0799129268 ‫هيثم طه‬

Physics 101
0780938042 ‫أحمد العزام‬

‫أطلب المكمل‬

Version 3

Chapter 4
Motion in two Dimension
Pages
27 out of 27

Done by :
References
Ahmad Al-Azzam - Physics for Scientists and
Engineers with Modern
Agricultural Engineering at JUST
Physics, Eighth Edition

Haitham Taha - Doctors Note

Civil Engineering at JUST - Past Years Questions

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‫قال تعالى ‪:‬‬

‫" قل هل يستوي الذين يعلمون والذين ال يعلمون إنما يتذكّر‬
‫أولو األلباب "‬

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‫الشرح أنا اعملت كلشي بقدر عليه منشان أفيدكم ‪ ...‬بالتوفيق للجميع‬

‫عملتلكم أسئلة مكملة للشرح اطلبوهم من المكتبة‬

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‫لإلستفسار أو للمساعدة التواصل مع ‪:‬‬

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‫‪ .2‬أكاديمية فوكس – إشارة الـ ‪SOS‬‬

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‫كلمات كثيررررر مهمة الزم تكون عارفهم منشان تقدر تحل أي سؤال عن الشابتر‬

‫‪Instantaneous‬‬ ‫لحظي‬ ‫‪centripetal‬‬ ‫التسارع المركزي‬

‫‪acceleration‬‬
‫‪Particle‬‬ ‫جسم‬ ‫‪tangential‬‬ ‫التسارع المماسي‬
‫‪acceleration‬‬
‫‪Against‬‬ ‫عكس اتجاهه‬ ‫‪circle‬‬ ‫دائرة‬
‫‪Maximum Height‬‬ ‫أعلى إرتفاع‬ ‫‪radius‬‬ ‫نصف القطر‬
‫‪horizontal range‬‬ ‫المدى األفقي‬ ‫‪Diameter‬‬ ‫القطر‬
‫‪Horizontally‬‬ ‫أفقيا‬ ‫‪tire‬‬ ‫عجلة‬
‫‪Projectile‬‬ ‫قذيفة‬

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4.1 The displacement

𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 = 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 − 𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

⃗⃗⃗⃗𝒇 − ⃗⃗⃗
∆𝒓 = 𝒓 𝒓𝒊

∆𝒓 = (𝒙𝒇 𝒊̂ + 𝒚𝒇 𝒋̂) − (𝒙𝒊 𝒊̂ + 𝒚𝒊 𝒋̂)

∆𝒓 = (𝒙𝒇 𝒊̂ − 𝒙𝒊 𝒊̂) + (𝒚𝒇 𝒋̂ − 𝒚𝒊 𝒋̂)

∆𝒓 = (𝒙𝒇 − 𝒙𝒊 )𝒊̂ + (𝒚𝒇 − 𝒚𝒊 )𝒋̂

⃗⃗⃗⃗
∆𝒓 = ∆𝒙𝒊̂ + ∆𝒚𝒋̂

4.2 Velocity and acceleration vectors

⃗⃗⃗⃗
∆𝒓
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =
𝑨𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 = ∆𝒗
∆𝒕
∆𝒙𝒊̂ + ∆𝒚𝒋̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =
∆𝒗
∆𝒕
∆𝒙 ∆𝒚
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =
∆𝒗 𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂
∆𝒕 ∆𝒕
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝒗𝒙 𝒊̂ + 𝒗𝒚 𝒋̂
∆𝒗

𝒅𝒓 𝒅
𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒆𝒐𝒖𝒔 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 = = (𝒙𝒊̂ + 𝒚𝒋̂)
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒚
𝑰𝒏𝒔𝒕. 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 = 𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕

𝑰𝒏𝒔𝒕. 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 = 𝒗𝒙 𝒊𝒏𝒔 𝒊̂ + 𝒗𝒚 𝒊𝒏𝒔 𝒋̂

𝑰𝒏𝒔𝒕. 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = |𝑰𝒏𝒔𝒕. 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚|

𝟐
𝑰𝒏𝒔𝒕. 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = √(𝒗𝒙 𝒊𝒏𝒔)𝟐 + (𝒗𝒚 𝒊𝒏𝒔)

Average acceleration
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
∆𝒗 ∆𝒗𝒙 𝒊̂ + ∆𝒗𝒚 𝒋̂
𝑨𝒗𝒆. 𝑨𝒄𝒄 = =
∆𝒕 ∆𝒕

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∆𝒗𝒙 ∆𝒗𝒚
𝑨𝒗𝒆. 𝑨𝒄𝒄 = 𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂
∆𝒕 ∆𝒕
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
∆𝒂 = 𝒂𝒙 𝒊̂ + 𝒂𝒚 𝒋̂

𝒅𝒗 𝒅𝒗𝒙 𝒅𝒗𝒚
𝑰𝒏𝒔𝒕. 𝑨𝒄𝒄 = = 𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕
𝑰𝒏𝒔𝒕. 𝑨𝒄𝒄 = 𝒂𝒙 𝒊𝒏𝒔 𝒊̂ + 𝒂𝒚 𝒊𝒏𝒔 𝒋̂

Ex : The position vector of a moving particle is given as 𝒓

⃗ (𝒕) = (𝟐𝒕𝟐 + 𝟏)𝒊̂ +
(𝟑𝒕𝟑 + 𝟐𝒕)𝒋̂ , Find :

1. The displacement vector at (𝒕 = 𝟎) and (𝒕 = 𝟐𝒔).

2. The average velocity in the time interval [𝟎, 𝟐].

3. The average speed of the particle at the same interval.

4. The average acceleration of the particle at the time interval [𝟏, 𝟑].

5. The acceleration at (𝒕 = 𝟑𝒔).

Answer :

