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THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER
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THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER
THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER
THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER
THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER
THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER
THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER

2024 ckjdß
2024
January 2024

meh 2 hs

úNd. wxlh (

PAPER - 40

jeo.;a mÍlaIlf.a m%fhdackh i|yd muKs'

 fuu m%Yak m;%h A iy B hkqfjka fldgia fofjks m;%h i|yd

follska iukaú; fõ' fldgia folgu
kshñ; ld,h meh 2 ls'
fldgi m%Yak wxlh ,enQ ,l=Kq
 .Kl hka;% Ndú;hg bv fokq fkd,efí'
1
A
2
3
A fldgi - jHqy.; rpkd
4
 ish¨u m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re fuu m;%fhau
5
imhkak' Tfí ms<s;=re" m%Yak m;%fha bv
B 6
i,id we;s ;ekaj, ,súh hq;=h' fï bv
7
m%udKh ms<s;=re ,sùug m%udKj;a njo §¾>
tl;=j
ms<s;=re n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdjk njo
i,lkak'
wjidk ,l=Kq
B fldgi - rpkd
 fuu fldgi m%Yak ;=klska iukaú; fõ' b,lalfuka
m%Yak ;=kgu ms<s;=re imhkak' wl=ßka

iïmQ¾K m%Yak m;%hg kshñ; ld,h wjika

jQ miq A iy B fldgia tla ms<s;=re m;%hla
jk fia A fldgi Wäka ;sfnk fia wuqKd
úNd. Yd,dêm;sg Ndr fokak'

m%Yak m;%fha B fldgi muKla úNd.

Yd,dfjka msg;g f.k hdug Tng wjir
we;'

Innovative Physics - Samitha Rathnayake [fojeks msgqj n,kak'

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 -2-

A fldgi - jHqy.; rpkd

m%Yak y;rgu ms<s;=re imhkak'
(g = 10 N kg–1)

1. úoHd.drfhaoS m%ia:dßl l%uhlska f,dayhl >k;ajh (d) yd øjhl >k;ajh ()

fiùu i|yd isiqfjla rEmfha oelafjk wdldrfha WmlrK wegjqula Ndú; lrhs'
>k;ajh fiúh hq;= f,dayfhka ;kd we;s taldldr yrialvla iys; is,skavrhla"
;ka;=jla u.ska ÿkq ;rdoshl t,a,d rEmfha oelafjk mßos >k;ajh fiúh hq;= øjh
;=, w¾O jYfhka .s,ajd ;sfí' miqj øjh ;=, .s,S we;s is,skavrfha Wi h fjkia
lrñka ÿkq ;rdos mdGdxlh T ,nd .kq ,efí'
(a) i. is,skavrfha Wi H yd tys yrialv j¾.M,h A kï T(kg) i|yd
m%ldYkhla H, A, d yd  weiqßka ,nd .kak'

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ii. m%ia:drhla we|Su i|yd by; iólrKh iqÿiq wdldrhg ilikak'

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(b) (a) ii. fldgfiaoS Tn i|yka l, iólrKhg wkql+, m%ia:drh my; oelafõ' tys wlaI SI tall
j,ska l%udxlkh lr we;ehs i,lkak'

2.0

1.6

1.2

0.8

0.4

× 102
2 4 6 8 10 12

i. m%ia:drh weiqßka øjfha >k;ajh fiùu i|yd Tn ,nd .; hq;= w;sf¾L ñkqu l=ulao@

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ii. tu ñkqu ,nd .ekSu i|yd jvd;au fhda.H mÍlaIKd.dr ñkqï WmlrKh l=ulao@

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iii. tu ñkqu i|yd jvd fyd| w.hla ,nd .ekSfïoS wkq.ukh l< hq;= ksjeros l%shd mámdáh
l=ulao@

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Innovative Physics - Samitha Rathnayake [f;jeks msgqj n,kak.

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 -3-
iv. m%ia:drh weiqßka f,dayfha >k;ajh fidhd .ekSu i|yd by; ñkqug wu;rj ,nd .; hq;=
wfkla ñkqu l=ulao@

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(c) f,day is,skavrfha Wi 16 cm o tys yrialv j¾.M,h 40 cm2 o kï
i. øjfha >k;ajh fidhkak'

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ii. f,dayfha >k;ajh fidhkak'

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(d) is,k
s avrh uq`Mukskau øjh ;=, .s,S we;s úg ÿkq ;rdos mdGdxlh (kg j,sk)a fidhkak'

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(e) is,skv
a rh .s,ajd fkdue;s úg øjh iys; n÷fka uq`M ialkaOh 1.5 kg ls'
rEmfha oelafjk mßos n÷k ;=,djla u; ;nd we;' f,day is,skv
a rh uq`Muksku
a
øjh ;=, .s,S we;s úg ;=,dfõ mdGdxlh (kg j,sk)a fidhkak'

