Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Chapter 24
Dual Nature of Radiation and

Matter
Solutions
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions (One option is correct)
1. The photoelectrons emitted from a surface of sodium metal are such that they
(1) All are of the same frequency
(2) Have the same kinetic energy
(3) Have the same de Broglie wavelength
(4) Have their speeds varying from zero to a certain maximum
Sol. Answer (4)
2. A photo cell is receiving light from a source placed at a distance of 1 m. If the same source is to be placed at
a distance of 2 m, then the ejected electron
(1) Moves with one-fourth energy as that of the initial energy
(2) Moves with one-fourth of momentum as that of the initial momentum
(3) Will be half in number
(4) Will be one-fourth in number
Sol. Answer (4)
1
Number of ejected electrons  (Intensity) 
(Distance)2
1
 An increment of distance two times will reduce the number of ejected electrons to th of the previous
4
one.
3. Stopping potential for photo electrons

(1) Does not depend on the frequency of the incident light
(2) Does not depend upon the nature of the cathode material
(3) Depends on both the frequency of the incident light and nature of the cathode material
(4) Depends upon the intensity of the incident light
Sol. Answer (3)
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Solutions of Assignment Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter 79
4. Assuming photo-emission to take place, the factor by which the maximum velocity of the emitted photo electrons
changes when the wavelength of the incident radiation is increased four times, is (assuming work function to be
negligible in comparison to hc/)
1 1
(1) 4 (2) (3) 2 (4)
4 2
Sol. Answer (4)
hc 2 1
Assuming work function to be negligible in comparison to i.e., v max 
 
1
 v max 

5. The maximum wavelength of radiation that can produce photoelectric effect in a certain metal is 200 nm. The
maximum kinetic energy acquired by electron due to radiation of wavelength 100 nm will be
(1) 12.4 eV (2) 6.2 eV (3) 100 eV (4) 200 eV
Sol. Answer (2)
⎡ 1 1 ⎤
Kmax (eV)  12375 ⎢  ⎥
⎣ (Å)  0 (Å) ⎦
⎡ 1 1 ⎤
K max (eV)  12375 ⎢  ⎥  6.2 eV
⎣ 1000 2000 ⎦
6. The stopping potential V for photo-electric emission from a metal surface is plotted along Y-axis and frequency
 of incident light along X-axis. A straight line is obtained as shown. Planck’s constant is given by
V
 X
(1) Slope of the line

(2) Product of slope on the line and charge on the electron
(3) Product of intercept along Y-axis and mass of the electron
(4) Product of slope and mass of electron

Sol. Answer (2)
h 
v0  
e e
h
Slope =
e
80 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter Solutions of Assignment
7. In an experiment on photoelectric effect the frequency  of the incident light is plotted against the stopping
potential V0. The work function of the photoelectric surface is given by (e is electronic charge)
V0
A
O 0 X

B
(1) OB × e in eV (2) OB in volt
(3) OA in eV (4) The slope of the line AB
Sol. Answer (1)
⎛ h⎞ 
v0  ⎜ ⎟ v 
⎝ e⎠ e

OB 
e
 = OB  e
8. The threshold frequency for a metallic surface corresponds to an energy of 6.2 eV and the stopping potential for
a radiation incident on this surface is 5 V. The incident radiation lies in
(1) Ultraviolet region (2) Infrared region (3) Visible region (4) X-ray region
Sol. Answer (1)
From Einstein’s photoelectric equation
h = h0 + eV0
= 6.2 + 5
= 11.2 eV
hc
  1108.9 Å
11.2 (eV)
Ultraviolet region
9. Two identical photocathodes receive light of frequencies f1 and f2. If the velocities of the photo electrons (of
mass m) coming out are respectively v1 and v2 then
(1) f1 – f2 

m v12 – v 22  (2) f1  f2 

m v12 – v 22  (3) f1 – f2 

m v12  v 22  (4) f1  f2 

m v12  v 22 
2h 2h 2h 2h
Sol. Answer (1)
1
hf  hf0  mv 2
2
2hf1 2hf0
v12  
m m
2hf2 2hf0
v 22  
m m
m(v12  v 22 )
 f1  f2 
2h
10. Specific heat of water is 4.2 J/g°C. If light of frequency 3 × 109 Hz is used to heat 400 gm of water from 20°C
to 40°C, the number of photons needed will be
(1) 1.69 × 1029 (2) 1.69 × 1028 (3) 2.80 × 104 (4) 2.80 × 105
Sol. Answer (3)

