Every Action Must Have Reaction.

Do Not Give Up. God Can Change

Everything In A Second.
 Every Action Must Have Reaction.
BAB DAYA DAN GERAKAN II
Do Not Give Up. God Can Change
CHAPTER FORCE AND MOTION II
Everything In A Second.
1.4 KEKENYALAN
ELASTICITY

Kekenyalan / Elasticity:
Kebolehan objek untuk kembali kepada bentuk asal apabila daya luar yang
bertindak ke atasnya dialihkan
The property of material that enables an object to return to the original
shape and size after the force applied on it is removed

HUKUM
‘’S LAW

Pemanjangan spring adalah berkadar terus dengan daya yang dikenakan dengan syarat tidak melebihi had kenyal.
Extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied on the spring provided the elastic limit of the spring is not
exceeded.

F = kx

-an k
=

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1. Nyatakan definisi tenaga keupayaan kenyal Every Action Must Have Reaction.
State the definition of elastic potential energy Do Not Give Up. God Can Change
Everything In A Second.
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tenaya yang dimiliki
deh bahan
henyal
pomolar spring
↳ pemanjangan
2. Definisikan pemalar spring, k. F kn
=
spring

Define spring constant, k.

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Daya yang diperluhan until meneggang has sata unitpemanjangan spring

3. Definisikan had kenyal spring

Define the elastic limit of a spring.

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Baya mahsimum yang dihenahan pada spring its supaya spring kembali hepanjang al as

4. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan graf F lawan x untuk spring A dan spring B. Kedua-dua spring itu dibuat daripada bahan
yang sama dan mempunyai panjang asal yang sama tetapi mempunyai diameter yang berbeza. Seorang pelajar telah
meregangkan setiap spring dengan daya berlainan dan mengukur pemanjangan yang dihasilkan.
Diagram below shows the graph F against x for spring A and spring B. Both springs are made from same material and
have the same original length but different diameter. A student extends each spring with different force and measures the
extension produced.
Daya, N
Force

⑤E
A
30

20
B

10

Regangan, cm
5 10 15 Extension

(a) Kira tenaga keupayaan kenyal apabila 𝑥 = 10cm.

Calculate the elastic potential energy, EP when 𝑥 = 10cm.
(b) Jika setiap spring diregangkan dengan daya 10N, apakah pemanjangan spring?
If each spring is extended by force of 10N, what is the extension of the spring?

Duanen

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5. Lengkapkan jadual di bawah Every Action Must Have Reaction.
Complete the table below. Do Not Give Up. God Can Change
Everything In A Second.

Susunan spring
Arrangement of springs
500 g

500 g

Perkongsian beban
Load sharing
Tegangan pada setiap spring
Tension in each spring
Pemanjangan setiap spring
Extension of each spring
Jumlah pemanjangan spring
Total expansion of spring
Pemalar spring, k
Spring constant, k
Kekerasan spring
Stiffness of spring
Jumlah pemanjangan spring
Total extension of spring

6. Panjang asal suatu spring ialah 5cm. Dengan pemberat berjisim 20g, panjang spring bertambah kepada 7cm. Tentukan
The original length of a spring is 5cm. With a load of mass 20g, the length of the spring is extended to 7cm. Determine

(a) Pemanjangan spring dengan pemberat 40g

The extension of the spring with a load of 40g.
(b) Panjang spring dengan pemberat 60g
The length of the spring with a load of 60g

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Every Action Must Have Reaction.
Do Not Give Up. God Can Change
Everything In A Second.

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7. Rajah menunjukkan seorang ayah dan anaknya duduk di atas dua buaian Every Action Must Have Reaction.
sarung burung yang serupa. Spring buaian meregang apabila mereka Do Not Give Up. God Can Change
duduk di atasnya. Everything In A Second.
Diagram below show a father and his son sitting on two identifical bird nest swing.
The spring of swing are extended when sat by them

(a) Apakah inferens yang boleh dibuat berdasarkan rajah di atas?

What is the inference that can be made based on the diagram above?

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(b) Apakah hipotesis yang sesuai menggambarkan situasi di atas?

What is the suitable hypothesis describes the above situation?

