Solution

CLASS 10 WORKSHEET CHAP TRIANGLES, COORDINATE GEOMETRY, PROBABILITY

Class 10 - Mathematics

1.
(b) ∠B = ∠D
Explanation: Using SAS property of similar triangle theorem, △ ABC ∼△ EDF , we get this option as correct.
If in triangle ABC and EDF, = then ∠B = ∠D
AB

ED
BC

DF

2.
(b) 9 m

Explanation:

In triangles ABC and DEC,

∠ A = ∠ D [Each 90o]
∠ C = ∠ C [Common]

Therefore, ΔABC ∼ ΔDEC [AA similarity]

AB AC
⇒ =
DE DC
6 AC
⇒ =
1.5 3

⇒ AC = 12 m
Therefore, the distance between the woman and pole is 12 - 3 = 9 m
3.
(d) 5.4 cm
Explanation: △ABC ∼ △ DEF
AB BC AC
∴ = =
DE EF DF
AB+BC+AC 30
= =
DE+EF+DF 18

BC = 9cm
9 30 9×18 27
∴ = ⇒ EF = =
EF 18 30 5

∴ EF = 5.4cm

4.
(c) ΔF DE ∼ ΔC AB.
Explanation: If in two triangles ABC and DEF, AB

DE
=
BC

FE
=
CA

FD
, then ΔF DE ∼ ΔC AB

because for similarity, all the corresponding sides should be in proportion.

5.
(c) 1.5 m

Explanation:

Let AB and AC be the vertical stick and its shadow, respectively.

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 According to the question:
AB = 1.8 m
AC = 45 cm = 0.45 m
Again, let DE and DF be the pole and its shadow, respectively.
According to the question:
DE = 6 m
DF = ?
Now, in right-angled triangles ABC and DEF, we have:
∠BAC = ∠ EDF = 90°
∠ACB = ∠ DFE (Angular elevation of the Sun at the same time)
Therefore, by AA similarity theorem,
we get:△ABC∼ △ DEF
AB DE 1.8 6 6×0.45
⇒ = ⇒ = ⇒ DF = = 1.5m
AC DF 0.45 DF 1.8

6. (a) Two triangles are similar if their corresponding sides are proportional.
Explanation: Two similar figures are similar if they have same shape, not size in every case.
7. (a) 16 cm
Explanation: △ABC ∼ ΔDEF
2 AB = DE, BC = 8 cm
AB 1
=
DE 2

∵ △ABC ∼ △DEF
AB BC
∴ =
DE EF
1 8
⇒ = ⇒ EF = 2 × 8 = 16
2 EF

Hence EF = 16 cm
8. (a) Similar but not congruent.
Explanation: In △ABC and △PQR ∠ B = ∠ Q, ∠ R = ∠ C and AB = 2QR
Then, the triangles are similar, by AA similarity rule, but not congruent because, for congruency, sides should also be equal.
9.
(b) similar but not congruent
Explanation: In △ABC and △DEF,
∠ B = ∠ E, ∠ F = ∠ C and AB = 3DE

The triangles are similar as two angles are equal but including sides are not proportional.
10.
(c) 35 cm

Explanation:

Given: ΔABC ∼ ΔP QR
Perimeter of ΔABC AB
∴ =
Perimeter of ΔPQR PQ

Perimeter of ΔABC 9.1

⇒ =
25 6.5

⇒ Perimeter of ΔABC = 35 cm
11. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
We know that if a line is parallel to one side of a triangle then it divides the other two sides in the same ratio. This is the Basic
Proportionality theorem. So, the Reason is correct.

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 By Basic Proportionality theorem, we have AD

DB
=
AE

EC
EC EC
⇒
DB

AD
=
AE
⇒
DB

AD
+1= AE
+1
DB+AD EC+AE AB AC AD AE
⇒ = ⇒ = ⇒ =
AD AE AD AE AB AC

So, the Assertion is correct.

12. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Applicability of converse of Basic Proportionality Theorem, i.e., of Thale’s theorem.
13.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Two similar triangles of equal area are always congruent.
14.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: A is true but R is false.
15.
(b) 2
Explanation: In △ABC, DE || BC
AD AE
∴ =
DB EC
x+3 x
⇒ =
3x+19 3x+4

⇒ (x + 3) (3x + 4) = x (3x + 19)

⇒ 3x2 + 4x + 9x + 12 = 3x2 + 19x
⇒ 3x2 + 13x + 12 = 3x2 + 19x
⇒ 12 = 3x2 + 19x − 3x2 − 13x
⇒ 12 = 6x ⇒ x = =2 12

∴ x=2
16.
(b) x = 16, y = 8.
Explanation: In ΔPCQ∼ΔDCB (AA similarity) ⇒ 11

22
=
8

x
⇒ x = 16
y
In ΔSAR∼ΔBAD (AA similarity) ⇒ 3

6
=
16
⇒ y=8
or
mid-point Theorem

17.
(b) 16 cm
Explanation: ΔPSR∼ΔPRQ(AA Similarity) ⇒ 4

8
=
8

PQ
⇒ PQ = 16cm

18.
(d) 4 cm.
Explanation: Since XY ||BC , then using Thales theorem,
AX XY
⇒ =
AB BC
3 XY
⇒ =
4.5 6

⇒ XY = 4 cm
19.
(b) AP =
1

2
AB
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
Explanation: AP = √(2 − 4) 2 2
+ (1 − 2)

−−−− –
= √4 + 1 = √5 = units
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
AB = √(8 − 4) + (4 − 2)

−−−−− −− –
= √16 + 4 = √20 = 2√5 units
Here AB = 2 × AP
1
∴ AP = 2
AB

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20.
–
(c) √10units
Explanation: A(4, 9), B(2, 3) and C(6, 5) are the vertices of △ABC
Let median CD has been drawn C(6, 5)

∴ D is mid point of AB
4+2 9+3
D= ( , )
2 2

∴ D(3, 6)
∴ Length of CD
−−−−−−−−−−−−−− − −− −−−−−−−
2 2 2 2
= √(6 − 3) + (5 − 6) = √3 + (−1)

−−−− −−
= √9 + 1 = √10 units

21.
(c) x
Explanation: Since coordinates of any point on the x-axis is (x, 0)
Therefore, abscissa is x.
22.
(d) a = 0, b = 4
Explanation: In parallelogram ABCD, diagonals AC and AD bisect each other at O.
O is mid-point of AC.

∴ Co-ordinates of O will be
−1+3 2+1 2 3 3
( , ) or ( , ) or (1, )
2 2 2 2 2

∵ O is mid-point of BD
2+a −1+b 3
∴ = 1 and = ⇒ 2 + a= 2
2 2 2

and -1 + b = 3 ⇒ b = 3 + 1 = 4
∴ a = 0, b = 4
23.
(d) (0, -1)
Explanation: Given a parallelogram ABCD whose three vertices are;
A ( - 2, 3), B (6, 7) and C (8, 3)

Let the fourth vertex of parallelogram, D = (x4, y4) and L, M be the middle points of AC and BD, respectively
−2+8 3+3
L=( 2
,
2
) = (3, 3)

Since, mid - point of a line segment having points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2)

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 x1 + x2 y1 + y2
= 2
,
2

and
6+x4 7+y4
M= 2
,
2

As we know ABCD is a parallelogram, therefore diagonals AC and BD will bisect each other.
So, L and M are the same points
6+x4 7+y4
3= 2
and 3 = 2

⇒ 6 = 6 + x4 and 6 = 7 + y4
⇒ x4 = 0 and y4 = 6 – 7
∴ x4 = 0 and y4 = - 1
Hence, the fourth vertex of parallelogram is D = (x4, y4) = (0, -1)

24.
1 2
(c) a(t + t
)

−2a
Explanation: The distance between (at 2
, 2at) and ( a

2
,
t
)
t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
−2a
= √( a

2
− at )
2
+ (
t
− 2at)
t

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
= a√ 1

4
+ t
4
− 2 +
4

2
+ 4t
2
+ 8
t t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
= a√ 1

4
+ t
4
+
4

2
+ 4t
2
+ 6
t t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
= a√ 1

4
+ t
4
+ 4 + 2 +
4

2
+ 4t
2

t t
−−−−−−−−−−−−
2

= a√(t 2
+
1

2
+ 2)
t

= a (t 2
+
1

2
+ 2)
t

2
= a(t + 1

t
) units

25.
x2 +kx1 y +ky
(b) ( 1+k
,
2

1+k
1
)

Explanation: Let coordinates of P be (x, y) which divides the line joining A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) in the ratio 1 : k
m1 : m2 = 1 : k
m1 x2 + m2 x1
∴ x= m1 + m2

