UNIT-1

1) Definition of IoT

A dynamic global network infrastructure with self- configuring capabilities based on standard
and interoperable communication protocols, where physical and virtual “things” have identities,
physical attributes, and use intelligent interfaces, and are seamlessly integrated into information
network that communicate data with users and environments.

2) What are the characteristics of IoT?

i) Dynamic Global network & Self-Adapting

ii) Self Configuring
iii) Interoperable Communication Protocols
iv) Unique Identity
v) Integrated into Information Network

3) What are the things in IoT?

Refers to IoT devices which have unique identities that can perform sensing, actuating and
monitoring capabilities. For example: Sensors and Actuators

4) What are IoT protocols?

Link Layer
• 802.3 – Ethernet
• 802.11 – WiFi
• 802.16 – WiMax
• 802.15.4 – LR-WPAN
• 2G/3G/4G
Network/Internet Layer
• IPv4
• IPv6
• 6LoWPAN
• Transport Layer
• TCP
• UDP
Application Layer
• HTTP
• CoAP
• WebSocket
• MQTT
• XMPP
• DDS
• AMQP
5) Network Layer is responsible for?

• Responsible for sending of IP datagrams from source to destination network

• Performs the host addressing and packet routing

6) Transport Layer is responsible for?

• Provide end-to-end message transfer capability independent of the underlying network

• It provides functions such as error control, segmentation, flowcontrol and congestion control

7) What is TCP?

Transmission Control Protocol

Connection Oriented
Ensures Reliable transmission

8) What is UDP?

User Datagram Protocol

Connectionless
Does not ensures Reliable transmission

9) What is Logical Design of IoT?

Logical design of an IoT system refers to an abstract representation of the entities and
processes without going into the low-level specifics of the implementation.
It comprises of Device, Communication, Management, Security, Applications

10) Difference between REST and WebSocket-based Communication APIs

11) What are IoT enabling technologies?

• Wireless Sensor Network

• Cloud Computing
• Big Data Analytics
• Embedded Systems

12) What is IoT level 1?

A level - 1 IoT system has a single node/device that performs sensing and/or actuation, stores
data, performs analysis and hosts the application .
Example …Home Automation System

13) What is IoT level 2?

A level -2 IoT system has a single node that performs sensing and/or actuation and local
analysis. Data is stored in the cloud and the application is usually cloud -based.
Example …Smart Irrigation

14) What is IoT level 3?

A level -3 IoT system has a single node. Data is stored and analyzed in the cloud and the
application is cloud -based.
Example …Tracking Package Handling
Sensors used accelrometer and gyroscope

15) What is IoT level 4?

A level -4 IoT system has multiple nodes that perform local analysis. Data is stored in the cloud
and the application is cloud -based.
Example …Noise Monitoring
Sound Sensors are used

16) What is IoT level 5?

A level -5 IoT system has multiple end nodes and one coordinator node. The end nodes perform
sensing and/or actuation.

17) What is IoT level 6?

A level -6 IoT system has multiple independent end nodes that perform sensing and/or actuation
and send data to the cloud. Data is stored in the cloud and the application is cloud -based.
UNIT-2

1) What are the IoT applications for Home Automation?

IoT applications for smart homes:

1. Smart Lighting
2. Smart Appliances
3. Intrusion Detection
4. Smoke / Gas Detectors

2) What are the IoT applications for Smart Cities?

IoT applications for smart cities:

1. Smart Parking
2. Smart Lighting for Road
3. Smart Road
4. Structural Health Monitoring
5. Surveillance
6. Emergency Response

3) What are the IoT applications for Smart Environment?

IoT applications for smart environments:

1. Weather Monitoring
2. Air Pollution Monitoring
3. Noise Pollution Monitoring
4. Forest Fire Detection
5. River Flood Detection

4) What are the IoT applications for Smart Energy Systems?

IoT applications for smart energy systems:

1. Smart Grid
2. Renewable Energy Systems
3. Prognostics

5) What are the IoT applications for Smart Retail Systems?

IoT applications in smart retail systems:

1. Inventory Management
2. Smart Payments
3. Smart Vending Machines
6) What are the IoT applications for Smart Logistic Systems?

IoT applications for smart logistic systems:

1. Fleet Tracking
2. Shipment Monitoring
3. Remote Vehicle Diagnostics

7) What are the IoT applications for Smart Agriculture?

IoT applications for smart agriculture:

1. Smart Irrigation
2. Green House Control

8) What are the IoT applications for Smart Industry?

IoT applications in smart industry:

1. Machine Diagnosis & Prognosis
2. Indoor Air Quality Monitoring

9) What are the IoT applications for Smart Health and Lifestyle?

IoT applications in smart health & lifestyle:

1. Health & Fitness Monitoring
2. Wearable Electronics

UNIT-3

1) What is M2M?

Machine-to-Machine (M2M) refers to networking of machines (or devices) for the purpose of
remote monitoring and control and data exchange.

2) What are M2M Gateways?

Since non-IP based protocols are used within M2M area networks, the M2M nodes within one
network cannot communicate with nodes in an external network.
To enable the communication between remote M2M area networks, M2M gateways are used.
3) What are the differences between M2M and IoT?

4) What is SDN?

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a networking architecture that separates the control

plane from the data plane and centralizes the network controller.

5) What are the key elements of SDN?

• Centralized Network Controller

• Programmable Open APIs
• Standard Communication Interface (OpenFlow)

6) What is NFV?

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is a technology that leverages virtualization to consolidate

the heterogeneous network devices onto industry standard high volume servers, switches and
storage.

7) Key elements of NFV?

• Virtualized Network Function (VNF)

• NFV Infrastructure (NFVI)
• NFV Management and Orchestration