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8. Rajah menunjukkan graf daya, F melawan regangan, x untuk satu spring. Berapakah tenaga keupayaan kenyal yang
disimpan apabila spring meregang sebanyak 0.4m?
Diagram shows a graph of force, F against extension, x for a spring. What is the potential energy stored when the spring
is extended by 0.4m?
F/N

20

x/m
0.4

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 Every Action Must Have Reaction.
9. Rajah menunjukkan sebiji bola 10 g ditolak pada penghujung satu
Do Not Give Up. God Can Change
spring di sepanjang permukaan licin. Panjang asal spring ialah 14 cm
dan pemalar spring ialah 200 N m-1. Everything In A Second.
Diagram shows a ball of mass 10 g pushed against one end of a spring
on a smooth surface. The original length of the spring is 14 cm and its spring constant is 200 N m-1.

14 cm

10 cm

Tentukan
Determine
(a) Tenaga keupayaan kenyal tersimpan dalam spring
The elastic potential energy stored in the spring
(b) Halaju maksimum bola itu selepas daya mampatan pada spring itu dialihkan
The maximum velocity reached by the ball after the compression force on the spring is removed.

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 Every Action Must Have Reaction.
10. Rajah menunjukkan satu beban digantung pada satu spring. Do Not Give Up. God Can Change
Diagram shows a load hung on a spring
Everything In A Second.

(a) Jisim beban boleh ditentykan dengan menggunakan formula 𝐹 = 𝑘𝑥, di mana 𝐹 ialah daya, 𝑘 ialah pemalar
spring dan 𝑥 ialah pemanjangan spring.
The mass of the load can be determined by using the formula 𝐹 = 𝑘𝑥, where 𝐹 is force, 𝑘 is spring constant and 𝑥
is extension of spring.

(i) Namakan hukum fizik yang berkait dengan formula di atas

Name the physics law related to the above fomula

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(ii) Jisim beban itu ialah 1 kg. Hitung pemalar spring apabila pemanjangan spring ialah 2 cm.
The mass of the load is 1 kg. Calculate the spring constant when the extension of the spring is 2 cm.

(b) Spring itu putus apabila ia digunakan untuk menggantung beban yang berat. Cadangkan satu pengubahsuaian yang
boleh dibuat untuk menggantung beban berat melalui aspek-aspek yang berikut dan nyatakan sebab bagi jawapan
anda:
Spring breaks when it is used to hang a heavy load. Suggest a modification that can be made to hang the heavy
load through these aspects:

(i) Kekerasan spring

Stiffness of the spring

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 Every Action Must Have Reaction.
Do Not Give Up. God Can Change
(ii) Ketebalan wayar Everything In A Second.
Thickness of the wire

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(iii) Jenis bahan

Type of material

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(c) Satu spring yang serupa, P digunakan untuk menggantung berat. Cadangkan susunan spring-spring ini untuk
menggantungkan beban berat tanpa memutuskan kedua-dua spring
Another identical spring, P is used to hang the heavy load. Suggest the arrangement of these springs to hang the heavy
load without breaking the spring.

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1. Hubungan antara daya regangan, F dengan regangan, x bagi suatu Every Action Must Have Reaction.
spring diberi oleh persamaan 𝐹 = 𝑘𝑥 di mana k ialah pemalar spring. Do Not Give Up. God Can Change
Apakah unit bagi k?
Everything In A Second.
The relationship between stretching force, F with the extension,
x of a spring is given by the equation 𝐹 = 𝑘𝑥 where k is the spring constant. What is the unit of k?

A Nm-1
B Nm-2
C kg m-1
D kg m-2

2. Graf manakah yang menunjukkan hubungan yang betul antara daya, F dengan regangan, x bagi suatu spring?
Which graph shows the correct relationship between the force, F and the extension, x of a spring?

A B
F F

x x
C D
F F

x x

3. Berdasarkan rajah di bawah, perbandingan manakah yang benar mengenai spring X dan Y?
Based on the diagram below, which comparison about spring X and Y is correct?
Daya,
Force
X

Panjang spring
Length of spring

A Untuk meregang 1 cm, kerja yang dilakukan ke atas X lebih kecil daripada Y
To stretch 1 cm, work done on X is smaller than on Y
B X lebih keras daripada Y
X is harder than Y
C Panjang asal X lebih panjang daripada Y
The original length of X is longer than Y

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 Every Action Must Have Reaction.
NOTES: Do Not Give Up. God Can Change
Everything In A Second.

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