WEEK 2

THEORY OF FIRE
 FIRE
DEFINITION:

COMBINATION OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS/ FUELS,

OXYGEN, HEAT/FLAME/HIGH TEMPERATURE AND
CHEMICAL REACTION BETWEEN THEM. ANY ONE IS
TAKEN AWAY WILL STOP THE CONFLAGRATION OF FIRE.
 EMERGENCIES

DEFINITION:
CONDITION OR SITUATION OF BEING CRITICAL DUE TO
INORDINARY ACTIONS OR ENVIRONMENT WHICH
CAUSING ALERT AND NEED DRASTIC SOLUTIONS
ACCORDING TO THE LEVEL OF RISKS.
 FIRE CHEMISTRY
• 3 MAIN COMPONENTS ARE NEEDED TO START THE
FIRE CONFLAGRATION
– OXYGEN
– FUEL
– HEAT/FLAME
Additional: FUEL HEAT
Chemical Reaction CHEMICAL
Between the Three REACTION

Main Components
OXYGEN
 SOURCE OF OXYGEN SOURCE OF HEAT

∙More or Less than 16% ∙ Until it reaches

is needed to start fire the ignition point.
or conflagration. ∙ Open fire or direct
sunlight
∙There is about 21% O 2 ∙ Hot plate or
within the breathing air surfaces
or the atmosphere. ∙ Fireworks or
sparks
∙Some materials do ∙ Electricity
contain some amount CHEMICAL ∙ Compression of
of O 2 to initiate the gaseous
REACTION ∙ Chemical reaction
growth of fire via
spontaneous ignition. etc.

SOURCE OF FUELS

GAS LIQIUD SOLID

∙Natural Gas ∙Gasoline ∙Coal Bata

∙Propane ∙Kerosene ∙Wood
∙Butane ∙Turpentine ∙Clothes
∙Hydrogen ∙Alcohol ∙Leather
∙Acetylene ∙Varnish paint ∙Rubber
∙Carbon Monoxide ∙Liker ∙Plastic
Source OF FIRE ignition
 SOURCE OF FIRE/IGNITION
• ELECTRICITY □ FRICTION
• SMOKING □SPONTANEOUS
• INCENDIARISM IGNITION
• OVERHEATED □MECHANICAL & STATIC
MATERIALS
SPARKS
• HOT SURFACES
• OPEN FLAMES □ CHEMICAL REACTIONS
• CUTTING AND □ LIGHTNING
WELDING
 SHORT CIRCUIT, BAD WIRING/CABLING,
SOURCE OF FIRE MATCHES, SPARKS, CIGARETTE BUTT,
LIGHTNING, OPEN FIRE, COOKING FIRE
IGNITION ETC.
•HUMAN FACTORS,
•NATURAL FACTORS
•ACCIDENT/CARELESSNESS FACTORS

RADIATION
CONDUCTION

FIRE
SPREAD

CONVECTION

SPONTANEOUS