See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/354458643

Importance of condition monitoring in mechanical domain

Article in Materials Today: Proceedings · September 2021

DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.08.299

CITATIONS READS

6 466

6 authors, including:

Nithin S K Hemanth Krishna

Reva University Reva University
6 PUBLICATIONS 26 CITATIONS 32 PUBLICATIONS 210 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Shamanth .V Rayappa Shrinivas Mahale

Reva University Jain College of Engineering and Research
41 PUBLICATIONS 141 CITATIONS 42 PUBLICATIONS 104 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

austempered ductile iron View project

Research Project View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Rayappa Shrinivas Mahale on 09 September 2021.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Materials Today: Proceedings

journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/matpr

Importance of condition monitoring in mechanical domain

S.K. Nithin a,⇑, K. Hemanth a, V. Shamanth a, Rayappa Shrinivas Mahale a, P.C. Sharath b, Adarsh Patil c
a
School of Mechanical Engineering, REVA University, Bengaluru 560004, India
b
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, JAIN Deemed to be University, Bengaluru 562112, India
c
School of Mechanical Engineering, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580031, India

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history: This paper discusses the importance of condition Monitoring in the mechanical domain. Over the last few
Available online xxxx decades, researchers have been particularly interested in mechanical condition tracking. Automatic
machinery is susceptible to malfunction and progressive degradation from its initial state in harsh envi-
Keywords: ronments. For this, a suitable parameter that shows real-time internal conditions and mechanical device
Condition Monitoring fault incidence must be selected; as a result, continuous system monitoring is a more critical part of early
Vibration Analysis detection of failure that can trigger system shutdown, reducing system downtime and saving money.
Vibration Sensor/Transducers
Force imbalances, gearing system failures, bearing failures, shaft loading conditions, and incorrect
Gear and Bearing defects
Cutting tool Monitoring
machine selection for a particular job may all cause faults in mechanical systems. System parameters
such as efficiency, vibrations, noise, temperature, strain, wear on movables, and lubrication monitoring
are needed to detect the fault. Several early sensors are being used in this case to monitor the status
of device parameters in real time. Signal processing methods are used to convert the sensors’ signal to
an electrical signal, which is then processed and analyzed. The device’s smooth operation necessitates
parameter sensing and monitoring in-process. The use and benefits of sensors and transducers, as well
as advanced signal processing, each have their own set of benefits and drawbacks. The basics of various
condition monitoring techniques, approaches to condition monitoring, Condition Monitoring Types, and
other related topics will be covered in this article. The aim of this paper was to expand condition mon-
itoring to a variety of mechanical domains, including bearing defect detection, rotary machine vibration
monitoring, cutting tool monitoring, machine tool monitoring, electricity, vehicles, gear defect detection,
and bearing defect detection, to name a few.
Copyright Ó 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 5th International Con-
ference on Advanced Research in Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering-2021

1. Introduction which allows maintenance to be planned [5]. This is called predic-

The process of measuring instrument parameters such as
machine motion, temperature, oil condition, etc. is known as con-
dition monitoring, paying attention to visible changes that can sug-
gest impending errors. By continually tracking the health of your
device and taking ideal care that can usually shorten the life of
your assets, you can plan repairs or other precautions and fix prob-
lems before problems become more serious. Preventive mainte-
nance includes many condition managements [1-4]. Condition
monitoring data collected over hours provides valuable knowledge
of the current and past state of the asset. This machine evolution
can be used to predict how assets will work overtime and decline,
⇑ Corresponding author.
tive maintenance and focuses on maintenance as it may cause
errors and you need to plan to prevent them. Condition monitoring
methods are widely used to track rotating devices (gearboxes,
reciprocating machines, centrifuges, etc.), backup or auxiliary
devices and compressors, turbines, electric motors, presses, and
other machines such as internal combustion engines [6]. For condi-
tion monitoring, there are two common methods.
1.1. Trend monitoring
This is the process of regularly measuring and interpreting
trend monitoring data. Here, it is possible to determine when the
deterioration exceeds a critical threshold by selecting an appropri-
ate measurable of deterioration of a machine or part and analyzing
the trend. For example, trend tracking is used to regularly track an