1× x2 +k× x1 x2 +kx1
= 1+k
= 1+k
m1 y + m2 y
And y = 2

m1 + m2
1

1× y +k× y
= 2

1+k
1

y2 +ky1
= 1+k

x2 +kx1 y +ky
∴ P( 1+k
,
2

1+k
1
)

26.
(d) 3:1
Explanation: The point lies on y-axis
Its abscissa will be zero
Let the point divides the line segment joining the points (-3, -4) and (1, -2) in the ratio m:n
m x2 +n x1 m×1+n×(−3)
∴ 0 = ⇒ 0 =
m+n m+n
m−3n
⇒ = 0 ⇒ m − 3n = 0
m+n
m 3
⇒ m = 3n ⇒ =
n 1

∴ Ratio = 3:1
x1 + x2 y1 + y2
27. (a) ( 2
,
2
)

x1 + x2 y1 + y2
Explanation: we know that the midpoint formula = 2
, 2

x1 + x2 y +y
The coordinates of the mid-point of the line segment joining the points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is given by( 2
,
1

2
2
).

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28. (a) 2
Explanation: O(k, -1) is the centroid of triangle whose vertices are
A(3, -5), B(-7, 4), C(10, -k)
x1 + x2 + x3
∴ k =
3
3−7+10 6
⇒ k = = = 2
3 3

29.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: PQ = 10
PQ2 = 100
(10 - 2)2 + (y + 3)2 = 100
(y + 3)2 = 100 - 64 = 36
y + 3 = ±6
y = -3 ±6
y = 3, -9
30.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
−−−−−−−−−−−−−− − −−−− −−
Explanation: It will be √(a − 0) + (b − 0) = √a + b 2 2 2 2

31.
(c) -4
Explanation: Q (3, y) divides AB in the ratio 2 : 1
2×1+1×7 2×(−5)+1×(−2)
so Q is ( 2+1
,
2+1
) , is
hence, = -4
32.
(d) (x, y)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
Explanation: AB = √(2x − 0) + (0 − 2y)

−−− −−−−− −−−−−−

= √4x 2
+ 4y 2 = 2√x 2
+ y2 units
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
BO = √(0 − 2x) 2
+ (0 − 0)
2

−−−
= √4x = 2x units
2

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
AO = √(0 − 0) 2
+ (0 − 2y)
2

−−
−
= √4y = 2y units
2

−−−−−− 2 2 2
Now, AB 2
= AO
2 2 2 2
+ B O ⇒ (2√x + y ) = (2x) + (2y)

2 2 2 2
⇒4 (x + y ) = 4 (x + y )

Therefore, triangle AOB is an isosceles right-angled triangle.

Since the coordinate of the point which is equidistant from the three vertices of a right-angled triangle is the coordinates of
mid-point of its hypotenuse.
0+2x 2y+0
∴ Mid-point of AB = ( 2
,
2
) = (x,y)

33. (a) 0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1

Explanation: The probability of any event is always positive. It could be at the least equal to zero but not less than that. The
probability of sure event at the maximum could be equal to 1 so probability lies between 0 and 1 both included.
34.
(d) 1

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 Explanation: Total outcomes of selecting a number from 30 numbers = 30
Favourable numbers (prime numbers) = 10,
i.e., (2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29)
10 1
∴ Probability of selecting a prime number = 30
=
3

1
35. (a) 3

Explanation: Total number of balls in the bag = 3 + 4 + 5 = 12.

Number of non-black and non-white balls = 4.
∴ P (getting a ball which is neither black nor white) =
4 1
=
12 3

36.
(d) 4

Explanation: Total number of tickets = 6 + 24 = 30.

Number of blanks = 24.
∴ P{not getting a prize} = ​​
24 4
=
30 5

37.
(d) 1

Explanation: Number of all possible outcomes = 6.

Even numbers are 2,4, 6. Their number is 3.
3 1
∴ P (getting an even number) = 6
=
2

1
38. (a) 2

Explanation: Possible outcomes of tossing three coins are:

(HHH), (HHT), (HTH), (THH), (TTT), (TTH), (THT),(HTT)
here H and T are denoted for Head and Tail.
Total outcomes = 8
no. of outcomes with at least two heads = 4
∴ required probability =
4 1
=
8 2

39.
(b) 6

23

Explanation: Total number of students = 23

Number of students in house A, B and C = 4 + 8 + 5 = 17
∴ Remaining students = 23 - 17 = 6
6
So, probability that the selected student is not from A, B and C = 23

40.
(b) 3

10

Explanation: Total numbers are Σx i = 10

x f

3 1

5 2

7 3

9 4
3×1+5×2+7×3+9×4
Average = 10
3+10+21+36
= 10
=
70

10
= 7

∴ m=3
∴ Probability of average number =
3

10

41.
3
(c) 26

Explanation: Total number of cards = 52.

