Class 11 Physical Education

UNIT - 1
Changing Trends &
Career in Physical
Education
Meaning of Physical Education
- Physical Education is a combination of two separate
words, Physical and Education.

- The first word is Physical which means related to

body or related to any one or all of the bodily
characteristics, that include physical strength, physical
endurance, physical fitness, physical appearance and
physical health.

- And, the second word is Education which means

preparation for life or systematic instruction and
training.
 Definition of Physical Education
Physical Education is the sum of those experiences which come to the
individual through movement.

–Delbert Oberteuffer
Physical Education is an integral part of the total educational process. It is a field of endeavor
that has as its aim the improvement of human performance through the medium of physical
activities that have been selected with a view to realizing this outcome.

– Charles A. Bucher
To sum up, Physical Education is a process of education which aims at
the holistic development of an individual by using physical activity or
body movement.
Aim of Physical Education
Physical Education is “Education through Movement”. It aims to
maximize our physical ability, leading us to be healthy,
knowledgeable, skillful, creative, productive and influential in all
walks of life.
Thus, the aim of Physical Education is the optimal and wholesome
development of the individual for complete living, as well as
optimum performance in sports competitions.

According to National Plan of Physical Education and Recreation, “The

aim of Physical Education must be to make every child physically,
mentally and emotionally fit and also to develop in him such personal
and social qualities as will help him to live happily with others and
build him up as a good citizen.
 Objectives
• Value Physical Education

Aim • Develop Interest in the Discipline

• Achieve Optimum Physical Fitness
& Health
Optimum and • Awareness of Movement
wholesome • Organic Development
development of • Neuro-muscular Co-ordination
• Emotional Development
individual for
• Social Development
complete living. As • Develop Motor Skills
well as optimum • Enjoyment and Satisfaction
performance in • Development of Evaluative Skills
sports competition. • Interpretive Development
• Moral & Character Building
• Remedial Values
• Optimum Sports Performance
• Effective Citizenship
 Objectives of Physical Education
1) Achieve Optimum Physical Fitness and Health :
 Physical Education Programmes should aim to develop an individual’s physical
fitness and to make her/him work to her/his optimal level of physical capacity.
 It also aims to develop healthy habits of sleep, exercise, food etc. for optimum
health.

2) Emotional Development:
 Physical Education helps develop emotional stability and teaches acceptance of
success and failure gracefully. These qualities are helpful throughout one’s
lifetime.
 Different situations occur on the sports field whereby individuals learn to control
emotions such as anger, pleasure, jealousy, fear, loneliness etc. This makes them
emotionally balanced.

3) Value of Physical education:

 The chief objective of Physical Education is to make individuals aware of and appreciate
the value of Physical Education and its contribution to a healthy and active lifestyle.
4) Develop interest in the disciplines :
 The focus of a well-designed Physical Education plan should be to
encourage a high level of interest and personal engagement in Physical
Education showing initiative, enthusiasm and commitment towards the
same.

5) Social Development:
 Physical Education leads to social development as it provides the
individual ample opportunities for social contact and group living
which help her/him to adjust in different situations and build
relationships.

6) Enjoyment and Satisfaction :

 A Physical Education Programme provides enjoyment and satisfaction
through physical activity.

7) Develop Motor Skills :

 The Physical Education Programme helps the individual develop
the motor skills necessary for successful participation in different
sports and a variety of other physical activities.
8) Development of Organ Systems :
 The objective of Physical Education Programme is to develop all
organ systems such as respiratory system, circulatory system,
digestive system, nervous system, and muscular system. This
leads to increased physical efficiency and capacity.

9) Neuro–muscular Coordination :
 The Physical Education Programme should be planned in such a
manner that it helps in maintaining a better relationship between the
nervous system and the muscular system
 This helps in developing control and balance among different body
parts.

10) Remedial Values :

 Physical Education Programme teaches safety habits where one
can learn about corrective exercises which will lead to safety
habits amongst individuals.
 Development of Physical Education- Post Independence
India progressed in all aspects after getting independence in 1947. In the field of Physical education
numerous schemes were introduced by Government of India.
India progressed in all aspects after getting independence in 1947. In the field of Physical education
numerous schemes were introduced by Government of India.

In 1950 Central Advisory Board of Physical Education was setup with a purpose to advise the
government regarding physical education issues. One of the important objective of the board was to
introduce Physical Education Subject as Compulsory subject at elementary , middle and senior
secondary level. To promote indigenous physical activities, Central Advisory Board of Physical
Education prepared National Plan of Physical Education and Recreation in 1956.

First Asian Games were held in 1951 at New Delhi which motivate Indian youth to participate in games
and sports at International level.