1. 𝒓
⃗ (𝒕) = (𝟐𝒕𝟐 + 𝟏)𝒊̂ + (𝟑𝒕𝟑 + 𝟐𝒕)𝒋̂

⃗ (𝟎) = (𝟐(𝟎)𝟐 + 𝟏)𝒊̂ + (𝟑(𝟎)𝟑 + 𝟐(𝟎)) 𝒋̂

𝒓

⃗ (𝟎) = 𝟏𝒊̂ 𝒎
𝒓

⃗ (𝟐) = (𝟐(𝟐)𝟐 + 𝟏)𝒊̂ + (𝟑(𝟐)𝟑 + 𝟐(𝟐)) 𝒋̂

𝒓

⃗ (𝟐) = (𝟗𝒊̂ + 𝟐𝟖𝒋̂) 𝒎

𝒓

∆𝒓 = (𝟗𝒊 + 𝟐𝟖𝒋) − (𝟏𝒊)

∆𝒓 = 𝟖𝒊 + 𝟐𝟖𝒋
(𝟗𝒊̂+𝟐𝟖𝒋̂)−(𝒊)
2. ∆𝒗 =
𝟐−𝟎
𝟖𝒊̂ + 𝟐𝟖𝒋̂
∆𝒗 = = 𝟒𝒊̂ + 𝟏𝟒𝒋̂ 𝒎/𝒔
𝟐

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3. 𝑨𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = √(𝟒)𝟐 + (𝟏𝟒)𝟐

𝑨𝒗𝒆. 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟓𝟔 𝒎/𝒔

∆𝒗 𝒗𝒇 −𝒗𝒊
4. 𝒂
̅= =
𝒗𝒕 𝒕𝒇 −𝒕𝒊

𝒅𝒓
⃗ =
𝒗 = (𝟒𝒕)𝒊̂ + (𝟗𝒕𝟐 + 𝟐)𝒋̂
𝒅𝒕

𝒗(𝟏) = (𝟒(𝟏))𝒊̂ + (𝟗(𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟐)𝒋̂

𝒗(𝟏) = (𝟒𝒊̂ + 𝟏𝟏𝒋̂) 𝒎/𝒔

𝒗(𝟑) = (𝟒(𝟑))𝒊̂ + (𝟗(𝟑)𝟐 + 𝟐)𝒋̂

𝒗(𝟑) = (𝟏𝟐𝒊̂ + 𝟖𝟑𝒋̂) 𝒎/𝒔

⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝒗𝒇 − ⃗⃗⃗
𝒗𝒊 (𝟏𝟐𝒊̂ + 𝟖𝟑𝒋̂) − (𝟒𝒊̂ + 𝟏𝟏𝒋̂)
⃗ =
𝒂 =
𝒕𝒇 − 𝒕𝒊 𝟑−𝟏

𝟖𝒊̂ + 𝟕𝟐𝒋̂
⃗ =
𝒂 = (𝟒𝒊̂ + 𝟑𝟔𝒋̂) 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
𝟐
𝒅𝒗
5. 𝒂 =
𝒅𝒕

𝒂 = (𝟒)𝒊̂ + (𝟏𝟖𝒕)𝒋̂

𝒂(𝟑) = (𝟒)𝒊̂ + (𝟏𝟖(𝟑))𝒋̂

𝒂(𝟑) = (𝟒𝒊̂ + 𝟓𝟒𝒋̂) 𝒎/𝒔𝟐

Ex : The position vector of a particle given by 𝒓 ̂.

⃗ (𝒕) = 𝟗. 𝟔𝒕 𝒊̂ + 𝟖. 𝟖𝟓 𝒋̂ − 𝒕𝟐 𝒌
Find :

1. 𝒗(𝒕) and 𝒂(𝒕)

2. Average velocity between 𝒕 = 𝟏 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒕 = 𝟑 𝒔𝒆𝒄

3. Average speed at 𝒕 = 𝟏 𝒔𝒆𝒄

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Answer :
𝒅𝒓
1. 𝒗(𝒕) = ̂
= 𝟗. 𝟔 𝒊̂ − 𝟐𝒕 𝒌
𝒅𝒕

̂ 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
𝒂(𝒕) = −𝟐 𝒌
∆𝒓
2. 𝒗
̅=
∆𝒕

⃗ (𝟑) − 𝒓
𝒓 ⃗ (𝟏)
̅=
𝒗
𝟑−𝟏
̂
⃗ (𝟑) = 𝟗. 𝟔(𝟑)𝒊̂ + 𝟖. 𝟖𝟓 𝒋̂ − (𝟑)𝟐 𝒌
𝒓

̂ 𝒎
⃗𝒓(𝟑) = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟖 𝒊̂ + 𝟖. 𝟖𝟓 𝒋̂ − 𝟗 𝒌

̂
⃗ (𝟏) = 𝟗. 𝟔(𝟏)𝒊̂ + 𝟖. 𝟖𝟓 𝒋̂ − (𝟏)𝟐 𝒌
𝒓

̂ 𝒎
⃗ (𝟏) = 𝟗. 𝟔 𝒊̂ + 𝟖. 𝟖𝟓 𝒋̂ − 𝒌
𝒓

̂ ) − (𝟗. 𝟔 𝒊̂ + 𝟖. 𝟖𝟓 𝒋̂ − 𝒌
(𝟐𝟖. 𝟖 𝒊̂ + 𝟖. 𝟖𝟓 𝒋̂ − 𝟗 𝒌 ̂)
̅=
𝒗
𝟐
̂ 𝒎/𝒔
̅ = 𝟗. 𝟔 𝒊̂ − 𝟒 𝒌
𝒗

