EXRCISES – ANH 11 - HK1

PHONETICS
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the
other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. famine B. absorb C. admit D. global
2. A. capture B. transport C. atmosphere D. carbon
3. A. admit B. emit C. climate D. injure
4. A. infectious B. emission C. measure D. shortage
5. A. reduces B. diseases C. changes D. captures
6. A. participates B. athletes C. dominates D. activities
7. A. avoided B. recommended C. permitted D. practiced
8. A. promote B. confusion C. focus D. association
9. A. increase B. release C. please D. grease
10. A. consist B. disable C. suggest D. vision
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the
position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
1. A. maintain B. charter C. finish D. practice
2. A. solidarity B. cooperation C. representative D. nationality
3. A. celebrate B. integrate C. qualify D. consider
4. A. promote B. enjoy C. involve D. realize
5. A. remember B. understand C. imagine D. encourage
6. A. assistance B. confidence C. relation D. proposal
7. A. celebration B. behaviour C. stability D. relationship
8. A. support B. depict C. promote D. purchase
9. A. leadership B. maintainance C. principle D. agreement
10. A. competition B. contribution C. interference D. stability
VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
1. Coal burning ________ a large amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
A. decreases B. reduces C. relaxes D. releases
2. Methane is a far more active ________ than carbon dioxide, but also one which is much less
abundant in the atmosphere.
A. greenhouse damage B. danger area C. greenhouse gas D. greenhouse effect
3. The local authorities were blamed ______ignored the pollution issues in the area
A. About having B. on having C. for having D. before having
4. Toxic waste is an example of a ___________.
A. pollutant B. polluted C. pollution D. unpolluted
5. Many modern medicines are derived _________ plants and animals.
A. on B. for C. from D. in
6. Toxic chemicals from factories are one of the serious factors that leads wildlife to the ________
of extinction.
A. wall B. fence C. verge D. bridge
7. Saving _________ species from becoming extinct is crucial for our health and the future of our
children.
A. dangerous B. endanger C. endangering D. endangered
8. Our sources of energy will soon be __________ if we don't save them.
A. exhaust B. Exhauste C. exhaustedly D. exhaustion
9. They started a campaign to ___________ smoking among teenagers.
A. encourage B. Decrease C. discourage D. prohibit
10. People are destroying the environment by adding ___________to it.
A. pollutes B. pollutions C. polluting D. pollutants
11. It is high time we had to ________ some measures to protect endangered animals.
A. take B. bring C. hold D. use
12. Clearing forests for timber has led ________ the loss of biodiversity
A. with B. at C. to D. for
13. The rainforests around the world are ________ threat of deforestation.
A. in B. by C. under D. on
14. To solve the problems of pollution, it is important to identify the ________ of it.
A. reasons B. purpose C. causes D. facts
15. The rivers in the local area are heavily polluted _______ wastes released from nearby factories.
A. from B. with C. of D. in
16. Many of our medicines are derived _________ animals and plants.
A. of B. from C. by D. to
17. Forests _________ humans with many valuable things.
A. give B. provide C. award D. bring
18. Conservation is a challenging job but we cannot _________
A. give it on B. give it up C. put it on D. take it up
19. A lot of _________ have been taken to reduce global warming and its consequences.
A. ways B. methods C. rules D. solutions
20. Jack has decided to _________ the time he spends watching television, thinking he can
contribute to reducing global warming effects.
A. run out of B. cut down on C. go in for Tham gia một cuộc thi D. come up
with
21. The forecast has revealed that the world’s reserves of fossil fuel will have ………………… by
2015.
A. taken over B. caught up C. used off D. run out
22. Ecotourism is distinguished by its emphasis on conservation, education, traveler _________
and active community participation.
A. responsible B. irresponsible C. responsibility D. irresponsibility
23. Some people can’t get used to __________ Vietnamese noodles with chopsticks.
A. eat B. eating C. be eating D. have eaten
24. He often imagines __________ the first prize in the speaking competition.
A. win B. to win C. winning D. to winning
25. I appreciate __________ the opportunity to give a talk about ASEAN at your school.
A. having B. to have C. have D. had
26. Lan had planned __________ the ASEAN scholarship, but she missed the deadline.
A. apply for B. to apply for C. applying for D. to applying for
27. Some people can’t get used to __________ Vietnamese noodles with chopsticks.
A. eat B. eating C. be eating D. have eaten
28. The ASEAN School Tour Programme helps __________ cultural exchanges between Korea
and ASEAN countries.
