Trigonometric Functions and Equations Review

1. The graph of a cosine function has a maximum of –1 and a minimum of –9.

a) Determine the amplitude of the function.
b) Determine the vertical translation of the function

π
2. Write the equation of the tangent function which has a period of π and a phase shift of + .
4
π 7π
3. One cycle of a sine function begins at x = – and ends at x = .
6 4
a) Determine the period of the function.

b) What value of k is required in the equation of the function?

4. Determine the amplitude, period, phase shift, and vertical translation, if it exists, for each
function with respect to
y = cos x.
é æ 3p ö ù p
a) y = –4 cos[2(x + 2.5)] b) y = cos ê3 ç x + ÷ ú – 5 c) y = –cos æç x - ö÷ + 3.5
1 1
4 ë è 4 øû è2 3ø

π
5. A cosine function has a maximum value of 7, a minimum value of 1, a period of , and a
2
3π
phase shift of rad to the right.
4
a) Write an equation for the function.

b) Graph the function and verify that it satisfies the properties given.

6. a) Determine approximate solutions for each equation in the interval

x Î [0, 2π], to the nearest hundredth of a radian.

3
i) sin x – 0.8 = 0 ii) tan x – =0 iii) sec x + 4 = 0 iv) 4 csc x + 5 = 0
4

7. Determine approximate solutions for each equation in the interval x Î [0, 2π], to the nearest
hundredth of a radian.
49
a) sec2x – =0 b) tan2x – 2.25 = 0 c) 64 sin2x – 25 = 0 d) csc2x – 6.25 = 0
9
8. a) Determine the solutions for the equation 2 csc2x – 9 cscx + 10 = 0 in the interval x Î [0,
2π]. Give exact solutions where possible. If not possible, round to the nearest hundredth
of a radian.

b) Verify your solutions to part a) by graphing.

 1
and cos-1 æç
1 ö.
9. a) Explain the difference between sec ÷
2 è 2ø
b) Determine a value for each of the expressions in part a).

10. Determine exact solutions for the equation 2sin2x – 3sinx + 1 = 0 in the interval x Î [0, 2π].

11. Consider the function

5p ö
y = –3 sin æç 2 x - ÷ – 4.75.
è 3 ø
a) What is the amplitude? b) What is the period?
c) Describe the phase shift. d) Describe the vertical translation.
e) Sketch a graph of the function over two cycles.

Answers

! 23π 24
1. a) 4 b) –5 2. 𝑦 = tan &𝑥 − " ) 3. a) b)
12 23
4. a) amplitude 4, period π, 2.5 rad to the left, no vertical translation
2π 3π
b) amplitude 0.25, period , rad to the left, vertical translation 5 units downward
3 4
2π
c) amplitude 1, period 4π, rad to the right, vertical translation 3.5 units upward
3
é æ 3π ö ù π
5. a) y = 3 cos ê 4 ç x - ÷ ú + 4 b) Window: x Î [–π, π], Xscl = , y Î [–4, 10]
ë è 4 øû 2

6. a) i) 0.93, 2.21 ii) 0.64, 3.79 iii) 1.82, 4.46 iv) 4.07, 5.36
7. a) 1.13, 2.01, 4.27, 5.16 b) 0.98, 2.16, 4.12, 5.30 c) 0.68, 2.47, 3.82, 5.61 d) 0.41, 2.73,
3.55, 5.87
π 5π
8. 0.41, , , 2.73
6 6
9. a) The secant function is the reciprocal of the cosine function and cos–1 is the opposite
operation of cosine.
1 æ 1 ö π
b) sec  1.3154, cos-1x ç ÷=
2 è 2ø 4
π π 5π
10. , ,
6 2 6
5π
11. a) 3 b) π c) rad to the right d) 4.75 units down
6
π
e) Window: x Î [–π, π], Xscl = , y Î [–10, 2]
2