3. 𝒗(𝒕) = 𝟗. 𝟔 𝒊̂ − 𝟐𝒕 𝒌
̂

̂
𝒗(𝟏) = 𝟗. 𝟔 𝒊̂ − 𝟐(𝟏) 𝒌

̂
𝒗(𝟏) = 𝟗. 𝟔 𝒊̂ − 𝟐 𝒌

𝑨𝒗𝒆. 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = |𝒗| = √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐

|𝒗| = √(𝟗. 𝟔)𝟐 + (𝟎)𝟐 +(−𝟐)𝟐

|𝒗| = 𝟗. 𝟖 𝒎/𝒔

Ex : A man walks at rest east at 3 m/s for 10 sec and then north at 2
m/s for 20 sec. Find :

1. The Average velocity

2. The Average velocity magnitude

3. The Average speed

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Answer :
⃗⃗⃗⃗
∆𝒓 ⃗ 𝒇 −𝒓
𝒓 ⃗𝒊
1. 𝒗
̅= =
∆𝒕 ∆𝒕

(𝟑𝟎𝒊̂ + 𝟒𝟎𝒋̂) − 𝟎
̅=
𝒗
𝟑𝟎
𝟒
̅ = 𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ 𝒎/𝒔
𝒗
𝟑

𝟒 𝟐
2. |𝒗
̅| = √(𝟏)𝟐 + ( ) = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟕 𝒎/𝒔
𝟑

𝟕𝟎
3. 𝑨𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟒 𝒎/𝒔
𝟑𝟎

Ex : An airplane move at 100 m/s east turned north in 10 sec and

continued at the same speed. find the average acceleration.

Answer :
𝒗𝒇 − 𝒗𝒊
̅=
𝒂
∆𝒕
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒋̂ − 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒊̂
̅=
𝒂
𝟏𝟎
̅ = 𝟏𝟎𝒋̂ − 𝟏𝟎𝒊̂ 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
𝒂

Ex : An airplane move at 100 m/s east, then it moves against with a speed
100 m/s in 10 sec. Find the average acceleration . 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒎/𝒔

Answer :
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒎/𝒔
−𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒊̂ − 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒊̂
̅=
𝒂
𝟏𝟎
−𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒊̂
̅=
𝒂 = −𝟐𝟎𝒊̂ 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
𝟏𝟎

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4.3 Two-dimensional motion with constant acceleration

The kinematics equations can be written in two dimension as :

: ‫معادالت الحركة في إتجاهين يمكن كتابتهم كما يلي‬

1. 𝒗𝒇 = 𝒗𝒊 + 𝒂𝒕

𝒗𝒇𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊𝒙 + 𝒂𝒙 𝒕

𝒗𝒇𝒚 = 𝒗𝒊𝒚 + 𝒂𝒚 𝒕
𝟏
2. ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗ 𝒊 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒕𝟐
∆𝒓 = 𝒗
𝟐

𝟏
∆𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊𝒙 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒙 𝒕𝟐
𝟐
𝟏
∆𝒚 = 𝒗𝒊𝒚 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒚 𝒕𝟐
𝟐

3. 𝒗𝒇 𝟐 = 𝒗𝒊 𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂∆𝒓

Ex : At 𝒕 = 𝟎 a particle start from rest at 𝒙 = 𝟎 , 𝒚 = 𝟎 and move in xy

plane with an acceleration (𝒂
⃗ = 𝟒𝒊̂ + 𝟑𝒋̂ 𝒎/𝒔𝟐 ) 𝒂𝒕 𝒕 = 𝟐 𝒔𝒆𝒄. Find :

1. final velocity ‫ الموجودة في‬start from rest ‫نستدل من‬

: ‫السؤال أن‬
2. Average speed
𝒗𝒊𝒙 = 𝟎
3. The position
𝒗𝒊𝒚 = 𝟎
Answer :

1. 𝒗𝒇𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊𝒙 + 𝒂𝒙 𝒕

𝒗𝒇𝒙 = 𝟎 + (𝟒 ∗ 𝟐) = 𝟖 𝒎/𝒔

𝒗𝒇𝒚 = 𝒗𝒊𝒚 + 𝒂𝒚 𝒕

𝒗𝒇𝒚 = 𝟎 + (𝟑 ∗ 𝟐) = 𝟔 𝒎/𝒔

⃗ = 𝒗𝒙 𝒊 + 𝒗𝒚 𝒋 = 𝟖𝒊̂ + 𝟔𝒋̂ 𝒎/𝒔

𝒗

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2. |𝒗
⃗ | = √𝒗𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒗𝒚 𝟐

⃗ | = √(𝟖)𝟐 + (𝟔)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒎/𝒔

|𝒗
𝟏
3. 𝒓 ⃗ 𝒊 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒕𝟐
⃗ (𝒕) = 𝒗
𝟐

𝟏
⃗ (𝒕) = 𝟎 + (𝟒𝒊̂ + 𝟑𝒋̂)(𝟐)𝟐
𝒓
𝟐
⃗ (𝒕) = 𝟖𝒊̂ + 𝟔𝒋̂ 𝒎
𝒓

Ex : At (𝒕 = 𝟎) a particle moving in the xy plane with constant acceleration

has a velocity of (𝒗
⃗ 𝒊 = 𝟒𝒊̂ − 𝟐𝒋̂) m/s, When it is at the origin, at (𝒕 = 𝟑 𝒔)
the particles velocity is (𝒗
⃗ 𝒇 = 𝟏𝟎𝒊̂ + 𝟕𝒋̂) 𝒎/𝒔 :

1. Find the acceleration of the particle

2. Find its position vector at any time t and the component of the position
vector

3. Find the velocity and the speed at (𝒕 = 𝟓 𝒔)

Answer :