Then health minister of India Rajkumari Amrit Kaur introduce Coaching Scheme for games and sports in
1953. The purpose of the scheme to streamline coaching program in Indian, since there are no
professional coaching program running that time. As a result, National Institute of Sports (NIS) was
setup in 1961 at Moti Bagh, Patiala, Punjab to produce qualified coaches in different games and sports.

In 1954 All India Council of Sports came into existence with a purpose to liaison between Government and
National Sports Federations in order to assistant in financial matters. Under All India Council of Sports,
State Sports Council and District Sports Council were established.
After 10 years of Independence in 1957, Minister of Education & Culture, Government of India established
First College of Physical Education as Lakshmibai College of Physical Education (LCPE) at Gwalior,
Madhya Pradesh. In 1973, Lakshmibai College of Physical Education was renamed to Lakshmibai National
College of Physical Education (LNCPE). In 1995, LNCPE got status of “Deemed University” for central
government under the name of Lakshmibal National Institute of Physical Education (LNIPE).

In 1958 Ministry of Education, established Sports and Youth Welfare Department to promote Physical
Education in India. Ministry of Education sponsored National Physical Efficiency Drive to evaluate the
physical fitness status of peoples in India in 1959.

National Fitness Corps was established in 1965 with object to make youth physically strong. In 1970-71
Rural Sports tournament scheme was introduced by the government with purpose to involve rural youth
and spot natural talent in different sports. Sports Talent Search Scheme was launched to promote
sportspersons of state and National level in 1970-71. To enhance women participation in sports National
Sports championship was started in 1975.

In 1982, Asian Games were held in India which give huge boost in infrastructure and facilities related with
sports. In 1984 Sports Authority of India (SAI) was established under the Department of Sports to maintain
and proper utilization of sports infrastructure which was build for Asian Games. SAI has two objectives one
is to promote sports and achieve sports excellence at national and international level.

In 1987, Society for National Institutes of Physical Education and Sports (SNIPES) was merged with Sports
Authority of India (SAI) to promote and develop sports awareness among peoples. XIX Commonwealth
Games 2010 was conducted in New Delhi. In 2018 CBSE launched Physical Education as Compulsory subject
in class IX to XII as mainstreaming Health, Physical Education.
 Changing Trends in Sports – Playing Surface, Wearable
Gears and Sports Equipments, Technological Advancements

A. Playing Surface
 Different sports happen on different surfaces. Some give comfort
to the players whereas some lead to injury.
 Earlier games were played on natural plane surfaces like grassy which were difficult to be
maintained depending upon the weather and climate conditions, moreover, uniformity was
missing, these were not suitable for all games and caused lot of injuries.
 Today, each game or sport requires a specific type of surface which provide higher movement,
griping, easy to maintain, suitable for all weather and climate conditions, uniformed and
standardised surface, moreover causes less injuries.
 There are different kinds of surfaces on which we play sports e.g., natural grass, wooden
flooring, synthetic surface, turf, cemented etc. It should be safe, easily maintained, cleanable,
levelled as per rules of the game and environment friendly.
Some Common Types of Playing Surfaces
Cricket Pitch Wooden Floor

Synthetic Floor Turf

 B. Wearable Gears
Today each game or sport needs specific type of wearable gears or equipments
which help in preventing injuries, better performance, easy identifying, hi-tech
feedback etc. These are like :
Sports Clothing/Kit :
 It is specific for each game depending upon game to game and provide comfortable movement
along with safety as per rules of the game/sport.
 It is like Track-suit, Upper vest, Sports T-shirt, Lower, Short,
Legging, Slakes, Costume, Swim-suit, Vest, Jacket, etc.

Shoes and Footwears

 It is different for every game or sport and it is according to the surface to
provide good gripping over the surface as per rules of the game/ sport.
 The different footwears are - Jogger for running, Spikes shoes for track
running, Studs for football, Badminton shoes, Wrestling shoes, Boxing
shoes, High ankle basketball shoes, Volleyball shoes, Pitching shoes etc.
 Sports Guards :
 These equipments prevent us from specific area type of injury. It is also
different for every game or sport as per the games rules.
 Different Sports Guards are :
Helmet/Hat/Cap (prevents head injury, prevents
eyes, sunlight etc.);
Face guard (used in boxing, taekwondo etc.);

Abdominal guard (prevents groins area, used in

many contact and other games);
Thigh/Leg/Shin/Anklet guard (prevents thigh, leg,
ankle etc.);
Gloves (prevents fingers, hand and wrist injuries,
they are used in many games like cricket, hockey,
volleyball etc.).
 (c) Sports  Each game or sport requires specific types of equipments as
per the rules of the game/sport which are used by the
Equipment players while playing.
 It has standardized specification as per the game rules.
Different sports equipments are bat, ball & stumps in
Cricket; Stick and ball in hockey; basketball, volleyball,
handball; badminton racquet, shuttle cock in badminton;
tennis racquet and ball in tennis etc.

