COLLEGE OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND

ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN PLANNING &

DEVELOPMENT

ADVANCED PLANNING THEORY ASSIGNMENT ONE

BY: CHALA HAMBISA KUFETA

ID ECSU2201844

YEAR II SEMISTER I SECTION II

Submitted to: - Dr.Daniel Lirebo

NOVEMBER, 2023
ADDIS ABABA
CONCEPT OF URBAN PLANNING
Urban planning is the process of designing and organizing the physical layout of cities,
towns, and other urban areas. It involves making decisions about land use,
infrastructure, transportation systems, public spaces, and housing to ensure the
sustainable development of urban invironment.
The primery goals of urban planning is to create livable, well functioning citeies that
meet the needs of their residents. Urban planners work to create land use plans that
allocate deffirent areas for residential ,commertial, industrial, and plic use.

Based on Scale | Urban planning Concepts

Regional planning – Regional planning implies a strategic overview of how to deal with urban
issues at
a larger scale, sometimes a national scale. This can include various management and
development tools
such as resource management and development. Regional planning includes and is not limited
to environmental and socio-economic planning. Regional plans and policies have been
implemented
since ancient civilizations. Some of the popular examples are regional planning of Greater
London,
Paris and New York. These cities have benefited from their corresponding regional plans.
City planning – City planning is narrower than regional planning. City planning inculcates the
policies
of the region and focuses on the quality of life in a bordered city. Usually, a small city (also
known
as a town) is managed by a single entity and a big city is managed by a group of entities,
commonly
known as municipalities. These entities or municipalities are further divided into departments that
oversee various developments in the city. For example, the department of waste management
supervises waste collection and disposal in a city.
Neighbourhood planning – The exact definition of a neighbourhood is still not definitive.

While some cities do have neighbourhoods with boundaries, other cities call the municipality area
a neighbourhood. The dynamic nature of neighbourhoods also makes it difficult to define them.
Recently,

the concept of neighbourhood planning is taking tread, when people realized the importance of
communities and neighbourhoods. While the neighbourhood is a common word for Asian
countries and the global South, the Europeans term it blocks planning because a block is the
smallest development.
 Urban planning
is the process of developing and designing urban areas to meet the needs of a community. The
practice draws from a number of disciplines—architecture, engineering, economics, sociology, public
health, finance, and more—and strives to prepare cities and towns for the future. It is typically used
as part of a larger city plan, and should tie back to your city’s mission and vision statements.Urban
planning touches on numerous city-life elements—new and pre-existing land, buildings, roads,
communal spaces, transportation, economic development, infrastructure, and the environment, among
others. We’ve broadly categorized these aspects into different conceptual areas below. These areas
are commonly referred to as types of urban planning, but it’s important to understand that they are not
mutually exclusive. In fact, a cohesive urban plan should include many or all of the below areas.
One more thing to note: Urban planning is more effective when you approach it with a strategic
lens. That means setting clear goals, measuring progress, and strategically defining and executing
projects. This is where strategy software like ClearPoint comes in handy—to ensure that all your
projects align with strategy, and help you stay on top of timelines, milestones, and budgets.

Urban planning is a big umbrella which suffices various ideas and theories. There is no written
rule about the classifications and categories of urban planning concepts. However, this essay tries to
systematically brief all the tools, methods, approaches and concepts that together contribute to this
big sphere of urban planning. This essay’s concepts in urban planning are classified based on scale,
practical approach and theoretical approach. The flowchart below lists the concepts and their sub-
classifications.

Based on the Practical Approach

.1. Strategic Urban Planning

Strategic urban planning focuses on setting high-level goals and determining desired
areas of growth for a city or metropolitan area. The result of the planning process is
a strategic plan—also called the development plan, core strategy, or comprehensive
plan. The strategic plan’s goals may include easing transportation throughout the city,
creating more community spaces, improving citizens’ quality of life, or encouraging
people to visit or move to the city.This is generally the highest level of the planning
process and other components of planning typically will fit into this type of plan.

