“ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”

A Project/Seminar Report

On

“_____________ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS _______________”

by
Mr. NIKAM JITESH DHONDIBA

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of

Bachelor of Technology (Mechanical)

Department of Mechanical Engineering

CSMSS Chh. Shahu College of Engineering, Chatrapati Sambhajinagar
Year 2022-23

1
 “ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project/seminar report entitled

“ ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS ”

Submitted by
Mr. NIKAM JITESH. ROLL. NO.3162

has completed as per requirement of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University Lonere in partial
fulfillment of degree
B.Tech. (Mechanical)

Prof.D.H.Patil Dr. R.P. Chopade Dr. U. B. Shinde

Guide Head of Department Principal

Department of Mechanical Engineering

CSMSS Chh. Shahu College of Engineering, Chatrapati Sambhajinagar
Year 2022-2023

2
 “ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Prof.D.H.Patil Assistant Professor, Department of
Mechanical Engineering, CSMSS, Chh. Shahu College of Engineering, Kanchanwadi, Aurangabad, for his
valuable guidance, continuous encouragement and help extended at every stages of this project. I am
deeply indebted to him for giving me a definite direction, moral support and source of inspiration
throughout the completion of project successfully
We also wish to express our sincere thanks to Dr. R. P. Chopade Head of Department of Mechanical
Engineering, for extending necessary help and providing the facilities. Our sincere thanks to
honorable Dr. U. B. Shinde Principal CSMSS, Chh. Shahu College of Engineering, Kanchanwadi,
Aurangabad, who is the source of inspiration and always ready to extend helping hands.

We also extending our sincere thanks to Prof. Shaikh Ather, B. Tech Project Coordinator, Department of
Mechanical Engineering, for their sincere help, guidance and advice. The inspiration behind the every
aspect of life constructs a way to get success, which we have got from all the professors of the department.
The portion of success is brewed by the efforts put in by many individuals. It is constant support
provided by people who give you the initiative, who inspire you at each step of your endeavor that
eventually helps you in your goal.
No thanks giving would be complete without mentioning our parents and friends, without
their constant support and encouragement, this assignment would have not been successful

Mr. NIKAM JITESH ROLL NO. 3162

3
 “ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”

ABSTRACT

Finned surface has been extensively used for convective heat transfer of internal
combustion engines and several electronic kits etc. RTD were attached all over the surface of
the fin in equal distances. The experiments were conducted to analyze the parameters such as
heat transfer rate through fin, fin efficiency and effectiveness through free and forced
convection heat transfer mode. The fins were coated with Nano grapheme for all of the above
cases and changes in heat transfer through the fin, fin efficiency and effectiveness were
studied. It is found that there is a considerable increase in heat in transfer and other parameters
on Nano coating.

Rate of heat transfer plays a very important role in the performance of thermal systems like heat
engines, steam power plants, refrigerators, air conditioners etc. Continuous efforts are being made to
improve the effectiveness of the mentioned systems. Thermal conductivity of material, effects the heat
transfer characteristics the most and can be enhanced by surface coating of various materials. Materials
with high thermal conductivity are preferable for providing coating on substrate to improve heat
transfer rate. In present work, fins made of Stainless Steel 304 coated with Brass and Aluminum (250
micrometers thickness) by Twin wire arc coating process, is investigated. Experiments were conducted
with and without coating at different heat input using Pin Fin Apparatus and calculated Nussle number,
Reynolds number, thermal conductivity, heat transfer coefficient and fin efficiency. From the results
obtained, it is concluded that Nussle number in case of S.S coated with Aluminum is increased by
1.36% compared with coated with brass and 2.1% compared without coating and there is an increase in
efficiency of fin coated brass and aluminum materials by 14-73% compared to without coating

4
 “ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”
INDEX

Sr.NO CONTENT PAGE NO

1 CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION 7

2 CHAPTER-2 8
LITERATURE SURVEY

3 CHAPTER-3 9
Methodology

4 CHAPTER-4 25
Details of designs working and processes

5 CHAPTER-5 27
Result and application

6 CHAPTER-6 28
Conclusions and Future Scope

7 CHAPTER7 28
Future Scope

8 CHAPTER-8 29
Reference

5
 “ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”
Index of Figure

Sr. No. List of Figure name Page No.