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(f) f,day is,k

s avrh iïmQ¾Kfhka øjh ;=, .s,ajd ^n÷fka m;=f,a .eá fkdue;& bkamiq th l%ufhka
by<g .kq ,efí' is,skavrh uq`Mukskau øjfhka bj;g meñfKk f;la fuh isÿ lrkafka kï
is,skavrh Tijk ÿr iu. ÿkq ;rdos mdGdxlh iy ;=,d mdGdxlh fjkia jk wdldrh ksrEmKh
lsÍu i|yd o< igyka my; LKavdxl ;, u; w|skak' ^mDIaÀl wd;;s n,mEu fkdi,ld yßkak'&

ÿkq ;rdos mdGdxlh ;=,d mdGdxlh

ÿr ÿr

Innovative Physics - Samitha Rathnayake [isõjeks msgqj n,kak.

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 -4-
2. c,fha úYsIag ;dm Odß;dj 4200 J kg K nj okakd úg isis,k l%ufhka fmd,af;,a j, úYsIag ;dm
1 1

Odß;dj c (c < 4200 J kg1 K1) fiùu i`oyd mÍCIKhla ie,iqï l< hq;=j we;'
fï i`oyd fhdod .kakd mÍCIKd;aul wegjqu my; oelafõ'

(a) i. ksõgkaf.a isi,

s k kshuh ,shd olajkak'

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ii. by; kshuh j,x.= jk ;;aj i`oyka lrkak'

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(b) by; mÍCIKfha oS úÿ,s mxldjla fhdod .kafka wehs @

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(c) mÍCIKfha oS Tn ,nd .kakd ialkaO ñkqï ;=k fudkjdo @

1. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(d) mÍCIKh isÿ lrk wdldrh fláfhka ,shkak'

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Innovative Physics - Samitha Rathnayake [miajeks msgqj n,kak.

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 -5-
(e) fuysos le,ßógrh uq`Mukskau mdfya øj j,ska msrùug fya;= folla fokak'

1' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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2' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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(f) ,nd .;a isis,k jl% fol my; oelafõ'
(0C)

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

t (s)
40 80 120 160  240 280

(i) 600 C isg 500 C olajd isis,a ùug moaO;s folg .; jQ ld, fudkjdo @

1' c,h iys; le,ßógrh ( ----------------------------------------------------------------

2' fmd,af;,a iys; le,ßógrh ( ----------------------------------------------------------------

(ii) le,ßógrfha ;dm Odß;dj 40 JK1 o Ndú; l< c, ialkaOh 200 g g fmd,af;,a ialkaOh
160 g o kï c ys w.h .Kkh lrkak'

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Innovative Physics - Samitha Rathnayake [yhjeks msgqj n,kak.

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 -6-
(g) fuu mÍlaIKh i`oyd le,ßógrhla fjkqjg ùÿre îlrhla fhda.H fkdfõ' fya;j
= meyeos,s lrkak'

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3. ixLHd;h (f) okakd tla iriq,la muKla Ndú;fhka jd;fha èjks m%fõ.h (v) yd k,fha wdka; fodaIh (e)
fiùu i|yd Tng my; whs;u imhd ;sfí'
1. ixLHd;h okakd iriq,la 2. fofl,jr újD; taldldr k,hla
3. Wie;s irdjla 4. c,h
5. wdOdrl
(a) by; whs;uj,g wu;rj mÍlaIKh i|yd w;HdjYH whs;u fol fudkjdo@

1. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) mÍlaIKh isÿ lrk wdldrh fláfhka úia;r lrkak'

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(c) fuu mÍlaIKfhaoS Tn Rcq ñkqï 5 la ,nd .; hq;=h' tajd fudkjdo@

1. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (X1 hehs .ksu)q

2. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (X2 hehs .ksu)q
3. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (X3 hehs .ksu)q
4. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (X4 hehs .ksu)q
5. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (X5 hehs .ksu)q

(d) by; ñkqï w;=ßka iqÿiq tajd iy f fhdod .ksñka e iy v i`oyd m%ldYk jHq;amkak lrkak'

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Innovative Physics - Samitha Rathnayake [y;aj eks msgqj n,kak.

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 -7-
(e) mßCIKh i`oyd WKqiqï fyda isis,a c,h Ndú; fkdlrkafka wehs @

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(f) fojk wkqkdo wjia:dfõ oS k,h ;=, Wmßu jdhq mSvk úp,kh iys; $ wju jdhq mSvk úp,kh iys;
ia:dk lSh ne.ska ;sfío @

Wmßu jdhq mSvk úp,kh iys; ia:dk .Kk ( ----------------------------------------------------

wju jdhq mSvk úp,kh iys; ia:dk .Kk ( ----------------------------------------------------

(g) wkqkdo wjia:d jvd fyd`oska ,nd .ekSu i`oyd Tng fhosh yels mQ¾fjdamdh l=ulao @