E = nh
msT = nh
ms T
 n
h
400  4.2  (40  20)


6.626  10 34  3  109
 1.69  1028 photons
1.69  1028
= mole photons
6.023  1023
= 2.8  104 mole photons
11. A red bulb and violet bulb of equal power emits nR and nV number of photons in a given time, then
(1) nR = nV (2) nR > nV (3) nR < nV (4) nR  nV
Sol. Answer (2)
hc
E

Then energy in time t is given by

nE = pt
pt pt 
n 
E hc
pt  R
nR 
hc
pt v
nv 
hc
nR 
 R ;  R  v ⇒ nR  nv
nv v
12. For a certain metal,  is five times the 0 and the maximum velocity of coming out photo electrons is 8 × 106.
If  = 20, the maximum velocity of photo electrons will be
(1) 4 × 106 m/s (2) 6 × 106 m/s (3) 8 × 106 m/s (4) 1 × 106 m/s
Sol. Answer (1)
1
m(8  106 )2  h(5 0  0 )
2
1
mv 2  h(20  0 )
2
(8  106 )2 4 0

v 2 0
(8  106 )2
 v2   4  106 m/s
4
13. Ultraviolet light of wavelength 66.26 nm and intensity 2 W/m2 falls on potassium surface by which photo electrons
are ejected. If only 0.1% of the incident photons produce photo electrons, and surface area of metal surface is
4 m2, how many electrons are emitted per second?
(1) 2.67 × 1018 (2) 3 × 1015 (3) 3.33 × 1017 (4) 4.17 × 1016
Sol. Answer (1)
Intensity  area 24

np    2.67  1018
Enregy per quanta ⎧⎪ (6.626  10 34 )  (3  10)8 ⎫⎪
⎨ ⎬
⎩⎪ (66.26  10 9 ) ⎭⎪
14. Two sources A and B have same power. The wavelength of radiation of A is a and that of B is b. The number
of photons emitted per second by A and B are na and nb respectively, then
(1) If a < b, na = nb (2) If a > b, na < nb (3) If a < b, na < nb (4) If a > b, na = nb
Sol. Answer (3)
nhc
p

n
15. The work function of a certain metal is 2.3 eV. If light of wave number 2 × 106 m–1 falls on it, the kinetic energies
of fastest and slowest ejected electron will be respectively
(1) 2.48 eV, 0.18 eV (2) 0.18 eV, zero (3) 2.30 eV, 0.18 eV (4) 0.18 eV, 0.18 eV
Sol. Answer (2)
(KE)min = 0 (For photoelectric effect)
and (KE)max = h– h0
= hc   h0
(6.626  10 34 )  (3  108 )  (2  106 )

=  2.3
1.602  10 19
= 2.48 – 2.3 = 0.18 eV
16. When the electromagnetic radiations of frequencies 4 × 1015 Hz and 6 × 1015 Hz fall on the same metal in
different experiments, the ratio of maximum kinetic energy of electrons liberated is 1 : 3. The threshold frequency
for the metal is
(1) 2 × 1015 Hz (2) 1 × 1015 Hz (3) 3 × 1015 Hz (4) 1.67 × 1015 Hz
Sol. Answer (3)
For first experiment h  4  1015 = h0 + x …(i)
For second experiment h6 1015 = h0 + 3x …(ii)
From (i) and (ii) 0 = 3  1015 Hz
17. The number of photons emitted by a 60 W bulb per second, if 10% of the electrical energy supplied to an
incandescent light bulb is radiated as visible light, ( = 6000 Å) is
(1) 1.8 × 1019 (2) 1.8 × 1016 (3) 1.8 × 1011 (4) 1.8 × 1021
Sol. Answer (1)
nhc 10 60
  6
 100 1
6
n  1.8  1019
hc
18. Find the ratio of de Broglie wavelength of molecules of hydrogen and helium which are at temperatures 27°C
and 127°C respectively
5 8 3 3
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 3 5 8
Sol. Answer (2)
H mHeTHe 4(273  127) 8

  
He mHTH 2(273  27) 3
19. An electron of mass m when accelerated through a potential difference V has de Broglie wavelength . The de
Broglie wavelength associated with a proton of mass M accelerated through the same potential difference will
be
m M m M
(1)  (2)  (3)  (4) 
M m M m
Sol. Answer (3)
h