A. promote B. promoted C. promoting D. promotes
29. Suri kept __________ at the floor during the interview.
A. look B. to look C. looking D. to looking
30. Probability of extinction depends _______ both the population size and fine details of the
population demography.
A. on B. in C. from D. for
31. ASEAN includes ten member states, but may get bigger other countries have applied to join
the __________.
A. bloc B. group C. gang D. troop
32. Some studies claim that __________ to heavy metal music is good for your health.
A. listen B. listening C. be listening D. Listened
33. There is a ___________ shortage of food in the disaster-stricken areas of ASEAN.
A. deep B. critical C. erratic D. strong
34. Joining WTO has helped Vietnam _________ its economic growth.
A. provide B. Promote C. prevent D. predict
35. I look forward to __________ to Brunei. I’ve never been there before.
A. go B. to go C. going D. be going
36. Vietnam has also become more attractive to foreign __________.
A. investors B. invest C. investment D. investor
37. Through ____________ activities, Vietnam has helped achieve peace in the global community.
A. interesting B. peacekeeping C. exciting D. influencing
38. 7. It’s time we stopped burning __________ and found renewable sources.
A. fossil fuels B. forests C. clean fuels D. heat-trapping gases
39. _________ at by everyone, he was disappointed.
A. laughed B. laugh C. laughing D. In laugh
40. _________ anxious to please us, they told us all we wanted to know.
A. Be B. To be C. Being D. In being
41. All participants in the programme need to have leadership __________ and volunteer
experience.
A. goals B. skills C. work D. Support
42. You have made a great __________ to the success of the school eco-project.
A. donation B. participation C. contribution D. development
43. You ______ learn to keep your bedroom tidy. No one can clean it for you.
A. had to B. must C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
44. It’s time we stopped burning __________ and found renewable sources.
A. fossil fuels B. forests C. clean fuels D. heat-trapping gases
45. Carbon dioxide is __________ into the atmosphere through natural processes and human
activities.
A. collected B. trapped C. cut down D. released
46. All participants in the SSEAYP will develop awareness of the __________ issues in the region.
A. eye-opening B. famous C. present D. current
47. Electronic __________ poses serious risks to both the environment and human health.
A. development B. waste C. zone D. emission
48. The __________ of the ASEAN School Games is to promote friendship among ASEAN youth
through sports.
A. issue B. Support C. goal D. coal
49. Sometimes parents ___ be tolerant of their children’s childlike behaviours.
A. should B. must C. have to D. mustn’t
50. My mother wanted to become a dancer, but she __________ follow in her parents’ footsteps
and became a medical doctor.
A. had to B. must C. shouldn’t D. has to
51. All participants in the programme need to have leadership __________ and volunteer
experience.
A. goals B. skills C. work D. support
52. I think parents __________ limit their children’s screen time to protect their eyesight.
A. mustn’t B. don’t have to C. shouldn’t D. should
53. My family ___ pay a lot of taxes every year.
A. should B. has to C. must D. ought to
54. My parents are always open to different views. I __________ agree with their opinions.
A. have to B. must C. don’t have to D. mustn’t
55. Sometimes parents ___ be tolerant of their children’s childlike behaviours.
A. should B. must C. have to D. mustn’t
56. There are agreed rules in each family that its members __________ follow.
A. don’t have to B. must C. mustn’t D. had to
57. Countries should switch __________ clean sources of energy.
A. from B. on C. to D. Off
58. _________ so much, the doll is still on the shelf.
A. Cost B. Costs C. to cost D. Costing
59. Peru's Bahuaja Sonene National Park, a remarkable protected area, is home _________ 174
species of mammals, including rare animals.
A. of B. for C. to D. at
60. Carbon dioxide is __________ into the atmosphere through natural processes and human
activities.
A. collected B. trapped C. cut down D. released
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. Now can I please get on with the job, without any more interference from you?
A. approval B. intervention C. limitation D. postponement
2. The emblem of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations was designed basing on rice - the
most important crop for the Southeast Asian people.
A. banner B. logo C. motto D. slogan
3. Your starting salary is £23,000 per annum and will be reviewed annually.
A every day B. every month C. every week D. every year
4. In Thailand, it's against the law to litter on the pavement. If you are caught, you can be fined up
to $2000 Baht.
