F L O AT I N G

PRODUCTION
STORAGE
AND
OFFLOADING
(FPSO)
FPSO I S A F LO AT I N G V E S S E L U S E D
BY THE OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS
INDUSTRY TO PRODUCE AND
PROCESS HYDROCARBONS, AND TO
STORE OIL.
 1. Floating storage and offloading (FSO)
2. Floating production storage and offloading (FPSO)
TYPES 3. Floating drilling production storage and offloading
(FDPSO)
4. Floating storage regasification unit (FSRU)
• A floating storage and offloading unit (FSO) is essentially a FPSO without the
capability for oil or gas processing.

• At the other end of the LNG logistics chain, where the natural gas is brought
back to ambient temperature and pressure, a specially modified ship used as a
floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU).
MECHANISMS
• Oil produced from offshore production platforms can
be transported to the mainland either by pipeline or
by tanker. When a tanker is chosen to transport the
oil, it is necessary to accumulate oil in some form of
storage tank, such that the oil tanker is not
continuously occupied during oil production, and is
only needed once sufficient oil has been produced to
fill the tanker.
D I AG RA M OF FLOATI NG PROD UC TI ON STORAG E A ND OFFLOA D I NG UNI T
FPSO DESIGN
G-2400-SM
Storage capacity: 2,400,000 bbl
Offloading capacity: 1,000,000 bbl/day
Mooring System: Spread-Moored (optional turret)

Topside configurations weighing up to: 40,000 tons

Dimensions:
Length: 330.00 m
Breadth: 62,00 m
Depth: 33.00 m
Accommodation, up to: 200 persons
Design service life: Minimum 25 years without dry-docking
Class: ABS
G-1600-SM/W
Storage capacity: 1,649,000 bbl
Offloading capacity: 1,000,000 bbl/day
Spread mooring system with risers on the side, also
Mooring System:
adaptable to a turret moored version
Topside configurations weighing up to: 30,000 tons
Dimensions:
Length: 283.00 m
Breadth: 59.40 m
Depth: 30.00 m
Accommodation, up to: 200 persons
Design service life: 30 years without dry-docking
Class: ABS
G-1600-SM
Storage capacity: 1,750,000 bbl
Offloading capacity: 1,600,000 bbl
Mooring System: Spread-moored

Topside configurations weighing up to: 30,000 tons

Dimensions:
Length: 308.25 m
Breadth: 53,00 m
Depth: 29.10 m
Accommodation, up to: 110-160 persons
Design service life: 25 years without dry-docking
THE WO RLD'S
L ARG ES T F PS O
 cost US$3 Billion

storage capacity 2.3 million barrels

The world's largest located Located 200km off the coast of
FPSO by capacity is the Nigeria
Egina weight 220,000 tonnes
length 330 meters

Width 61 meters
Height 34 meters
 cost US$ 800 million

storage capacity 2.2 million barrels (350,000 m3)

One of the world's Depth Located in 1200 meters of water
largest FPSO is the
weight 81,000 tonnes
Kizomba A
length 285 meters

Width 63 meters
Height 32 meters
 • The FPSO will have a crew of 50-70
HOW MANY people. These people are very close

PEOPLE WORK ON
to a huge turret system and process
facilities with highly explosive

A FPSO? materials.
 • The cost of building an FPSO ranges
from $200 million to $3 billion,

HOW MUCH DOES depending on production plant capacity,

design life, local content requirement,
A FPSO COST? operating environment, and other factors.
FPSOs have a number of important
advantages over other production
systems.
 • Globally, there are approximately 183
HOW MANY FPSO operating FPSO, as of 2018 , with

IN THE WORLD? maximum fleets owned by the operators.

Contractors do have their own FPSO
vessels, but has lower market share than
that of the operators
 An FPSO is highly suitable for Deepwater and
ultra-deepwater fields.

WHEN DO WE USE An FSPO is most of the time connected to

several subsea oil production wells and obtains

AN FPSO? the oil through in-field pipelines.

Via these pipelines the oil is transferred to the
storage compartment on the vessel.
COMPONENTS
OF
FPSO
T H E K EY C OM PON EN T S :
The hull: A big tank, stores the
produced oil.
The topside: It’s the oil and gas
processing unit at the top.
Mooring system: The
equipment that holds the FPSO in
place against forces, waves, winds,
and currents. They are made up
of mooring lines, anchors, and
connectors.
Turret: The turret enables the
FPSO to freely rotate while
moored to various locations on
the seafloor.
OT H ER C OM PON EN T S :
Gas dehydration: Gas
dehydration removes the water
that is associated with natural gas.
Gas compression: Natural gas
must be treated to conform to
commercial standards.
Water injection.
Gas, water and oil separator.
Seawater treatment: Sea water
treatment involves removing
sulfates and other unwanted
elements from injection water.
A D VA N TA G E S
L I M I TAT I O N S
 • FPSOs Saves Time: FPSOs can connect to any pipeline. In addition,
when an existing oilfield is depleted, an FPSO can move to another
location.
• Cost: O&G companies are not required to build permanent structures
like pipelines and piled buildings. FPSOs have the capability to store
processed oil and gas and offload it to shuttle tankers for transportation

ADVANTAGES to refineries.
• Safety: FPSOs can be disconnected from the pipelines and oil wells they
are moored to. This makes FPSOs a safer option in areas with severe
weather conditions.
• Storage capabilities: FPSOs can store a substantial amount of oil and
gas.
 • Conversion time: Converting a tanker into an FPSO can take up to
two years. While this is something to consider, it is still substantially
faster than building a pipeline.
• Self-competition: Companies may find that they are competing with
LIMITATIONS their own pipeline-based infrastructure.
• Initial Cost: The upfront cost of an FPSO can be more than the cost of
building a large fixed offshore platform.
HO W F PS O
W O R KS
• An FPSO is a floating production system that
receives fluids (crude oil, water and a host of
other things) from a subsea reservoir through
risers, which then separate fluids into crude oil,
natural gas, water and impurities within the
topsides production facilities onboard.
W E AT H E R &
WIND
A D A P TAT I O N
S E PA R AT I O N
OF
EXTRACTED
OIL
SWIVEL
S TA C K
OIL TRANSFER
T O TA N K E R
( O F F LO A D I N G )
RISKS
 • improper control of speed of in-place
SLIGHT COLLISION
• wind direction estimation errors
ACCIDENT
• operational errors
 • weather forecast wrong
• too much wind and waves
SERIOUS
• failure of equipment control
COLLISION
• command system failure
 • capsizing of ships caused by waves
• occasion fog at the local waters
WORKER
CASUALTIES • collision of passing ships
• Fires and explosions
 • Failure to comply with approved design
DESIGN ERROR specifications
• Quality and condition of designers
 • performance check
EQUIPMENT • Maintenance
FAILURE
• emergency alarm function and measures
 • Tornadoes
CONTINGENCY • Earthquakes
FACTORS • Tsunamis
• ice
THANKS♥