2mE
1
 
m
E = same
20. If an electron and a photon propagate in the form of waves having the same wavelength, it implies that they have
the same
(1) Energy (2) Momentum (3) Velocity (4) Angular momentum
Sol. Answer (2)
1

p
21. The wavelength of the matter wave is independent of

(1) Mass (2) Velocity (3) Momentum (4) Charge
Sol. Answer (4)
22. The graph between intensity of light falling on a metallic plate (I) with the current (i) generated is
i i i i
(1) (2) (3) (4)
I I I I
Sol. Answer (2)

Photocurrent (i) directly proportional to light intensity (l) falling on a photosensitive plate.
 il
23. A point source of light is used in an experiment on photoelectric effect. Which of the following curves best
represents the variation of photocurrent (i) with distance (d) of the source from emitter?
i
a
b
d c
(1) a (2) b (3) c (4) d

Sol. Answer (4)
1
l and photocurrent i  l
d2
1
l
d2
24. From the figure describing photoelectric effect we may infer correctly that
Stopping
potential Na Al
Frequency
  of incident
radiation ()
(1) Na and Al both have the same threshold frequency
(2) Maximum kinetic energy for both the metals depend linearly on the frequency
(3) The stopping potentials are different for Na and Al for the same change in frequency
(4) Al is better photosensitive material than Na
Sol. Answer (2)
Stopping potential equals to maximum kinetic energy. Stopping potential is varying linearly with the frequency.
25. An oil drop having a charge q and apparent weight W falls with a terminal speed v in absence
of electric field. When electric field is switched on it starts moving up with terminal speed v. The strength of
electric field is
W 2W W 4W
(1) (2) (3) (4)
q q 2q q
Sol. Answer (2)
F viscous = K qE
W W F viscous = K 
Case I Case II
For Case I :
W = K
Case II :
W + K = qE
2W
E
q
26. An electron and a photon have same wavelength , what is ratio of their kinetic energies?
h 2me c h
(1) (2) (3) 1 : 1 (4)
m e c h 2me c
Sol. Answer (4)
For the electron For the photon
h hc
 E2 
2me E1 
h2
 E1 
2m e  2
E1 h
So, E  2m c 
2 e
27. The number of photons ( = 6630 Å) that strike per second on a totally reflecting screen (as shown in figure),
so that a force of 1 N is exerted on the screen, is approximately
30°
(1) 1023 (2) 1027 (3) 1025 (4) 1026
Sol. Answer (2)
dp
F
dt
⎛ h⎞
F  2n ⎜ ⎟ cos 60 [Here n number of photons are incident in unit time]
⎝ ⎠
2n  6.63  10 34 1
 1 7

6.63  10 2
6.63  10 7
 n = 1027
6.63  10 34
28. 1.5 mW of 400 nm light is directed at a photoelectric cell. If 0.1 percent of the incident photons produce
photoelectrons, the saturation current in the cell is
(1) 0.48 A (2) 0.74 A (3) 0.56 A (4) Zero
Sol. Answer (1)
Power = nhf, Here n is the number of photons incident in unit time.
n  6.63  10 –34  3  108

1.5 × 10–3 =
400  10 –9
  n = 30.16 × 1014
0.1
  Photocurrent =  30.16  10 –14  1.6  10 –19 = 48.26 × 10–18 = 0.48 A.
100
29. Maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons emitted from a metal surface, when light of wavelength  is incident

on it, is 1 eV. When a light of wavelength is incident on the surface, maximum kinetic energy becomes 4
3
times. The work function of the metal is
hc hc 2hc hc
(1) (2) (3) (4)
 3  2
Sol. Answer (2)
From Einstein’s photoelectric equation
hc
–  = Kmax = 1eV

3hc
–  = 4eV

3hc ⎛ hc ⎞
 – 4⎜ – ⎟
 ⎝  ⎠
hc hc
 3  ⇒ .
 3
30. In a photo-emissive cell, with exciting wavelength 1, the maximum kinetic energy of electron is K. If the exciting
wavelength is changed to 2, the maximum kinetic energy of electron is 2 K then
2
(1) 1 = 22 (2) 1 > 22 (3) 1 < 22 (4) 1 =
2
Sol. Answer (3)
Einstein’s photoelectric equation,
hc
K max  

