obligation, as failure to do so may result in legal consequences.

A. What is an obligation?

1. A legal relation established between two parties

2. A juridical necessity to give, to do or not to do

3. A tie of law or a juridical bond

4. All of the above

5. None of the above

Answer: 2. A juridical necessity to give, to do or not to do

Explanation: An obligation is defined as a juridical necessity to give, to do or not to do. This means that
it is a legal duty or responsibility that one party has towards another, which may consist of giving
something, doing a certain act, or refraining from doing a certain act.

B. What is the origin of the word "obligation"?

1. Greek

2. Latin

3. French

4. English

5. Spanish

Answer: 2. Latin

Explanation: The word "obligation" is derived from the Latin word "obligatio", which means a "tying" or
"binding". This reflects the idea that an obligation is a tie of law or a juridical bond between two parties.

C. Why is an obligation considered a juridical necessity?

1. Because it is a legal duty or responsibility

2. Because it is enforceable by the courts of justice

3. Because it represents an economic value

4. Both 1 and 2

5. All of the above

Answer: 4. Both 1 and 2

Explanation: An obligation is considered a juridical necessity because it is a legal duty or responsibility

that one party has towards another. In case of non-compliance, the courts of justice may be called upon
to enforce its fulfillment or, in default thereof, the economic value that it represents.

obligation, as failure to do so may result in legal consequences.

A. What is an obligation?

1. A legal relation established between two parties

2. A juridical necessity to give, to do or not to do

3. A tie of law or a juridical bond

4. A and C

5. All of the above

Answer: 2. A juridical necessity to give, to do or not to do

Explanation: An obligation is defined as a juridical necessity to give, to do or not to do. This means that
the debtor or obligor has a duty to fulfill the prestation demanded of him by the creditor or obligee.

B. What is the origin of the word "obligation"?

1. Greek

2. Latin

3. French

4. English

5. Spanish

Answer: 2. Latin

Explanation: The word "obligation" is derived from the Latin word "obligatio" which means a "tying" or
"binding".

C. What is the consequence of non-compliance with an obligation?

1. The debtor will be fined

2. The creditor will be fined

3. The courts of justice may be called upon to enforce its fulfillment

4. The obligation will be cancelled

5. None of the above

Answer: 3. The courts of justice may be called upon to enforce its fulfillment
Explanation: In case of non-compliance with an obligation, the courts of justice may be called upon to
enforce its fulfillment or, in default thereof, the economic value that it represents. This means that the
debtor may face legal consequences for failing to fulfill his obligation.

D. What does Article 1156 of the Civil Code define as an obligation?

1. A legal relation established between two parties

2. A juridical necessity to give, to do or not to do

3. A tie of law or a juridical bond

4. The duty of the debtor or obligor to fulfill the prestation demanded of him

5. None of the above

Answer: 2. A juridical necessity to give, to do or not to do

Explanation: Article 1156 of the Civil Code defines an obligation as a juridical necessity to give, to do or
not to do. It stresses the duty of the debtor or obligor to fulfill the prestation demanded of him by the
creditor or obligee.

- The thing or service that is the subject of the obligation.

- It can be a positive act (to give or to do) or a negative act (not to do).

(4) Juridical tie or legal relationship

- The legal bond that exists between the debtor and the creditor, which is created by law, contract, or
quasi-contract.

1. What is a civil obligation?

a) An obligation which gives the debtor the right to refuse to comply

b) An obligation which gives the creditor the right to enforce its performance

c) An obligation which is based on equity and natural law

d) An obligation which does not grant a right of action to enforce its performance

Answer: b) An obligation which gives the creditor the right to enforce its performance

Explanation: A civil obligation is an obligation which gives the creditor or obligee a right of action in
courts of justice to enforce their performance.

2. Who is the passive subject in an obligation?

a) The creditor or obligee

b) The object or prestation

c) The active subject or debtor

d) The juridical tie or legal relationship

Answer: c) The active subject or debtor

Explanation: The passive subject in an obligation is the person who is bound to the fulfillment of the
obligation, also known as the debtor or obligor.

