> I < o,_ order of maan Be te. Some. = | Bur 6-67x102 i. : 625 so, order of’ magnitude is jo?tlsip? Ss 6. Dimensinnal analysis * aed is od quation has 4o dimensiona balonced . | Comverstan pCGG | ee ig mgs Kc] : fata ie OE eT TAT LF aea Mean Value = cutwot:-- x) 7a "Absolute error (4x) » Pea = Oe Oly. ANS X22 : Mean absolute error Abul + Alul+-- ca Relative error Anu x General representation ~ mt AG Propa ction oF ercetsy Aat Ab 3: Ma Hfplicotion | ee AKB A: at Aa B= be £b At = AQ 4.Ad je a ae bea he A + / Aa (xB) t (Ag+ db yx % for Division also same 4 Power- A= xdyb 2 | Oe. | BA - gaa +bAy tear A zi aa AR xip0 = AArxJ00 + bAY xID0 $CA2x100 kK x 44 Scalars and Vectors LEE PHe R2= P24+Q*+ APQ cos tonx= Qsind P+QCos® Obr PAeT Rac srPee Bi fue Pal + Py} + Re Pe VPP Fy34P.2 Cosal= Pa cos B = Py Cos =Pe if Pp Pinematics Motion in 1D ‘Distance = length ob the poth 2 Displacement = shortest path dist 3 Speed = P . 4 Velocity = disp ats 6 Acceleration= Av ¥ eval & Motion b- Am N-UA™ (a=c) Gaze) Ve utat V2 u7 4208 Seut+lot* g S= yt -Lat* a seLcvru)t a 6 Uniform motion =S$ 4. Disp ia ath second- -S8p-1 2 UFO C2n-1) Sp - Sn-t = 4 Ve Fe) a= dv dt lo. azdv dt aes ae I} N-UAM ba: F(t) oa Flv) dv = F(t) vdv = Ftv) at ds vdu = (d. [ave fre ae ee fos a=dvxds © G= FCs) oe die val, = F 3) | o> vdy hie Fis)ds cas Save f \Q-) We. Fxs dA = Fds We R=[ Rds S| \2- Graph converston svst ) ee stationary body = oe Ss constant velocity + 2“tonct. tetacca” ‘ ere ik,Pe Conkiner a Fb mn Const: dert- a ce x Area under V-t *clisp Slope BE vt occ: * Area of a-t = Av Slope of AS - Jerk me? At Motion under gravity Coniform acc) ustve | 57 1V€ oa eae S| {ueve | s=-ve fret iss u-0 thrown upwords, achesatt, ht=h Jup & | down reach earth in} ® When a body is dropped freely from top of a towtr ond another body is projected horizontally , both will teach the round at some time - Motion in 2D In 3p, te xt+ yieok » 2- Displacement vector lar l= fee Cay = Va 2+ (Y 4 -Yi)e oF Velocity vector Avg: vel, Vay= Ar = h-ry ON. eer 2 a 2 a Vay = AX 44 Ay} At KE x a > Avart Avy Inst-Vel = lim At70 Ww Vv Foye Ar - dr Ri Te | Direction of y, tand= (v4 ) —Acceleration Vector ne eau day = Avs Avy + Av > le Ad highest point, Iineor At At At momentum 4s mucosO ed my, (cos Bese 2. Vong vals {co 2 le horizontal disp, <2 Ucosb tan 8 = oy + vertical disp y-usinOt-1 gf ‘ Ox ie a ___|* Path of projectile is parabolx: / Projectile motion. Meg des Doo ucosO E gae= sin® =9t Cucos®)4- y= Cusine )+-1 gt? a oe = z+anBeqx> T= Qucos® QuzcoF@ He He u2cos2 Tz Qusin® 2g . 3 R= vesin20 H= 2 sin? 6 i nS Y= xcot® = grr R=. ussin2 Oi pe Qutsin?p a i eax =e 80" 4 iene eee U2 fe Os use. ae ae Saree pipet gn na FOR EDUCATIONAL USEPy Sie (uy= 0) V= Vx vy? = Yur age Equation of path oF projechle Yad x2 Qu> Motion on on inclined plane ie Te Qusin@@-#) gosh = ursin?ca-$) ae g cosB X= QursinCa-f) Cesk Yoos § Circular motion | |. Angular disp A@= As > \ineor disp F — radius -roadjan 2 Angular vel @= 48 227 AE OT - rad/s w= Vv a Ver 3° Angular acceleration ae = AWS dW. d20 Ao de sae He ord: /s = ae ret L\iner ace - 4 =V2 Lat 4: KTnematic Squations - We Wotat Be 8 = @ot+Lat® eCDa= W)p7 +200 ~ OE? Wot s Ge Oot Secon i) 2WW: Centifuqat force =_pseudo te Pie ree. Vier {F. shes Ledieats of stoHe Ai Hon _ ° ee fad = Saat =) opt = Veg tone , Fan® = V>pt hg Centripeta | Force PIR: Bending of cyetist © ston = v2Wa Conai? for pendulum motion Q SVMGR - IS: Vertical CM - Ay top < Ti< mg PE=mg(2t) Pe) 2 =m A+ bottom ~ Ti= mv?smg r PE=0 Mid way 2 omy aoe re emg r (6. Critical / min values Top: ver Pe = mg2r ke =Lmgr od Bothm tv=y5gr Pe=0 KE = 5 mgr 2 > mid + V- Sgr pe =mgr > Bmgr k oe a Newtons Laws OF Motfon ee eee a UOT 1 more the mass more the inertia Q: forces Push /pull. — Newton = Contact force + Fre ctional, tensona) ? Spring »Normal- -— Non-contact. 