(d) Technological  These are the smart devices by which we can measure the
Advancements in distance covered, time, lap score, calories burned, heart rate,
breathing rate, pulse rate, blood pressure etc.
Sports
 Some smart devices are smart watches, mobile phone/smart
phone, video recording, tracking device, touch sensors, ball
throw machine etc.
Career Options in Physical Education :
Physical Education Teacher
Health Education Teacher

Sports Coordinator

Professional Coach

Sports Administrator

Event Manager of a Sports Club

Health and Fitness Club Manager

Sports Clothing and Equipment Designer

Yoga Trainer, Fitness Trainer

Physical Therapist, Dietician

 KHELO INDIA PROGRAMME
o The Khelo-India programme has been introduced to revive
the sports culture in India at the grass-root level by building
a strong framework for all sports played in our country and
establish India as a great sporting nation.
o The Government of India, under the Ministry of Youth Affair and Sports
(MYAS), launched first Khelo-India Programme in 2018, to maintain sports
culture in India, especially at the grass-roots level as well as to achieve
sporting excellence in the country.

o Playing sports inculcates team spirit, develops strategic and analytical

thinking, leadership skills, goal setting and risk taking. A fit and healthy
individual leads to an equally healthy society and strong nation.
Khelo-India organizes the following Sports Tournaments :
(a) Khelo-India School Games (U17)
(b) Khelo-India Youth Games (U19)
(c) Khelo-India Youth Games (U25)
(d) Khelo-India University Games

Khelo-India National School Games :

o The School Games Federation of India was formed in December 1954 in Mumbai. It
organises Sports and Games Competitions for boys and girls at the National level.

Khelo-India Youth Games :

o Khelo-India School Games (KISG) now known as Khelo-India Youth Games (KIYG) is a
national level multi-sports event held on annual basis under two categories i.e., Under 17
and Under 19 years for school going students and Under 21 years for college students

Khelo-India Inter-Universities Competition :

o Inter-Universities competitions are organised under the aegis of Association of Indian Universities
(AIU) every year in different sports which are approved by AIU.
o Here, sportspersons from the various universities of India participate and compete against each other.
Point to be
Noted :
The first Khelo-India School Games, which
are a part of the Khelo-India programme,
were held from 31st January to 8th
February 2018 in New Delhi; in which
Athletes of Under 17 age were invited to
participate across 16 disciplines, which are
as follows: Archery, Athletics, Badminton,
Basketball, Boxing, Football, Gymnastics,
Hockey, Judo, Kabaddi, Kho-Kho,
Shooting, Volleyball, Weightlifting, and
wrestling.
 Objectives of Khelo India
The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (MYAS), Government of India, sets the objectives of
Khelo-India as :
1) Play-field Development : To find the possible areas for development of standardized and safe Play-fields, these
sports infrastructure are provided funds for sports equipments, managing and maintaining playing fields.
2) Community Coaching Development : To provide sports coaching for community from experienced players, the
coaches are provided to train players in sports. Voluntary coaching is also provided from experienced players.
3) State Level Khelo-India Centre : To develop sports hub centre at state level,
it provides fund for sports centres of states and conducts various competition in them.
4) Annual Sports Competitions : To encourage and promote sports competitions for
players, its one of the objective is to conduct sports competitions at district, state
and National level by the concerned Association/Federation of all games.
5) Talent Search and Development : To search new, young and upcoming talent
in sports and provide training to them, the coaches and experts of Khelo-India search
new and talented players and reward them with scholarship (upto 5 lakh per annum for their training etc.).
6) Utilization and Upgradation of Sports Infrastructure : To upgrade and utilize the sports infrastructure for
sports development, it provides funds to the concerned authorities to raise their infrastructural developments.
7) Support National/ State/ Regional Sports Academies : Provides financial, technical and developmental
support to National/ State/ Regional sports academies for sports promotions.
  Fit-India Programme started on 29 Aug. 2019 by
Fit India honorable Prime Minister Sh. Narendra Modi.

Programme  It was started with a vision to make Physical

fitness a way of life.
 Fit-India programme aims at behavioral changes
–from sedentary lifestyle to physically active way
of day-to-day living.
 Fit-India programme helps to make fitness an
integral part of our daily lives.
 The mission of the programme is to bring
about behavioural changes and moves towards a
more physically active lifestyle.
 To achieve this mission, Fit-
India undertake various initiatives and conduct
many events.
 Objectives of FIT –
India Programme

It promotes fitness as easy, fun and free

environment.
It spreads awareness on fitness and various physical
activities that promotes fitness through focused campaigns

It encourages indigenous sports

It makes fitness reachable to every school, college/university,
panchayat / village, etc.

It creates a platform for citizens of India to share information,

drive awareness and encourage sharing of personal fitness
stories