JR MATHS-IB LAQ SOLUTIONS

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS ( 7 Marks)

STRAIGHT LINES
***1. Find the circumcentre of the triangle with the vertices  2,3 ,  2, 1 and  4, 0  (Mar-11)

Sol. Let A   2,3 ; B   2, 1 ; C   4, 0 

B

Let S  x , y  be the circumcentre of  le ABC

S
(1M)
C A

We know that S is the circumcentre of triangle ABC then SA = SB = SC

Now, SA =SB
 SA2  SB 2

 IfA  x1 , y1  and B  x2 , y2  are two points

2 2 2 2
  x  2    y  3    x  2    y  1 2 2
then AB 2   x1  x2    y1  y2 

2
  a  b   a 2  b 2  2 ab
 x2  4  4x  y2  9  6 y  x2  4  4x  y2 1 2 y 2
a  b   a 2  b 2  2 ab

 8 x  8 y  8  0  x  y  1  0       (1) (2M)
2 2 2 2
Also, SB = SC  SB 2  SC 2   x  2    y  1   x  4    y  0 

 x 2  4  4 x  y 2  1  2 y  x 2  16  8 x  y 2  4 x  2 y  11  0        2  (2M)
Solving (1) and (2)
x y 1
-1 1 1 -1
2 -11 4 2
x y 1 x y 1 9 3 15 5
      x  ;y  
11  2 4  11 2  4 9 15 6 6 2 6 2
3 5
 Circumcentre   ,  (2M)
2 2
***2. Find the circumcentre of the triangle whose vertices are 1,3 ;  0, 2  and  3,1

Sol. Let A  1,3 ; B   0, 2  ; C   3,1

B

Let S  x , y  be the circumcentre of  le ABC

S
(1M)
C A

We know that S is the circumcentre of triangle ABC then SA = SB = SC

Now, SA = SB
 SA2  SB 2
JR MATHS-IB LAQ SOLUTIONS

 IfA  x1 , y1  and B  x2 , y2  are two points

2 2 2 2
  x  1   y  3    x  0    y  2  2 2
then AB 2   x1  x2    y1  y2 

2
  a  b   a 2  b 2  2 ab
 x2  1  2x  y2  9  6 y  x2  y2  4  4 y 2
a  b   a 2  b 2  2 ab

 2 x  10 y  6  0  x  5 y  3  0      (1) (2M)
2 2 2 2
Also, SB = SC  SB 2  SC 2   x  0    y  2    x  3    y  1

 x2  y 2  4  4 y  x2  9  6 x  y 2  1  2 y
 6x  6 y  6  0  x  y  1  0       2 (2M)
Solving (1) and (2)
x y 1
5 -3 1 5
-1 1 1 -1
x y 1 x y 1 2 1 4 2
      x  ;y 
5  3 3  1 1  5 2 4 6 6 3 6 3
 1 2 
 Circumcentre   ,  (2M)
 3 3
***3. Find the orthocentre of the triangle with the vertices  2, 1 ;  6, 1 and  2,5  .
(Mar-04,07)
Sol. Let A   2, 1 ; B   6, 1 ; C   2,5
Let AD, BE be the altitudes to the sides BC and CA drawn from A and B respectively.

In a triangle the point of intercetion of two altitudes is called orthocentre (1M)

5  1 If theslope of the line joining the points  x , y  and x , y   y2  y1

Slope of BC (m)  1 1 2 2
x2  x1
26

6 3
 
4 2
Since BC  AD then

1 2 1
Slope of AD=   If m1 , m2 are slopes of two lr lines thenm1m2  1  m2  
m 3 m1

1
Equation of AD is y  y1   x  x1 
m
JR MATHS-IB LAQ SOLUTIONS
2
 y 1   x  2  3y  3  2x  4  2 x  3 y  1  0      (1)
3
y2  y1 5  1 6 3
slope of CA, m  x  x  2  2  4  2 (2M)
2 1

1  2
Since BE  CA then slope of BE = 
m 3
1
Equation of BE is y  y1   x  x1 
m
2
 y 1   x  6   3 y  3  2 x  12  2 x  3 y  9  0    ( 2 ) (2M)
3
(1) + (2)  2x-3y+1=0
2x+3y-9=0
4x  8  0  x  2
5
from (1), 4  3 y  1  0  3 y  5  y 
3
 5
 Orthocentre   2,  (2M)
 3
***4. Find the Orthocentre of the triangle with the vertices  5, 7  ; 13, 2  and  5, 6  (Mar-12)

Sol. Let A   5, 7  ; B  13, 2  ; C   5, 6 

Let AD and BE be the altitudes to the sides BC and CA drawn from A and B respectively.

