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CHAPTER 3 ROUND. OVAL. AND FLEXIBLE DUCT

ROUND DUCT CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS .................................................................... 3.7

. . . . .MITERED
. . . . . . . . . . .ELBOWS
. . . . . . . . . . .TABLE
. . . . . . . . 3-1
..... 3.1
COMMENTARY.........................................................................................................................3.2
ROUND DUCT GAGE UNREINFORCED POSITIVE PRESSURE TABLE 3.2A .....................3.3
ROUND DUCT GAGE NEGATIVE PRESSURE TABLE 3.28 .................................................. 3.5
ALUMINUM ROUND DUCT GAGE SCHEDULE TABLE 3-3 .................................................. 3.7
.
.
SEAMS-ROUND DUCT AND F l n l N G S FIGURE 3-1 .......................... ............................. 3.8
TRANSVERSE JOINTS-ROUND DUCT FIGURE 3-2 .............................................................3.9
ROUND DUCT ELBOWS FIGURE 3-3 ................................................................................. 3.10
90 DEGREES TEES AND LATERALS FIGURE 3-4 ............................................................... 3.11
CONICAL TEES FIGURE 3-5 .................................................................................................. 3.12
FLAT OVAL DUCT CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS ..............................................................3.13
COMMENTARY ........................................................................................................................
3.13
FLAT OVAL DUCT CONSTRUCTION TABLE 3-4 ..................................................................3.13
FLAT OVAL DUCTS FIGURE 3-6 ......................................................................................... 3.14
FLEXIBLE DUCT INSTALLATION STANDARDS .................................................................. 3.15
TYPES OF FLEXIBLE DUCT FIGURE 3-7 ........................................................................... 3.16
SPECIFICATION FOR JOINING AND ATTACHING FLEXIBLE DUCT ................................. 3.17
SPECIFICATION FOR SUPPORTING FLEXIBLE DUCT ..................................................... 3.19
FLEXIBLE DUCT SUPPORTS FIGURE 3-9 ........................................................................ 3.20
FLEXIBLE DUCT SUPPORTS FIGURE 3-10 ........................................................................ 3.21
COMMENTARY...................................................................................................................... 3.22
UNDERGROUND DUCT CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS .................................................... 3.23
TYPICAL UNDERSLAB DUCT FIGURE 3-11 ......................................................................... 3.24
ANCHORS FOR DUCT ENCASEMENT FIGURE 3-12 ..........................................................3.25
COMMENTARY........................................................................................................................3.26

CHAPTER 4 HANGERS AND SUPPORTS

4.1 HANGING AND SUPPORTING SYSTEMS .............................................................................. 4.1

4.2 COMMENTARY .........................................................................................................................
4.1
HANGER ATACHMENTS TO STRUCTURES FIGURE 4-1 ................................................4.3
UPPER ATTACHMENT DEVICES-TYPICAL FIGURE 4-2 ......................................................4.4
UPPER ATTACHMENTS-TYPICAL FIGURE 4-3 ................................................................... 4.5
RECTANGULAR DUCT HANGERS MINIMUM SIZE TABLE 4-1 ............................................ 4.6
MINIMUM HANGER SIZES FOR ROUND DUCT TABLE 4.2 ................................................. 4.8
LOWER HANGER ATTACHMENTS FIGURE 4-4 ....................................................................4.9
ALLOWABLE LOADS FOR TRAPEZE BARS TABLE 4-3 ....................................................... 4.10
TRAPEZE LOAD DIAGRAM FIGURE 4-5 .............................................................................. 4.12
LARGE DUCT SUPPORT FIGURE 4-6 ................................................................................. 4.13
RISER SUPP.QRTS-FROM FLOOR FIGURE 4-7 ................:............................................... 4.14
SUPPORTS FROM WALL FIGURE 4-8 AND TABLE 4-4 ..................................................... 4.16
RISER SUPPORT-FROM FLOOR FIGURE 4-9 ................................................................... 4.18
HVAC UNIT SUSPENSION FIGURE 4-10 .............................................................................. 4.19

CHAPTER 5 EXTERIOR COMPONENTS

5.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 5.1

LOUVERS AND SCREENS FIGURE 5-1 ................................................................................5.2
LOUVER FREE AREA CALCULATION FIGURE 5-2 ............................................................... 5.4
5.2 ROOFTOP EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION .......................... .
. ............................................. 5.5
5.3 COMMENTARY ......................................................................................................................... 5.5
ROOFTOP DUCT INSTALLATION FIGURE 5-3 ...................................................................... 5.6
EQUIPMENT AND DUCT SUPPORT FLASHING FIGURE 5-4 ............................................... 5.7

HVAC DUCT CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS METAL AND FLEXIBLE ix


2.3 NOTES FOR FIGURES 2-12 AND 2-13
1. Unless otherwise permitted, dampers shall be
provided with the general configuration, materials,
andapplication limits indicated in Figures2-14 and
2- 15 and in related notes.
2. Damper hardware must be durable and installed
properly.
3. Dampers must be stable underoperatingconditions.
Round and rectangular damper blades must be
stiffened by formingorothermethod ifrequired for
the duty.
4. All single bladedampersmusthavealockir~gdevice
to hold the dampers in a fixed position without
vibration.
5. Damper component penetration of ducts must be
closed, in keeping with the sealing classification
applicable for the pressure class. End bearings or
other seals are required on 3" w.g. (750 Pa) static
pressure class.
6. Theinstallationofadamperinalinedductmustnot
damage the liner or cause liner erosion.
2.4 COMMENTARY
Designers must show all required air volume control
devices on the contract drawings. Nothing in this
document implies an obligation to provide volume
control devices that are not on the contract drawings.
The ASHRAE Syslerns Hondbook chapter on testing,
adjusting, and balancing defines ducts as follows: a
mainductservesthesyste~'smajororentire fluid flow;
a submain serves two or more branch mains; a branch
main serves two or yore terminals; a branch serves a
single terminal."lllustrating dampers on contract
drawings relieves contractors from interpreting damper
requirements.
Thedamperdesigns illustrated in Figures2-14 and2-15
are for reducedvolumecontrol, not for positive shut off.
HVAC Duct Construction Standards Metal and Flexible Second Edition
 2.2 VOLUME DAMPERS Modified versions can be constructed for tight shut off.
OBD (opposed blade damper) devices installed with
grilles anddiffusers shouldnot be reliedon to take more
than 114 to 112 closure without noise.
Single-blade or opposed-blade dampers are preferred
over splitters.
Oriticeplatesorperforatedmetalwithrequiredpressure-
dropcharacteristics may be used in lieuofdampers to set
up permanent loss in duct runs.
Multiblade damper styles are normally parallel blade
fortwo positionoperation; opposed blade formodulating
position.
Dampcrs with bladc lengths over 48" (1219 mm) arc
normally sectioned horizontally.
Motor operators for dampers should develop sufficient
torque to operate properly. l'he motor supplier should
select operatorscarefully. In certaincases, afire damper
may be used for flow rate control. If it serves a dual
function, its operation as a fire damper must not be
impaired. The installation must not develop noise or
vibration.
Volume control devices that are capable of throttling
flowoverwide pressure differentials withoutgenerating
noise are normally special procurement items. Low-
pressure drop dampers should not be used for wide-
pressure differentials.
Consult duct design texts and manufacturer's data for
loss coefficients.
The designer must carefully evaluate pressure change in
dkcts and provide pressure relief measures where
necessary. System status changes, as in smoke control
mode or energy conservation use, impose different
requirements for normally open, normally closed, and
modulathg dampers.
-
2.15