Number of black face cards = 6

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 (2 kings + 2 queens + 2 jacks).
∴ P (getting a face card) =
6 3
=
52 26

42.
(b) 7

Explanation: Total number of marbles = 3 + 2 + 4 = 9.

Number of non-white marbles = 3 + 4 = 7.
7
∴ P (getting a non-white marble) = 9

43.
(b) 4
Explanation: Probability of guessing the correct answer
x
=
12

and probability of not guessing the correct

answer = 2

3
x 2 ¯
+ = 1 ∵ (A + A = 1)
12 3
x 2 1 12
⇒ = 1 − = ⇒ x = = 4
12 3 3 3

∴ x=4
44.
(b) 1

Explanation: Total number of tickets = 40.

Tickets bearing the numbers as multiple of 7 bear the numbers 7,14, 21,28,35.
Their number is 5.
5
∴ P (getting a multiple of 7) =
1
=
40 8

45. (a) 1

Explanation: In a non leap years, number of days = 365 i.e. 52 weeks + 1 day
∴ Probability of being 53 Sundays = =m 1 1
=
n No. of day in a week 7

46.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
47. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
48. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Swimmer in Distress: A lifeguard located 20 metre from the water spots a swimmer in distress. The swimmer is 30 metre from
shore and 100 metre east of the lifeguard. Suppose the lifeguard runs and then swims to the swimmer in a direct line, as shown in
the figure.

(i)

△ ABC ∼ △DEC
20 x
=
30 100−x

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 2000 - 20x = 30x
2000 = 50x
x = 40 m
(ii) AA
(iii)60 metres
(iv)AD = AC + CD
−−− −−−−− −−− −−−−2
2 2 2
= √20 + 40 + √60 + 30
−−−−−− −−− −−−−−−− −−
= √400 + 1600 + √3600 + 900
−−−− −−−−
= √2000 + √4500
– –
⇒ 20√5 + 30√5​
–
⇒ 50√5 m

49. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

The centroid is the centre point of the object. It is also defined as the point of intersection of all the three medians. The median is a
line that joins the midpoint of a side and the opposite vertex of the triangle. The centroid of the triangle separates the median in
the ratio of 2 : 1. It can be found by taking the average of x-coordinate points and y-coordinate points of all the vertices of the
triangle. See the figure given below

Here D, E and F are mid points of sides BC, AC and AB in same order. G is centroid, the centroid divides the median in the ratio
2 : 1 with the larger part towards the vertex. Thus AG : GD = 2 : 1
On the basis of above information read the question below. If G is Centroid of △ABC with height h and J is Centroid of △ADE.
Line DE parallel to BC, cuts the △ABC at a height from BC. HF =
h

4
h

(i) ∴ AF = h (Given)
∴ AF = AH + HF

h = AH + h

AH = h - h

AH = 3h

(ii) ∵ AF = h (Given)
∴ AG = AF 2

centroid divide the median in 2 : 1

∵

(iii)AH = 3h

J is centroid of △ADE
AJ : JH = 2 : 1
let AJ = 2x and JH = x
2x + x = 3h

4
h
x= 4
h h
AJ = 2 × 4
= 2

AG = AJ + GJ
h h
= +
2 6

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 2h
=
3

But AJ = h

2
×
2

AJ = 3

4
AG
(iv)GJ = AG - AJ
= AG - AG 3

GJ = 1

4
AG
50. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
To raise social awareness about the hazards of smoking, a school decided to start a ‘No smoking’ campaign. 10 students are asked
to prepare campaign banners in the shape of a triangle. The vertices of one of the triangles are P(-3, 4), Q(3, 4) and R(-2, -1).

(i) We have, P(-3, 4), Q(3, 4) and R(-2, -1).