 In a trian gle th e p oin t of in tercetion of tw o altitu d es is called orth ocen tre (1M)

6  2 If theslope of the line joining the points  x , y  and x , y   y2  y1

Slope of BC (m)  1 1 2 2
x2  x1
5  13

4 2
 
18 9
Since BC  AD then

1 9  If m , m are slopes of two lr lines thenm m  1  m   1

slope of AD =  1 2 1 2 2
m 2 m1

1
 Equation of AD is y  y1   x  x1 
m
9
 y7   x  5   2 y  14  9 x  45
2
JR MATHS-IB LAQ SOLUTIONS
 9 x  2 y  31  0      (1) (2M)
y2  y1 6  7 13
slope of CA  m  x  x  5  5  0
2 1

1
since BE  CA then slope of BE = 0
m
1
 Equation of BE is y  y1   x  x1   y  2  0  x  13  y  2  0  y  2 (3M)
m
substitute y  2 in (1)
9 x  4  31  0  9 x  27  0  9 x  27  x  3
 Orthocentre   3, 2  (1M)
***5. Find the circumcentre of the triangle whose sides are 3 x  y  5  0; x  2 y  4  0,
and 5 x  3 y  1  0 . (June 2005, Mar-2006)
Sol. Given that 3x  y  5  0.......(1) , x  2 y  4  0.........(2) , 5 x  3 y  1  0........(3)
Solving (1) and (2)
x y 1
-1 -5 3 -1
2 -4 1 2
x y 1 x y 1
      x  2, y  1 (1M)
4  10 5  12 6  1 14 7 7
Let A = (2, 1)
Solving (2) and (3)
x y 1
2 -4 1 2
3 1 5 3
x y 1 x y 1
      x   2, y  3 (1M)
2  12 20  1 3  10 14 21 7
Let B = (-2, 3)
Solving (3) and (1)
x y 1
3 1 5 3
-1 -5 3 -1
x y 1 x y 1
      x  1, y   2 (1M)
15  1 3  25 5  9 14 28 14
Let C = (1, -2)
B (-2, 3)
S
Let S  x , y  be the circumcentre of  le ABC A ( 2, 1)
C(1, -2)

We know that S is the circumcentre of triangle ABC then SA = SB = SC (1M)

Now, SA = SB
 SA2  SB 2
JR MATHS-IB LAQ SOLUTIONS

 IfA  x1 , y1  and B  x2 , y2  are two points

2 2 2 2
  x  2    y  1   x  2    y  3  2 2
then AB 2   x1  x2    y1  y2 

2
 a  b  a2  b2  2ab
 x2  4  4x  y2 1 2 y  x2  4  4x  y2  9  6 y 2
 a  b  a2  b2  2ab

 8x  4 y  8  0  2 x  y  2  0    (4)
2 2 2 2
Also, SB = SC  SB 2  SC 2   x  2    y  3    x  1   y  2 
 x 2  4  4 x  y 2  9  6 y  x 2  1  2 x  y 2  4  4 y  6 x  10 y  8  0
 3 x  5 y  4  0         (5) (2M)
Solving (4) and (5)
x y 1
-1 2 2 -1
-5 4 3 -5
x y 1 x y 1 6 2
     x ; y 
4  10 6  8 10  3 6 2 7 7 7
 6 2 
 circumcentre   ,  (1M)
 7 7
***6. Find the circumcentre of the triangle whose sides are x  y  2  0;5x  y  2  0 and x  2 y  5  0.
Sol. Given that x  y  2  0........(1) , 5 x  y  2  0........(2) , x  2 y  5  0............(3)
Solving (1) and (2)
x y 1
1 2 1 1
-1 -2 5 -1
x y 1 x y 1
       x  0, y   2
2  2 10  2 1  5 0 12 6
Let A = (0, -2) (1M)
Solving (2) and (3)
x y 1
-1 -2 5 -1
-2 5 1 -2
x y 1 x y 1
      x  1, y  3
5  4 2  25 10  1 9 27 9
Let B = (1, 3) (1M)
Solving (3) and (1)
x y 1
-2 5 1 -2
1 2 1 1
x y 1 x y 1
      x   3, y  1
4  5 5  2 1  2 9 3 3
JR MATHS-IB LAQ SOLUTIONS
Let C = (-3, 1) (1M)