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4. (a) my; oelafjkafka mdie,a mÍCIKd.drfhaoS Tng uqK .efik úp,H m%;sfrdaO folls'

 
^1& rEmh ^2& rEmh

i. by; WmlrK y`ÿkdf.k tajdfha iïu; kï ,shkak'

 : ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 : ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ii. mßm:hlg ,nd fok m%;sfrdaOh w.hñka by; WmlrK fol ii`okak'

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(b) rEmfha oelafjkafka X yd Y w;r 5V olajd úp,H

E
fjda,aàh;djla ,nd .ekSug ie,iqï l, mßm:hls'
E welshñq f,agrfha úoHq;a .dul n,h 9V jk w;r tys
wNHka;r m%;f s rdaOh fkd.sKhs yelsh' R2 wp, m%;f
s rdaOlhla
R1 R2
jk w;r R1 u.ska oelafjkafka by; a ys  fyda  WmlrK
w;=ßka iqÿiq WmlrKhhs' Z
X Y ^3& rEmh
i. R1 i`oyd iqÿiq jkafka by;  fyda  WmlrK
w;=ßka l=ulao @

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Innovative Physics - Samitha Rathnayake [wgjeks msgqj n,kak'

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 -8-
ii. by; (a) fldgfiys iqÿiq rEmh u; X , Y yd Z iqÿiq ia:dkj, i,l=Kq lsÍu u.ska tu
WmlrK 3 rEmfha mßm:hg iïnkaO lrk wdldrh olajkak'
iii. Y ys msysgqu fjkia lsÍfïoS 3 mßm:fhys .,k Odrdj fjkia fõo@ Tfí ms<s;=r myokak'

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iv. XY yryd ,nd .; yels wju fjda,aàh;dj l=ulao@ th ,nd .kafka flfiao@

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v. R1 ys uq`M m%;sfrdaOh 100  kï R2 i`oyd iqÿiq w.hla .Kkh lrkak'

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vi. YsIHfhla 100 k wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOhla iys; V1 fjda,aÜógrhla yd 500  wNHka;r
m%;sfrdaOhla iys; V2 fjda,Ü
a ógrh;a u.ska X yd Y w;r úNj wka;rh ukskq ,eìh' X yd Y
w;r m%;sfrdaOh RXY iu`. X yd Y w;r úNj wka;rh VXY i`oyd by; wjia:d fol hgf;a
,efnk m%ia:dr j, o< igyka my; LKavdxl ;,h u; we`o fmkajkak' m%ia:dr V1 yd V2
f,i kï lrkak'

vii. R2 ys úYd,;ajh (b) v. ys .Kkh l, w.fha ;nd welshqñf,agrh fjkqjg 9V úh<s fldaIhla
fhÿ úg XY yryd ,nd.; yels Wmßu fjda,aàh;dj 5V isg 4.5 V olajd wvq úh' fufia ùug
jvd;au wdikak fya;=j l=ulao@

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viii. by; (b) vii. fldgfiys f;dr;=re Ndú;fhla 9V úh<s fldaIhg wod< jeo.;a mrdñ;shla
.Kkh lrkak'

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ix. oS¾> ld,hla ;=, XY yryd ksh; fjda,aàh;djhla mj;ajd .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka
kï R1 yd R2 i`oyd f;dard .; hq;af;a l=vd w.hkao@ úYd, w.hkao@ Tfí ms<s;=r meyeos,s
lrkak'

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F:\B\S~\2023 - Paper 40 Part A - Sinhala.pm7_Net 01

Innovative Physics - Samitha Rathnayake Asanka Printers - 0777 555 399 2023-10-05

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 -1-

B fldgi - rpkd
m%Yak ;=kgu ms<s;=re imhkak'
PAPER - 40

5. (a) ^1& rEmfha ±lafjkafka A yd B keue;s øjH follska F(kN)

ieÈ lïì folla i|yd n, - ú;;s m%ia:drhs' A ys
B
yrialv j¾.M,h 2mm2 la jk w;r B ys th
4mm2 la fõ' lïì foflysu uq,a È. 50cm ne.sks' 1.92 A

A yd B ys hx udmdxl .Kkh lrkak' 1.44

^2& rEmfha ±lafjkafka È. 1.05 m jQ ieye,a¨ oKavla

tys fofl,jrg iïnkaê; (a) fldgfia i|yka A
yd B ;ka;= fol wdOdrfhka ;sriaj t,a,d we;s e (mm)
2 (1) rEmh
wdldrhhs' W ys w.h 100 kg ls' .eg¨j mqrd lïì
isriaj mj;skf a ka hehs Wml,amkh lrkak'

A B
(b) lïì foflys iudk m%;Hn, we;sùu i|yd"
i. W Ndrh t,aúh hq;= ia:dkh fidhkak'
ii. fuúg lïì foflys n, yd ú;;s fjk fjku fidhkak' W (2) rEmh