hc
 K   
1
hc
 2K    
2
hc hc
 2   2    
1 2
2hc hc
  
1 2
2 1
  ⇒  1  2 2
1  2
31. A pulse of light of duration 100 ns is absorbed completely by a small object initially at rest. Power of the pulse
is 30 mW and the speed of light is 3 × 108 ms–1. The final momentum of the object is
[JEE(Advanced)-2013]
(1) 0.3 × 10–17 kg ms–1 (2) 1.0 × 10–17 kg ms–1 (3) 3.0 × 10–17 kg ms–1 (4) 9.0 × 10–17 kg ms–1
Sol. Answer (2)
E P t 30  10 –3  100  10 –9
p   8
 10 –17 kg ms –1
C C 3  10
32. A metal surface is illuminated by light of two different wavelengths 248 nm and 310 nm. The maximum speeds
of the photoelectrons corresponding to these wavelengths are u1 and u2, respectively. If the ratio u1 : u2 = 2 : 1
and hc = 1240 eV nm, the work function of the metal is nearly [JEE(Advanced)-2014]
(1) 3.7 eV (2) 3.2 eV (3) 2.8 eV (4) 2.5 eV
Sol. Answer (1)
1 hc
mu12  W
2 1
1 hc
mu22  W
2 2
hc
2 W
⎛ u1 ⎞ 1
⎜ ⎟ 
⎝ u2 ⎠ hc
W
2
4hc hc u
 4W   W (∵ 1  2)
2 1 u2
4hc hc
  3W
2 1
4  1240 1240
⇒   3 W  16 – 5 = 3 W
310 248
 11 = 3 W
 W = 3.7 eV
33. In a historical experiment to determine Planck's constant, a metal surface was irradiated with light of different
wavelengths. The emitted photoelectron energies were measured by applying a stopping potential. The relevant
data for the wavelength () of incident light and the corresponding stopping potential (V0) are given below :
 (m) V0 (volt)
0.3 2.0
0.4 1.0
0.5 0.4
Given that c = 3 × 108 ms–1 and e = 1.6 × 10–19 C, Planck's constant (in units of J s) found from such an
experiment is [JEE(Advanced)-2016]
(1) 6.0 × 10–34 (2) 6.4 × 10–34 (3) 6.6 × 10–34 (4) 6.8 × 10–34
Sol. Answer (2)
hc hc
  e(V1  V2 )
1  2
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions (More than one options are correct)
1. The stopping potenital for photoelectron emitted from a metal sufrace of work function 1.7 eV is 10.4 V. Select
correct choice
(1) The wavelength of light used is 1022 Å
(2) The wavelength of light used is 970.6 Å
(3) The light used is emitted by hydrogen gas sample which de-exciteds from n = 3 to n = 1
(4) The light lused is emitted by hydrogen gas smaple which de-excites from n = 4 to n = 1
Sol. Answer (1, 3)
Einstein photoelectric equation
hc
   eV0

hc
  (10.4  1.7)eV0

hc
  12.1 eV

12375
  Å = 1022 Å
12.1
For n = 3 to n = 1
1 ⎛ 1⎞
 R ⎜1  ⎟
 ⎝ 9⎠
9
  = 1022 Å
8R
2. Choose the correct statements regarding the phenomena of photoelectric effect
(1) Photoelectric effect was explained by Einstein considering wave nature of light
(2) If intensity of radiations incident on photosensitive material is increases, stopping potential increases
(3) Work function of gold is about 5.1 eV
(4) Slope of a graph between incident frequency (greater than threshold frequency) verses stopping potential
is independent of metal
Sol. Answer (3, 4)
(i) Einstein explains the photo electric effect consider photons (Particle nature of the light).
(ii) Stopping potential does not depend on intensity of the (3, 4)radiations
(iii) hf –  = eV0
h
slope = = constant
e
3. The figure shows the results of an experiment involving photoelectric effect. The graphs A, B, C and D relate
to a light beam having different wavelengths. Select the correct alternative
i current
A
B
C
D
V
(1) Beam B has highest frequency
(2) Beam C has longest wavelength
(3) Beam A has highest rate of photoelectric emission
(4) Highest momentum is possessed by some phats electrons emitted by B
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)
eV0 = h – w
hc
eV0 = –w

V0 = cut off potential,
w = work function
Beam B has highest cut off potential. It means beam B has photon of highest frequency. Beam C has
lowest cut-off potential. It means beam C has photon of longest wavelength. Beam A has maximum
saturation current. It means it has highest rate of electron emission.
4. Choose the correct alternative