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.08.299
2214-7853/Copyright Ó 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 5th International Conference on Advanced Research in Mechanical, Materials and
Manufacturing Engineering-2021

Please cite this article as: S.K. Nithin, K. Hemanth, V. Shamanth et al., Importance of condition monitoring in mechanical domain, Materials Today: Pro-
ceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.08.299
S.K. Nithin, K. Hemanth, V. Shamanth et al.
airplane’s engine data to detect irregularities in engine perfor-
mance and to avoid diagnostic aids and more expensive damage.
1.2. Condition checking
Condition checking is performed on an equipment while it is in
operation by performing periodic check measurements with an
accurate indicator. The information gathered during this process
is then used to assess the current condition of the machine. Condi-
tion checking is the use of an oil inspection glass, such as a condi-
tion monitoring pod (CMP), to check the machine’s oil condition in
real time. [7-10].
2. Condition monitoring techniques
The most used techniques for collecting data on the current
state of the machine are:
2.1. Vibration analysis
The method of measuring the vibration level and frequency of a
machine and evaluating the state of the machine based on the
information is called vibration analysis. Vibration analysis can
detect imbalances, bearing defects, mechanical loosening,
misalignment, resonances and natural frequencies, electric motor
defects, bent shafts, and even cavitation. According to some esti-
mates, vibration warnings can provide lead times of up to 3 months
before a malfunction occurs [11].
Use daily oil analysis to check machine lubricant status, oil
leaks and machine wear. Oil analysis methods include the use of
a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer to measure mois-
ture analysis, particle coefficient, elemental analysis, peak / base
content, viscosity measurements, and some other parameters. I
will. Spectral oil analysis tests, for example, break down the chem-
ical structure of an oil to predict possible problems. Silicone and
aluminum levels in the oil suggest soil and sand pollution (alu-
minum silicate), while high iron content indicates wear resistant
components [12-14].
2.2. Infrared thermography
A thermal imaging camera is a method of detecting radiation
(heat) emitted by an object using a thermal imaging device, con-
verting it to temperature, and displaying the temperature distribu-
tion in an image. It is commonly used to check the electrical and
mechanical condition of the engine, the insulation of the bearing
(abnormal friction) refractory and the level of gases, liquids, and
sludge. The primary purpose of infrared cameras is to ensure that
the machine is functioning properly by detecting abnormal ther-
mal patterns in the device that may suggest malfunctions or inef-
ficiencies [15].
2.3. Ultrasound
Ultrasonic control is useful in slow and high-speed mechanical
systems and high-pressure fluid environments. For example, a dig-
ital ultrasound instrument tracks the radio frequency signal emit-
ted by a bearing in real time and displays it in decibels (dBuV) per
microvolt. This metric produces historical images of friction,
scratches and other bearing defects that can be used to measure
improvements in friction, scratches, and other bearing defects.
The dBuV metric is often used to calculate the proper lubrication
interval. Vibration measurements are often used in conjunction
with ultrasonic monitoring.
2
Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
To track the condition, ultrasound is commonly used in the
Impact Pulse Method (SPM), a monitoring device that uses the sig-
nal of a rotating bearing as a baseline. Think about what happens
when you collide with a metal ball or metal rod. When colliding
with a ball bar, pressure waves are propagated through all materi-
als. The pressure wave disappears rapidly (transition). When the
front of the pressure wave touches the shock pulse transducer,
the mass of the converter swings back and forth, attenuating the
front of the pressure wave. When the level of shock pulses is low
(low peak), the oil film on the bearings is thickened. As the level
rises, the film thickness decreases [16-20].
2.4. Acoustic emissions
ISO 22,096 specifies how to regulate electricity using acoustic
emissions. Acoustic emission is a type of vibration analysis that
detects vibrations at much higher frequencies than conventional
vibration analysis. Acoustic emission monitoring looks for high-
frequency signals caused by cracks or influences; not repetitive
synchronized movements caused by vibrations. Acoustic emissions
are not affected by the position of the transducer, the speed of the
system, or the composition of the entire body [21].
3. Condition monitoring types
Various formats and methods of monitoring the condition of
machines each serve a specific purpose in terms of data collection.
The most popular formats are:
3.1. Offline condition monitoring
Offline status monitoring is generally used for properties that
are less sensitive or semi-critical, and periodic inspections are
appropriate to keep track of the status. Offline monitoring is most
often used when less sensitive devices are sufficient for periodic
inspection of pulses and when they are sent to the laboratory for
oil treatment. Some companies can use sampling kits to check
the viscosity and water content of a particular oil in the field for
quick results in offline oil analysis. Semi-automatic in-house
research equipment measures wear metals, nitriding, oxidation,
and additive depletion.
3.2. Online condition monitoring
Online condition monitoring is the process of wirelessly attach-
ing a machine-mounted sensor to integrated software to continu-
ously measure assets by providing real-time alerts for vibration
analysis, acoustic emission, ultrasound, and infrared thermal
images. Consider machine shape, bearing type, machine speed,
machine parts and machine elements when choosing an online
monitoring device [22,24]. Once the sensor is placed in the appro-
priate location on the asset, it can wirelessly connect to a remote
condition monitoring system to display real-time data. Most
devices can use a variety of sensor data (vibration, thermograph,
acoustics, etc.) to provide a snapshot of the asset’s current state
at any point in time. You can use online status monitoring to set
up real-time notifications for remote devices or emails. The use
of portable devices that can read data from installed sensors is
called ‘‘portable computer diagnostics”. The online condition mon-
itoring device is also known as this.
3.3. Route-based condition monitoring
Route-based health monitoring is a technique in which a tech-
nician records daily data using a mobile device such as an infrared
S.K. Nithin, K. Hemanth, V. Shamanth et al. Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