3% Magaetias Jravitationa| 8 Impulsive Forces Force which octs for short & and produces large change th my 4. Linear momentum ———— p-™mv -vector 5: QP tow: P=mvV Ferre AP df Fext= kde re af Ferre Ab C21) dr Beis d+ IP m= constant Fe= mdv Fe=ma Same Fez mdv 4 vam at B9 ine: - Tension a - act Sata ae opp—airect TL T-mg=h_Temg ___ Serr eee \- Acwoods Pulley Cideal) T soA. Apparent weiqhtin ospring combination oe | Paralle| i een or] W . ns A Ln be mg Fon ve Jat ko x= F = [Alte T= ™Cgra) . 0) Ja Tem(g-a) og (v) When I7Pt fs under Pree Pal), T=0- 5° Spring force : ae Berks ie disp Seta (os spring const - ce direct 16 Friction ~ opposes the relate motion Bt \ Static L iu — rest iis 2. Limiting pa — max vaiue of us vonen body js at the verge of starting motion eos. PS emnox) = UpR= normal reaction eS. —does not depend on area of contact but on their nature -if bibs SET Pa At i L=tand | oe [Angle of repose: | Gmtm.) min angle of inclina” ofa plone with horizontal - Fe nr = ie a Hen in = ton me mpm > Ane =: : mit. ALp = tan a al kinetic Bichon oe s ee area] a oy =UpeR- ME a. og Fe J] =| slidtng & rollf | Fi =(mo+mms) F_ Bee =| rolling Sliding my 4M24+ 3 10:) MoHon on Rough Snel aes F sa pies aia FE te “Motion of 2 bodte testing 5 NM eachother coi. ee it a UG bi Seta “f angle 0 Ptnarnation< angle of repose - Fup = Epushe mg (hi cos -cin Oeebucarionar tse UMg.24 Foz Uomg A Mb fam) g af Foui(metm) q “Cram eevihs “1g mre) 20° Pulley Moss system po saue) 3 mir Me T= 2mimog = (Here) fy Peer) T Jo. a= mg mmo Te mimeg mim (ii) rough horizento! surface az fmi- m2 9 mitmMe Bie ama m2 (14) 9 mit gv) ee e im 2) eS a A) ogee Cisne ate OD Q> 9m ig-Fi-F2 mM 1mM.tmM; = 1G - Lym 9 Lis 4 mitm24m3 i Bn Q= ‘misin® ;~ m2sinO 2 «4 am itme T= mim 2 Csine)t sin92)q mit me |2I" Fryction =—Condi® Py biock +o move +0 4¢ther pe lgichng Hecate 0 mAcs$ Separaitly « JB mac 7eumg itney vor) more 9 2eves LT Wwed by force of erat —We-myh i wit wd. spring WwW: d ka® oper Wet cxa™ 42). wd by couple a “angular disp ie A= T:9 ictine fi Ena Ie bin Fes [=Capactty oF doing ore eed = scajar : eae ae ya - Mechanical €nstopping fst , i 5, NO AAG - dmv? =p -}/ ae oe Work done by piney Forces =e eee S _ We Pus vy keke _ w= Fwos =e tive pm Kp = WHEL Stopping ime, heavy ag th = Ake — ol) PE ~~ stored form of energy - FCA)<-dAU Were -AU ig n = defined only For conservative forces: ay | = depends upen fea re Ferenc | ay ae . © Gravitational PE =mgh ekiaste PE Lf : * ty + ea AY = » &% o Electric PE b= . ae Whey ~p Gi) Dissipated Energy = lost fo Surroundin — sound, heat efe — cannot be retrieved 12. Forces based on energy © Conservative — independent of path — doesn't dissipate energ - wD in cycle =O ¥ ~ EX: @ravita? , Shing , Electosrar pone Consenothoes — WD dependent on path e aissfpates energy — in cycle #0 ~ Ex: Frictional Porce - 13° Equilbrium e Stable enedtraldn_be applied 40. = 8) unit fe watt Reser RW (LO O0t wet SOEs LHp = 746 watt [kWh 3:6x 104 T > "qv bullets / £2) mu2 2 es a Le 2ke = firone lifting an object y +AN=0 E> mgh otal mechanical bcollision elliding bodfes * ™M =z 94 rest then Bre col yy vo=u | e Bemis Cuy-u2 — d(mitm )" oF Rotational Wblor Aves Theorem Vy. | Ip =lq +“Thin sphecical shell @) cS lo = rie Sean \b) =F a Si Ty ee Solid sphere Se. (@) Q Ip= Ne & g eae ne ~ I3- Torque Moment of force about axfs of rotation or =rFsinO n — Also known as moment OF Force / Couple. = [P clockwise » T = -ve- = N-m IZ COsec SOI ee ie 15. (onservo- momentum. Senta O L=Lw= const Too, = lo. le. Couple Pair of equal and opposite forces With parallel lines » : 7 Anquiar impulse | : | le fer