(1) Ratio of de-Broglie wavelengths of proton and -particle of same kinetic energy is 2 : 1
(2) If neutron, -particle and -particle all are moving with same kinetic energy, -particle has maximum de-
Broglie wavelength
(3) de-Broglie hypothesis treats particles as waves
(4) de-Broglie hypothesis treats waves as made of particles
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3)

h

2mE
1 m2 4 2
  
2 m1 1 1
1
Since   so the de-Broglie hypothesis will be minimum for  particle
m
De Broglie hypothesis associates the matter wave with the particles.
5. For photo-electric effect with incident photon wavelength , the stopping potential is V0. Identify the correct
variation(s) of V0 with  and 1/. [JEE(Advanced)-2015]
V0 V0 V0 V0
(1) (2) (3) (4)

  1/ 1/
Sol. Answer (1, 3)
hC hC V0 V0
eV0  
 0
hC hC
V0  
e e 0
hC hC 0 1 1
V0   0 
e 0 e
6. Light of wavelength ph falls on a cathode plate inside a vacuum tube as shown in the figure. The work function
of the cathode surface is  and the anode is a wire mesh of conducting material kept at a distance d from
the cathode. A potential difference V is maintained between the electrodes. If the minimum de Broglie wavelength
of the electrons passing through the anode is e, which of the following statement(s) is(are) true?
[JEE(Advanced)-2016]
Light
Electrons
– +
V
(1) e increases at the same rate as ph for ph < hc/
(2) e is approximately halved, if d is doubled
(3) e decreases with increase in  and ph
(4) For large potential difference (V >> /e), e is approximately halved if V is made four times
Sol. Answer (4)
2
hc h
   eV 
 ph 2
2mee
SECTION - C
Linked Comprehension Type Questions
Comprehension-I
hf
Although a photon has no rest mass, but it possesses the inertial mass m  where h is Planck’s constant,
c2
f is frequency of light and c is speed of light. Since light is deflected by a gravitational field, so it is naturally
assured that photons have same gravitational behaviour as other particles. When photon is emitted from surface
of star of mass M and radius R, total energy of photon will be sum of hf and gravitational potential energy. At
a large distance from star, the photon is beyond the star’s gravitational field, so its gravitational potential energy
becomes zero but its total energy remains constant. So frequency of a photon emitted from surface of a star
decreases as it moves away from star. A photon in visible region of spectrum is thus shifted towards red end,
and this phenomena is known as gravitational red shift.
1. The potential energy of photon which is at surface of star is

(where, M = Mass of the star, R = Radius of the star, G = Universal gravitational constant)
hf GMhf GMhf
(1) hf (2) (3) 2 (4) –
2 c R c 2R
Sol. Answer (4)
GMm
Potential energy =
R
hf
m = mass of photon =
c2
GMhf
so, U 
Rc 2
f – f
2. If f  is frequency of photon when it is very far away from star then
f
GM GMh GM GMh
(1) 2 (2) 2 (3) 2 (4)
R c Rc c R Rc
Sol. Answer (3)

By energy conservation
GMhf
hf   hf   0
Rc 2
f ⎛ GM ⎞
  ⎜1  ⎟
f ⎝ Rc 2 ⎠
f  GM
 1 
f Rc 2
3. If a photon of original frequency f falls through a small height H near the earth's surface, then fractional charge
in frequency will be (acceleration due to gravity is g)
gH gH 2 c2 gH
(1) (2) (3) (4)
c c gH c2
Sol. Answer (4)
For near the surface of earth
mgH = hf  – hf
hf
 gH  h( f )
c2
f gH
  2
f c
Comprehension-II
A metal foil is at a certain distance from an isotropic point source that emits energy at the rate P. Let us
assume the classical physics to be applicable. The incident light energy will be absorbed continuously and
smoothly. The electrons present in the foil soak up the energy incident on them. For simplicity, we can assume
that the energy incident on a circular path of the foil with radius 5 × 10–11 m (about that of a typical atom) is
absorbed by a single electron. The electron absorbs sufficient energy to break through the binding forces and
comes out from the foil. By knowing the work function, we can calculate the time taken by an electron to come
out i.e., we can find out the time taken by photoelectric emission to start. As you will see in the following
questions, the time delay comes out to be large, which is not practically observed. The time lag is very small.
Apparently, the electron does not have to soak up energy. It absorbs energy all at once in a single photon
electron interaction.
1. If power of the source P is 1.5 W and distance of the foil from the source is 3.5 m, the energy received by an
electron per second is
(1) 7.65 × 10–23 W (2) 7.65 × 10–28 W (3) 7.65 × 10–15 W (4) 7.65 × 10–10 W
Sol. Answer (1)
Energy received by an electron per second
= Surface area of electron × intensity
P
= A
4R 2
–11 2 1.5
= (5  10 ) 
4    (3.5)2
= 7.65 × 10–23 W.
2. If work function of the metal of the foil is 2.2 eV, the time taken by electron to come out is nearly
(1) 1.3 minutes (2) 1.3 hour (3) 1.3 × 10–3 hour (4) 1.3 s
Sol. Answer (2)
2.2  1.6  10 –19