1. 𝒗
⃗𝒇=𝒗
⃗ 𝒊+𝒂
⃗𝒕

(𝟏𝟎𝒊̂ + 𝟕𝒋̂) = (𝟒𝒊̂ − 𝟐𝒋̂) + 𝟑𝒂

⃗
𝟔𝒊̂ + 𝟗𝒋̂
⃗ =
𝒂 = (𝟐𝒊̂ + 𝟑𝒋̂) 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
𝟑
𝟏
2. ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗ 𝒊𝒕 + 𝒂
∆𝒓 = 𝒗 ⃗ 𝒕𝟐
𝟐

𝟏
⃗ 𝒇 − 𝟎 = (𝟒𝒊̂ − 𝟐𝒋̂)𝒕 + (𝟐𝒊̂ + 𝟑𝒋̂)𝒕𝟐
𝒓
𝟐
𝒓𝒇 = 𝟒𝒕 𝒊̂ − 𝟐𝒕 𝒋̂ + 𝟏𝒕𝟐 𝒊̂ + 𝟏. 𝟓𝒕𝟐 𝒋̂
‫ لحال‬J ‫ والـ‬،،،، ‫ لحال‬i ‫هون بنوخد الـ‬
𝒙𝒇 = (𝟒𝒕 + 𝒕𝟐 ) 𝒎 x ‫ هي قيمة الـ‬i ‫الـ‬

𝒚𝒇 = (−𝟐𝒕 + 𝟏. 𝟓𝒕𝟐 ) 𝒎 y ‫ هي قيمة الـ‬J ‫الـ‬

3. 𝒗
⃗𝒇=𝒗
⃗ 𝒊+𝒂
⃗𝒕
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⃗ 𝒇 = (𝟒𝒊̂ − 𝟐𝒋̂) + (𝟐𝒊̂ + 𝟑𝒋̂)(𝟓)
𝒗

⃗ 𝒇 = (𝟏𝟒𝒊̂ + 𝟏𝟑𝒋̂) 𝒎/𝒔

𝒗

⃗ | = √𝒗𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒗𝒚 𝟐
|𝒗

⃗ | = √(𝟏𝟒)𝟐 + (𝟏𝟑)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟏 𝒎/𝒔

|𝒗

Ex : A particle starts moving with an acceleration of (𝟑𝒋̂) 𝒎/𝒔𝟐 , And initial

velocity of (𝟓𝒊̂) 𝒎/𝒔. Find :

1. The particle velocity and position after (𝟐 𝒔𝒆𝒄)

2. The particle speed at (𝒕 = 𝟑 𝒔𝒆𝒄)

Answer :

1. ⃗𝒗𝒇 = ⃗𝒗𝒊 + ⃗𝒂𝒕

⃗ 𝒇 = 𝟓𝒊̂ + (𝟑𝒋̂)𝟐
𝒗

⃗ 𝒇 = (𝟓𝒊̂ + 𝟔𝒋̂) 𝒎/𝒔

𝒗

𝟏 𝟐
⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗ 𝒊𝒕 +
∆𝒓 = 𝒗 ⃗𝒕
𝒂
𝟐
𝟏
⃗⃗⃗⃗
∆𝒓 = (𝟓𝒊̂)𝟐 + (𝟑𝒋̂)(𝟐)𝟐
𝟐
⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (𝟏𝟎𝒊̂ + 𝟔𝒋̂) 𝒎
∆𝒓

2. 𝒗
⃗𝒇=𝒗
⃗ 𝒊+𝒂
⃗𝒕

⃗ 𝒇 = 𝟓𝒊̂ + (𝟑𝒋̂)𝟑
𝒗

⃗ 𝒇 = (𝟓𝒊̂ + 𝟗𝒋̂) 𝒎/𝒔

𝒗

𝑨𝒗𝒆. 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = |𝒗| = √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐

|𝒗| = √(𝟓)𝟐 + (𝟗)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟑 𝒎/𝒔

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4.4 Projectile Motion

Let a particle fired as a projectile with an angle (𝜽) with a horizontal and
an initial speed of as shown in the figure :

In the X-Direction : In the Y-Direction :

𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎 𝒂𝒚 = −𝒈

𝒗𝒇𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊𝒙 = 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒗𝒊𝒚 = 𝒗𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽

𝒗𝒊𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝒗𝒇𝒚 = 𝒗𝒊𝒚 − 𝒈𝒕

∆𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊𝒙 ∗ 𝒕 𝒗𝒇𝒚 = 𝒗𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 − 𝒈𝒕

∆𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 ∗ 𝒕 𝟏
∆𝒚 = (𝒗𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽)𝒕 − 𝒈𝒕𝟐
𝟐

Maximum Height (H) :

𝒗𝒇 𝟐 = 𝒗𝒊 𝟐 − 𝟐𝒈∆𝒚

𝒗𝒇 𝟐 = 𝒗𝒊 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 − 𝟐𝒈∆𝒚

𝟎 = 𝒗𝒊 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 − 𝟐𝒈𝑯

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𝒗𝒊 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽
𝑯=
𝟐𝒈
𝒗𝒊 𝟐
𝑰𝒇 𝜽 = 𝟗𝟎° → 𝑯 =
𝟐𝒈

𝒗𝒊 𝒚
𝒕𝒎𝒂𝒙 = ‫الزمن الالزم للوصول إلى أقصى إرتفاع‬
𝒈

Horizontal Range (R) :

𝒗𝒊 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟐𝜽)
𝑹=
𝒈

Ex : If the horizontal range equal triple the maximum height. Find the
angle (𝜽).

Answer :

𝑹 = 𝟑𝑯
𝒗𝒊 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟐𝜽) 𝒗𝒊 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 : ‫هاي المتطابقة مهمة كثير خليها ببالك‬
= 𝟑( )
𝒈 𝟐𝒈
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝜽 = 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
𝟑 𝟐
𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝟐

𝟑
𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝟐
𝟒
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 =
𝟑
𝜽 = 𝟓𝟑 °

Ex : If a jumper reach (𝟖. 𝟓 𝒎) horizontally, and he leaves the ground with

an angle of (𝟐𝟎°). Find the maximum height.

