Worksheet 8

ChemE 101 – Worksheet 8 Department of Chemical Engineering
1 st Semester AY 2022-2023 University of the Philippines Diliman

Material Balance for Reacting Systems
Name ChemE 101 Section
Instructions: Fill in any missing information in the provided solution to each problem. You may print this worksheet, or, in the absence of a
printer, write the complete solution on another sheet of paper.
HONOR CODE
As a student who upholds the UP tradition of Honor and Excellence, I certify on my honor that I have neither
given nor received assistance from anyone in completing this assessment, unless collaboration on an assignment is
explicitly permitted. I further certify that I will not engage in any activity that would dishonestly improve my
results or improve or hurt the results of others. I understand that any act of cheating in this
assessment will result to a grade of 5.00 in this requirement and may be subjected to further disciplinary action.
______________________
Signature over Printed Name
______________________
Date (DD/M M/YYYY)
This study source was downloaded by 100000792552674 from CourseHero.com on 11-13-2023 09:49:58 GMT -06:00
1
https://www.coursehero.com/file/175691354/Worksheet-8pdf/
PROBLEM 1
Ammonia is burned to form nitric oxide and water:
The fractional conversion of oxygen is 0.5. The inlet molar flow rate is 5 mol/h of NH3 and 5 mol/h of oxygen. Calculate the exit
component molar flow rates using the:
1. extent of reaction method
2. atomic species balance
3. molecular species balance
Solution:
Diagram:
Assume: steady-state
Basis: 1h
Balanced reaction:
From additional information on conversion:
Method 1: Extent of Reaction

We write first the extent equations for each species, and then solve the extents whenever possible:
2
Method 2: Atomic Balances
We perform N, O, and H balances to determine the outlet amounts:
Method 3: Molecular Balances

We perform balances on O2, NO, H2O, and NH3. The general molecular balance is:
Performing molecular balances:
3
PROBLEM 2
Formaldehyde (CH2O) is produced industrially by the catalytic oxidation of methanol (CH3OH) according to the following reaction:
Unfortunately, under conditions used to produce formaldehyde at a profitable rate, a significant portion of the formaldehyde reacts with
oxygen to produce CO and H2O:
One hundred moles of methanol and twice the stoichiometric amount of air is fed into the reactor. If the conversion of methanol is 90%,
and the yield of formaldehyde is 75%, determine the composition of the product gas leaving the reactor using: Atomic species balances
Extent of reaction, and Molecular Species Balance
Solution:
Diagram:
Basis: 100 mol CH3OH
The balanced reactions are:
The theoretical/stoichiometric amount of air is determined based on the stoichiometry of the desired reaction (first reaction). Computing
the amount of air fed:
From the additional information on the conversion of methanol:
From the additional information on the yield of formaldehyde (take note that the yield is based on the desired reaction):
Method 1: Atomic balances

We perform C, H, O, and N2 balances to determine the outlet amounts.
4
Method 2: Extent of Reaction
We write the extent equations for all species, and then solve the extents whenever possible:
Method 3: Molecular Species balances