Time taken =
7.65  10 –23
= 4.6 × 103 sec
= 1.3 hr.
3. The experimental observations show that the waiting time for emission of electrons is 10–8s. This observation
contradicts the calculations based on classical physics view of light energy. Thus we have to assume that
during photoelectron emission
(1) An electron absorbs energy falling on a greater area than the size of atom
(2) Absorption of energy takes place at once by absorption of a photon
(3) Intensity of source must be strong
(4) Frequency of incident light must be high to supply energy at a higher rate
Sol. Answer (2)
SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. STATEMENT-1 : An electron cannot be observed without changing its momentum by an indeterminate amount.
and
h
STATEMENT-2 : Momentum of an electron is where  is its wavelength.

Sol. Answer (2)

(a) This follows from Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle
h
(b)   [de-Broglie hypothesis]
p
2. STATEMENT-1 : An electron microscope can achieve better resolving power than an optical microscope.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The de Broglie wavelength of the electrons emitted from an electron gun is much less than
500 nm.
Sol. Answer (1)
Resolving power is inversely proportion to wavelength
light  4000 Å
e  0.1 Å
3. STATEMENT-1 : In compton effect, the scattered photon has wavelength more than the incident photon.
and
STATEMENT-2 : Energy and momentum are conserved during the scattering of a photon by an electron.
Sol. Answer (1)
In compton effect, scattered photon has less energy compared to that of incident photon because a part of
energy of incident photon is last during collision with an electron.
4. STATEMENT-1 : Photoelectric effect can take place only with an electron bound in the lattice.
and
STATEMENT-2 : A free electron can never absorb a photon.
Sol. Answer (1)
Photoelectric effect can take place only when photon collides with an electron bound in the lattice.
SECTION - E
Matrix-Match Type Questions
1. Match the following
Column-I Column-II
(A) Photoelectric effect (p) Wave nature of particles
(B) Quantization of angular momentum of (q) Particle nature of light
electron
(C) Compton effect (r) Collision between a photon and electron
(D) Absorption of light by hydrogen gas (s) Standing electron wave
Sol. Answer A(q, r), B(p, s), C(q, r), D(q, r)
(A) Photoelectric effect is explained by particle nature of light. Energy photon is used for photoelectric
emission of the electrons
nh
(B) L = mvr =
2
nh
 2r = = n  C = n
p
Circumference is integral multiple of de-Broglie wavelength of the electrons.
(C) Compton effect  When a photon is scattered by electron, the wavelength of the scatter photon is
higher than the original wavelength
(D) Hydrogen absorbs light of certain wavelength only because energy of photon is given by
hc
E=

2. Some laws/processes are given in Column I. Match these with the physical phenomena given in Column II.
[IIT-JEE-2007]
Column I Column II
(A) Transition between two atomic energy levels (p) Characteristic X-rays
(B) Electron emission from a material (q) Photoelectric effect
(C) Mosley’s law (r) Hydrogen spectrum
(D) Change of photon energy into kinetic (s) -decay
energy of electrons
Sol. Answer A(p, r), B(q, s), C(p), D(q)
SECTION - F
Integer Answer Type Questions
1. The photoelectric work function of potassium is 3.0 eV. If light having a wavelength of 2475 Å falls on potassium.
Find the stopping potential in volts.
Sol. Answer (2)
12375 12375
Ein eV     4.4 eV
 2800
Kmax = 4.4 – 2.4 = 2 eV

Kmax = eV0
 Stopping potential = 2 volt.
2. An electron is accelerated by a potential difference of 9.375 V. Find the de-Broglie wavelength associated with
it in Å.
Sol. Answer (4)
h 150
 
2qVm V
150
  16  4
9.375
3. An -particle and a proton are accelerated from rest by a potential difference of 100 V. After this, their
p
de-Broglie wavelengths are  and p respectively. The ratio , to the nearest integer, is [IIT-JEE-2010]