(c) lïì foflys iudk úl%shd we;sùu i|yd"

i. W Ndrh t,aúh hq;= ia:dkh fidhkak'
ii. fuúg lïì foflys n, yd ú;;s fjk fjku fidhkak'

(d) by; (b) fldgfia ,o ú;;s w.hka ys wiudklu ksid oKav yßhgu ;sriaj fkdmsysghs' ±ka kej;
oKav ;sria jk ;=re È. jeä lïìfha muKla WIaK;ajh wvq lrkafka kï f¾Åh m%idrK;dj
2×10–6 0C–1 nj i,ld isÿ l, hq;= WIaK;aj wvq lsÍu fidhkak'

(e) by; (b) yd (c) wjia:dj,§ tla tla lïìfha .nvd ù we;s m%;Hia:;d úNj Yla;skao fidhkak'

Innovative Physics - Samitha Rathnayake [fojeks msgqj n,kak.

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 -2-
6. (a) i. nfhda - idjd kshuh ixfla; weiqßka ,shd olajkak' Tn Ndú; lrk ixfla; y÷kajd fokak'
tajd meyeÈ,s rEm igykl ,l=Kq lrkak'

ii. pqïnl i%dj >k;ajfha osYdj fidhd .kakd kshuh úia;r lrkak'

(b) i. I Odrdjla f.k hk wmßñ; È.e;s iDcq isyska ikakdhl lïìhl isg r ÿßka jQ ,CIHhl
iïm%hqla; pqïnl i%dj >k;ajh i|yd m%ldYkhla ,shkak'

ii. rEmfha ±lafjk mßÈ I Odrdjla f.k hk b;d È.=

ikakdhlhl tla fl<jrl isg lïìfha È.g
I
,ïnl ÈYdjl r ÿrla wE;ska msysá ,CIHhl
iïm%hqla; pqïnl i%dj >k;ajh i|yd m%ldYkhla
r
(b) (i) ys ms<s;r
= yd iuñ;sl;ajh Ndú; lr
,shkak'

(c) m%;s ñihs, wdhqO .=jka .; lsÍu i|yd;a úúO wNHdjldY m%lafIamK isÿ lsÍu i|yd;a fhdackd lr
we;s tla l%uhla jkafka mS<S ;=jlal= h' mS<s ;=jlal=jl ir, wdlD;shla my; rEmfha ±lafõ'

Y A B

X S E C
Z
E D

4 cm mr;rfhka ;enQ b;d os.= ;sria ikakdhl mS<s fol u; 5 g ialkaOfhka hq;a BD ikakdhl
oKav tu mS<s folgu ,ïnl jk mßÈ ;nd ;sfí' BD ys uOH ,CIHh C fõ' mS<sj, m%;f s rdaOh
fkd.sKsh yels w;r BD ys tll È.l m%;sfrdaOh 0.25cm fõ' wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOfhka f;dr E
–1

fldaIfha úoHq;a .dul n,h 24 V ls' 0 = 4×10–7 Hm–1

i. S iaúÉÑh ixjD; (ON) l, úg mßm:fha .,d hk Odrdj fidhkak'
ii. ^1& tla ikakdhl mS,a,la ksid C ys we;sjk pqïnl i%dj >k;ajh fidhkak'
^2& mS<s folu ksid C ys we;s jk iïm%hqla; pqïnl i%dj >k;ajfha úYd,;ajh yd ÈYdj
fidhkak'
iii. BD u; fhfok uOHl pqïnl i%dj >k;ajh (ii) (2) fldgfiys ,o w.hg jvd úYd, jkafka
wehs±hs myokak'
iv. BD u; fhfok uOHl pqïnl i%dj >k;ajh (ii) (2) fldgfiys ,o w.h fuka mia .=Khla
hehs i,ld BD u; fhfok pqïnl n,fha úYd,;ajh yd ÈYdj fidhkak'
v. mS<sj, iI_Kh fkdi,ld yer S iaúÉph ixjD; l, úg BD oKafâ ;ajrKh fidhkak' BD
oKav p,kh jk úg fuu ;ajrKh ksh;j mj;So @ myokak'
vi. BD oKav 150 cm l ÿrla .uka l< miq th i;= W;a;drK pd,l Yla;sh fidhkak'

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 -3-
7. mßmQ¾K jdhqjla i`oyd pd,l jdoh iy th ;d;aúl jdhqjlg n,mdk wdldrh fuu .eg`Mj hgf;a i,ld
nef,a'
(a) pd,l jdofha jvd ir, lrk ,o wdlD;shla m<uqj i,ld n,uq'
fuysoS me;a;l os. a jQ >klhla ;=, jdhq wKq N ixLHdjla we;s wjia:djla i,lkak' tll ialkaOh
m jQ fuu jdhQ wKq n`ÿfka ì;a;sh iu. mQ¾K m%;Hia: .egqï isÿ lrhs' myiqj i`oyd tla tla uqyK
q ;
1
foig c fõ.fhka tl t,af,au N ne.ska jQ wKq m%udK .uka .kafka hehs i,lkak'
6