A evil B. illegal C. immoral D. cruel
5 The beautiful sights in Sa Pa, Mui Ne and Ha Noi all contribute to the country's magic charm.
A. beauty B. fame C. imatation D. value
6. ASEAN organised different projects and activities to integrate its members.
A. combine B. socialize C. separate D. upgrade
7. The major shortcoming of ASEAN as an organisation is the inability to go through many
declarations, agreements, and instruments that they have proliferated over the years.
A. advantage B. benefit C. drawback D. achievement
8. Tet in Vietnam marks the beginning of spring and, for agrarian people who depend on the lunar
calendar to manage their crops, the start of the year.
A. traditional ones B. minority people C. farmers D. old people
9. We have achieved considerable results in the economic field, such as high economic growth,
stability and significant poverty alleviation over the past few years.
A. protection B. development C.prevention D. reduction
10. In making policy city, officials depend on over fifty citizen advisory boards and commissions
for citizen input.
A. depend on B. rely on C. impact on D. thank for
Complete the conversations by circling the best answers. Then practise reading them.
1. Nam: Your performance at the ASEAN Art Festival was amazing!
Mai: __________, Nam. I practised for it really hard to build my confidence.
A. It was excellent
B. I’m a good speaker
C. Well done
D. I’m glad you like it
2. Teacher: Your writing skills have improved a lot, Lan!
Lan: Thank you. __________.
A. I love your writing
B. I’m so pleased to hear that
C. You’re so good at writing
D. I’ll work harder
3. Phong: __________. It has a lot of interesting ideas.
Nick: Thank you, Phong. That means a lot to me.
A. I really like your presentation
B. Your presentation needs more work
C. I appreciate that
D. Thanks for saying that
4. Peter: The ASEAN Young Leaders conference was well organised! You did a great job.
Hoa: __________. It took us one year to plan it.
A. No, we didn’t
B. Thanks for saying that
C. Thanks for organising it
D. I noticed that you were absent
5. Lan and peter are talking together
lan: what do you do to help the environment?
peter: ____
A. it is the responsibility of the government.
B. i try to recycle more and reduce carbon footprint.
C. everyone can protect the environment.
D. environment helps people live comfortably.
6. Lan and Peter are talking together
Lan : Who has to suffer global warming effects the most?
Peter: ____
A. What are global warming effects?
B. Maybe poor people in low-lying areas.
C. All people suffer from global warming.
D. Only few people benefit from global warming.
7. "I will pick you up around 7:30 in front of the Asean Museum. The movie starts at 8:00." –
“____”
A. No, you don't B. OK. See you then.
C. I don't like waiting. D. Thanks, no big deal.
8. Peter and jerry are talking about environment.
Peter: “Do you think that we should use public transportation to protect our environment?” –
Jerry: “__________.”
A. Yes, it’s an absurd idea. B. There’s no doubt about it.
C. Of course not. You bet. D. Well, that’s very surprising!
9. Fiana and Fallon are talking about the weather.
Fiana: “Isn’t it going to rain tonight?” – Fallon: “_________.”
A. Yes, it isn’t. B. I hope not C. I don’t hope so D. No, it is.
10. John and Smith are talking about solar energy.
John: “Solar energy is not only plentiful and unlimited but also clean and safe. Do you think so?”
Smith: “___”
A. Thanks for your kind words. B. Thank you, I’m fine at the moment.
C. Thank you for your consideration. D. Yeah. You’re absolutely right.
READING
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or
phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Reading 1
Asia's economic, political and cultural importance is growing at a never-before seen rate.
Take China, for example: In terms of purchasing power, China is now the largest (1) ________ of
the world, having recently (2) _________ over the crown from the long time leader United States.
Understanding the fundamental structural changes in the global economy and having studied
abroad in Asia is a huge asset on your (3) _________ when competing for jobs.
Although the increasing importance of the continent, many international with experience in
companies are expanding to Asia and need (4) _________ with experience in Asian markets and
culture. To get a (5) __________ of the action and business ideas flowing from Asia, visit Asia-
Pacific Economic Cooperation's (APEC) website.