Let S  x , y  be the circumcentre of  le ABC

We know that S is the circumcentre of triangle ABC then SA = SB = SC (1M)

Now, SA = SB
 SA2  SB 2

 IfA  x1 , y1  and B  x2 , y2  are two points

2 2 2 2
  x  0   y  2   x 1   y  3 2 2
then AB 2   x1  x2    y1  y2 

2
  a  b   a 2  b 2  2 ab
 x2  y 2  4  4 y  x2  1  2 x  y 2  9  6 y 2
a  b   a 2  b 2  2 ab

 2 x  10 y  6  0  x  5 y  3  0       (4) (1M)
2 2 2 2
Also, SB = SC  SB 2  SC 2   x  1   y  3    x  3    y  1

 x2  1  2x  y 2  9  6 y  x2  9  6x  y 2  1  2 y  8 x  4 y  0
 2 x  y  0       (5) (1M)
Solving (4) and (5)
x y 1
5 -3 1 5
1 0 2 1
x y 1 x y 1 3 1 6 2
     x  ;y  
0  3  6  0 1  10 3 6 9 9 3 9 3

 1 2 
 circumcentre   ,  (1M)
 3 3

***7. Find the Orthocentre of the triangle formedby the lines x  2 y  0, 4 x  3 y  5  0

and 3 x  y  0 (Mar-10)
Sol. Given that x  2 y  0......... 1 , 4x  3 y  5  0......... 2 , 3 x  y  0 ........  3 
Solving (1) and (2)
x y 1
2 0 1 2
3 -5 4 3
x y 1 x y 1
      x  2, y   1
10  0 0  5 3  8 10 5 5
Let A = (2, -1) (1M)
Solving (2) and (3)
JR MATHS-IB LAQ SOLUTIONS
x y 1
3 -5 4 3
1 0 3 1
x y 1 x y 1
      x   1, y  3
0  5 15  0 4  9 5 15 5
Let B = (-1, 3) (1M)
Solving (3) and (1)
x y 1
1 0 3 1
2 0 1 2
x y 1 x y 1
      x  0, y  0
0  0 0  0 6 1 0 0 5
Let C = (0,0) (1M)
Let AD, BE be the altitudes drawn from A and B to the sides BC and CA respectively.

In a triangle the point of intercetion of two altitudes is called orthocentre (1M)

03 y2  y1
Slope of BC  m  3 If theslope of the line joining the points  x1, y1  and x2 , y2  
01 x2  x1
since AD  BC then

1 1  If m , m are slopes of two lr lines thenm m  1  m   1

Slope of AD =  1 2 1 2 2
m 3 m1

1
 Equation of AD is y  y1   x  x1 
m
1
 y 1   x  2   3 y  3  x  2  x  3 y  5  0      (4) (1M)
3
y2  y1 0  1 1
Slope of CA  m    
x2  x1 0  2 2
1
since BE  CA then slope of BE = 2
m
1
 Equation of BE is y  y1   x  x1 
m
  y  3  2  x  1  y  3  2x  2  2 x  y  5  0        5 (1M)
Solving (4) and (5)
x y 1
-3 -5 1 -3
-1 5 2 -1
JR MATHS-IB LAQ SOLUTIONS
x y 1 x y 1  20  15
     x   4; y   3
15  5 10  5 1  6 20 15 5 5 5
 Orthocentre   4, 3 (1M)
***8. If the equations of the sides of a triangle are 7 x  y  10  0, x  2 y  5  0 and
x  y  2  0 . Find the Orthocentre of the triangle.(May-09)
Sol. Given that 7x  y 10  0........1 , x  2y  5  0......... 2 , x  y  2  0........ 3
Solving (1) and (2)
x y 1
1 -10 7 1
-2 5 1 -2
x y 1 x y 1
      x  1, y  3
5  20 10  35 14 1 15 45 15
Let A = ( 1, 3) (1M)
Solving (2) and (3)
x y 1
-2 5 1 -2
1 2 1 1
x y 1 x y 1
      x   3, y  1
4  5 5  2 1  2 9 3 3
Let B = (-3, 1) (1M)
Solving (3) and (1)
x y 1
1 2 1 1
1 -10 7 1
x y 1 x y 1
      x  2, y   4
10  2 14  10 1  7 12 24 6
Let C = (2, -4) (1M)
Let AD, BE be the altitudes drawn from A and B to the sides BC and CA respectively.