Answer :
𝒗𝒊 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟐𝜽)
𝑹=
𝒈

𝒗𝒊 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟐 ∗ 𝟐𝟎°)
𝟖. 𝟓 =
𝟏𝟎

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(𝟖. 𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎)
𝒗𝒊 = √ = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟓 𝒎/𝒔
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟒𝟎°

𝒗𝒊 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽
𝑯=
𝟐𝒈

(𝟏𝟏. 𝟓)𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 (𝟐𝟎)

𝑯=
𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎
𝑯 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟒 𝒎

Ex : A ball is thrown from ground into air with initial velocity 50 m/s at
𝟑𝟕° to horizontal. Find the total time the ball into air and the total
horizontal distance .

Answer :

𝒗𝒊𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = 𝟓𝟎 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟖 = 𝟒𝟎 𝒎/𝒔

𝒗𝒊𝒚 = 𝒗𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 = 𝟓𝟎 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟔 = 𝟑𝟎 𝒎/𝒔

𝒗𝒊 = 𝟒𝟎𝒊̂ + 𝟑𝟎𝒋̂ 𝒎/𝒔

𝟏
𝒚𝒇 = 𝒚𝒊 + (𝒗𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽)𝒕 − 𝒈𝒕𝟐
𝟐
𝟏
𝟎 = 𝟎 + 𝟑𝟎 ∗ 𝒕 − ∗ 𝟏𝟎 ∗ 𝒕𝟐
𝟐
𝒕(𝟑𝟎 − 𝟓𝒕) = 𝟎
𝟑𝟎
𝒕=𝟎 × , 𝒕= = 𝟔 𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝟓
∆𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 ∗ 𝒕

∆𝒙 = 𝟒𝟎 ∗ 𝟔 = 𝟐𝟒𝟎 𝒎

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Ex : A stone is thrown from the top of building with an angle (𝟑𝟎°) with
the horizontal and initial velocity of 20 m/s, If the building is 45m. Find :
1. How Long is the stone in flight

2. Where does the stone hit the ground ?

3. What is the velocity of the stone just before hits the ground ?

Answer :
𝟏
1. ∆𝒚 = (𝒗𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽)𝒕 − 𝒈𝒕𝟐
𝟐

𝟏
𝟎 − 𝟒𝟓 = (𝟐𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝟎°)𝒕 − ∗ 𝟏𝟎 ∗ 𝒕𝟐
𝟐
𝒕𝟐 − 𝟐𝒕 − 𝟗 = 𝟎

: ‫هسا بنحلل المعادلة التربيعية بإستخدام القانون العام‬

−𝒃 ± √𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄
𝒕=
𝟐𝒂

−(−𝟐) ± √(−𝟐)𝟐 − 𝟒(𝟏)(−𝟗) 𝟐 ± √𝟒 + 𝟑𝟔

𝒕= =
𝟐(𝟏) 𝟐

𝟐 + √𝟒𝟎
𝒕= = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟔 𝒔
𝟐
𝟐−√𝟒𝟎 ‫دائما نأخذ القيمة الموجبة ونهمل القيمة السالبة‬
𝒕= = −𝟐. 𝟏𝟔 𝒔 ×
𝟐

𝑺𝒐 𝒕 = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟔 𝒔

2. ∆𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊𝒙 𝒕

∆𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 ∗ 𝒕

∆𝒙 = (𝟐𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝟎°) ∗ 𝟒. 𝟏𝟔

∆𝒙 = 𝟕𝟐. 𝟏 𝒎

3. 𝒗𝒊𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = 𝟐𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝟎° = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟑 𝒎/𝒔

𝒗𝒊𝒚 = 𝒗𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 = 𝟐𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝟎° = 𝟏𝟎 𝒎/𝒔

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𝒗𝒊𝒙 𝒊𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒈𝒉 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒍𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕

𝒗𝒇𝒚 = 𝒗𝒊𝒚 − 𝒈𝒕

𝒗𝒇𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎 ∗ 𝟒. 𝟏𝟔 = −𝟑𝟏. 𝟔 𝒎/𝒔

⃗ = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟑𝒊̂ − 𝟑𝟏. 𝟔𝒋̂ 𝒎/𝒔

𝒗

|𝒗| = √(𝟏𝟕. 𝟑)𝟐 + (𝟑𝟏. 𝟔)𝟐

|𝒗| = 𝟑𝟔 𝒎/𝒔

Ex : A ball is thrown from the ground to a building of (𝟒𝟖 𝒎) away. At

what height the ball hits the building if its initial velocity is (𝟑𝟎 𝒎/𝒔), and
the angle of projectile is (𝟑𝟕°) ?

Answer :

∆𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊𝒙 𝒕

∆𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 ∗ 𝒕

𝟒𝟖 = 𝟑𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝟕° ∗ 𝒕

𝒕 = 𝟐 𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝟏
∆𝒚 = (𝒗𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽)𝒕 − 𝒈𝒕𝟐
𝟐
𝟏
∆𝒚 = (𝟑𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝟕°)𝟐 − (𝟏𝟎)(𝟐)𝟐
𝟐
∆𝒚 = 𝟏𝟔 𝒎

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Ex : A stone is thrown horizontally from the top of a (𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒎) building, with
an initial velocity of (𝟑𝟎 𝒎/𝒔). What is the height of the stone at (𝟔𝟎 𝒎)
distances from the building ?