1. A. economic B. economical C. economically D. economy
2. A. came B. passed C. kicked D. taken
3. A. summary B. profile C. resume D. requirement
4. A. employees B. employers C. employment D. unemployment
5. A. glance B. glimpse C. look D. view
Reading 2
Vietnam is a (1) _______, developing country that in the last 34 years has had to recuperate
from the ravages of war. Substantial progress was achieved from 1986 to 1997 in moving forward
from an extremely low level of development and significantly reducing poverty.
Since 2001, Vietnamese authorities have reaffirmed their (2) ________ to economic
liberalization and international (3) _______. They have moved to implement the structural reforms
needed to modernize the economy and to produce more competitive, export-driven industries.
Vietnam's membership in the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and entry (4) ________
force of the US-Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement in December 2001 have led to even more
rapid changes in Vietnam's trade and economic regime. Vietnam's exports to the US doubled in
2002 and again in 2003. Vietnam joined the WTO (World Trade Organization) in January 2007,
following over a decade long (5) ________. This should provide an important boost to the
economy and should help to ensure the continuation of liberalizing reforms.
1. A. dense-populated B. densely-populated C. dense-populating D. densely
populating
2. A. commitment B. promise C. determination D. assurance
3. A. Incorporation B. integration C. combination D. inclusion
4. A. in B. on C. into D. of
5. A. negotiating process B. negotiable process C. negotiation process D. negotiated process
Circle the item among A, B, C or D that best answers the question about the passage.
Reading 3
Energy is fundamental to human beings, especially to poor people – the one- third of
humanity that does not have modern energy supplies like electricity, with which their life could be
improve.
Many people who live in countryside have to gather fuel wood. This takes a lot of time.
Moreover, it causes indoor air pollution because of heavy smoke. For many people living in rural
areas in developing countries of the world, biogas is the large energy resources available and costs
almost nothing. The main use of biogas is for cooking and heating. As biogas is smoke-free, it
helps solve the problem of indoor air pollution. Moreover, plant waste and animal manure cost
almost nothing.
 The tendency to use renewable energy sources is on the increase when non-renewable ones
are running out. In the near future, people in the developing countries may use wind or sea waves
as the environment-friendly energy sources.
1. What is the role of energy to human beings?
A. unimportant B. unnecessary C. necessary D. fundamental
2. What is the main use of biogas?
A. It is used mainly for cooking and heating. B. It is mainly used for lighting.
C. It is mainly used for operating. D. It is mainly used for producing in
factories.
3. According to the passage, what is the most awful effect of using fuel wood?
A. It causes indoor air pollution. B. It may cause fire.
C. It damages their houses. D. It affects the local scenery.
4. The tendency to use renewable energy sources ____.
A. goes up B. goes down C. fluctuates D. levels
5. What, according to the passage, may be used as the environment-friendly energy sources.
A. Nuclear energy B. Coal C. Wind and sea energy D. Oil
Reading 4
The costs and benefits of global warming will vary greatly from area to area. For moderate
climate change, the balance can be difficult to assess. But the larger the change in climate, the
more negative the consequences will become. Global warming will probably make life harder, not
easier, for most people. This is mainly because we have already built enormous infrastructure
based on the climate we now have.
People in some temperate zones may benefit from milder winters, more abundant rainfall,
and expanding crop production zones. But people in other areas will suffer from increased heat
waves, Coastal erosion, rising sea level, more erratic rainfall, and droughts.
The crops, natural vegetation, and domesticated and wild animals (including seafood) that
sustain people in a given area may be unable to adapt to local or regional changes in climate. The
ranges of diseases and insect pests that are limited by temperature may expand, if other
environmental conditions are also favorable.
In its summary report on the impacts of climate change, the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change stated, ‘Taken as a whole, the range of published evidence indicates that the net
damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time.”
(Source: Adaptedjrom the National Assessment Report by ihe U.S. Global Change Research
Program)
Question 26. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Environment pollution is real. B. Reasons why low-lying areas are flooded.
C. Solutions to global warming. D. Reasons why global warming is a problem.
Question 27. In paragraph 1, the word “this” reíers to _____________.
A. Harder life as a result of global warming B. Easier life as a result ‘of global warming
C. Climate change on global scale D. Flood in low-lying areas
Question 28. In paragraph 2, the word “erratic” is closest in meaning to ____________.