camera. This method is often used to identify a trend pattern and
determine if further analysis is needed [23].
4. Condition monitoring maintenance technique
Condition monitoring is a form of maintenance that monitors
the condition and condition of a machine or structure and notifies
when maintenance becomes necessary. Here, you can use sensor
devices to collect data from the system and turn it into useful
information. Decision-making methods are used to determine
when maintenance is required. Health Control Center is a diagnos-
tic. The implemented method is used to distinguish between com-
plex system faults and detect fault conditions [25-30]. Three stages
of growth are used to categorize the maintenance strategy:
1. Breakdown maintenance
2. Preventive maintenance
3. Predictive maintenance
4.1. Break down maintenance
6. Historical maintenance
Until the last 15–20 years, all machine tools were powered and
operated by humans, and they are still regulated and operated by
humans for the most part. They have become more nuanced, but
they have also become more successful in general because of better
design and advancements in maintenance strategies. Fig. 1 depicts
the benefits and drawbacks of these options. The techniques are
outlined in detail below.
6.1. Unplanned (breakdown) maintenance
Maintenance before the emergence of CNC machines (and per-
haps that) was almost unexpected, and only occurred when a prob-
lem occurred. This technique was applied due to several issues, as
shown in Fig. 1. The fact that machines generally have a full-time
operator who is good at predicting the onset of a failure has rein-
forced the failure maintenance case [35-38].