 In a triangle the point of intercetion of two altitudes is called orthocentre (1M)

4  1 If theslope of the line joining the points  x , y  and x , y   y2  y1

Slope of BC  m   1 1 2 2
x2  x1
23

5
1
5
since AD  BC then

1 1
 1  If m1 , m2 are slopes of two  lines thenm1m2  1  m2  
lr
Slope of AD = m1
m
JR MATHS-IB LAQ SOLUTIONS
1
 Equation of AD is y  y1   x  x1 
m
 y  3  1 x  1  y  3  x  1  x  y  2  0        4 (1M)
y2  y1 4  3
Slope of CA  m    7
x2  x1 2 1
1 1
since BE  CA then slope of BE = 
m 7
1
 Equation of BE is y  y1   x  x1 
m
1
 y 1   x  3  7 y  7  x  3  x  7 y  10  0        5 (1M)
7
Solving (4) and (5)
x y 1
-1 2 1 -1
-7 10 1 -7
x y 1 x y 1 4 2 8 4
     x  ,y 
10  14 2  10 7  1 4 8 6 6 3 6 3
 2 4 
 Orthocentre   ,  (1M)
 3 3
***9. If Q  h, k  is the image of the point P  x1 , y1  w.r.to the straight line ax  by  c  0 then
prove that (h  x1 ) : a  (k  y1 ) : b  2(ax1  by1  c) : a 2  b 2 (or)

h  x1 k  y1 2  ax1  by1  c 
  and find the image of 1, 2  w.r.to the straight line
a b a 2  b2
2x  3y  5  0 . (Mar-2013, May-2004)
Sol. Let the equation of a straight line be ax  by  c  0       1

(1M)

Let Q  h, k  be the image of P  x1 , y1  w.r.to (1)

a a
slope of (1)  the slope of the line ax+by+c =0 is 
b b
JR MATHS-IB LAQ SOLUTIONS

k  y1 y2  y1
slope of PQ  h  x If theslope of the line joining the points  x1 , y1  and x2 , y2   x  x
1 2 1

clearly, PQ  1 (1M)

 slope of PQ  slope of 1  1  If m1 , m 2 are slopes of two  lines then m1 m 2  1

lr

 k  y1   a  k  y1 h  x1
    1  
 h  x1   b  b a
h  x1 k  y1
Let   t       2
a b
h  x1 k  y1
 t ;  t  h  x1  at ; k  y1  bt  h  at  x1 ; k  bt  y1 ---(3) (2M)
a b
Let R be the midpoint of PQ

 h x k  y   x1  x2 y1  y2 
 R   2 , 2   If A  x1 , y1  B  x2 , y2  are two points, then mid point of AB= 
1 1
,
  2 2 
R lies on (1)
 h  x1   k  y1  ah  ax1  bk  by1  2c
a    b c  0  0
 2   2  2
 a  at  x1   b  bt  y1   ax1  by1  2c  0  from  3  

 a 2t  ax1  b 2t  by1  ax1  by1  2c  0  t  a  b   2ax1  2by1  2c  0

2 2

 t  a 2  b 2   2  ax1  by1  c   0  t  a 2  b 2   2  ax1  by1  c 

2  ax1  by1  c 
t  (1M)
a 2
 b2 

h  x1 k  y1 2  ax1  by1  c 
 from (2),  
a b a2  b2
 (h  x1 ) : a  (k  y1 ) : b  2(ax1  by1  c) : a 2  b 2
Let Q  h, k  be the image of (1, -2) w.r.to 2 x  3 y  5  0
h  x1 k  y1 2  ax1  by1  c 
we know that  
a b a2  b2

h  1 k  2 2  2  6  5  h  1 k  2 2 13 h 1 k  2
         2
2 3 49 2 3 13 2 3
h 1 k 2
  2 ;  2  h  1  4 ; k  2  6  h  3 ; k  4
2 3
 Image   3, 4  (2M)