3. What is the object or prestation in an obligation?

a) The legal bond that exists between the debtor and the creditor

b) The thing or service that is the subject of the obligation

c) The person who is entitled to demand the fulfillment of the obligation

d) The person who has the duty to give, to do, or not to do

Answer: b) The thing or service that is the subject of the obligation

Explanation: The object or prestation in an obligation is the thing or service that is the subject of the
obligation. It can be a positive act (to give or to do) or a negative act (not to do).

4. What is the juridical tie or legal relationship in an obligation?

a) The legal bond that exists between the debtor and the creditor

b) The thing or service that is the subject of the obligation

c) The person who is entitled to demand the fulfillment of the obligation

d) The person who has the duty to give, to do, or not to do

Answer: a) The legal bond that exists between the debtor and the creditor

Explanation: The juridical tie or legal relationship in an obligation is the legal bond that exists between
the debtor and the creditor, which is created by law, contract, or quasi-contract.

- The thing or service that is the subject of the obligation.

- It can be a positive act (to give or to do) or a negative act (not to do).

(4) Juridical tie or legal relationship

- The legal bond that exists between the debtor and the creditor, which gives rise to the obligation.

1. What is a civil obligation?

a) An obligation which gives to the creditor or obligee a right of action in courts of justice to enforce their
performance.

b) An obligation that is based on equity and natural law.

c) An obligation that does not grant a right of action to enforce their performance.

d) An obligation that is not recognized by the Civil Code.

Answer: a) An obligation which gives to the creditor or obligee a right of action in courts of justice to
enforce their performance.

Explanation: A civil obligation is an obligation which gives to the creditor or obligee a right of action in
courts of justice to enforce their performance.

2. Who is the passive subject in an obligation?

a) The creditor or obligee

b) The object or prestation

c) The active subject

d) The debtor or obligor

Answer: d) The debtor or obligor

Explanation: The passive subject in an obligation is the debtor or obligor, who is the person bound to
the fulfillment of the obligation.

3. What is the object or prestation in an obligation?

a) The legal bond that exists between the debtor and the creditor

b) The thing or service that is the subject of the obligation

c) The person who is entitled to demand the fulfillment of the obligation

d) The person who has the duty to give, to do, or not to do

Answer: b) The thing or service that is the subject of the obligation

Explanation: The object or prestation in an obligation is the thing or service that is the subject of the
obligation.

4. What is the juridical tie or legal relationship in an obligation?

a) The legal bond that exists between the debtor and the creditor
b) The thing or service that is the subject of the obligation

c) The person who is entitled to demand the fulfillment of the obligation

d) The person who has the duty to give, to do, or not to do

Answer: a) The legal bond that exists between the debtor and the creditor

Explanation: The juridical tie or legal relationship in an obligation is the legal bond that exists between
the debtor and the creditor, which gives rise to the obligation.

5. What is the difference between a positive act and a negative act in an obligation?

a) A positive act is to give or to do, while a negative act is not to do.

b) A positive act is not to do, while a negative act is to give or to do.

c) A positive act is to give, while a negative act is to do.

d) A positive act is to do, while a negative act is to give.

Answer: a) A positive act is to give or to do, while a negative act is not to do.

Explanation: In an obligation, the object or prestation can be a positive act (to give or to do) or a
negative act (not to do).

hich the law gives a person to demand from another the fulfillment of an obligation.

(c) Wrong (cause of action)

- is the violation of a right, which gives rise to an obligation to repair the damage caused.

Question 1: Who is entitled to demand the fulfillment of the obligation?

a) The debtor

b) The creditor

c) The guarantor

d) The surety

e) The witness

Answer: b) The creditor.

Explanation: The creditor is the person who has the right to demand the fulfillment of the obligation from
the debtor.

Question 2: What is the subject matter of the obligation?

a) The creditor

b) The debtor

c) The guarantor

d) The surety

e) The object or prestation

Answer: e) The object or prestation.