6.2. Planned schedule maintenance

This allows us to replace defective parts or systems after the
device is no longer able to function. The simplest solution is to
use breakdown repair. This will reduce initial costs such as
employee training and other related expenses.
4.2. Preventive maintenance
Preventive maintenance is done regardless of the machine’s
state and is scheduled on a calendar or by hours.
4.3. Predictive maintenance
By trending and measuring machinery parameters, this can
identify emerging problems in their early stages. As a result,
repairs can be completed before a computer breaks down [31].
The following are the most used condition control techniques:
1. Vibration Measurement and Analysis
2. Acoustic Emissions Detection
3. IR Thermography
4. Corrosion Monitoring
5. Lubricant Sampling and Analysis
6. Process control equipment (measurement and trends)
7. Trend of process parameters (e.g., flow, speed, pressure, tem-
perature, etc.)
8. Visual Inspection
9. Motor Current Analysis
The invention of CNC machines with unmanned manufacturing
capabilities was one of the issues that spurred the study of main-
tenance strategies. However, there is no doubt that the most effi-
cient users of all types of machine tools have sought to improve
maintenance (breakdowns) beyond the previously mentioned
plan. As a result, maintenance was carried out on a regular basis.
The system works in this way until the maintenance is carried
out in a certain (i.e., scheduled) period. This strategy has the
advantage of being able to schedule maintenance resources, timing
of downtime, and planning for replacement (Fig. 1). The main
drawback is the focus on established intervals between mainte-
nance phases.
6.3. Condition based maintenance
Most machine tool users continue to perform routine mainte-
nance. Few customers, on the other hand, may be willing to imple-
ment condition-based maintenance due to perceived
disadvantages. This is preventative maintenance that focuses on
determining the state of all device components when the computer
is in service. These calculations should allow for the estimation of
all elements’ time to failure, allowing maintenance to be scheduled
before any of them fail [39].

5. Machine tools

Machine tools are an important area for a repairman. Unsched-

uled repairs and faulty machine tools have a direct impact on the
productivity of every manufacturer. Therefore, the prospective
company ensured that the purchased machine tool had a good rep-
utation for maintenance and / or ensured that the service techni-
cians repaired quickly and / or had a spare machine available for
service. Not everyone can promise to avoid costly or downtime.
In addition, in today’s competitive environment, arbitrary break-
down is inevitable. As a result, there has been a concerted effort
in the last 10 to 15 years to combine planning and maintenance.
A more well-developed fault log and related parameter control
have been implemented, but what is really needed is an automated
system that predicts faults before they occur or occur, or in any
order. his treatise examines historical and traditional commercial
methods and focuses on an overview of recent research activities
and recent efforts [32-34]. Fig. 1. Turning Operation.

3
S.K. Nithin, K. Hemanth, V. Shamanth et al. Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

7. Gears and bearings condition monitoring: a literature review

and discussion

Condition monitoring is a modern tool that allows operators to

minimize the number of scheduled inspections and reduce down-
time, saving money and effort. Changing data while working con-
ditions is a research priority.

7.1. Bearings

In most rotating machinery, bearings are one of the most critical Fig. 2. Frequency of Failure.