Sol. Answer (3)
h h
 
mv 2mqV
h
p 
2  m  eV
h p
  
2  (4m )  (2e )V 2 2
p
2 2 3

4. A silver sphere of radius 1 cm and work function 4.7 eV is suspended from an insulting thread in free-space. It
is under continuous illumination of 200 nm wavelength light. As photoelectrons are emitted, the sphere gets
charged and acquires a potential. The maximum number of photoelectrons emitted from the sphere is A × 10Z
(where 1 < A < 10). The value of Z is [IIT-JEE-2011]
Sol. Answer (7)
hc
   ev 0

ne
v0 
4 0 r
1240 ⎛ xne ⎞
eV  4.7eV  eV
200 ⎜⎝ 4 r ⎟⎠
0
9  199  n  1.6  10 –19

6.2 – 4.7 
10 –2
1.5  10 2
n  1.04  107  7
9  1.6  10 10
5. A proton is fired from very far away towards a nucleus with charge Q = 120 e, where e is the electronic charge.
It makes a closest approach of 10 fm to the nucleus. The de Broglie wavelength (in units of fm) of the proton at
⎛5⎞ 1 9
its start is: (take the proton mass, m p = ⎜ ⎟  10 kg; h/e = 4.2 10 –15 J.s/C; 4  9  10 . m/F;
27
⎝3⎠ 0
1 fm  10–15 m )
Sol. Answer (7)
120e  e p2 h2
  2
4 0 (10  10 15 ) 2m   2m
2 h2 40  10 14
   
2m 120e 2
h 40  10 4
  
e 2  120  m
15 10 14  3
= 4.2  10 
9  109  2  120  5  10 27
= 7 × 10–15 m
= 7 fm
6. In a photoelectric experiment a parallel beam of monochromatic light with power of 200 W is incident on a
perfectly absorbing cathode of work function 6.25 eV. The frequency of light is just above the threshold
frequency so that the photoelectrons are emitted with negligible kinetic energy. Assume that the photoelectron
emission efficiency is 100%. A potential difference of 500 V is applied between the cathode and the anode.
All the emitted electrons are incident normally on the anode and are absorbed. The anode experiences a
force F = n × 10–4 N due to the impact of the electrons. The value of n is ______. Mass of the electron
me = 9 × 10–31 kg and 1.0 eV = 1.6 × 10–19 J. [JEE(Advanced)-2018]
Sol. Answer (24.00)
P = 200 J/s
200
No. of photons per second (N) = = 2 × 1020
(6.25  1.6  10 –19 )
p  2m (KE)  2m (eV)
 2  9  10 –31  1.6  10 –19  500

= 12 × 10–24
 F = p × N = 12 × 10–24 × 2 × 1020 = 24 × 10–4 N
SECTION - G
Multiple True-False Type Questions
1. STATEMENT-1 : An isolated and free electron cannot absorb a photon completely.

STATEMENT-2 : All material particles behave wave like when in motion.
STATEMENT-3 : Light of intensity I, falls normally upon a plane mirror (perfectly reflecting surface). The pressure
2I
exerted is .
c
(1) T F T (2) F F F (3) T T F (4) T T T
Sol. Answer (4)
SECTION - H
Aakash Challengers Questions
1. A point source of light of constant power P is placed at centre of curvature of a concave mirror. If angle subtented
by aperture at centre of curvature is 120°, calculate force on surface of mirror.
d dF
R
P  
Sol. O
dF
Consider a ring whose centre lies on principle axis of the mirror (See figure)
The area of ring will be
2 R sin Rd
Due to radiation pressure the force on the ring will be horizontal direction.
2I
dF cos   (2R 2 sin d )cos 
C
4IR 2 sin  cos d 
Net force on the mirror = ∫ C
60 60
2IR 2 ⎛ P ⎞ P ⎡ cos2 ⎤ P ⎡ 1 1 ⎤ 3P
∫ sin 2d  ∵ ⎜ I  ⎟      
2C ⎢⎣ 2 ⎥⎦ 0 2C ⎢⎣ 4 2 ⎥⎦ 8C
=
C ⎝ 4R 2 ⎠
0
f
2. A monochromatic light of frequency f is incident on two identical metal spheres of threshold frequency and
2
f
respectively. After some time, emission of photoelectron will stop on both spheres. Now both metal spheres
3
are connected through wire. (radius of sherehes is R)
(a) What will be potential of spheres now?
(b) How many electron will flow through wire?
Sol. Emission of the photo electron will stop when the potential of the sphere become equal to stopping potential.
f f
f0 = f0 =
2 3
f f
Case-I
hf hf
hf   eV01 ⇒ V01 
2 2e
Case-II
hf 2hf
hf   eV0 2 ⇒ V0 2 
3 3e
if there two spheres are joined then common potential of the spheres will be
hf 2hf
C1V1  C 2V2 
V  
R V
1 1  R V
2 2
 2e 3e = 7hf
C1  C 2 R1  R 2 2 12e
3. A beam of light has three wavelengths 4000 Å, 5000 Å, 6000 Å with a total intensity 3 × 10–3 W/m2 equaly
distributed amongst the three wavelength. The beam fall normally on an area 2 cm2 of clean metallic surface of
work function 2.4 eV. Calculate photocurrent. (efficiency = 1%)
12400
Sol. Threshold wavelength,  0  Å = 5166.6 Å
2.4
So light of wavelength 4000 Å and 5000 Å both will be able to produce photo electric effect
Since energy is equally distribute among three wavelength
Photons incident in unit time for  wavelength
I1 1 I 2  2
= 
hc hc
 Total number of photons in unit time
10 3  4  10 7 10 3  5  10 7
= 
6.6  10 34  3  10 8 6.6  10 34  3  10 8
9  10 10
=  0.45  1016 / sm 2
20  10 26
Charge emitted in unit time
19 1
= 1.6  10  0.45  1016   2  10 4
100
 Photocurrent = 1.44  10–9 A
4. The intensity of the Sun’s light in the vicinity of the earth is about 1000 W/m2. Imagine a spacecraft with a mirrored
square sail of dimension 1.0 km. Estimate how much thrust (in newtons) this craft will experience due to collisions
with the Sun’s photons [Hint : assume the photons bounce off the sail with no change in the magnitude of their
momentum].
Sol. The energy of a photon in terms of the momentum is
hc
E  hf   pc

