2022 YEAR 11 YEARLY EXAMINATION

Investigating Science
General Instructions • Reading time – 5 minutes
• Working time – 2 hours
• Write using black pen
• Draw diagrams using pencil
• Calculators approved by NESA may be used

Total marks: Section I – 20 marks (pages 2–10)

75 • Attempt Questions 1–20
• Allow about 35 minutes for this section

Section II – 55 marks (pages 12–21)

• Attempt Questions 21–29
• Allow about 1 hour and 25 minutes for this section
Section I
20 marks
Attempt Questions 1–20
Allow about 35 minutes for this section

Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1–20.

1 Who developed the theory of acquired characteristics?

A. Lamarck
B. Dalton
C. Democritus
D. Hubble

2 Who is credited with discovering Radioactivity?

A. Priestley and Lavioisier

B. Becquerel and Curie
C. Galileo and Kepler
D. Marshall and Warren

3 A variable that is assumed to cause change in another variable is called:

A. An intervening variable
B. A dependent variable
C. An independent variable
D. A controlled variable

4 A scientist observes a rock found at an important geological site. The scientist makes an
inference about this rock. Which of the following statements is likely to be the inference made
by the scientist?

A. The has large crystals

B. The rock is 16.5cm long
C. The rock has smooth, rounded edges
D. The rock was once under great pressure

5 First Nations people have practised the process of leaching food for centuries. What
observation led to the use of this technique?

A. The process enhances the flavour of food

B. The process makes food more easily digestible
C. The process helps extract vital nutrients from food
D. The process extracts toxins from food, making it safe to eat

6 A student looked at a plant which was wilting and said:

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 “this plant is dehydrated.”

The student’s statement is an example of:

A. an observation
B. an inference
C. a generalisation
D. a hypothesis

Use the following information to answer Q 7 and 8.

Newton’s Second Law of Motion describes the relationship between mass, force and
acceleration and is often expressed by the following relationship;

F = ma

7 What type of model is it?

A. Physical replica
B. Mathematical representation
C. Analogy
D. Simulation

8 A 10 Newton force is applied to a 20 kg object. Calculate the acceleration.

A. 0.5 ms-2
B. 1 ms-2
C. 2 ms-2
D. 200 ms-2

9 John Snow provided evidence that the disease cholera was spread through contaminated
water. His worked helped developed a new;

A. epidemic model
B. model of the Universe
C. atomic models
D. climate models

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10 The image shows an outlier in a data set.

Which of the following statements about outliers is incorrect?

A. Outliers have an effect on calculated averages

B. Outliers have values very different from the rest of the data
C. Significant cases or results will always show up as outliers
D. Outliers are often caused by experimental errors

11 A medical researcher wishes to research the effects of smoking on human health.

They have assembled a group of 1000 middle aged males who are all heavy smokers.

They will monitor the health of this group over the next twenty years.

Which one of the following groups below should they also monitor for their research to be valid?
(EC 11)

A. 1000 middle aged female heavy smokers

B. 500 male and 500 female middle aged light smokers.
C. 1000 young male heavy smokers.
D. 1000 middle aged male non-smokers.

Use the diagram below to answer question 12 and 13

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12 Which fossil is most likely the oldest?

A. Fern
B. Coral
C. Crinoid
D. Trilobite

13 Which fossil is most likely the youngest?

A. Fern
B. Coral
C. Crinoid
D. Trilobite

Use the image below to answer questions 14 and 15.

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14 To help the grain industry, the CSIRO developed a national grain growing monitoring
forecasting system. Wheatcast, formerly known as Graincast forecasting technology, is an
Australian first.

Wheatcast uses the innovative analytics and data from the Bureau of Meteorology and the
Australian Soil and Landscape Grid. It also uses the agricultural production model, APSIM.
Each fortnight during the grain growing season, the CSIRO posts free, select forecasts of
Australia’s national and state wheat yield.

Identify which type of model is used for Wheatcast

A. Diagram
B. Mathematical representation
C. Analogy
D. Computer simulation

15 Which state had the most plant available water on 1 June 2022?

A. Western Australian
B. Victoria
C. New South Wales
D. Queensland

16 Students conducted an experiment to gather data about the behaviour of slaters. They

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 constructed a box which allowed the insects to move from the following 4 areas. They placed
60 slaters in the middle of the box and then left them for 24 hours. They then lifted the lid and
counted how many were in each area, which is recorded below. The temperature was
maintained at a constant 25oC.

Area 1 Area 2
● Wet soil ● Wet soil
● DARK ● LIGHT
● 48 ● 9

Area 3 Area 4
● Dry soil ● Dry soil
● DARK ● LIGHT
● 3 ● 0

Which graph is the best way to represent these results?

A. B.

C. D.

17 A geology student recorded the following notes in their journal after testing minerals A,B,C,D, E
and F.

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 ● A is more easily broken down than F and C are.
● B is more easily broken down than A, but not as easily as D is
● E is the hardest mineral to break down.
● It is harder for C to be broken down than it is for F.