Answer :
‫ ( أفقيا ) نستدل انو‬Horizontally ‫من كلمة‬
𝒗𝒊𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = 𝟑𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟎 = 𝟑𝟎 𝒎/𝒔
𝜽=𝟎
𝒗𝒊𝒚 = 𝒗𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 = 𝟑𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟎 = 𝟎 𝒎/𝒔

∆𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊𝒙 𝒕

𝟔𝟎 = 𝟑𝟎 ∗ 𝒕

𝒕 = 𝟐 𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝟏
∆𝒚 = 𝒗𝒊𝒚 𝒕 − 𝒈𝒕𝟐
𝟐
𝟏
𝒚𝒇 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟎 − (𝟏𝟎)(𝟐)𝟐
𝟐
𝒚𝒇 = 𝟖𝟎 𝒎

Ex : A ball is thrown horizontally from the top of the building as shown in

the figure. Where 𝒉 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒎 and 𝒙 = 𝟔𝟓 𝒎. What is the initial velocity of
the ball ? 𝒗𝒊

𝒉
𝒙
Answer :
𝟏
∆𝒚 = 𝒗𝒊𝒚 𝒕 − 𝒈𝒕𝟐
𝟐
𝟏
𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟎 − ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝒕𝟐
𝟐
𝒕𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎 → 𝒕 = 𝟒. 𝟓 𝒔𝒆𝒄

∆𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊𝒙 𝒕

𝟔𝟓 = 𝒗𝒊𝒙 ∗ 𝟒. 𝟓

𝒗𝒊𝒙 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟓 𝒎/𝒔

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Ex : A ball is thrown from the top of the building as shown in the figure.
Where 𝒗𝒊 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟐 𝒎/𝒔, 𝒙 = 𝟐𝟓 𝒎 and 𝜽 = 𝟓𝟑°. How tall is the building ?
𝜽
𝒗𝒊

𝒉
Answer :
𝒙
∆𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊𝒙 𝒕

𝒗𝒊𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽

𝒗𝒊𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟐 ∗ 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟓𝟑° = 𝟕. 𝟑𝟒 𝒊 𝒎/𝒔

𝟐𝟓 = 𝟕. 𝟑𝟐 ∗ 𝒕

𝒕 = 𝟑. 𝟒 𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝟏 𝟐
∆𝒚 = 𝒗𝒚𝒊 𝒕 − 𝒈𝒕
𝟐
𝒗𝒊𝒚 = 𝒗𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽

𝒗𝒊𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟓𝟑° = 𝟗. 𝟕𝟒𝒋 𝒎/𝒔

𝟏
𝟎 − 𝒚𝒊 = 𝟗. 𝟕𝟔(𝟑. 𝟒𝟐) − ∗ 𝟏𝟎(𝟑. 𝟒𝟐)𝟐
𝟐
𝒚𝒊 = 𝟐𝟓 𝒎

Ex : A particle starts from the origin at 𝒕 = 𝟎 with a velocity of (𝟏𝟔𝒊̂ − 𝟏𝟐𝒋̂)

m/s and moves in the xy plane with a constant acceleration 𝒂
⃗ = (𝟑𝒊̂ − 𝟔𝒋̂)𝒎/
𝒔𝟐 . What is the speed of the particle at time 𝒕 = 𝟑. 𝟎 𝒔 ?

Answer :

𝒗𝒇 = 𝒗𝒊 + 𝒂𝒕

𝒗𝒇 = (𝟏𝟔𝒊̂ − 𝟏𝟐𝒋̂) + (𝟑𝒊̂ − 𝟔𝒋̂) ∗ 𝟑

𝒗𝒇 = 𝟏𝟔𝒊̂ − 𝟏𝟐𝒋̂ + 𝟗𝒊̂ − 𝟏𝟖𝒋̂

𝒗𝒇 = 𝟐𝟓𝒊̂ − 𝟑𝟎𝒋̂

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|𝒗𝒇 | = √𝟔𝟐𝟓 + 𝟗𝟎𝟎

𝒗𝒇 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟏 𝒎/𝒔

4.5 particle in uniform circular motion

A particle moving in a circle of radius r with constant speed (𝒗) is in
uniform circular motion. It undergoes a radial acceleration (𝒂𝒓 ), because
the direction of (𝒗) changes in time. The magnitude of (𝒂𝒓 ) is the
centripetal acceleration 𝒂𝒓 ∶

𝒗𝟐
𝒂𝒓 =
𝒓
𝒗 ∶ 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚

𝒓 ∶ 𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒔

* The direction is always toward the center of the circle

* Period (T), is defined as the time required for one complete revolution.
In the time interval (T) the particle moves a distance of 𝟐𝝅𝒓, Which is
equal to the circumference of the particles circular path, then :

𝟐𝝅𝒓
𝑻=
𝒗
𝟏
𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 (𝒇) =
𝑻
𝟏
𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 𝒊𝒔 = 𝑯𝒛
𝒔𝒆𝒄

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* If particle moves along a curved path in such a way that both the
magnitude and the direction of change in time, then the particle has an
acceleration vector that can be described by two component vectors :

A. A radial component vector (𝒂𝒓 ) that arises from the change in direction
𝒗

B. A tangential component vector (𝒂𝒕 ) that causes the change in magnitude

of 𝒗

𝒅𝒗
𝒂𝒕 =
𝒅𝒕

* The magnitude of the acceleration :

𝒂 = √(𝒂𝒓 )𝟐 + (𝒂𝒕 )𝟐

𝒂𝒕
𝒓

𝒂𝒓
𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓

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Ex : A tire 0.5 m in radius is rotating at constant rate 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒓𝒆𝒗/𝒎𝒊𝒏. Find
the velocity and the centripetal acceleration of small stone lodged the
tread of the tire .