The rate at which photons are striking the sail is
N IA IA
 
t E pc
Because the photons reflect from the sail, the change in momentum of a photon is
p = 2p
The impulse on the sail is due to the change in momentum of the photons:
Ft = Np, or
⎛N⎞ ⎛ IA ⎞ 2IA
F  ⎜ ⎟ p  ⎜ ⎟ (2 p ) 
⎝ t ⎠ ⎝ pc ⎠ c
2(1000 W/m2 )(1 103 m)2


(3.00  108 m/s)
 7N


Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

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Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

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Chapter 24

Dual Nature of Radiation and

3. Stopping potential for photo electrons

Sol. Answer (4)

(1) Slope of the line

(4) Product of slope and mass of electron

Sol. Answer (3)

400  4.2  (40  20)

 1.69  1028 photons

= 2.8  104 mole photons

(1) nR = nV (2) nR > nV (3) nR < nV (4) nR  nV

Sol. Answer (2)

Then energy in time t is given by

Sol. Answer (1)

Intensity  area 24

(6.626  10 34 )  (3  108 )  (2  106 )

= 2.48 – 2.3 = 0.18 eV

H mHeTHe 4(273  127) 8

21. The wavelength of the matter wave is independent of

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Sol. Answer (2)

(1) a (2) b (3) c (4) d

(1) 1023 (2) 1027 (3) 1025 (4) 1026

Sol. Answer (2)

n  6.63  10 –34  3  108

4. Choose the correct alternative

Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3)

(1) (2) (3) (4)

1. The potential energy of photon which is at surface of star is

Sol. Answer (4)

Sol. Answer (3)

2.2  1.6  10 –19

Sol. Answer (2)

1. Match the following

(A) Photoelectric effect (p) Wave nature of particles

(B) Quantization of angular momentum of (q) Particle nature of light

(C) Compton effect (r) Collision between a photon and electron

(D) Absorption of light by hydrogen gas (s) Standing electron wave

Sol. Answer A(q, r), B(p, s), C(q, r), D(q, r)

Circumference is integral multiple of de-Broglie wavelength of the electrons.

(B) Electron emission from a material (q) Photoelectric effect

(C) Mosley’s law (r) Hydrogen spectrum

(D) Change of photon energy into kinetic (s) -decay

Sol. Answer A(p, r), B(q, s), C(p), D(q)

Kmax = 4.4 – 2.4 = 2 eV

Sol. Answer (3)

9  199  n  1.6  10 –19

Sol. Answer (7)

 2  9  10 –31  1.6  10 –19  500

1. STATEMENT-1 : An isolated and free electron cannot absorb a photon completely.

Charge emitted in unit time

The rate at which photons are striking the sail is

2(1000 W/m2 )(1 103 m)2

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