A. Predictable B. unpredictable C. Changeable D. unchangeable
Question 29. According to the passage, all of the following are the results of global warming
EXCEPT________
A. Higher temperature B. coastal erosion
C. Increasing D. stable rainfall
Question 30. What may happen to diseases and insect pests as a resuỉt of global wanning?
A. They will become extinct. B. They will increase in number.
C. They will not harm our planet. D. They will be under good control
 The greenhouse effect is always reported as being a negative consequence of current human
lifestyle practices. However there certainly have been numerous suggestions of positive
consequences of the greenhouse effect.
A slight temperature increase in some of the colder parts of the world may improve
conditions for agriculture and changing rainfall patterns may favor some species over others.
However, they do not balance with overall negative impacts. The social, economic and ecological
disorders brought about by such climatic changes worldwide are projected to greatly outweigh
regional benefits.
The impacts of global warming and climate change could become a source of increased
tension between nations and regions. While the developed, industrialized world is responsible for
75% of all CO2 emissions, these impacts will most likely hit hardest upon the poorer,
underdeveloped parts of the world. For example, as sea levels rise countries like Bangladesh will
suffer much more from the loss of valuable and populated lands than European or North American
countries, even though they have emitted only a tiny fraction of the greenhouse gases.
The effect of drowning coastlines could lead to hundreds of millions of climate refugees.
Where will these refugees go? How will they be cared for? Undoubtedly, such a disaster will
seriously worsen the already critical refugee problem in the world. A severe disorder of the world's
food supplies through floods, droughts, crop failures and diseases brought about by climate change
would lead to famines, wars and civil disorder in many countries.
1. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Greenhouse effect brings us more benefits than negative impacts.
B. Greenhouse effect brings us more negative impacts than benefits.
C. Current reports on the greenhouse effect are not accurate.
D. Reports should focus on suggestions of positions consequences of the greenhouse effect.
2. Which of the following will suffer most from the impacts of climate change?
A. The developed countries
B. The developing countries
C. The countries with valuable and populated lands
D. European or North American countries
3. Why will there be an increased tension between countries?
A. The developed countries are a source of disasters upon the underdeveloped countries.
B. The developed countries head lots of climate refugees to the underdeveloped countries.
C. The developed countries will suffer more than the underdeveloped countries.
D. The European or North American countries will lose more valuable and populated lands.
4. The word "tiny" in the passage is closest in meaning to ____.
A. large B. small C. much D. considerable
5. According to the passage, climate change will result in all of the following EXCEPT ____.
A. coastline disorder B. refugee problem C. famine D. crop failure
WRITING
Write meaningful sentences, using the words or phrases given.
1. Alexander Fleming / discover penicillin / 1928
________________________________________________________________
2. Many of the diseases / that / deadly / in the past / can / now / cured.
________________________________________________________________
3. My / grandfather / do / regular exercise / since / he / young.
________________________________________________________________
4. you / buy / all / ingredients / for / the cake / yet?
________________________________________________________________
5. Her son / suffer / heart disease / since / he / born.
________________________________________________________________
6. He / not do / much exercise / recently / because / he / too busy.
________________________________________________________________
7. We / only / do / part / the exercise routine / so far.
________________________________________________________________
8. Eat / balanced diet / key / long / healthy / life.
________________________________________________________________
9. Tom / need / have / strong / leadership skill / manage / this project.
________________________________________________________________
10. My / grandma/ never/ complain/ doing/ the housework.
________________________________________________________________
11. Some / country / ASEAN / celebrate / New Year / according to / lunar calendar.
________________________________________________________________
12. The organisers / call on / all student / send / idea / the ASEAN day.
________________________________________________________________
13. Become / member of the club / require / particular / skills / experience.
________________________________________________________________
14. The organisation / make / major contribution / economic development / in / region.
________________________________________________________________
15. Every year / ASEAN leader / meet, / discuss, / and offer solution / to / important problem.
________________________________________________________________

Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meanings using gerunds.
1. She loves to buy souvenirs when travelling to ASEAN countries.
➝She _________________________________.
2. He is worried that he may miss the deadline for applying for the exchange programme.
➝He is _________________________________.
3. To work in an ASEAN country has always been one of my goals.
➝_________________________________ of my goals.
4. I made friends with people from different cultures at the ASEAN festival. It was a
great experience.
➝_________________________________ was a great experience.
5. My grandma does all the housework. She never complains about it.
➝My grandma _________________________________.