and widely used components. Failures of rotating elements cost

time and money. From power plants to aerospace, bearing fault
detection is important in many industries. Since the displayed
defects are present unstable, many errors occur. Some of the vibra-
tion parameters were compared to determine defects in rolling
bearings. The total rms value, peak component, crest factor, power
and acceleration character spectrum of bearing vibration were
measured and compared to good bearings in a sound pressure
microphone capability test to evaluate various machine conditions
in noisy situations. To cut back noise, AN adaptative filtering rou-
tine was combined.
These system diagnostics seem to be less sensitive to sound
pressure microphones. A logical model was proposed for foresee-
ing moving bearing vibration frequencies and amplitudes of recur-
rence parts because of a restricted imperfection on the inward race,
external race, or one of the moving segments, rather than different
strategies, for example, accelerometer estimations under out-
spread and hub loads. An examination of vibration and acoustic
estimation techniques has been proposed for the discovery of
deformities in moving component heading. Both grouped and dis-
sipated deformity structures have been considered for recognition.
The Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) has been proposed as a tech-
nique for considering vibration signals delivered by orientation
with limited imperfections. In the wake of creating a period recur-
rence deterioration of vibration flags, the segments conveying the
basic indicative data were picked for additional preparing [40-42].
7.2. Gears
Condition control of rotating machine fundamental components
like gearboxes aids in the reduction of costly unscheduled machine
downtime. There are three sections to a gearbox vibration: a period
sinusoidal part, an occasional transient segment actuated by disfig-
urement, and arbitrary clamor. The vibrations are managed by the
sinusoidal components, bringing about a tough gearbox. In any
case, a blemish is embedded into the circuit, causing modulation
and amplitude variety in the sinusoidal variable. Checking the
soundness of a gearbox is a huge errand due to its situation in
power transmission in each industry. Utilizing ferromagnetic
examination and vibration investigation innovation, the pinion
wheels condition was checked. In a period, space investigation of
three sorts of spall gears, difference, mean square worth, top
worth, and kurtosis all expanded all together. By giving extra
understanding into the wear rate and system of the stuff, ferro-
magnetic examination may give fast and exact data on its condi-
tion. To characterize and evaluate hurt, the Wigner-Ville
Distribution (WVD) and wavelet change were utilized. Progressed
signal preparing procedures like Acoustic Emission (AE) and vibra-
tion estimation were utilized to explore the lab-sized, single-stage
gearbox. For recognizing early crack propagation, Acoustic Emis-
sion beat vibration, and stuff issues were grouped and researched
utilizing artificial neural networks.
Most of the instrumentation is predicted to control inside a
selected set of parameters. These limitations, additionally called
4
operative conditions, are established to confirm that the instru-
mentation is operated safely which the instrumentation or device’s
style specifications are not exceeded. they are typically pro-
grammed to maximise product performance and outturn (load)
whereas reducing instrumentation tension. This implies that the
hardware can just work inside a specific speed range. This guide-
line applies to both consistent state (steady speed) and variable-
speed machines, which can run over a more extensive scope of
paces however are yet restricted by plan limits. Machines are infre-
quently expected to work outside of these cut-off points for brief
timeframes (during fire up, closure, and arranged over-burdens).
There are several different types of failure, just as there are many
different reasons for failure. In this segment, the forms will be
divided into just two groups. Catastrophic failures strike without
notice and with no warning. Incipient failures occur partially and
naturally over time. In all but a few instances, there is some fore-
warning of the impending failure; that is, most failures go through
a distinct incipient phase. Computer fault diagnosis and health
monitoring are used to find and diagnose the cause of a problem,