1 Shape of fin 8
2 Geometries of fins 11
3 Radial fins Geometries 11
4 Nickel coated engine 18
8
5 RTD 19

6
 “ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”
CHAPTER 1

1. INTRODUCTION

In the study of heat transfer, a fin is a surface that extends from an object to
increase the rate of heat transfer to from the environment by increasing convection. The
amount of conduction, convection, or radiation of an object determines the amount of heat it
transfers. Increasing the temperature difference between the object and the environment,
increasing the convection heat transfer coefficient, or increasing the surface area of the object
increases the heat transfer. Sometimes it is not economical or it is not feasible to change the
first two options. Adding a fin to an object, however, increases the surface area and can
sometimes be an economical solution to heat transfer problems. The operation of many
engineering systems involves heat generation. This may cause serious overheating problems
and sometimes leads to failure of system. The heat generated within a system must be
dissipated to its surrounding in order to maintain the system operating. Fins are commonly
used in many engineering applications to enhance heat transfer. A number of studies have been
performed in order to increase the heat transfer effectiveness and to reduce the dimensions and
weight of heat exchangers. The necessity to reduce the volume and weight of heat exchanger
has become more important in many engineering applications like IC Engines, Heat
exchangers, etc. Efficient design of fins can improve system performance considerably.
Among several available techniques for augmentation of heat transfer in heat
exchanger tubes, the use of internal fin appears to be very promising method as evident from
the results of the past investigations. This is especially important in modern electronic systems,
in which the packaging densityof circuits is high. In order to overcome this problem, thermal
systems with effective emitters as fins are desirable. In order to achieve the desired steady-state
rate of heat dissipation, with the least. Amount of material, the optimal combination of
geometry and orientation of the finned surface is required. Among the all geometrical
variations, rectangular fins are the most commonly encountered because of their simple
construction, cheaper cost and effective cooling capability.

7
 “ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”

CHAPTER 2

2.LITERATURE SURVEY

The Engine cylinder is one of the major automobile components, which is

subjected to high temperature variations and thermal stresses. In order to cool the cylinder, fins are
provided on the surface of the cylinder to increase the rate of heat transfer. By doing thermal
analysis on the engine cylinder fins, it is helpful to know the heat dissipation inside the cylinder.
We know that, by increasing the surface area we can increase the heat dissipation rate, so
designing such a large complex engine is very difficult. The main aim of the present paper is to
analyze the thermal properties bycoating the cylinder fins with a material which helps in
increasing the rate of heat transfer. Transient thermal analysis determines temperatures and other
thermal quantities that vary over time. The variation of temperature distribution over time is of
interest in many applications such as in cooling. The accurate thermal simulation could permit
critical design parameters to be identified for improved life. Presently Material used for
manufacturing cylinder fin body is changing yttrium oxide coating.
In the study of heat transfer, a fin is a surface that extends from an object to
increase the rate of heat transfer to or from the environment by increasing convection. The amount
of conduction, convection, or radiation of an object determines the amount of heat it transfers.
Increasing the temperature difference between the object and theenvironment, increasing the
convection heat transfer coefficient, or increasing the surface area of the object increases the heat
transfer. Sometimes it is not economical or it is not feasible to change the first two options.
Adding a fin to an object, however, increases the surface area and can sometimes be an
economical solution to heat transfer problems. The operation of many engineering systems
involves heat generation. This may cause serious overheating problems and sometimes leads to
failure of the system. The heat generated within a system must be dissipated to its surrounding in
order to maintain the system operating

8
 “ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”

CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 FIN

3.1.1 TYPES OF FINS:

When Super Radiator Coils engineer coils for customers, materials are among our
most important considerations. Things like applications, environments, and coil lifespan must all
be factored in to the coil’s design. So too must price and industry standards, making material
decisions all the more crucial.

Unlike light commercial applications, where planning and decision-making occur

over weeks or months, industrial projects tend to move at a much slower pace, with project
timelines often spanning months or years.

With industrial projects, quality and lifespan are often chief concerns. Therefore,
these projects may involve considering different materials than those used in a typical commercial
HVAC application.

For this post, we’ll take a look at five examples of fins made from materials one
might see on an industrial heat exchanger. We’ll examine the relative cost, heat transfer
performance, and corrosion resistance of each. For cost comparison purposes, all fins will be
ranked from most expensive to least expensive.