Explanation: The object or prestation is the subject matter of the obligation, which is the conduct
required to be observed by the debtor.

Question 3: What is the efficient cause of the obligation?

a) The creditor

b) The debtor

c) The guarantor

d) The surety

e) A juridical or legal tie

Answer: e) A juridical or legal tie.

Explanation: A juridical or legal tie is the efficient cause of the obligation, which binds or connects the
parties to the obligation.

Question 4: What is the form of obligation?

a) Only oral

b) Only in writing

c) Partly oral and partly writing

d) Both oral and writing

e) None of the above

Answer: d) Both oral and writing.

Explanation: The form of obligation can be oral, writing, or partly oral and partly writing, as stated in the
content.

Question 5: What is the difference between obligation, right, and wrong (cause of action)?

a) Obligation is the power given by the law to demand from another the fulfillment of a right, while
wrong is the act or performance which the law will enforce.
b) Right is the act or performance which the law will enforce, while wrong is the violation of a right that
gives rise to an obligation to repair the damage caused.

c) Obligation is the act or performance which the law will enforce, while right is the power given by the
law to demand from another the fulfillment of an obligation.

d) Obligation is the violation of a right that gives rise to an obligation to repair the damage caused, while
right is the power given by the law to demand from another the fulfillment of an obligation.

e) None of the above.

Answer: c) Obligation is the act or performance which the law will enforce, while right is the power given
by the law to demand from another the fulfillment of an obligation.

Explanation: Obligation is the act or performance which the law will enforce, while right is the power
given by the law to demand from another the fulfillment of an obligation. Wrong or cause of action is the
violation of a right, which gives rise to an obligation to repair the damage caused.

n propter rem)

- This is an obligation that is attached to a specific property or thing, and is binding on

anyone who becomes the owner of that property or thing.

(2) Personal obligation (obligation in personam)

- This is an obligation that is binding only on a specific person or group of persons, and

is enforceable against them personally.

Choices:

a) What is a wrong (cause of action)?

b) What is a real obligation?

c) What is a personal obligation?

d) What is a legal right?

e) What is a correlative legal obligation?

Answer: e) What is a correlative legal obligation?

Explanation: A correlative legal obligation is a necessary element of a cause of action, as it is the

obligation on the part of another to respect or not to violate a legal right. Without a correlative legal
obligation, there can be no cause of action.
are created by the agreement of the parties involved.

- (ex) Obligation to pay rent for a leased property.

(3) Quasi-contracts

- When there is no contract but the law creates an obligation in order to avoid unjust enrichment.

- (ex) Obligation to pay for necessary expenses incurred by another person.

(4) Acts or omissions punished by law

- When an obligation arises due to a violation of the law.

- (ex) Obligation to pay damages for causing harm to another person.

(5) Quasi-delicts

- When an obligation arises due to a fault or negligence of the person causing harm to another.

- (ex) Obligation to pay for damages caused by a car accident.

A. What is a real obligation?

a. An obligation to do or not to do

b. An obligation to give

c. An obligation to pay taxes

d. An obligation to support one's family

e. An obligation to pay for damages caused by a car accident

Answer: b. An obligation to give.

Explanation: A real obligation is an obligation to give, which means that the subject matter is a thing
that the obligor must deliver to the obligee.

B. What is a positive personal obligation?

a. An obligation to do or to render service

b. An obligation not to do

c. An obligation to pay rent

d. An obligation to pay for necessary expenses incurred by another person

e. An obligation to repair the shoes of Y

Answer: a. An obligation to do or to render service.

Explanation: A positive personal obligation is an obligation to do or to render service, as stated in
Article 1167.

C. What is a quasi-contract?

a. An obligation to do or not to do

b. An obligation to give

c. An obligation created by the agreement of the parties involved

d. An obligation arising due to a violation of the law

e. An obligation arising due to a fault or negligence of the person causing harm to another

Answer: c. An obligation created by the agreement of the parties involved.

Explanation: A quasi-contract is an obligation created by the agreement of the parties involved, even if
there is no formal contract.