Answer :
: ‫ نستدل دائما أن‬constant ‫من كلمة‬
𝒂𝒕 = 𝟎
𝒂𝒕 = 𝟎
𝒇 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒓𝒆𝒗/𝒎𝒊𝒏
𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒓𝒆𝒗
𝒇= = 𝟑. 𝟑𝟒 𝒓𝒆𝒗/𝒔
𝟔𝟎 𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝟏 𝟏
𝑻= =
𝒇 𝟑. 𝟑𝟒

𝑻 = 𝟎. 𝟑 𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝟐𝝅𝒓
𝒗=
𝑻
𝟐(𝟑. 𝟏𝟒)(𝟎. 𝟓)
𝒗=
𝟎. 𝟑
𝒗 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎/𝒔

𝒗𝟐
𝒂𝒓 =
𝒓
(𝟏𝟎. 𝟓)𝟐
𝒂𝒓 = = 𝟐𝟐𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
𝟎. 𝟓

Ex : In the figure, if the radius 𝒓 = 𝟐. 𝟓 𝒎 . At this instant Find :

1. The centripetal acceleration

𝒂 = 𝟏𝟓 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
2. The velocity

3. The tangential acceleration 𝒓 𝟑𝟎°

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Answer :

1. 𝒂𝒓 = 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝟎°
𝒂 = 𝟏𝟓 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
𝒂𝒓 = 𝟏𝟓(𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟔) = 𝟏𝟑 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
𝒂𝒓
2. 𝒗 = √𝒓 ∗ 𝒂𝒓 𝒓 𝟑𝟎° 𝒂𝒕

𝒗 = √𝟐. 𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟓. 𝟕 𝒎/𝒔

𝒂𝒕 = 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝟎°

𝒂𝒕 = 𝟏𝟓(𝟎. 𝟓) = 𝟕. 𝟓 𝒎/𝒔𝟐

𝑶𝑹 𝒂𝒕 = √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝒓 𝟐

𝒂𝒕 = √(𝟏𝟓)𝟐 − (𝟏𝟑)𝟐 = 𝟕. 𝟓 𝒎/𝒔𝟐

Ex : An object moven in a circle of diameter 𝒅 = 𝟐 𝒎, according to 𝒗(𝒕) =

𝒕𝟐 . Find its acceleration at 𝒕 = 𝟐𝒔𝒆𝒄.

Answer :

𝒂(𝟐) = √(𝒂𝒓 )𝟐 + (𝒂𝒕 )𝟐

𝒅𝒗
𝒂𝒕 = = 𝟐𝒕
𝒅𝒕

𝒂𝒕(𝟐) = 𝟐(𝟐) = 𝟒 𝒎/𝒔𝟐

𝒅 𝟐
𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒔 = 𝒓 = = =𝟏𝒎
𝟐 𝟐
𝒗𝟐
𝒂𝒓 =
𝒓
𝒗(𝟐) = (𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟒 𝒎/𝒔

(𝟒)𝟐
𝒂𝒓 = = 𝟏𝟔 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
𝟏

𝒂 = √(𝟒)𝟐 + (𝟏𝟔)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟓 𝒎/𝒔𝟐

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Ex : An object is moving uniformly on a circle of radius 2m. If the particle
needs two seconds to complete one revolution, Find its acceleration in m/s2

Answer :

𝒗𝟐
𝒂𝒓 =
𝒓
𝟐𝝅𝒓 𝟐(𝟑. 𝟏𝟒)(𝟐)
𝒗= =
𝑻 𝟐
𝒗 = 𝟔. 𝟐𝟖 𝒎/𝒔

(𝟔. 𝟐𝟖)𝟐
𝒂𝒓 = = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟕 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
𝟐

‫أطلب المكمل‬

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Chapter review
4.1 The displacement
𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 = 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 − 𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

⃗⃗⃗⃗𝒇 − ⃗⃗⃗
∆𝒓 = 𝒓 𝒓𝒊

∆𝒓 = (𝒙𝒇 𝒊̂ + 𝒚𝒇 𝒋̂) − (𝒙𝒊 𝒊̂ + 𝒚𝒊 𝒋̂)

∆𝒓 = (𝒙𝒇 𝒊̂ − 𝒙𝒊 𝒊̂) + (𝒚𝒇 𝒋̂ − 𝒚𝒊 𝒋̂)

∆𝒓 = (𝒙𝒇 − 𝒙𝒊 )𝒊̂ + (𝒚𝒇 − 𝒚𝒊 )𝒋̂

⃗⃗⃗⃗
∆𝒓 = ∆𝒙𝒊̂ + ∆𝒚𝒋̂

4.2 Velocity and acceleration vectors

⃗⃗⃗⃗
∆𝒓
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =
𝑨𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 = ∆𝒗
∆𝒕
∆𝒙𝒊̂ + ∆𝒚𝒋̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =
∆𝒗
∆𝒕
∆𝒙 ∆𝒚
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =
∆𝒗 𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂
∆𝒕 ∆𝒕
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝒗𝒙 𝒊̂ + 𝒗𝒚 𝒋̂
∆𝒗

𝒅𝒓 𝒅
𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒆𝒐𝒖𝒔 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 = = (𝒙𝒊̂ + 𝒚𝒋̂)
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒚
𝑰𝒏𝒔𝒕. 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 = 𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕

𝑰𝒏𝒔𝒕. 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 = 𝒗𝒙 𝒊𝒏𝒔 𝒊̂ + 𝒗𝒚 𝒊𝒏𝒔 𝒋̂

𝑰𝒏𝒔𝒕. 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = |𝑰𝒏𝒔𝒕. 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚|

𝟐
𝑰𝒏𝒔𝒕. 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = √(𝒗𝒙 𝒊𝒏𝒔)𝟐 + (𝒗𝒚 𝒊𝒏𝒔)

