.
Note on page numbers: The page numbers in your citation are where the ideas occur which you want to
discuss. Page numbers only appear in the bibliographic entry where they are required to indicate the
whole source, e.g. for a journal article or a paper

The Academic Achievement Team runs daily drop-in sessions and regular workshops where you can get additional help with
referencing. To find out more, visit the Learning Skills Hub on Moodle or email aateam@roehampton.ac.uk.

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 Humanities Referencing Quick Guide 2019-2020
Follow the format for the Follow the format for print book as above if it includes all the
print book as above if it elements shown in the print version.
e-Books
includes all the same
elements.
(Surname/Corporate Surname, Initial. /Corporate author (Year) Title of Webpage in
author, Year: Page - if Title Case and Italics. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
available) British Heart Foundation (no date) High Cholesterol. Available at:
Website (BHF, no date) www.bhf.org.uk/heart-health/risk-factors/high-cholesterol
(Accessed: 20 July 2018).

Note: see the full guide for more examples.

👤👤👤👤+
(Surname, Year: Pages) Surname, Initial. (Year) Title of article, Title of Journal in Title
Journal article Case and Italics, Volume(Issue), p. or pp. page numbers.

(Ciulla et al., 2018: 11)
Follow the format for the
Online journal print article if it includes all
article the same elements.
Ciulla, J. et al. (2018) Philosophical contributions to leadership
ethics, Business Ethics Quarterly, 28(1), pp. 1-14.
Follow the format for the print article as above if it includes all
the same elements.

👤👤👤
(Surname, Year: Pages) Surname, Initial. (Year) Title of article, Title of Journal in Title
Case and Italics, Volume(Issue), p. or pp. page numbers. DOI
Online journal
article with Levy, Ranjibar and Dean, Levy, F. J., Ranjbar, A. and Dean, C. H. (2006) Dance movement as
DOI 2006: 7) a way to help children affected by war, Journal of Physical
Education, Recreation & Dance, 77(5), pp. 6-12. doi:
10.1080/07303084.2006.10597870

Note: If you see a DOI for the article, include it. See page 4 for
more info on DOI
Is your URL link looooooooooooooooooooooooong?

A common mistake is copying the URL link from wherever you have found the article. If your URL link
looks like below, it is the wrong link to use:
• https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=British+foundation+high+cholesterol&oq=British+foundatio
n+high+cholesterol&aqs=chrome..69i57j0l2.11223j0j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

This is what the links should look like:

• www.bhf.org.uk/heart-health/risk-factors/high-cholesterol

Come and chat with us if you need more help with URL links
Visit the Learning Skills Hub on Moodle to find out about our drop-ins.

The Academic Achievement Team runs daily drop-in sessions and regular workshops where you can get additional help with
referencing. To find out more, visit the Learning Skills Hub on Moodle or email aateam@roehampton.ac.uk.

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 Humanities Referencing Quick Guide 2019-2020
Audio-Visual
(Surname/username/or Name of person/organisation posting video (Year video added)
ganisation who posted Title of Video in Title Case and Italics [Site of video hosting].
Online videos the video, Year) Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
(Youtube, (TED, 2012) TED (2012) Susan Cain: The Power of Introverts [YouTube].
Vimeo etc) Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0KYU2j0TM4
(Accessed: 7 June 2014).
Note: video referencing can be complex – see the full guide.
(Film title in Title Case Title of Film in Title Case and Italics (Year of distribution)
and Italics, year of Directed by Initial. Surname. Available at: Name of service
distribution) (Accessed: dd Month yyyy)

Film, viewed (Black Panther, 2018) Black Panther (2018) Directed by R. Coogler. Available at: Netflix
online (Accessed: 10 May 2019).

Reports
Reports from (Author/Name of Author/Name of organisation or company (Year) Title of
organisations organisation, Year) Report. Place of Publication: Publisher *or* Available at: URL
(Accessed: dd Month yyyy).
(United Nations, 2015)
United Nations (2015) Human Development Report 2015. New
York: United Nations Development Programme.

For more formats, such as DVD, government reports and images, see the full Humanities referencing
guide on library.roehampton.ac.uk/referencing

Secondary referencing 👤 📙-----> 👤

Secondary referencing – is citing a source within a source. It is whenever you cite a work you haven’t
read the original version of, and you have only seen quoted in a source you have read.
Avoid secondary referencing where possible. Reading the original source is recommended.

Source type In-text citation Bibliography

(Surname of person you are Surname, Initial of Author of the book you read (Year)
quoting, Year, cited in Surname Title of Book in Title Case and Italics. Number edn - if not
of author of the book/article you first edition. Place of Publication: Publisher.
Book have read, Year: Pages)

(Burt, 1975, cited in Pringle, Pringle, M.K. (1986) The Needs of Children. 3rd edn.
1986: 96) London: Routledge.

The Academic Achievement Team runs daily drop-in sessions and regular workshops where you can get additional help with
referencing. To find out more, visit the Learning Skills Hub on Moodle or email aateam@roehampton.ac.uk.

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 Humanities Referencing Quick Guide 2019-2020

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

When do I use page numbers?
Page numbers should always be given when you are speaking about an idea mentioned in a particular part of a
source. The only time you would omit these is when you are referring to the entire work in very general terms, e.g.
“recent publications in this general subject area include Smith (1997) and Jones (2002).” Otherwise you should always
include page numbers, e.g. “for a useful discussion of the role of the state, see Jones (2002: 22-23).”

Can I include more than one source in my in-text citation?

You may refer to multiple sources in one citation. Use semi-colons to separate the sources and put them in the order
of publication, the earliest first. If more than one work was published in the same year, list it alphabetically by
author/editor.

Example: A number of studies (Spivak, 1988: 17; Butler, 1990: 78; Haraway, 1991: 36).

Note that if one author mentions an idea in several different publications, you do not have to repeat their name, e.g.
“(Spivak, 1988: 17; 2012: 63; 2016: 22-29)”

How do I create an in-text citation for a source with multiple authors?

👤 One author

Example: In an important theory on the subject by Ranganathan (1985) …

👤👤 Two authors

Example: Recent research in this field (Holmes and Watson, 2015) ...

👤👤👤+ Three authors

Example: …as demonstrated in the work (Levy, Ranjibar and Dean, 2018)

👤👤👤👤+ Four authors and more - cite the first name listed in the source followed by et al. written in italics.

Example: … as shown by the research (Ciualla et al., 2018)

What is the format for multiple authors in a bibliographic entry?

Write out the name of all the authors in the following format:

👤 One author Surname, Initial. (Year) …

👤👤 Two authors Surname, Initial. and Surname, Initial. (Year) …

👤👤👤 Three authors Surname, Initial., Surname, Initial, and Surname, Initial. (Year) …

👤👤👤👤+ Four authors and more Surname, Initial., et al. (Year) …

Note: see examples in the citation and reference tables above

What is a DOI?
DOI stands for direct object identifier. It is a persistent link for a source, meaning that it never changes and should
always lead you back to the source (whereas URL web links might change or lead to an error page). Because of this,
you do not need to add an access date when including a DOI.

The Academic Achievement Team runs daily drop-in sessions and regular workshops where you can get additional help with
referencing. To find out more, visit the Learning Skills Hub on Moodle or email aateam@roehampton.ac.uk.

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