(1) rEmh
i. isriaj by<g .uka .kakd ish`M wKqj, iïmQ¾K .uH;dj fldmuKo@
ii. by; ish`M wKq >klfha by< mDIagfha tla jrla .egqkq úg isÿ jk .uH;d fjki fldmuKo@
iii. wKq >klh mqrd taldldrj me;sr we;s nj i,lñka hï fudfyd;loS by<g .uka lrñka we;s
1
N jQ ish`M wKq >klfha by< mDIagfha tla jrla .eàug .; jk ld,h fidhkak'
6
iv. ta wkqj by< mDIagh u; fhfok n,h fidhkak'
v. >klfha by< mDIagfha u; fhfok mSvkh (P) fldmuKo@ Tng ,efnk m%;M s ,h >klfha
mßudj (V) weiqßka ,shkak'
3RT
vi. jdhq wKqjl uOHkH W;a;drK pd,l Yla;sh u.ska fokq ,nk nj i,ld by; (v)
2NA
fldgfia m%;Ms ,h weiqßka PV = nRT iólrKh ,nd .kak' fuys R - ujq,sl jdhq ksh;h "
T - ksrfmaCI WIaK;ajh" NA - wej.dâfrda wxlh" n ujq, .Kk

(b) by; (a) fldgfia m%;sM, ,nd .ekSfïoS jdhq wKq ,CISh ialkaO f,i i,ld ;sfí' tfy;a ;d;aúl
jdhqjl wKqj,g mßñ; ;rula we;s neúka jdhq wKqj,g — .ejiSug we;s mßudj˜ n`ÿfka mßudj jk
V j,g jvd hï m%udKhla ^ b f,i .ksuq& wvqh' fuu fldgfiaoS ir, wdlD;shla u.ska fï ms<sn`oj
i,ld n,uq'
´kEu jdhq ujq,hla iïu; WIaK;ajh yd mSvkh hgf;a 24 dm3 ^>k fvisógr& mßudjla wh;a lr
.kafka hehs ie,lsh yelsh'
i. c, jdIam ujq,hl ialkaOh 18 g nj;a c,fha >k;ajh 1000 kg m3 nj;a i,ld iïu;
WIaK;ajh yd mSvkh hgf;a we;s c, jdIam ujq,hla iïmQ¾Kfhka >kSNjkh jQ úg
wh;a lr .kakd mßudj tys wdrïNl mßudfjka fldmuK Nd.hlaoehs fidhkak'
ii. Tn lrk Wml,amkh i`oyka lrñka c, wKqjl f¾Çh m%udKh yd jdIam wjia:dfõ c, wKq
w;r uOHkH ÿr w;r wkqmd;h fidhkak'
1
4
( ) 3
3
= 1.1 f,i .kak'

iii. jdhq wKqj, ;ru ie,l= úg mßmQ¾K jdhq iólrKh

P ( V - b ) = nRT f,i ,súh yelsh'

b i`oyd w.hla ,nd .ekSug jdhq wKq wrh r jk f.da, f,i yd jdhq wKq w;r .egqï
isÿjkafka my; rEmfha oelafjk mßos hq., jYfhka muKla nj i,lkak' ^tkï wKq
lsym
s hla tljr .efgk wjia:d fkdi,ld yßkak'

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 -4-

.ejish fkdyels
mßudj

(2) rEmh

1. by; rEmh ie,ls,a,g f.k jï miska we;s wKqfõ meje;au ksid ol=Kq mi we;s wKqfõ
flakaøhg — .ejish fkdyels mßudj˜ fidhkak'
2. fï wKqj tla jdhq wKqjla i`oyd — .ejish fkdyels mßudj˜ fldmuKo@
3. b i`oyd m%ldYkhla n , NA yd r weiqßka ,nd .kak'

(c) ;d;aúl jdhq i`oyd jk m%;sM, mßmQ¾K jdhq i`oyd jk pd,l jdofha m%;sM,j,ska wm.ukh ùug
n,mdk ;j;a fya;j = la jkafka ;d;aúl jdhq wKq w;r we;s wka;¾ wKql wdl¾IK n,j, meje;auhs'
fuu wdCI_K n, ksid jdhqfõ mSvkhg isÿjk n,mEu P f,i i,lkak'
i. ;d;aúl jdhqjla u.ska n`ÿfka ì;a;s u; we;s lrk mSvkh P f,i f.k P ys n,mEu
ie,ls,a,g .ksñka P (V  b) = nRT iólrKh kej; ilia lr ,shkak'
ii. P i`oyd w.hla ksudkkh lsÍug my; lreKq ie,ls,a,g .; yelsh'