D. What is a quasi-delict?

a. An obligation to do or not to do

b. An obligation to give

c. An obligation created by the agreement of the parties involved

d. An obligation arising due to a violation of the law

e. An obligation arising due to a fault or negligence of the person causing harm to another

Answer: e. An obligation arising due to a fault or negligence of the person causing harm to another.

Explanation: A quasi-delict is an obligation arising due to a fault or negligence of the person causing
harm to another, which requires the payment of damages.

1. Which of the following is an example of an obligation imposed by law itself?

a) Repaying a loan by virtue of an agreement

b) Returning money paid by mistake

c) Supporting one's family

d) Committing a crime

e) Causing damage through negligence

Answer: c) Supporting one's family.

Explanation: This is an example of an obligation that is imposed by the law itself, as stated in Art. 219.

2. What is the basis for contracts?

a) Lawful, voluntary, and unilateral acts

b) Stipulation of the parties

c) Civil liability

d) Acts or omissions punished by law

e) Damage caused through negligence

Answer: b) Stipulation of the parties.

Explanation: Contracts arise from the stipulation of the parties, as stated in Art. 1306.

3. What are quasi-contracts?

a) Obligations imposed by law itself

b) Obligations arising from the stipulation of the parties

c) Obligations arising from civil liability

d) Obligations arising from criminal offenses

e) Obligations arising from damage caused through negligence

Answer: c) Obligations arising from lawful, voluntary, and unilateral acts and which are enforceable to
the end that no one shall be unjustly enriched or benefited at the expense of another, as stated in Art.
2142.

Explanation: Quasi-contracts arise from lawful, voluntary, and unilateral acts and are enforceable to
prevent unjust enrichment or benefit at the expense of another.

4. What is the basis for crimes or acts or omissions punished by law?

a) Obligations imposed by law itself

b) Obligations arising from the stipulation of the parties

c) Obligations arising from civil liability

d) Obligations arising from criminal offenses

e) Obligations arising from damage caused through negligence

Answer: c) Obligations arising from civil liability which is the consequence of a criminal offense, as
stated in Art. 1161.
Explanation: Crimes or acts or omissions punished by law arise from civil liability which is the
consequence of a criminal offense.

5. What are quasi-delicts or torts?

a) Obligations imposed by law itself

b) Obligations arising from the stipulation of the parties

c) Obligations arising from civil liability

d) Obligations arising from criminal offenses

e) Obligations arising from damage caused through negligence

Answer: e) Obligations arising from damage caused to another through an act or omission, there being
fault or negligence, but no contractual relation exists between the parties, as stated in Art. 2176.

Explanation: Quasi-delicts or torts arise from damage caused to another through an act or omission,
there being fault or negligence, but no contractual relation exists between the parties.

1. What is the obligation of the head of a family living in a building or a part thereof?

a) To pay for the damages caused by things thrown or falling from the same

b) To maintain the cleanliness of the building

c) To provide security for the building

d) To ensure the building is earthquake-proof

e) None of the above

Answer: a) To pay for the damages caused by things thrown or falling from the same.

Explanation: According to Article 2193, the head of a family living in a building or a part thereof has the
obligation to answer for damages caused by things thrown or falling from the same.

2. Who is obligated to pay for the damage caused by an animal?

a) The owner of the animal

b) The person who was harmed by the animal

c) The government

d) The veterinarian who treated the animal

e) None of the above

Answer: a) The owner of the animal.

Explanation: According to Article 2183, the possessor of an animal has the obligation to pay for the
damage which it may have caused.

3. What are the two sources of obligations?

a) Those emanating from law and contracts

b) Those emanating from law and private acts

c) Those emanating from contracts and quasi-contracts

d) Those emanating from delicts and quasi-delicts

e) None of the above

Answer: a) Those emanating from law and contracts.

Explanation: As stated in the content, there are only two sources of obligations: those emanating from
law and those emanating from private acts, which may be further subdivided into those arising from licit
acts (contracts and quasi-contracts) and those arising from illicit acts (delicts and quasi-delicts).