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Average acceleration
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
∆𝒗 ∆𝒗𝒙 𝒊̂ + ∆𝒗𝒚 𝒋̂
𝑨𝒗𝒆. 𝑨𝒄𝒄 = =
∆𝒕 ∆𝒕
∆𝒗𝒙 ∆𝒗𝒚
𝑨𝒗𝒆. 𝑨𝒄𝒄 = 𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂
∆𝒕 ∆𝒕
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
∆𝒂 = 𝒂𝒙 𝒊̂ + 𝒂𝒚 𝒋̂

𝒅𝒗 𝒅𝒗𝒙 𝒅𝒗𝒚
𝑰𝒏𝒔𝒕. 𝑨𝒄𝒄 = = 𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕
𝑰𝒏𝒔𝒕. 𝑨𝒄𝒄 = 𝒂𝒙 𝒊𝒏𝒔 𝒊̂ + 𝒂𝒚 𝒊𝒏𝒔 𝒋̂

4.3 Two-dimensional motion with constant acceleration

The kinematics equations can be written in two dimension as :

: ‫معادالت الحركة في إتجاهين يمكن كتابتهم كما يلي‬

1. 𝒗𝒇 = 𝒗𝒊 + 𝒂𝒕

𝒗𝒇𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊𝒙 + 𝒂𝒙 𝒕

𝒗𝒇𝒚 = 𝒗𝒊𝒚 + 𝒂𝒚 𝒕
: ‫ أن‬start from rest ‫نستدل من‬
𝟏
2. ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗ 𝒊 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒕𝟐
∆𝒓 = 𝒗 𝒗𝒊𝒙 = 𝟎
𝟐

𝟏 𝒗𝒊𝒚 = 𝟎
∆𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊𝒙 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒙 𝒕𝟐
𝟐
𝟏
∆𝒚 = 𝒗𝒊𝒚 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒚 𝒕𝟐
𝟐
3. 𝒗𝒇 𝟐 = 𝒗𝒊 𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂∆𝒓

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4.4 Projectile Motion

In the X-Direction : In the Y-Direction :

𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎 𝒂𝒚 = −𝒈

𝒗𝒇𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊𝒙 = 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒗𝒊𝒚 = 𝒗𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽

𝒗𝒊𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝒗𝒇𝒚 = 𝒗𝒊𝒚 − 𝒈𝒕

∆𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊𝒙 ∗ 𝒕 𝒗𝒇𝒚 = 𝒗𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 − 𝒈𝒕

∆𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 ∗ 𝒕 𝟏
∆𝒚 = (𝒗𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽)𝒕 − 𝒈𝒕𝟐
𝟐

Maximum Height (H) :

𝒗𝒊 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽
𝑯=
𝟐𝒈

Horizontal Range (R) : ‫ ( أفقيا ) نستدل انو‬Horizontally ‫من كلمة‬

𝜽=𝟎
𝒗𝒊 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟐𝜽)
𝑹=
𝒈

4.5 particle in uniform circular motion

The centripetal acceleration 𝒂𝒓 ∶
𝒗𝟐
𝒂𝒓 =
𝒓
The tangential acceleration is :

𝒗 ∶ 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒅𝒗
𝒂𝒕 =
𝒅𝒕
𝒓 ∶ 𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒔
* The magnitude of the acceleration :
𝟐𝝅𝒓
𝑻=
𝒗 𝒂 = √(𝒂𝒓 )𝟐 + (𝒂𝒕 )𝟐
𝟏
𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 (𝒇) =
𝑻
: ‫ نستدل دائما أن‬constant ‫من كلمة‬

𝒂𝒕 = 𝟎

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‫‪Laws review‬‬
‫⃗⃗⃗⃗‬
‫̂𝒋𝒚∆ ‪∆𝒓 = ∆𝒙𝒊̂ +‬‬

‫̂𝒋 𝒚𝒗 ‪⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝒗𝒙 𝒊̂ +‬‬

‫𝒗∆‬

‫𝒕 𝒙𝒂 ‪𝒗𝒇𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊𝒙 +‬‬

‫𝒕 𝒚𝒂 ‪𝒗𝒇𝒚 = 𝒗𝒊𝒚 +‬‬

‫𝟏‬
‫𝟐𝒕 𝒙𝒂 ‪∆𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊𝒙 𝒕 +‬‬
‫𝟐‬
‫𝟏‬
‫𝟐𝒕 𝒚𝒂 ‪∆𝒚 = 𝒗𝒊𝒚 𝒕 +‬‬
‫𝟐‬
‫𝒓∆𝒂𝟐 ‪𝒗𝒇 𝟐 = 𝒗𝒊 𝟐 +‬‬

‫𝜽 𝒔𝒐𝒄 𝒊𝒗 = 𝒙𝒊𝒗‬

‫𝜽 𝒏𝒊𝒔 𝒊𝒗 = 𝒚𝒊𝒗‬

‫𝒕 ∗ 𝜽 𝒔𝒐𝒄 𝒊𝒗 = 𝒙∆‬
‫𝟏‬
‫𝟐𝒕𝒈 ‪∆𝒚 = (𝒗𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽)𝒕 −‬‬
‫𝟐‬
‫𝜽 𝟐𝒏𝒊𝒔 𝟐 𝒊𝒗‬
‫=𝑯‬
‫𝒈𝟐‬

‫)𝜽𝟐(𝒏𝒊𝒔 𝟐 𝒊𝒗‬
‫=𝑹‬
‫𝒈‬

‫𝟐𝒗‬
‫= 𝒓𝒂‬
‫𝒓‬
‫𝒓𝝅𝟐‬
‫=𝑻‬
‫𝒗‬
‫𝟏‬
‫= )𝒇( 𝒚𝒄𝒏𝒆𝒖𝒒𝒆𝒓𝒇‬
‫𝑻‬
‫𝒗𝒅‬
‫= 𝒕𝒂‬
‫𝒕𝒅‬

‫𝟐) 𝒕𝒂( ‪𝒂 = √(𝒂𝒓 )𝟐 +‬‬

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