A. jdhq wKq .egqï isÿ lrk iS>%;dj u; P fjkia fõ' ^wka;¾ wKql wdl¾IK n,
u.ska .egqï isÿ lrk iS>%;dj my; fy,hs'&
B. jdhq wKq idkaøKh u; P fjkia fõ' ^jdhq wKq iómj mj;sk úg wka;¾ wKql
n,j, n,mEu jeäfõ'&
1. by; A yd B lreKq jdhqfõ mßudj jk V g olajkafka wkqf,dau iudkqmd;sl
iïnkaOhlao ke;fyd;a m%;f s ,dau iudkqmd;sl;aj iïnkaOhlao hkak i`oyka
lrkak'
2. ta wkqj P i`oyd m%ldYkhla iudkqmd;sl;ajfha ksh;h a f,i fhdod .ksñka
V weiqßka ,shkak'
iii. by; (c) ii. fldgfia ,nd .;a m%;sM,h — Ndú;fhka c (i) fldgfia ,shk ,o iólrKh
kej; ilia lr ,shkak' ^fuh ;d;aúl jdhqjla i`oyd jekavjd,a iólrKh f,i ye`oskf a õ'

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THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER CLASS THE PAPER
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2024 ckjdß
2024
January 2024

02 hours

úNd. wxlh (

PAPER - 40

Important For inspector's use only

 This question paper consists of part A and For the second paper
part B. The time allocated for both parts is Part Question Marks
two hours. Number
 Usage of calculators is not permitted. 1
A 2
Part A - Structured Essay 3
 Answer all questions on this paper itself. Write 4
your answer in the space provided for each
5
B 6
question. Note that the space provided is
7
sufficient for your answer and extensive
Total
answers are not expected.

Part B - Essay Final Marks

 This part consists of three questions. Answer
all three. At the end of the time allocated In numbers
for this paper, tie the two parts together so In words
that part A is on the top of part B and hand
over the paper to the supervisor.
You are permitted to remove only part B of
the question paper from the examination hall.

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 -2-

Part A - Structured Essay

Answer all 4 questions
(g = 10 N kg–1)

1. In the laboratory, a student uses the apparatus shown in the figure to find the
density (d) of a metal and the density of a liquid () using a graphical method.
A cylinder of uniform cross-section made of the metal of which density is to be
found, is suspended by a string from a spring balance and partially immersed in the
liquid of which density is to be found, as shown in the figure. The spring balance
reading T is then taken by varying the height h of the cylinder immersed in the
liquid.
(a) i. If the height of the cylinder is H and its cross section is A, obtain an
expression for T(kg) in terms of H, A, d and .

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ii. Rearrange the above equation in a suitable way in order to draw a graph.

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(b) The graph corresponding to the equation you mentioned in (a) ii. is shown below. Consider that its
axes are calibrated in SI units.

2.0

1.6

1.2

0.8

0.4

4 8 12 × 102
2 6 10
i. What is the additional measurement that you should take to find the density of the liquid
using the graph?

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ii. What is the most suitable laboratory instrument that should be used in order to obtain that
measurement?

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iii. What is the correct procedure that should be followed to obtain a better value for that
measurement?

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 -3-
iv. What is the other measurement that should be obtained to find the density of the metal using
the graph, other than the above?

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(c) If the height of the metal cylinder is 16 cm and its cross sectional area is 40 cm2,
i. Find the density of the liquid.

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ii. Find the density of the metal.

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(d) When the cylinder is completely immersed in the liquid, find the reading of the spring balance (in kg).

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(e) When the cylinder is not immersed, the total mass of the container with the
liquid is 1.5 kg. As shown in the figure, the container is kept on a top pan
balance. Find the reading of the balance (in kg) when the metal cylinder is
completely immersed in the liquid.

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(f) The metal cylinder is completely immersed in the liquid (not touching the bottom of the container)
and then gradually raised. If this is done until the cylinder is completely taken out of the liquid, draw
a sketch on the coordinate planes below to show how the reading of the spring balance scale and the
reading of the top pan balance changes with the distance the cylinder is lifted. (Neglect the effect of
surface tension.)

spring balance reading top pan balance reading

distance distance

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 -4-
2. When the specific heat capacity of water is known as 4200 J kg-1 K-1, an experiment should be designed to
find the specific heat capacity c (c < 4200 J kg-1 K-1) of coconut oil by cooling method.
Below is the experimental arrangement used for this.

(a) i. Write down Newton’s law of cooling.

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ii. State the conditions under which the above law is valid.

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(b) Why is an electric fan used in the above experiment?

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(c) What are the three mass measurements you obtain on this experiment?

1. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(d) Briefly write how the experiment is conducted.

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 -5-
(e) Here, give two reasons why the calorimeter is almost filled with liquid.

1' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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2' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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(f) The two cooling curves obtained are shown below.

(0C)

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

t (s)
40 80 120 160  240 280

i. What times did the two systems take to cool from 600C to 500C?

1. Calorimeter with water : ------------------------------------------------

2. Calorimeter with coconut oil : ------------------------------------------------
ii. Calculate the value of c if the heat capacity of the calorimeter is 40 JK1 and the mass of water
used is 200 g and the mass of coconut oil is 160 g.