6. We made the suggestion that we should change the date of the meeting.
➝We _________________________________.
7. My father travels to many ASEAN countries. This is what his job involves.
➝My father’s job _________________________________.
8. Students can play traditional games to learn about Vietnamese culture.
➝ Student can learn _________________________________.
9. “Why don’t we go to the cinema?”
➝ He suggested _________________________________.
10. I would like to do the laundry every day.
➝ I am interested _________________________________.
11. It is necessary to check your health every six months.
➝Checking _________________________________.
12. Hoa managed to lose weights to keep in shape.
➝ Hoa succeeded _________________________________.
13, It takes Thanh 3 hours a day to do her homework.
➝ Thanh spends_________________________________.
14. I’m always nervous when I travel by air.
➝ Travelling.....................................
14. Travelling by air always makes me nervous.
➝She is responsible for ___________ for all conferences.

Rewrite the sentences using present or past participle clauses.

1. Black carbon traps sunlight and sends it back into the air as heat.
⇒ _____________________________, black carbon sends it back into the air as heat.
2. When fossil fuels are burnt for energy, they release CO2 and other greenhouse gases.
⇒ _____________________________, fossil fuels release CO2 and other greenhouse gases.
3. Some farmers burn crop waste and kill the useful bacteria living in the soil.
⇒ _____________________________, some farmers kill the useful bacteria living in the soil.
4. Mr Viet is a geography teacher, so he knows a lot about climate change.
⇒ _____________________________, Mr Viet knows a lot about climate change.
5. Many buildings were hit by the heavy storm and got seriously damaged.
⇒ _____________________________, many buildings got seriously damaged.
6. When farmers cut down forests to make space for farm animals and crops, they contribute to
global warming.
⇒ _____________________________, farmers contribute to global warming.
7. If you use an online dictionary in this way, you can learn many new words.
=> ___________, an online dictionary can help you learn many new words.
8. The farmers cut down the trees, and started using the land for growing crops.
=> ___________, the farmers started using the land for growing crops.
9. The sun warms the earth's surface, which releases heat into the air.
=> ___________, the earth's surface releases heat into the air.
10. If carbon dioxide is produced in huge amount, it causes air pollution and climate change.
=> ___________, carbon dioxide causes air pollution and and climate change.

- In about 120 - 150 words, write a proposal/ leaflet.

 Write a proposal for an ASEAN poster making event to welcome a group of ASEAN
students.

 Write a leaflet to persuade people to reduce black carbon emissions.

---- The end ----

Write meaningful sentences, using the words or phrases given.

1. Alexander Fleming / discover penicillin / 1928
1. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928
3. Many of the diseases / that / deadly / in the past / can / now / cured.
3. Many of the diseases that were/used to be deadly in the past can now be cured.
2. My / grandfather / do / regular exercise / since / he / young.
2. My grandfather has done regular exercise since he was young.
4. you / buy / all / ingredients / for / the cake / yet?
4. Have you bought all the ingredients for the cake yet?
5. Her son / suffer / heart disease / since / he / born.
5. Her son has suffered from a heart disease since he was born.
6. He / not do / much exercise / recently / because / he / too busy.
6. He hasn't done much exercise recently because he's too busy.
7. We / only / do / part / the exercise routine / so far.
7. We have only done part of the exercise routine so far.
8. Eat / balanced diet / key / long / healthy / life.
8. Eating a balanced diet is the key to a long and healthy life.
9. Tom / need / have / strong / leadership skill / manage / this project.
9. Tom needs to have strong leadership skills to manage this project.
10. My / grandma/ never/ complain/ doing/ the housework.
10. My grandma never complains about doing all the housework.
11. Some / country / ASEAN / celebrate / New Year / according to / lunar calendar.
11. Some countries in ASEAN celebrate the New Year according to the lunar calendar.
12. The organisers / call on / all student / send / idea / the ASEAN day.
12. The organisers are calling/called/will call on all students to send in ideas for the ASEAN day.
13. Become / member of the club / require / particular / skills / experience.
13. Becoming a member of the club requires particular skills and experience.
14. The organisation / make / major contribution / economic development / in / region.
14. The organisation (has) made a major contribution to the economic development in the region.
15. Every year / ASEAN leader / meet, / discuss, / and offer solution / to / important problem.
15. Every year ASEAN leaders meet, discuss, and offer solutions to important problems.
Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meanings using gerunds.