and to track its progress over time. After that, better planning is
possible to avoid the possibility of fatal consequences, since the
time until the eventual failure can be more accurately estimated.
Of course, failure due to external control force is not included.
To summarize the anecdotal data and the statistics describing
the frequency of errors, a ‘‘bath curve” can be used. Fig. 2 shows
a typical bathtub curve that can be used on a single machine or a
group of similar machines. A high rate of failure is typical within
the first few years of a machine’s useful life. ‘‘Wear-in” failures
are the name for these types of failures. The most common triggers
are design flaws, manufacturing flaws, assembly defects, installa-
tion problems, and commissioning flaws. If the cause of these fail-
ures is established and addressed, the level of damage will be
reduced. The machine then undergoes a relatively long period of
operation, during which a failure very rarely occurs. Failures do
happen, but they often happen haphazardly. The era of ‘‘normal
wear and tear” in the life of a machine is called the epoch, and it
generally constitutes the bulk of the life of a machine. When work-
ing according to design requirements, a relatively low failure rate
is required under normal wear [43-45].
8. Conclusions
Vibration analysis is an important part of many predictive
maintenance programs and is one of the most effective methods
of condition maintenance. Vibration analysis for machine health
monitoring is a simple, inexpensive, and effective method for early
fault detection, avoiding unplanned downtime and high repair
costs. This method assumes that most machine failures are accom-
panied by a change in the way the computer vibrates. The vibration
probe detects the machine’s vibrations (mainly the accelerometer).
Vibrating signals can be analysed in different signal domains after
data pre-processing (involving data normalization and noise
S.K. Nithin, K. Hemanth, V. Shamanth et al.
removal) (e.g., time, spectrum). To minimize the size of the data,
feature extraction is often done further (e.g., using different flags,
frequency particles). Error detection can be done manually or auto-
matically, using techniques such as limit checkers, pattern recogni-
tion, and even novelty detection. Early detection of outages helps
consumers initiate repairs, avoid costly maintenance, and maxi-
mize revenue at the lowest possible cost. Most businesses benefit
financially from the use of status tracking and predictive mainte-
nance. Since it is very expensive to repair damaged equipment,
maintain large stocks of spare parts or machinery, and delay pro-
duction due to repair delays, well-designed maintenance strategies
have resulted in significant cost savings. fee. Analysis of the vibra-
tion signal to assess the type of existing fault will allow a more
accurate calculation of remaining life, spare parts availability,
maintenance equipment, personnel and time required to repair
the machinery.
CRediT authorship contribution statement
S.K. Nithin: Writing - original draft, Supervision. K. Hemanth:
Conceptualization, Supervision, Visualization. V. Shamanth: Con-
ceptualization, Supervision, Visualization. Rayappa Shrinivas
Mahale: Writing - review & editing. P.C. Sharath: Resources,
Methodology. Adarsh Patil: Resources, Methodology.
Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing finan-
cial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared
to influence the work reported in this paper.
References
[1] C.D. Scott, R.E. Smalley, Diagnostic ultrasound principles and instruments,
Journal of Nanoscale. Nanotechnology., vol. 3, no. 2, (2003), pp. 75-80.
[2] P. Kumar, Y. Basavaraj, Importance of condition based maintenance - an
overview, Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and
Technology, vol. 5, (2016), pp. 04-45. Doi: 10.15680/IJIRSET.2016.0509011.
[3] E. Peter Carden, P. Fanning, Vibration based condition monitoring: a review,
Additional services and information for Structural Health Monitoring, Vol 3,
no4, (2004) pp.0355–377. Doi: 10.1177/1475921704047500.
[4] M. Vishwakarmaa, V. Rajesh Purohitb, P.R. Harshlatac, Vibration analysis &
condition monitoring for rotating machines a review, Mater. Today:. Proc. 4
(2017) 2659–2664.
[5] M. Kande, A.J. Isaksson, R. Thottappillil, N. Taylor, Rotating electrical machine
condition monitoring automation a review, J. MDPI 5 (2017) 24–55.
[6] G.J. Stein, R. Chmúrny, V. Rosík, Compact vibration measuring system for in-