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 -6-
(g) A glass beaker is not suitable in place of a calorimeter for this experiment. Explain the reason.

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3. You are provided with the following items to find the velocity of sound in air (v) and the end error of the
tube (e) using only one tuning fork of known frequency (f).

1. Tuning fork with known frequency 2. A uniform tube of two ends open
3. A high-measuring cylinder 4. Water
5. Supports
(a) Besides the above items what two items are essential for the test?

1. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) Briefly describe how the test is conducted.

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(c) In this test you must take five direct measurements. What are they?

1. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Take as X1 )
2. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Take as X2 )
3. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Take as X3 )
4. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Take as X4 )
5. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Take as X5 )
(d) Derive expressions for e & v using suitable ones from the above measurements and f.

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 -7-
(e) Why not use hot or cold water for the test?

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(f) At the time of the second resonance, how many points of maximum air pressure variation/ points of
minimum air pressure variation are there in the tube?

The number of points with maximum air pressure variation : -----------------------------------------

The number of points with minimum air pressure variation : -----------------------------------------
(g) Which step can you take to get better resonance instances?

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4. (a) Two variable resistors that you may come across in the school laboratory are shown below.

 
Figure (1) Figure (2)

i. Identify the above equipments and write their standard names.

 : ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 : ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ii. Compare the above two equipments by evaluating the resistance they each give to a circuit.

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(b) A circuit planned to obtain a variable voltage upto 5 V E

across X and Y is shown in the figure. The electromotive
force of the accumulator E is 9 V and its internal resistance
is negligible. R2 is a fixed resistor and R1 represents the R1 R2
appropriate equipment from the  and  equipments (a)
above. Z
X Y Figure (3)
i. What is the most appropriate equiment for R1 from
 and ?

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 -8-
ii. Draw how the equipments are connected to the circuit in the figure 3 by marking X, Y and
Z in suitable locations on the appropriate figure in part (a) above.
iii. Does the current flow in the circuit 3 vary when the location of Y is changed ? Explain your
answer.

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iv. What is the minimum voltage that can be obtained across XY? How can it be obtained?

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v. If the total resistance in R1 is 100  , calculate an appropriate value for R2.

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vi. A student measured the potential difference between X and Y using voltmeter V1 with an
internal resistance of 100 k and voltmeter V2 with an internal resistance of 500  . Draw the
rough sketches of the graphs for the resistance beween X and Y (RXY) with the potential
difference between X and Y (VXY) that obtained under the above 2 situations. Name the
graphs as V1 and V2.

vii. When the magnitude of R2 is kept at the value obtained in (b) v. and a 9 V dry cell is used
instead of the accumulator, the maximum voltage that can be obtained across XY is redusced
from 5 V to 4.5 V. What is the most probable reason for this?

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viii. Calculate an important parameter related to the 9 V dry cell by using the information in part
(b) vii. above.

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ix. If it is exppected to maintain a constant voltage across XY for a long period of time, should
smaller values be selected for R1 and R2? or larger values ? Explain your answer.

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 -1-

Part B - Essay
Answer all 3 questions
PAPER - 40

5. (a) The figure (1) shows the Force - Extension graph for
F(kN)
two wires made of two materials A and B. The
cross - sectional area of A is 2 mm2 while that of B B
is 4 mm2. The initial lenght of both wires is 50 cm 1.92 A
each.
1.44
Calculate Young ' s moduli of A and B.

The figure (2) shows a light rod 1.05 m in lenght

hanging horizontally with the help of two strings
connected at its ends. The strings are A and B e (mm)
2 Figure (1)
mentioned in section (a) above . The value of W is
100 kg. Assume that the wires remain verticle throughout the
question A B
(b) To produce similar stresses in two wires,
i. Find the place where the W weight should be hung. W Figure (2)
ii. Then find the forces and extensions of the two wires
separately.

(c) To produce similar strains in two wires,

i. Find the place where the W weight should be hung.
ii. Then find the forces and extensions of the two wires separately.

(d) Due to the inequality of the values of extensions obtained in section (b) above, the rod is not exactly
horizontal. Now if the temperature of only the longer wire is reduced until the rod is horizontal again,
find the temperature reduction that should be done considering linear expansion as 2×10–6 0C–1.

(e) Furthermore, find the elastic potential energies stored in each wire in incidents (b) and (c) above.

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 -2-
6. (a) (i) Write down the Biot - Savart law using symbols.
Introduce the symbols that you use.
Indicate them celearly in a diagram.

(ii) Explain the principle used to find the direction of magnetic flux density.

(b) (i) Write an expression for the resultant magnetic flux density of a point at a distance r away
from an infinitely long, straight, thin conducting wire carrying a current of I.