1. She loves to buy souvenirs when travelling to ASEAN countries.
➝She _________________________________.
1. She loves buying souvenirs when travelling to ASEAN countries.
2. He is worried that he may miss the deadline for applying for the exchange programme.
➝He is _________________________________.
2. He is worried about missing the deadline for applying for the exchange programme.
3. To work in an ASEAN country has always been one of my goals.
➝_________________________________ of my goals.
3. Working in an ASEAN country has always been one of my goals.
4. I made friends with people from different cultures at the ASEAN festival. It was a
great experience.
➝_________________________________ was a great experience.
4. Making friends with people from different cultures at the ASEAN festival was a great
experience.
5. My grandma does all the housework. She never complains about it.
➝My grandma _________________________________.
5. My grandma never complains about doing all the housework.
6. We made the suggestion that we should change the date of the meeting.
➝We _________________________________.
6. We suggested changing the date of the meeting.
7. My father travels to many ASEAN countries. This is what his job involves.
➝My father’s job _________________________________.
7. My father's job involves travelling to many ASEAN countries.
8. Students can play traditional games to learn about Vietnamese culture.
➝ Student can learn _________________________________.
8. Students can learn about Vietnamese culture (by) playing traditional games.
9. “Why don’t we go to the cinema?”
➝ He suggested _________________________________.
9. He suggested going to the cinema.
10. I would like to do the laundry every day.
➝ I am interested _________________________________.
10. I am interested in doing the laundry every day.
11. It is necessary to check your health every six months.
➝Checking _________________________________.
11. Checking your health every six months is necessary.
12. Hoa managed to lose weights to keep in shape.
➝ Hoa succeeded _________________________________.
12, Hoa succeeded in losing weight to keep in shape.
13, It takes Thanh 3 hours a day to do her homework.
➝ Thanh spends_________________________________.
13. Thanh spends 3 hours a day doing her homework.
14. I’m always nervous when I travel by air.
➝ Travelling.....................................
14. Travelling by air always makes me nervous.
15. She usually prepares the guest list for all conferences.
➝She is responsible for ___________ for all conferences.
She is responsible for preparing the quest list all conferences.
Rewrite the sentences using present or past participle clauses.
1. Black carbon traps sunlight and sends it back into the air as heat.
⇒ _____________________________, black carbon sends it back into the air as heat.
1. Trapping sunlight, black carbon sends it back into the air as heat.
2. When fossil fuels are burnt for energy, they release CO2 and other greenhouse gases.
⇒ _____________________________, fossil fuels release CO2 and other greenhouse gases.
2. Burnt for energy, fossil fuels release CO, and other greenhouse gases.
3. Some farmers burn crop waste and kill the useful bacteria living in the soil.
⇒ _____________________________, some farmers kill the useful bacteria living in the soil.
3. (By) Burning crop waste, some farmers kill the useful bacteria living in the soil.
4. Mr Viet is a geography teacher, so he knows a lot about climate change.
⇒ _____________________________, Mr Viet knows a lot about climate change.
4. Being a geography teacher, Mr Viet knows a lot about climate change.
5. Many buildings were hit by the heavy storm and got seriously damaged.
⇒ _____________________________, many buildings got seriously damaged.
5. Hit by the heavy storm, many buildings got seriously damaged.

6. When farmers cut down forests to make space for farm animals and crops, they contribute to
global warming.
⇒ _____________________________, farmers contribute to global warming.
6. Cutting down forests to make space for farm animals and crops, farmers contribute to global
warming.
7. If you use an online dictionary in this way, you can learn many new words.
=> ___________, an online dictionary can help you learn many new words.
Used in this way, an online dictionary can help you learn many new words.
8. The farmers cut down the trees, and started using the land for growing crops.
=> ___________, the farmers started using the land for growing crops.
8. Cutting down the trees, the farmers started using the land for growing crops.
9. The sun warms the earth's surface, which releases heat into the air.
=> ___________, the earth's surface releases heat into the air.
9. Warmed by the sun, the earth's surface releases heat into the air.
10. If carbon dioxide is produced in huge amount, it causes air pollution and climate change.
=> ___________, carbon dioxide causes air pollution and and climate change.
10. Produced in huge amount, carbon dioxide causes air pollution and and climate change.