Stainless steel fins

Thermal conductivity: Like type-316, poor heat transfer is among the largest drawbacks of using
stainless for heat exchangers. Its heat transfer capability (9.24 Btu/(hr × ft × F°[ii]) is worse than
aluminum (136 Btu/hr × ft × F°[iii]) and far worse than copper (231 Btu/hr × ft × F°[iv]).

Corrosion resistance: Stainless provides excellent corrosion resistance and is a great choice if
corrosion mitigation is an application’s primary concern. Due to its chromium content, stainless
9
 “ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”

undergoes passivation in wet environments, which forms a thin inert surface film of chromium
oxide

when exposed to even small amounts of oxygen. The film inhibits additional corrosion by blocking
oxygen diffusion to the surface of the steel, which prevents corrosion from spreading.

As far as corrosion from acids and bases, room temperature 304 stainless is only resistant to 3%
acid and may not be a practical choice for acidic environments. 304 can also be susceptible to
crevice corrosion by chlorides.

10
 “ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”
.

Heresite P413-coated aluminum fins

Thermal conductivity: Coating aluminum fins with Heresite has a less than 1% negative effect
on a coil’s heat transfer capabilities. It’s effectively the same as non-coated aluminum and copper.
Heresite is a good option for applications that want the heat transfer benefits of copper or
aluminum, but with far greater resistance to corrosives.

Corrosion resistance: Heresite provides terrific corrosion resistance and can tolerate a multitude
of corrosive atmospheres. It’s particularly effective in coastal and marine salt air applications,
having passed 1,000 hours on the ASTM G85-A3 Acidified Synthetic Sea Water Testing
(SWAAT) test. Heresite also meets the ISO 12944-9 (formerly ISO 20340) standard, having
withstood 4,200 hours (25 cycles) alternating between salt spray, UV radiation, and temperature
shocks. Heresite is the first HVAC-R and radiator coating to meet this standard.

E-coated aluminum fins

Thermal conductivity: Like Heresite, e-coat reduces heat transfer by less than 1%, with little
difference between a coated coil and a bare one as far as heat transfer goes.

Corrosion resistance: E-coat also provides terrific corrosion resistance, having passed 3,000
hours on the ASTM G85-A3 (SWAAT) test. E-coat has not been tested against the ISO 12944-9
standard.

11
 “ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”

3.1.2 FIN EFFICIENCY

Fin efficiency is the ratio of heat transfer from the actual fin to the heat transfer of an imaginary
fin of the same geometry and same conditions but with an infinite conductivity (In other words,
if the entire fin surface was in a temperature equal to that of the fin base).

This ratio will always be smaller than one

Fin efficiency Equation

Fin effectiveness

Fin effectiveness is the ratio of heat transfer from the fin to the heat transfer if the fin wasn’t
existing. In other words, this quantity tells us how much extra heat is being transferred by the
fin.

Fin effectiveness

The desire is to have this ration as large as possible while keeping the additional cost of adding
the fins as low as possible.

12
 “ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”

3.1.3 MATERIALS OF FINS

Fin Materials:
Cast iron: Cast iron is basically an alloy of carbon and silicon with iron. It is containing 2.4 – 3.7 %
C, 1.1 – 2.8% Si, 0.3 – 1.1% Mn, 0.16% P and 0.11% S. Cast iron possess high fluidity and hence it
cast into any complex shapes and thin sections. It has an excellent wear resistance of grey iron
under lubricating sliding conditions has been attributed to the presence of graphite in the micro
structure. It possesses high damping capacity in addition to that cast iron is provided the working
conditions clean. The material properties of cast iron are given below:
Density 7593.48 Kg/m3
Specific heat 0.4184 KJ/Kg
K
Thermal conductivity 42.97 W/ m2 K
Aluminum alloy: Aluminum is a silvery white metal and it possess following characteristics: Light
metal, good conductivity, higher resistance to corrosion and very ductile. The melting point of
aluminum alloy varies from 520 – 650oC.
The total weight of fin is proportional to the ratio of material density to the thermal
conductivity. It is common to see aluminum fins on engine cylinder and heat exchangers.
The reason for choice becomes obvious when one compares the weight
requirements of aluminum and another material such as cast iron
( /k)Al / ( /k) ci (2.5.2.1) = (2627.00/161) / (7593.48/42.97) = 0.09233
This equation indicates that approximately 90.76% of fin weight can be saved by
used to replace cast iron. Here considered two alternative materials for cast iron. They are Alusil
and Duralumin.