‍The ClearPoint advantage:

‍Your city likely has a variety of plans across different departments and within different areas (public
health, infrastructure, capital improvement, etc.). It can be very difficult to see how all the pieces fit
together, and to make sure everyone is working to achieve a unified vision. ClearPoint was designed
to help you see the big picture. You can organize your overall strategy according to themes, and
easily view the objectives, initiatives, and measures associated with each (as shown below). You can
also link departmental goals, measures, and projects directly to organizational goals and projects, so
that everything forms a single, cohesive strategic plan.

2. Land-Use Planning
Land-use planning largely concerns legislation and policy, adopting planning instruments like
governmental statutes, regulations, rules, codes, and policies to influence land use.On a broad level,
 these planning instruments deal with the type, location, and amount of land needed to carry out
different functions of the city. They also serve to zone or reserve land for certain purposes such as:

 Residential, for buildings like apartment homes, single-family residences, and condominiums
 Commercial, for buildings like retail shops and office buildings
 Industrial, for structures like manufacturing plants and warehouses
 Municipal, for structures like police stations and courthouses
As with subsequent types of urban planning, consulting with the community and relevant
stakeholders is an important part of land-use planning to ensure transparency, and incorporate a wide
range of interests into the overall plan. If you communicate your strategic plan well, then
transportation, commercial and industrial planning should flow right into your plans.

3. Master Planning
Master planning is typically used for greenfield development projects, or building on undeveloped
land. Instead of modifying pre-existing structures or spaces, you’re starting from scratch.

This type of urban planning envisions a future state for a given space, and what it will take to achieve
that vision. Urban planners must consider the required zoning (from your land-use plan) and
infrastructure (see concept 7 below) to make the project possible, such as residential and commercial
land, transportation considerations, road locations, etc. They must also plan the location of urban
amenities such as community facilities, schools, parks, and the like.

Again, consulting with landowners and government agencies impacted by the plan is an essential task
here. Additionally, you may need to bring in professional consultants to gather important expertise
and insights, ensure the plan considers all potential angles, and set the completed space up for success
for years to come.
 ‍

The Clear Point advantage:

‍ eveloping new projects, collaborating with others, delivering on the municipality’s larger vision…
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ClearPoint makes it easier to carry out every aspect of master planning. Use it to:Evaluate and
prioritize ideas.

 Tie projects to high-level strategic objectives.

 Create a detailed breakdown of the required tasks, building in milestones, due dates, and
collaborators.
 Gather quantitative and qualitative data on progress.
 Visualize project performance in auto-generated reports.

4. Urban Revitalization
In contrast to master planning, urban revitalization focuses on improving areas that are in a state of
decline. The exact definition of a declining area will differ from city to city—for example, areas that
have a troubling number of failing businesses or a stagnant or decreasing population growth. The
improvement tactics city leaders use for revitalization will depend on the root cause of decline, and
may include things like repairing roads, developing infrastructure, cleaning up pollution, and adding
to parks and other public spaces, etc.

Community interaction is especially important with this urban planning concept, as local residents
and business owners often have insights that can help inform and tailor planning efforts. You may
need to change land use (see concept #2) from industrial to residential to get the loft apartments you
want, or involve environmental planning (see concept #6) to assess or clean up certain locations.

‍The Clear Point advantage:

‍ gain, having that big-picture view is important here. To improve areas in a state of decline, it’s
A
helpful to have a thorough understanding of factors that have contributed to that decline. ClearPoint’s
ability to link measures and initiatives gives you greater, more visible insight into steps being taken to
improve any given measure. So once you complete a project—for example, repairing the sidewalks in
a certain area or cleaning up a public space—you can tell if the changes are having a direct impact on
the use of those spaces.ClearPoint’s measure dashboard, shown below, brings all your different
measure charts together in one place, so you can see at a glance how things are changing from one
reporting period to another.

1. Economic Development
 Economic development is about identifying areas of growth to foster greater financial
prosperity within the city, specifically by enticing companies to build or move offices there.
Subsequently, those companies then hire local talent and drive commuter traffic to the new
office. More workers dining at local restaurants for lunch, getting gas at nearby gas stations,
and stopping by local grocery stores on the way home will boost visibility and spend in the
area.Sometimes an economic development department lives outside the planning department
of a municipality, so it is important to help that group navigate land use plans, master plans,
and infrastructure plans to ensure that any development projects are workable. Of course it
will be important to coordinate with environmental plans as well.