cat = Cpa; lt -“Rotatonal k-E& kLiwe \S Motonof ab dy tolling down 1 wo fhout | =tpng en an | focined plane roee qand i surka Bpttssure th ho FiutdFormulashan 9¢“fer, Lasse oh Gas Wel Wee aes coy iii. he high hernip & yma low.pressute, faal 4o 1dea). * Fostulates = Molewuies..ok sewne Gas are. Sdenticat _fandorn..rocttars. it = Ls “ed BS 2M Ane collfatane sbleviies ot” WES teat a orit alaer &= There is 90 Intermolecular force oP attraction among molecules - © kinetic Gas Eq” Rue eee poe n o ke oF m moles of gas BSAC BOar ny el —L mn Vrms > KE=S3neT ad o For nN moles ofa moleule pee aoa foe Sa r-T a 23 eT od NA eynaz k=) 3exlo -23 qimatea, Koo 4 mnrms)* for Imoled os ie aoa mvp ( ems) = a. -imM Cue: ar 7 Oar” Fr seeal Gosia (ae ution Maxwells Law oF distrib ° ds of Molecular Spee Vic VodV3 yf oer = SIE GCe LS oe v © Law of equipartition of energy div “qv | - Energy associated with tach molecule per degree of Preedom = Lkets, Fes tesmibies L kein © peqgree of Freedom - -meono atomic C3) = dtatomic C5 +n2 agefies af F matter : * [Heat i ill ° = Horm oF energy called them iia dacs eatin Spiele a di ie) Caniekonit. pressure nergy. called thermal | 4 = My Vo¢rg0-— b) Constant volume gas staf BEE Cree PO) 7 aoa 1nd it a aT vir eters - Solids @ Limeor 2© Anomalous expangon of water ~— When temp js incr From pee eG Vol dccr - becomes min atc & then incr. Vv 1a oO Wc lec © Application oP Thermal Ex pansion = Rails gre laid down Space ts left btn them: = transmission cables are not figntly fed +o the poles” ° iple porn of Water - ~ at Qi3k BOuGm of tg pressure 2 Bimetallic ted expansion) ye tee Ar ko ky rk2 a P oahieqt: Capocity : © Latent heat “Pendulum based clock - Loss fi | oss fn Hme ag ° Calorimetry Study of medsurement $0 heat. ° Specific Heat cepacia “) “aiigtee ~ depends on material =a For Hop = es) T/3, fi bsorbs more heat oh >cv PS a Cp-Cy=R ’ = Cv - Amt: of heat reqel to Change the temp oF any subs ; Q= mc At 5 eee =) N10) Ju MAT i i z OCA, = ‘mo change in phase = not applicable during ché Phase -0 [oelteienr of Thermat | Conductivity ce) y }= Ke Qct or Ge ent | KOON /d * 2 Specific latent heat = Intensive d do not I melting lee ~ Yk fx: ?, tea zt 1 hee . " ioe {Thermal equilibrium... LQ=mL | When + jt,V,7n 6 Py: @ | wert Hone te «Adiabatic Walls — doesn't allow flow 2aepors cycle ~ deal cycle oP opero” for a Heat SngIne a a id SET pear e Contains processes % @) Isothermal (AB ) ji) Adiabatic CBC) iti) [sotheemal compressiun (Co) WY) Adiabatic compresstom( PA ) G2 les roe ey = |o2 i © Carnot Theorem , = efficiency is independent of Hatuct of subs- oRebrigerator = Absorks hear from sink cat tow temp and rejects large ot - of heat Fe eh dent ot performance SEAT TRANSF 3 methods + > Conduction~ — Heat trans her from Hign lou temp without actual of particles - Obs fi) Convection ; Heat fransPer in which particles of liq /g move - ty Radiation: Heat transktr in the Povim of | electromaghetic Waves - | ~does nor require any med - ¢ Conduction in @ Conducting rod Sten dy ioua mo port avsorbs heat Isothermal : | suck of a matrial Whose all } parts are ot same temp - | Temp: qradieot = Change in temp _ Aioaienas > C promis 9)° A in Entropy _AS= AG T ae be —uoity- | Kelvin: [\l_ Prema body by + ds Impossible +o obtain continuous Supp ty of wi ICenting it tn a temp< An. i og Surrounding i eh — ae fantcis : __je Heat Engine ‘ ible +o transfer a eat from low tmp = Device do high temp taithart ME excterpal agency: 3 patie: | Source oF heat at high | Workin UbS Planck 2 ink oF heat at I niprs {ble +o Conshruct[Rate of heat tio iis tapwon as heat |, Current. Rie nha a * eae Ee ees Fe Tae See b= @ 2 §,A (o-6) a . = saat is Ra dation ee a =k, AC O-B2) = pend = W