13
 “ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”

Alusil: Alusil contains 78-80% Al., 20-22% Si, the properties are given below:
Density 2627.00 Kg/m3
Specific heat 0.854
kJ/kgK
Thermal conductivity 161.00 W/mK
Duralumin: Duralumin contains 94-96 % Al., 3-5% Cu, trace Mg, the properties are given below:
Density 2787.00 Kg/m3
Specific heat 0.883 KJ/Kg K
Thermal conductivity 164.50 W/m K
Comparison of alusil and duralumin: By using Alusil as a fin material rather than Duralumin we
can save the material weight up to 3.6904%.

( /k)Duralumin= (2787.00/164.50) = 16.942

( /k)Alusil = (2627.00/161.00) = 16.31
( /k)Duralumin / ( /k)Alusil =16.31/16.942 = 0.96309
Assumptions: a) Heat transfer is 1 dimensional.
b) Heat transfer takes place at steady state conditions.
c) Heat transfer coefficient of ambient air is constant.
d) Engine cycle follows the polytrophic process with the exponent of 1.3.

14
 “ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”

3.1.4 SHAPE OF FIN

Considering the fin geometry and material the following test specimens were prepared for conducting
the experiment.

COPPER-SQUARE FIN

COPPER-PIN FIN

ALUMINIUM – PIN FIN

15
 “ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”

3.1.5 ADVANTAGES OF FINS:

1. By using the fins, the heat transfer rate can be increased without any preventive
maintenance. It is the cheapest way for increasing the heat transferring rate from the hot
bodies.

3.1.6 DISADVANTAGES OF FINS:

1. We know that the length of the fins is directly proportional to the heat-transferring rate. But
the larger length is may be cause of bending in the fins and also increases the weight of the
engine. Therefore the overall efficiency will go to decrease.

3.1.7 APPLICATION OF FINS:

Example of surfaces where fins are used

1. Air-cooled I.C. engines

2. Refrigeration condenser tubes

3. Electric transformers

4. Reciprocating air compressors

5. Semiconductor devices

6. Automobile radiator

7. Cooling of Electronic components

8. Dry-type cooling towers

9. They are also used in newer technology such as hydrogen fuel cell

10.Heat exchangers

16
 “ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”

3.2 GEOMETRY OF FINS

Primary through the use of finned surfaces. Since the use of exatended surfaces is often
more economical, convenient and trouble free, most proposed application of increasing surface
area is adding fins Primarily through the use of finned surfaces. Since the use of extended
surfaces is often more to the surface in order to achieve required rate of heat transfer. However,
the designer should optimize the spacing or the number of fins on base carefully; otherwise fin
additions may cause the deterioration of the rate of heat transfer. Although adding numerous fins
increase the surface area, they may resist the air flow and cause.
Boundary layer interferences which affect the heat transfer adversely. Today’s
designer has available a very wide range of materials from which to choose. To determine the
most cost- effective material for any application is no simple task when costs and performance
are properly assessed. Aluminium and copper are ideally suited to the manufacture of many
components because of the wide variety of forms and sizes available that minimize costs of
machining to final dimensions. It has a unique combination of properties: strength, shock
resistance, ductility and conductivity combined with good corrosion resistance and other
attributes such as superb machinability. Other beneficial properties are good formability, good
spark resistance, low magnetic permeability and toughness retained above and below ambient
temperatures. As for handling the heat sink problem, the size of its outward design, the amount
of fin flake, the gap of fin flake, the area of its outward surface all have an intimate relation on
enhancing its convection effect and increasing its heat sink ability. The only controllable
variable to enhance the convection heat transfer rate is the geometry of the fins.

17
 “ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”

Fig.1 Geomertries of fins

Fig.2 Radial fins & pins

18
 “ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”

3.3 CONVECTION

Convection is single or multiphase fluid flow that occurs spontaneously due to the
combined effects of material property heterogeneity and body forces on a fluid, most commonly
density and gravity (see buoyancy). When the cause of the convection is unspecified, convection
due to the effects of thermal expansion and buoyancy can be assumed. Convection may also take
place in soft solids or mixtures where particles can flow.