‍The Clear Point advantage:

‍ o correctly pull all the necessary levers that support economic growth—some being more crucial
T
than others—you need collaboration among departments. Rather than having data silos that limit
collaboration, ClearPoint allows users to selectively share information internally across departments,
so everyone can see and understand their department’s (and even their individual) role in it. Having
that open access makes it easier to identify areas of growth and coordinate activities. For instance, if
you’re trying to attract more people to work in your city, you might consider joining forces with the
transportation department to improve public transportation, or the infrastructure department to
implement internet of things (IoT) technology. In ClearPoint you can view collaborating departments’
progress on goals, ascertain their capacity to take on additional projects, and understand how their
strategy converges with yours.The image below shows a portion of a departmental scorecard in
ClearPoint with links to “parent” measures and initiatives.

2. Environmental Planning

Environmental planning is a type of strategic development that emphasizes sustainability.

Considerations for this type of urban planning include air pollution, noise pollution, wetlands,
habitats of endangered species, flood zone susceptibility, and coastal zone erosion, along with a
host of other environmental factors dealing with the relationship between natural and human
systems.

The Clear Point advantage:

 ‍ learPoint has the features you need to manage both your larger environmental program and the
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numerous projects entailed in accomplishing those larger objectives. You can:

 Prioritize projects according to organizational goals.

 Ensure environmental programs and projects are linked to the city’s overall strategy.
 Allocate resources effectively.
 Generate realistic project timelines and proper sequencing of projects.
 Track progress on hundreds of projects simultaneously.
 Evaluate the program’s real-time status automatically, based on the status of linked goals, KPIs, or
projects.
Gantt charts, like the one below created in ClearPoint, are useful for mapping project timelines,
start/end dates, and milestones.

7. Infrastructure Planning

Infrastructure planning deals with the fundamental facilities and systems that serve a city and its
people, and how those facilities can support goals laid out in the strategic plan. This type of urban
planning covers:

 Public works infrastructure such as water supply, sewage, electricity, and telecommunications
 Community infrastructure such as schools, hospitals, and parks
 Safety and transportation such as roads, police, and fire facilities
The ClearPoint advantage:

‍ ike environmental planning, infrastructure planning covers a lot of ground. ClearPoint offers you a
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way to manage everything—all the plans, projects, objectives, measures, etc.—with a single tool.
That reduces the work involved because it uses a single data set for reporting and analysis; it also
makes it easy to see the linkage between programs, projects, and organizational goals, and track
progress on it all.

It also promotes consistency in your reporting—you can design multiple reports and detail pages
using the same format, making it easier for you (and your audiences) to digest the information.

Bring Soft ware To The Urban Planning Table

A well-developed, effective urban plan requires thorough research and input from numerous
stakeholders, including citizens, landowners, and government staff. Urban planners should think
about their plans from the perspectives of all who will be impacted by their efforts. And since
implementing the plan uses taxpayer dollars, the plan should be as practical and cost-effective as
possible.
Urban Planning Process

Urban Planning Process is a systematic approach to shape the development of cities and towns.
Process of planning involves several key steps, including;

Step 1: Problem Identification and Analysis

This involves gathering data and information about the existing conditions in the city or region,
including demographics, land use patterns, transportation systems, and other factors.This information
is used to identify opportunities and challenges for the area. This will use to develop a comprehensive
understanding of the current state of the city.

Step 2: Defining Goals and Objectives

This involves defining goals and objectives that shape the future of the area. It includes getting input
from a wide range of stakeholders, including residents, businesses, community organizations, and
government agencies.

Step 3: Plan Development

This involves developing a detailed plan that outlines the specific actions and strategies. It will be
taken to achieve the goals and objectives. This can include land use plans, transportation plans,
sustainability plans, and other types of plans.

Step 4: Implementation

This involves putting the plan into action. It includes numbers of activities, including policy
development, zoning changes, infrastructure improvements, and community outreach and
engagement.

Step 5: Monitoring and Evaluation Monitoring and evaluation can help an organization
extract relevant information from past and ongoing activities that can be used as the basis for
programmatic fine-tuning, reorientation and future planning