vehicle applications, Measurement Science Review, Vol. 11, (2011).
[7] W. Zhou, T.G. Habetler, R.G. Harley, Bearing condition monitoring methods for
electric machines: a general review, vol.8, (2007), pp.78-115.
[8] K.F. Mrtin, A Review by discussion of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis
in machine tool, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 34 (4) (1994) 527–551, 0890-
6955-E0015-B.
[9] S. Goel, R. Ghosh, S. Kumar, A. Akula, A methodical review of condition
monitoring techniques for electrical equipment, vol 4, (2018), pp.52-98.
[10] A.G. Rehorn, J. Jiang, P.E. Orban, State-of-the-art methods and results in tool
condition monitoring: a review, Int J Adv Manuf Technol, vol 26, (2005), pp.
693–710.
[11] M.V. KiranKumar, M. Lokesha, S. Kumar, A. Kumar, Review on Condition
monitoring of bearings using vibration analysis techniques, Mater. Sci. Eng.
376 (2018) 012110, https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/376/1/012110.
[12] C. Sheng, Z. Li, L.i. Qin, Z. Guo, Y. Zhang, Recent progress on mechanical
condition monitoring and fault diagnosis, Adv. Control Eng. Inform. Sci. 15
(2011) 142–146, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.08.029.
[13] I. Rahim, Development of a vibration measuring unit using a
microelectromechanical system accelerometer for machine condition
monitoring, European Journal of Scientific Research, Vol.35 No.1 (2009), pp.
150-158. ISSN 1450-216X.
[14] N.S. Marne, Prof. Dr. M.S. Nagmode, R.D. Komati, Vibration measurement
system with accelerometer sensor based on ARM, International Journal of
Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Vol. 4, (2014), pp. 20-26.
ISSN 2250-2459,
[15] P. Lakshmi Pratyusha, V. Shanmukha Priya, V.P.S. Naidu, Bearing health
condition monitoring: time domain analysis International Journal of Advanced
Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol. 3,
(2014), pp. 45-95. ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875.
5
Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
[16] S.K. Verma, S.S. Bhadauria, S. Akhtar, Review of nondestructive testing
methods for condition monitoring of concrete structures, Journal of
Construction Engineering, (2013). Doi.org/10.1155/2013/834572.
[17] Y. Amirat, Benbouzid, Senior Member, B. Bensaker, R. Wamkeue, Member,
‘‘ConditionMonitoring and ault Diagnosis in Wind nergy onversion Sstemis: A
Reviewi”, (2017), pp. 785-985.
[18] S. Bagavathiappan, B.B. Lahiri, T. Saravanan, J. Philip, T. Jayakumar, Infrared
thermography for condition monitoring – A review, Infrared Physics &
Technology, vol. 60 (2013), pp. 35–55. Doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2013.03.006.
[19] R. Mohanreddy, Machine condition inspection systems, Vibration Technology,
Chapter 45.1 (2018), pp 663-681. Doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809272-
9.00045-1.
[20] W. Caesarendra, T. Tjahjowidodo, A review of feature extraction methods in
vibration-based condition monitoring and its application for degradation
trend estimation of low-speed slew bearing, MDPN 5 (4) (2017) 21, https://doi.
org/10.3390/machines5040021.
[21] S. Wang, X. Wei, Y. Zhao, Z.Jiang, Y. Shen, A MEMS resonant accelerometer for
low-frequency vibration detection, (2018), pp. 12-85. doi:10.1016/j.
sna.2018.09.055.
[22] V. Dekys, Condition monitoring and fault diagnosis, Procedia Eng. 177 (2017)
502–509, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.02.252.
[23] J.P. Salameh, S. Cauet, E. Etien, A. Sakout, L. Rambault, Gearbox condition
monitoring in wind turbines: a review, Mech. Syst. Sig. Process. 111 (2018)
251–264, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2018.03.052.
[24] M. Feng, Y. Fukuda, M. Mizuta, E. Ozer, Citizen sensors for SHM: use of
accelerometer data from smartphones, (2015), pp. 3-78. Doi:10.3390/
s150202980.
[25] Z. Hameed, Y.S. Hong, Y.M. Cho, S.H. Ahn, C.K. Song, Condition monitoring and
fault detection of wind turbines and related algorithms: a review, Renew.
Sustain. Energy Rev. 13 (1) (2009) 1–39, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
rser.2007.05.008.
[26] Md. Mominul Islam, G. Lee, S.N. Hettiwatte, A review of condition monitoring
techniques and diagnostic tests for lifetime estimation of power transformers,
Electr Eng (2018), pp. 581–605. Doi.org/10.1007/s00202-017-0532-4.
[27] C. Jiang, S. Li, T.G. Habetler, A review of condition monitoring of induction
motors based on stray flux, (2017). DOI: 978-1-5090-2998-3/17.