3.4 CONDUCTION

Conduction is one of the three main ways that heat energy moves from place to
place. The other two ways heat moves around are radiation and convection. Conduction is the
process by which heat energy is transmitted through collisions between neighboring atoms or
molecules. Conduction occurs more readily in solids and liquids, where the particles are closer to
together, than in gases, where particles are further apart. The rate of energy transfer by conduction
is higher when there is a large temperature difference between the substances that are in contact.

3.5 RADIATION

Radiation includes particles and electromagnetic waves that are emitted by some
materials and carry energy. The kind of radiation discussed below is called ionising radiation
because it can produce charged particles (or ions) in matter. X-rays, gamma-rays, alpha particles,
beta particles and neutrons are all examples of ionising radiation.

19
 “ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”

3.6 COATING

A coating, from a surface engineering point of view, is a layer of material deposited

onto a substrate to enhance the surface properties for corrosion and wear protection. Factors
affecting the choice of a coating include service environment, life expectancy, substrate material
compatibility, component shape and size, and cost.

There is a wide range of coating processes for depositing many different types of
material at thicknesses ranging from just a few microns, up to several millimeters. The different
types of coatings can be categorized in many ways. One common approach is based on the
manner in which the coating material is deposited on the substrate surface. This includes atomic
deposition, particulate deposition and bulk coating or cladding

20
 “ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”

3.7 TYPES OF COATING

Powder Coating
Powder coating is a dry finishing process that has become extremely popular since its
introduction in North America over in the 1960s. Representing over 15% of the total industrial
finishing market, powder is used on a wide array of products. More and more companies specify
powder coatings for a high-quality, durable finish, allowing for maximized production, improved
efficiencies, and simplified environmental compliance. Used as functional (protective) and
decorative finishes, powder coatings are available in an almost limitless range of colors and
textures, and technological advancements have resulted in excellent performance properties.

Black oxide coating

Black oxide coating is the process of coating ferrous materials, stainless steel, copper, copper
based alloys, zinc, materials with a chemical coating process. It takes products, and it coats them in iron
oxide. This provides many benefits. First, it reduces light reflection. This is beneficial because for products
such as IR sensors, UV sensors, passive infrared detectors, etc. excess or reflected light can completely alter
the results. Also, black oxide coating is beneficial because it adds thickness to steel, even though it’s
microscopic, it helps maintain the sharpness of things like drills or screwdrivers. Also, it helps reduce
corrosion and friction due to the oil or wax present. The wax or oil also allows for the material to be water
resistant.

21
 “ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”

3.8NICKEL

Nickel is a chemical element with the symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a
silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel belongs to the transition metals
and is hard and ductile. Pure nickel, powdered to maximize the reactive surface area, shows a
significant chemical activity, but larger pieces are slow to react with air under standard
conditions because an oxide layer forms on the surface and prevents further corrosion
(passivation). Even so, pure native nickel is found in Earth's crust only in tiny amounts, usually
in ultramafic rocks, and in the interiors of larger nickel–iron meteorites that were not exposed to
oxygen when outside Earth's atmosphere.

Meteoric nickel is found in combination with iron, a reflection of the origin of those
elements as major end products of supernova nucleosynthesis. An iron–nickel mixture is thought
to compose Earth's outer and inner cores.

Use of nickel (as a natural meteoric nickel–iron alloy) has been traced as far back
as 3500 BCE. Nickel was first isolated and classified as a chemical element in 1751 by Axel
Fredrik Ronstadt, who initially mistook the ore for a copper mineral, in the cobalt mines of Los,
Hälsingland, Sweden. The element's name comes from a mischievous sprite of German miner
mythology, Nickel (similar to Old Nick), who personified the fact that copper-nickel ores
resisted refinement into copper. An economically important source of nickel is the iron ore
limonite, which often contains 1–2% nickel. Nickel's other important ore minerals include
pentlandite and a mixture of Ni-rich natural silicates known as garnierite. Major production sites
include the Sudbury region in Canada (which is thought to be of meteoric origin), New
Caledonia in the Pacific, and Norilsk in Russia.

Nickel is slowly oxidized by air at room temperature and is considered corrosion-

resistant. Historically, it has been used for plating iron and brass, coating chemistry equipment,
and manufacturing certain alloys that retain a high silvery polish, such as German silver. About
9% of world nickel production is still used for corrosion-resistant nickel plating. Nickel-plated
objects sometimes provoke nickel allergy.

