Table 1A-Bureau of Reclamation values of E' for Iowa formula

(for initial flexible pipe deflection) [Customary units]

E'for degree of compaction of bedding (lb/in2)

Slight Moderate High
Soil type-pipe bedding material <85% Proctor 85-95% Proctor >95% Proctor
Dumped
(Unified Classification System) 1 <40% relative 40-70% relative >70% relative
______________________________________ _____________
density density density
Fine grained soils (LL> 50)2
No data available; cons ult a competent soils engineer;
Soils with medium to high plasticity
oth erwise use E ' = 0
CH, MH, CH-MH

Fine-grained soils (LL < 50)

Soils with medium to no plasticity 50 200 400 1000
CL, ML, ML-CL, with less than 25
percent coarse-grained particles

Fine-grained soils (LL < 50)

Soils with medium to no plasticity
CL, ML, ML-CL, with more than
25 percent coarse-grained particles 100 400 1000 2000

Coarse-grained soils with fines

GM, GC, SM, SC3 contains more
than 12 percent fines

Coarse-grained soils with little or

no fines 200 1000 2000 3000
GW, GP, SW, SP3 contains less
than 12 percent fines

Crushed rock 1000 3000

Accuracy in terms of
±2% ±2% ±1% ±0.5%
percent deflection4

1
ASTM Designation D 2487, USBR Designation E-3.
2 LL = liquid limit.
Or any borderline soil beginning with one of these symbols (i.e., GM-GC, GC-SC).
For ± 1 percent accuracy and predicted deflection of 3 percent, actual deflection would be between 2 percent
and 4 percent.

Note: A. Values applicable only for fills less than 50 ft.

B. Table does not include any safety factor.

C. For use in predicting initial deflections only, appropriate deflection lag factor must be applied for
long-term deflections.

0. If bedding falls on the borderline between two compaction categories, select lower E'value or average
the two values.

E. Percent Proctor based on laboratory maximum dry density from test standards using about 12 500
ft-lb/ft3 (ASTM D-698, AASHO T-99, USBR Designation E-11).

2
 Table 1 B.-Bureau of Reclamation values of E' for Iowa formula
(for initial flexible pipe deflection) [SI Metric units]

E' for degree of compaction of bedding (MPa)

Slight Moderate High

Soil type-pipe bedding material <85% Proctor 85-95% Proctor >95% Proctor
Dumped
(Unified Classification System) 1 <40% relative 40-70% relative >70% relative
density density density

Fine-grained soils (LL >50)2

N o data available; co nsult a competent so ils engineer;
Soils with medium to high plasticity
otherwise use E' = 0
CH, MH, CH-MH

Fine-grained soils (L L < 50)

Soils with medium to no plasticity
CL, ML, ML-CL, with less than 25 0.3 1.4 2.8 7
percent coarse-grained particles

Fine-grained soils (LL <50)

Soils with medium to no plasticity
CL, ML, ML-CL, with more than
25 percent coarse-grained particles
0.7 2.8 7 14
Coarse-grained soils with fines
GM, GP, SM, SC3 contains more
than 12 percent fines

Coarse-grained soils wi'th little or

no fines
GW, GP, SW, SP3 contains less 1.4 7 14 21
than 12 percent fines

Crushed rock 7 21

Accuracy in terms of
percent deflection4 ± 2% ± 2% ± 1% ± 0.5%

1ASTM Designation D 2487, USBR Designation E-3.

2 LL = liquid limit.
3Qr any borderline soil beginning with one of these symbols (i.e., GM-GC, GC-SC).
For ± 1 percent accuracy and predicted deflection of 3 percent, actual deflection would be between 2 percent
and 4 percent.

Note: A. Values applicable only for fills less than 15 m.

B. Table does not include any safety factor.

C. For use in predicting initial deflections only, appropriate deflection lag factor must be applied for
long-term deflections.

D. If bedding falls on the borderline between two compaction categories, select lower E'value or average
the two values.

E. Percent Proctor based on laboratory maximum dry density from test standards using about 598 000
Jim3 (ASTM D-698, AASHO T-99, USBR Designation E-11).