∴ Coordinates of centroid of △PQR

−3+3−2 4+4−1 −2
=( 3
,
3
) =( 3
,
7

3
)

(ii) Coordinates of T = ( −2+3

,
−1+4
) = (
1
,
3
)
2 2 2 2

(iii)Coordinates of U = ( −2−3
,
−1+4
) = (
−5
,
3
)
2 2 2 2

(iv)The centroid of the triangle formed by joining the mid-points of sides of a given triangle is the same as that of the given
triangle.
−2
So, centroid of △STU = ( 3
,
7

3
)

51. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

In order to facilitate smooth passage of the parade, movement of traffic on certain roads leading to the route of the Parade and
Tableaux ah rays restricted. To avoid traffic on the road Delhi Police decided to construct a rectangular route plan, as shown in the
figure.

(i) Q(x, y) is mid-point of B(-2, 4) and C(6, 4)

−2+6 4+4
∴ (x, y) = ( 2
,
2
) = (
4

2
,
8

2
) = (2, 4)
(ii) Since PQRS is a rhombus, therefore, PQ = QR = RS = PS.
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− − −−−− − −−
∴ PQ = √(−2 − 2) + (1 − 4) = √16 + 9 = √25 = 5 units
2 2

Thus, length of each side of PQRS is 5 units.

(iii)Length of route PQRS = 4 PQ
= 4 × 5 = 20 units
(iv)Length of CD = 4 + 2 = 6 units and length of AD = 6 + 2 = 8 units
∴ Length of route ABCD - 2(6 + 8) = 28 units

52. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

There is a function in the school. Anishka, Bhawna and Charu are standing in a rectangular ground at points A, B and C
respectively as shown in the figure. They are ready to perform an aerobic dance.

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 (i) Distance of Charu from y-axis = 8
(ii)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
Distance between Anishka and Bhawna = √(6 − 3) 2
+ (4 − 1)
2

−− −−−−
2 2
= √3 + 3
–
= 3√2
–
(iii)AB = 3√2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
BC = √(8 − 6) + (6 − 4) 2 2

−− −−−−
2 2
= √2 + 2
–
= 2√2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
AC = √(8 − 3) 2
+ (6 − 1)
2

−−−−−−
= √25 + 25
–
= 5√2
–
AC = 5√2
AB + BC = AC
(iv)Yes, because AB + BC = AC
53. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Over the past 200 working days, the number of defective parts produced by a machine is given in the following table:
Number of defective parts 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Number of days 50 32 22 18 12 12 10 10 10 8 6 6 2 2
(i) Total number of working days = 200.
Let E1 be the event that the output has 0 defective part on the chosen day. Then, required probability
P (event of producing 0 defective part on the chosen day)
= P(E1)
number of days when the output has 0 defective part
= total number of working days

= 50

200
= 1

4
= 0.25
(ii) Total number of working days = 200
Number of days on which the output has at least 1 defective part
= 200 - number of days with 0 defective part
= 200 - 50 = 150
Let E2 be the event that the output has at least 1 defective part on the chosen day. Then, required probability.
P(E2) = 150

200
= 3

(iii)Let E3 be the event that the output has not more than 5 defective parts, i.e., 5 or less defective parts, on the chosen day.
Then, required probability.
P(event that the output has not more than 5 defective parts on the chosen day)
= P(event that the output has 5 or less defective parts on the chosen day)
= P(E3)
number of days when the output has 5 or less def ective parts
= total number of working days

50+32+22+18+12+12 146 73
= 200
= 200
= 100
= 0.73
(iv)Total number of working days = 200
Let E4 be the event that the output has more than 5, but less than 8 defective parts on the chosen day. Then,
P(event that the output has more than 5 but less than 8 defective parts on the chosen day)

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 = P(E4)
number of days when the output has 6 or 7 def ective parts
= total number of working days

10+10 20
= 200
= 100
= 1

10
= 0.1
54. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
TERM INSURANCE PLAN
A particular term insurance company has two options in the application form before issuing the policy - Smoker or Non-smoker.
As a smoker has more chance of getting lung disease and death chance is comparatively higher. So premium payment is more for
a smoking person. Company gives a rider plan (i.e. for some critical diseases) along with normal term plan by paying some extra
premium money. In a certain time period, company issues 100 policies of which 30% are for smokers and rest for non-smoker
customers. Also, half the smokers and th of non-smoking customers have purchased a rider plan along with a normal plan.
2

(i)

P(Smoker with rider plan = favourable event

total possible outcomes

15
= 100

(ii)

P(non-smoker without rider plan) = 42

100

= 21

50

(iii)

15
P(smoker without rider plan) = 100

(iv)

28
P(non-smoker with rider plan) = 100
7
= 25

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