22
 “ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”

3.9 SUMMARY

Sr.no. Element Nickel

1 Melting point 1455’c

2 Boiling point 2730’c

3 Thermal conductivity 90.7W/mK

4 Thermal expansion coefficient 3.4um/mK

5 Density 8.908g/cm3

23
 “ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”

3.10 APPLICATION OF NICKEL

1. Its principal use is as an alloying element in stainless steels, alloys steels, non-ferrous metals
and other corrosion resistant alloys, examples of which are: Invar, Monel, Inconel,
Nichrome, Permalloy and the Hastelloys.
2. Nickel coatings can be deposited electrolytically by electroplating, chemically by
electroless or autocatalytic deposition.
3. Tubing for desalination plants.

3.11 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF NICKEL

Advantages: Nickel belongs to the transition metals. It is hard, ductile and considered corrosion-
resistant because of its slow rate of oxidation at room temperature. It also boasts a high melting
point and is magnetic at room temperature.

Disadvantages: Handling nickel can result in symptoms of dermatitis among sensitized

individuals.

24
 “ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”

CHAPTER 4
DETAIL OF DESIGN AND WORKING PROCESS

4.1 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

Nickel coated engine

25
 “ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”

Digital panel meter

1. First upon start the those engine at same time

2. Then this two engine are run up five minute at constant and same speed

3. And cooling air

4. Then this process done repeat more time and water cooling process are done.

26
 “ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”

CHAPTER 5

RESULT

OBSERVATION TABLE

Time Non Coated Coated Difference

RTD 1 RTD 2 RTD 1 RTD 2 RTD 1 RTD 2
1 minute 45 0 c 46 0 c 0
81 c 80 0 c 36 0 c 34 0 c
2 minute 54 0 c 57 0 c 88 0 c 76 0 c 34 0 c 19 0 c
3 minute 75 0 c 78 0 c 96 0 c 87 0 c 21 0 c 90 c
4 minute 95 0 c 97 0 c 102 0 c 940 c 70 c 30 c
5 minute 110 0 c 102 0 c 118 0 c 112 0 c 80 c 10 0 c

Non Coated Engine Cooling Time – 35 Minute

Coated Engine Cooling Time – 55 Minute

27
 “ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”

CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

1. More improvements could be made by considering the materials like graphene and aluminum foam.
2. Fins with different profiles of perforations should be used and would be analyzed for more
improvement in heat transfer.
3. Pin fins with slanted edge would be employed in heat sink which would increase the heat transfer
rate because slanted edge have capability to converge the flow, due to this effective cooling would
be done.
4. It can be concluded that even performing the several attempts have been made to optimize several
parameters related to fin for heat transfer augmentation, but still there is a huge scope for fin design
modification and optimization.
5. Constant material properties (independent of temperature)

6. No internal heat generation

7. One-dimensional conduction

8. Uniform cross-sectional area

9. Uniform convection across the surface area

28
 “ANALYSIS OF COATED FINS”

CHAPTER 7

REFERENCE
1. H. Yü ncu, A. Gü venc, An experimental investigation on performance of rectangular
fins on a vertical base in free convection heat transfer, Heat Mass Transfer 37 (2001)
409e416.
2. K.E. Starner, H.N. McManus, An experimental investigation of free convection heat
transfer from rectangular fin arrays, J. Heat Transfer 85 (1963)273e278.
3. C.D. Jones, L.F. Sparrow Smith, Optimum arrangement of rectangular fins on
horizontal surfaces for free convection heat transfer, J. Heat Transfer92 (1970) 6e10.
4. H. Queue, G. Anbar, An experimental investigation on performance of rectangular
Fins on a horizontal base in free convection heat transfer, Heat Mass Transfer 33
(1998) 507e514.
5. H. Yü ncü, S. Yildiz, An experimental investigation on performance of annularFins
on a horizontal cylinder in free convection heat transfer, Heat Mass Transfer 40
(2004) 239e251.
6. A.D. Kraus, A. Bar-Cohen, Design and Analysis of Heat Sinks, John Wiley and
Sons, Inc., New York, 1995.
7. P Thamarai, B Karthik, Automatic Braking and Evasive Steering for Active
Pedestrian Safety, Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research

29