[28] N.B. ones, Yii-Hua Li, A review of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis for
diesel engines, Tribotest journal, (2000), pp. l6-3. ISSN 1354-4063.
[29] Y. Lei, J. Lin, M.J. Zuo, Z. He, Condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of
planetary gearboxes: a review, Measurement 48 (2014) 292–305, https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.measurement.2013.11.012.
[30] S. Li, J. Li, Condition monitoring and diagnosis of power equipment: review and
prospective, Journal the Institution of Engineering and Technology, (2017), pp.
87-102. Doi: 10.1049/hve.2017.0026.
[31] B. Lu, Y. Li, X. Wu, Z. Yang, A review of recent advances in wind turbine
condition monitoring and fault diagnosis, (2019), pp. 1-8. DOI: 978-1-4244-
4936-1/09 Henri-Jean Marais, George van Schoor, Kenneth R. Uren, ‘‘An
Energy-based approach to condition monitoring of industrial processes”, FAC-
PapersOnLine, (2015) 77 – 88, Doi: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.09.620.
[32] M. Nie, L. Wang, Review of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis
technologies for wind turbine gearbox, Procedia CIRP 11 (2013) 287–290,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2013.07.018.
[33] Z.K. Peng, F.L. Chu, Application of the wavelet transform in machine condition
monitoring and fault diagnostics: a review with bibliography, Mech. Syst. Sig.
Process. 18 (2) (2004) 199–221, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0888-3270(03)
00075-X.
[34] K.A. Ibrahim Sheriff, V. Hariharan, B. Mathan Kumar, Review on condition
monitoring of rotating machines, Journal of Scientific & Technology Research,
vol, 9, (2020), pp. 74-855.
[35] T. Wang, Q. Han, F. Chu, Z. Feng, Vibration based condition monitoring and
fault diagnosis of wind turbine planetary gearbox: a review, Mech. Syst. Sig.
Process. 126 (2019) 662–685, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2019.02.051.
[36] A. Sabato, C. Niezrecki, G. Fortino, Wireless MEMS-based accelerometer sensor
boards for structural vibration monitoring: a review, (2018), pp. 13-87, DOI
10.1109/JSEN.2016.2630008.
[37] M.S. Safizadeh, S.K. Latifi, Using multi-sensor data fusion for vibration fault
diagnosis of rolling element bearings by accelerometer and load cell,
Information Fusion 18 (2014) 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
inffus.2013.10.002.
[38] M. Seera, C.P. Lim, S. Nahavandi, C.K. Loo, Condition monitoring of induction
motors: A review and an application of an ensemble of hybrid intelligent
models, Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 41 (2014), pp. 4891–4903. Doi.
org/10.1016/j.eswa.2014.02.028.
[39] G.C. Stone, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of motor and stator windings
– a review, Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 20 (6) (2013) 77–95.
[40] S. Yang, D. Xiang, A. Bryant, P. Mawby, L. Ran, P. Tavner, Condition Monitoring
for device reliability in power electronic converters: a review, power
electronics, vol. 25, (2010). Doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2010.2049377.
[41] S.K. Nithin, K. Hemanth, V. Shamanth, A review on combustion and vibration
condition monitoring of IC engine, Mater. Today:. Proc. (2020) 22–235.
[42] Y. Duan, H. Toliyat, A review of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis for
permanent magnet machines, 2017, 9-12.
[43] Y. Zhou, W. Xue, Review of tool condition monitoring methods in milling
processes, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Tech. (2018) 2509–2523, https://doi.org/10.1007/
s00170-018-1768-5.
S.K. Nithin, K. Hemanth, V. Shamanth et al. Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

[44] JARI REPO, Condition monitoring of machine tools and machining processes Further Reading
using internal sensor signals, School of Industrial Engineering and
Management, (2010), pp. 99-120. ISBN 978-91-7415-600-3.
[1] S. Delvecchio, P. Bonfiglio, F. Pompoli, Vibro-acoustic condition monitoring of
[45] G.C. Khoury, D.C. Zimmerman, Development of pretest planning
internal combustion engines: a critical review of existing techniques, Mech.
methodologies for load dependent Ritz vectors, Conf. Proc. Soc. Experimental
Syst. Sig. Process. 99 (2018) 661–683, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
Mech. Series 5 (2011) 15–46, https://doi.org/10.2478/v10048-011-0030-1.
ymssp.2017.06.033.
[46] C.K. Mechefske, Machine condition monitoring and fault diagnostics, Vibration
and Shock Handbook (2014) 25–124.

View publication stats