From these notes it is possible to rank them in order from most easily broken down to least
easily broken down. Which is the correct option?

A. B, A, F, C, D, E.
B. D, B, A, F, C, E
C. E, C, F, A, B, D
D. D, A, F, C, B, E.

18 Samples of water from a bore will be pH tested using a series of indicators that students make
in the school lab.The colour range of these indicators is listed below.

If the water has a known pH range of 7.8-8.8 what indicators would be the most
effective to use?

A. Curry
B. Peach
C. Radish
D. Turnip

19 There is concern that rats in an estuarine environment are being killed by either copper or
cadmium waste that is washing into the water from a local mine.The greatest worry is that this
would be affecting all species in the area so local authorities need to investigate the reports.

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 Which experiment would enable scientists to conclude what caused the poisoning?

A. 5 rats all fed with trace amounts of copper and cadmium

B. 5 rats fed on trace amounts of copper and cadmium and 5 rats not fed with copper and
cadmium
C. 5 rats fed on trace amounts of cadmium and 5 rats fed on trace amounts of copper
D. 5 rats fed on trace amounts of cadmium and 5 rats fed on trace amounts of copper and
5 rats not fed with copper or cadmium

20 Use the data below to answer question 20.

Source: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/current/month/aus/summary.shtml

Which state received the greatest deviation from the average amount of rainfall in May 2022?

A. Western Australian
B. Victoria
C. New South Wales
D. Queensland

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2022 YEAR 11 YEARLY EXAMINATION

Investigating Science Centre Number

Section II Answer Booklet

Student Number

55 marks
Attempt Questions 21–xx
Allow about 1 hour and 25 minutes for this section

Instructions ● Write your Centre Number and Student Number at the top of this page

● Answer the questions in the spaces provided. These spaces provide

guidance for the expected length of response.

● Show all relevant working in questions involving calculations.

Please turn over

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Question 21 (3 marks)
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Describe the relationship identified by Galileo’s observations of the movement of Jupiter’s
moons.

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Question 22 (3 marks) 3

Goat’s Foot is a plant traditionally used by First Nations’s People to treat stings from stone fish
and stingrays.

Describe the role that observations have had on one medicinal plant, other than Goat’s Foot,
used by First Nations People.

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Question 23 (7 marks)

Examine the diagram below that shows three separate rock strata cuttings.

(a) Identify any two quantitative observations from this diagram 2

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(b) Identify any two qualitative observations from this diagram 2

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(c) Which outcrop is the oldest? Justify your answer. 3

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Question 24 (5 marks)

During your studies you were required to make a model to represent a concept or a process.

(a) In reference to this model, explain your choice of materials used to represent the selected 3
scientific concept

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(b) Describe how peer feedback was used during construction to refine the finished product. 2

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Question 25 (7 marks) 7

Explain the difference between a theory and a law using a specific example of a model. Assess
how this model is useful in enhancing people's understanding of the scientific principle.

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Question 26 (7 marks)

A community garden group provides produce to local underprivileged people. In order to

increase the number of tomatoes their plants produce they believe that sprinkling epsom salts
(a rich source of magnesium) over the soil will increase the number of tomatoes each plant
yields.

When they research appropriate quantities it is reported that 2.5 kg per 1 000 m 2 is applied on
commercial soils.

The gardening group has a tomato patch that is 250 m2.

(a) How much epsom salts do they need in their garden if they follow the commercial 2
guidelines?

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(b) Design an investigation that the group could undertake to determine if adding epsom salts 5
to the soil increases the size of the tomatoes they grow.

In your response clearly identify the dependent and independent variables as well as any
controlled variables.

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Question 27 (9 marks)

A team of students carried out an investigation to determine the effect of soil salinity on the
growth of plant seedlings.

(a) State a hypothesis for this investigation. 2

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(b) The student team obtained the following data after two weeks. 5

Construct a graph of this data.

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(c) Assess the reliability of this investigation. 2

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Question 28 (7 marks)

The Australian climate is influenced by temperature patterns in the Pacific and Indian Oceans.
The Australian Bureau of Meteorology page provides information on Pacific and Indian Ocean
outlooks for the coming six months based on a survey of international climate models.

Source: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/model-summary/#region=NINO34&tabs=Pacific-Ocean

(a) Identify all of the models from the data that predict that Australia will experience an 2
increased risk of La Nina in June 2022.

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(b) What type of model is used here? Suggest a reason why this model may have been used 2
to demonstrate this phenomenon.

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(c) Explain how effective this model is in simplifying the concept of La Nina and El Nino 3
occurring in Australia this year.

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Question 29 (7 marks) 7

You will have completed at least one experiment to collect primary data. This could have
involved investigating Ohm’s Law or the law of conservation of energy.

Assess how you were able to ensure your investigation was valid, reliable and accurate.

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END OF PAPER

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