We perform CH3OH, O2, N2, CH2O, CO, and H2O balances to determine the outlet amounts. Note that our balance equation here
includes the generation and consumption terms considering BOTH reactions. I will show the balances for methanol and formaldehyde. The
generation and consumption terms here will be used for the rest of the species-balances. Just be careful which term is to be related with
the stoichiometric ratio for the respective species participating in their respective reaction.
For CH3OH:
𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻𝑖𝑛 + 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻𝑔𝑒𝑛,𝑟𝑥𝑛1 = 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠,𝑟𝑥𝑛1
100 + 0 = 10 + 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠,𝑟𝑥𝑛1
5
𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠,𝑟𝑥𝑛1 = 90𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 1
This 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠,𝑟𝑥𝑛1 will be used to relate all stochiometric ratios using reaction 1.
For CH2O:
𝐶𝐻2 𝑂𝑖𝑛 + 𝐶𝐻2 𝑂𝑔𝑒𝑛,𝑟𝑥𝑛1 + 𝐶𝐻2 𝑂𝑔𝑒𝑛,𝑟𝑥𝑛2 = 𝐶𝐻2 𝑂𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝐶𝐻2 𝑂𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠,𝑟𝑥𝑛1 + 𝐶𝐻2 𝑂𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠,𝑟𝑥𝑛2
0 + 𝐶𝐻2 𝑂𝑔𝑒𝑛,𝑟𝑥𝑛1 + 0 = 75 + 0 + 𝐶𝐻2 𝑂𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠,𝑟𝑥𝑛2
1𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝐶𝐻2 𝑂
𝐶𝐻2 𝑂𝑔𝑒𝑛,𝑟𝑥𝑛1 = 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠,𝑟𝑥𝑛1 ( )
1𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻
0 + 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠,𝑟𝑥𝑛1 ( ) + 0 = 75 + 0 + 𝐶𝐻2 𝑂𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠,𝑟𝑥𝑛2
0 + 90𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻 ( ) + 0 = 75 + 0 + 𝐶𝐻2 𝑂𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠,𝑟𝑥𝑛2
𝐶𝐻2 𝑂𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠,𝑟𝑥𝑛2 = 15𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝐻2 𝑂 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 2
This 𝐶𝐻2 𝑂𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠,𝑟𝑥𝑛2 will be used to relate all stochiometric ratios using reaction 2.
For CO:
𝐶𝑂𝑖𝑛 + 𝐶𝑂𝑔𝑒𝑛,𝑟𝑥𝑛2 = 𝐶𝑂𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝐶𝑂𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠,𝑟𝑥𝑛2
0 + 𝐶𝑂𝑔𝑒𝑛,𝑟𝑥𝑛2 = 𝐶𝑂𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 0
1𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑂 𝑔𝑒𝑛
𝐶𝐻2 𝑂𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠,𝑟𝑥𝑛2 ( ) = 𝐶𝑂𝑜𝑢𝑡
1𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝐻2 𝑂 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠
1𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑂 𝑔𝑒𝑛
15 ( ) = 𝐶𝑂𝑜𝑢𝑡
1𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝐻2 𝑂 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠
𝐶𝑂𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 15𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑂
For O2:
𝑂2 𝑖𝑛 + 𝑂2𝑔𝑒𝑛,𝑟𝑥𝑛1 + 𝑂2𝑔𝑒𝑛,𝑟𝑥𝑛2 = 𝑂2 𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑂2 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠,𝑟𝑥𝑛1 + 𝑂2 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠,𝑟𝑥𝑛2
100 + 0 + 0 = 𝑂2 𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑂2 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠,𝑟𝑥𝑛1 + 𝑂2 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠,𝑟𝑥𝑛2
1 1
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑂2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑂2
100 + 0 + 0 = 𝑂2 𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠,𝑟𝑥𝑛1 ( 2 ) + 𝐶𝐻2 𝑂𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠,𝑟𝑥𝑛2 ( 2 )
1𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻 1𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝐻2 𝑂 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠
90 15
100 = 𝑂2 𝑜𝑢𝑡 + +
2 2
𝑂2 𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 47.5 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2
For H2O:
𝐻2 𝑂𝑖𝑛 + 𝐻2 𝑂𝑔𝑒𝑛,𝑟𝑥𝑛1 + 𝐻2 𝑂𝑔𝑒𝑛,𝑟𝑥𝑛2 = 𝐻2 𝑂𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝐻2 𝑂𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠,𝑟𝑥𝑛1 + 𝐻2 𝑂𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠,𝑟𝑥𝑛2
0 + 𝐻2 𝑂𝑔𝑒𝑛,𝑟𝑥𝑛1 + 𝐻2 𝑂𝑔𝑒𝑛,𝑟𝑥𝑛2 = 𝐻2 𝑂𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 0 + 0
1𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝐻2 𝑂 1𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝐻2 𝑂
0 + 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠,𝑟𝑥𝑛1 ( ) + 𝐶𝐻2 𝑂𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠,𝑟𝑥𝑛2 ( ) = 𝐻2 𝑂𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 0 + 0
1𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻 1𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝐻2 𝑂 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠
90(1) + 15(1) = 𝐻2 𝑂𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝐻2 𝑂𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 105𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
For N2:
𝑁2 𝑖𝑛 = 𝑁2 𝑜𝑢𝑡
79𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁2
476.190𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑎𝑖𝑟 ( ) = 𝑁2 𝑜𝑢𝑡
100𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑎𝑖𝑟
𝑁2 𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 376.190𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁2
The composition of the product gas leaving the reactor is:

Comp Mol Mol%
CH3OH
O2
N2
CH2O
CO
H2O 16.7014%
Total 100.0000%
6
PROBLEM 3
Ethylene oxide is produced in a catalytic steady flow reactor. A feed consisting of 70% C2H4 and 30% O2 (mole percent) is fed into the
reactor at a rate of 100 mol/s. The following chemical reactions take place in the reactor:
An analysis of the exit stream indicates that its composition is 41.17% C2H4, 37.65% C2H4O, and 7.06% O2 (mole percent). Determine:
1. The limiting reactant
2. The conversion of the limiting reactant
3. The conversion of the excess reactant
4. The yield of ethylene oxide
5. The selectivity of ethylene oxide relative to CO
Solution:
Diagram
Basis: 1 second
Method 1: Atomic Balance
Since there are 4 unknowns but only 3 equations, we still need one more equation. We use the physical constraint on stream P:
7
The four equations are:
Solving simultaneously:
Method 2: Extent of Reactions
The balanced reactions for this problem and their corresponding deltas (or change in moles) are:
The extent equations (with the known values substituted) for the reaction system are:
We can obtain 4 equations with 4 unknowns from the previous set of extent equations. These are:
Solving all four equations simultaneously, we get:
8
The values for the amounts of CO, CO2, and H2O leaving the reactor are:
These values should be the same as with the atomic balances method.
To determine the limiting reactant, we use the stoichiometry from the main reaction (Reaction 1), which produces the desired product
ethylene oxide.
The limiting reactant is O2.
The conversion of limiting reactant is:
The conversion of the excess reactant is:
To compute for the yield, we need to identify the desired product and desired reaction first:
Computing for the yield:
The selectivity of ethylene oxide over CO is:
9
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Worksheet 8

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Worksheet 8

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ChemE 101 – Worksheet 8 Department of Chemical Engineering

1 st Semester AY 2022-2023 University of the Philippines Diliman

Name ChemE 101 Section

From additional information on conversion:

Method 1: Extent of Reaction

Method 3: Molecular Balances

Performing molecular balances:

The balanced reactions are:

From the additional information on the conversion of methanol:

Method 1: Atomic balances

Method 3: Molecular Species balances

The composition of the product gas leaving the reactor is:

Method 1: Atomic Balance

Method 2: Extent of Reactions

Solving all four equations simultaneously, we get:

The limiting reactant is O2.

The conversion of limiting reactant is:

The conversion of the excess reactant is:

Computing for the yield:

The selectivity of ethylene oxide over CO is:

You might also like