(ii) As shown in the figure, from one corner of a very I

long conductor carrying a current I, in a
perpendicular direction to the length of the wire lies r
a point r distance away. By using the symmetricity
with the answer for (b) (i) above obtain an expression for the resultant magnetic flux density
of this point.

(c) Rail guns have been suggested for launching projectiles into space and ground - to - air antimissile
weapons Shown in the figure is a simple model of a rail gun.

Y A B

X S E C
Z
E D

On two very long horizontal conducting rails which are kept 4 cm apart, a BD conducting rod of mass
5 g is kept, such that is perpendicular to both rails. The mid point of BD is C. The resistance of the
rails are negligible while the restance of a unit length of BD is 0.25cm–1. The electromotive force
of the cell is 24 V, while its internal resistance is zero. 0 = 4×10–7 Hm–1
i. Find the current flowing in the circuit when the switch S is turned on.
ii. (1) Find the magnetic flux density created at C due to one conducting rail.
(2) Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant magnetic flux density generated at C,
because of both rails.
iii. Explain why the average magnetic flux density acting on BD is larger than the value obtained
at (ii) (2)
iv. Considering the average magnetic flux density on BD is 5 times the value obtained at (ii) (2),
find the magnitude and direction of the magnetic force acting on BD.
v. Neglecting the friction of the rails, find the acceleration of rod BD, when the switch S is
closed. Does this acceleration remain constant as rod BD moves? Explain.
vi. Once BD rod has travelled a distance of 150 cm, calculate the linear kinetic energy it has.

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 -3-
7. Under this problem we will consider about the kinetic theory for a perfect gas and how it affects a real
gas.
(a) Let's first consider a more simplified from of kinetic theory.
Consider a case where there are N number of air molecules in a cube with a side length a. These
gaseous molecules having mass m per one molecule perform perfectly elastic collisions with the
1
wall of the vessel. For convenience, consider that N gas molecules move directly towards
6
each face at a speed of c.

Figure (1)
i. What is the total momentum of all molecules traveling vertically upwards?
ii. What is the momentum change that occurs when all the above molecules collide once on
the upper surface of the cube?
iii. Find the time it takes for total molecules (which are moving up at a given instance) of
1
6 N to collide the upper surface of the cube one time, assuming it is uniformly
distributed throughout the cube.
iv. Find the force exerted on the upper surface accordingly.
v. What is the pressure (P) on the upper surface of the cube? Write the result you obtained
using the volume of the cube (V).
3RT
vi. Consider that the mean translational kinetic energy of a gas molecule is given by
2NA
and obtain the equation PV = nRT using the result of part (v). In here R - Molar gas
constant, T - absolute temperature, NA - Avogadro's number, n - number of moles.

(b) Gas molecules are considered as point masses in obtaining the results of above part (a). But
since the molecules in a real gas have a finite size, the "accessible volume" of the gas molecules is
somewhat smaller (say b) than the volume V in the vessel. In this section, we will consider
this with a simple model.
It can be assumed that one mole of any gas occupies a volume of 24 dm3 (cubic decimeters) under
standard temperature and pressure.
i. Assuming that a mole of water vapour has a mass of 18 g and a density of water is
1000 kg m3, find the fraction of the volume of a mole of water vapour from its initial
volume, when the volume is completly condensed at standard temperature and pressure.
ii. Find the ratio between the average distance between water molecules and the linear size of
a water molecule in the vapor phase by mentioning your assumption.
1
4
It is given that( )3
3
= 1.1
iii. The ideal gas equation can be written as
P ( V  b ) = nRT, by considering the size of the gas molecules.
To get a value for b, consider air molecules as spheres of radius r and the collisions
between the gas molecules occur only in pairs as shown in the figure below. (That means,
ignore the possibility of collision of several molecules at once.)
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 -4-

Excluded volume

Figure (2)

1. Find the "excluded volume" to the center of the molecule on the right due to the
existence of the molecule on the left considering the figure above.
2. What is the "excluded volume" per gas molecule according to this?
3. Obtain an expression for b using n, NA and r.
(c) Another reason affecting the deviation results for real gases from the results of kinetic theory for
ideal gases is the existance of intermolecular attractive forces between real gas molecules. Take
the effect on the pressure of the air due to the attractive forces as P.
i. Taking the pressure exerted on the vessel wall by a real gas as P and considering the effect
of P , rewrite the equation P (V  b) = nRT.
ii. Following facts can be considered to estimate a value for P.
A. P changes according to the rate at which air molecules collide. (Intermolecular
attractive forces reduce the rate at which collisions occur.)
B. P changes according to the concentration of air molecules. (The effect of
intermolecular forces increases when air molecules are in close.)
1. Mention whether the above A and B facts are showing directly
proportional relation or inversely proportional relation to the volume of the
gas V.
2. According to that, write an expression for P by using V and using a as the
proportionality constant.
iii. Rewrite the equation written in part c (i) by using the result obtained in part c (ii) above.
(This is called as the Van der Waals equation for a real gas.)

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