Class 12(CBSE) Chemistry

Chapter 1: Solutions (CH-1)

Question Bank with Answers 2023-24

Note-.

Section-1. Objective type Questions(1 mark)

Section-2. Very Short Answer type (2 marks)

Section-3. Short Answer type (3 marks)

Objective type Questions

Q.1 At a given temperature, osmotic pressure of a concentrated solution of a

substance _____________.

(a) is higher than that at a dilute solution.

(b) is lower than that of a dilute solution.
(c) is same as that of a dilute solution.
(d) cannot be compared with osmotic pressure of dilute solution.

Answer – (a) Explanation-

As we know that, the osmotic pressure is directly proportional to the concentration of a solution, hence
At a given temperature, osmotic pressure of a concentrated solution of aSubstance is higher than that at
a dilute solution.

Q.2 Which of the following solutions shows positive deviation from Raoult’s law?
(a) Acetone + Aniline
(b) Acetone + Ethanol
(c) Water + Nitric acid
(d) Chloroform + Benzene

Answer – (b) Explanation-

Because, pure ethanol has hydrogen bonds and after mixing acetone which is a non polar compound,
hydrogen bond of alcohol breaks and more vapour generate. Which cause positive deviation.
Q.3 Value of Henry’s constant KH _.
(a) increases with increase in temperature.
(b) decreases with increase in temperature.
(c) remains constant.
(d) first increases then decreases.

Answer – (a)

Q.4 If 4 gm of NaOH is present is 200 ml of its solution, its molarity will be

(a) 0.25
(b) 0.5
(c) 5
(d) 10

Answer – (b) 0.5

Q.5 Which of the following law shows the relationship between solubility of a gas in liquid and
pressure-
(a) Raoult’s law
(b) Henry’s law.
(c) Lowering of vapour pressure
(d) Van’t Hoff law

Answer – (b) Henry’s law.

Q.6Assertion : When KCl is added to water a depression in freezing point is observed.

Reason : Depression in the freezing point occurs due to the lowering of vapour pressure of a solution.

(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

Answer – (a)

Q.7Match the following-

(a) Atmospheric pollution is measured in (i) Solid in gas solution

(b) Raoult’s law. (ii) semipermeable membrane
(c) camphor in N2 gas (iii) ppm
(d) cellulose acetate (iv) Ideal Solution

Answer –

(a) (iii)
(b) (iv)
(c) (i)
(d) (ii)

Q.8Fill in the blanks-

(a)Out of molality (m), molarity (M), and normality (N), ……………..is independent of temperature.
(b) The neutral substances has the PH value of …….
(c) 1 m H2SO4 solution contains………gm of it per Kg of solvent.
(d) out of mole fraction, molarity and normality………….. is more useful in relating concentration of
solution with its vapour pressure.

Answer –

(a) molality
(b) 7
(c) 98 g
(d) mole fraction

Q.9 Answer in one word/ one sentence

(a) Write one example of Solid in gas solution.

(b) Write the formula of molality.
(c) Write the mathematical expression of Raoult’s law.
(d) Molar Mass of Urea (NH2CONH2).

Answer –

(a) Camphor vapours in N2 gas, smoke.

(b) Molality =
(c) P = XP0

(d) 60 g mol-1
 Very Short Answer type questions

Q.10. Explainthe term homogenous mixtures.

Ans-A homogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the composition and properties both are uniform
throughout the mixture.The salt water described above is homogeneous because the dissolved salt is
evenly distributed throughout the entire salt water sample.

Q.11. Why is salt sprinkled to clear the snow covered roads in hills?

Ans- Salt is sprinkled to clear the snow covered roads in hills because, when the salt is mixed with
snow, it melts starts melting due to depression in freezing point.

Q.12. The number of moles of the solute present in 1 dm3 volume of the solution is known as....
(a) molarity
(b) molality
(c)normality
(d) formality

Ans- (a) molarity

Q.13. Give one example of each type of mixture.

(a) liquid in gas (b) Gas in Solid (c) Solid in gas

Ans-

Liquid in gas- Vapour, Fog

Gas in solid- Hydrogen in Pd.
Solid in gas- Smoke
Q.14. 92 g of ethyl alcohol is dissolved in 90 g of water. Calculate the mole fraction of water in
solution.

Ans- Mass of ethyl alcohol. = 92 g

Molar mass of ethyl alcohol = 46 g

Moles of ethyl alcohol = 92 g / 46 g = 2 moles

Mass of water. = 90 g
Molar mass of water = 18 g

Moles of water = 90 g / 18 g = 5 moles

Mole fraction of water. = 5/ 5+2 = 0.7

Q.15.Express the Relation between Normality and Molarity.

Ans- Relation between Normality and Molarity

Normality = n × Molarity

N = n × M (where n is an integer, Called as Vacancy factor)

Q.16. Which solution is more concentrated 1M or 1m?

Ans- 1M Solution is more concentrated because, In 1M solution ,1 mole of solute is dissolved in less
than 1000 g of solvent.

Q.17. What are the Isotonic Solutions?

Ans- Two solutions having same salt concentration are called as isoticsolutions.If these two solutions
are separated by a semipermeable membrane, water will flow in equal parts out of each solution and
into the other.

Q.18.What are the effects of temperature in solubility?

Ans- Effect of temperature:

(i) If, the process is endothermic ( solH> 0), the solubility increases with rise in temperature.

solH< 0), the solubility decreases with rise in temperature.

Q.19.What is Henry's Law?

Ans- According to Henry’s law states that “the partial pressure of the gas in vapour phase (p) is
proportional to the mole fraction of the gas (x) in the solution”.
p = KH x

where,
KHis the Henry’s law constant and is different for different gases at a particular temperature. Higher
the value of KH at a given pressure, the lower is the solubility of the gas in the liquid.

Short answer type questions

Q.20. State Raoult's Law for a non-volatile solute in a single volatile solvent and its limitations?
Ans –According to Raoult’s law the vapour pressure of a solution of a non-volatile solute is equal to
the vapour pressure of the pure solvent at that temperature multiplied by its mole fraction.
P = P0Χ

Where,
P = Vapour pressure of a solution
P0 = Vapour pressure of pure solvent
X = mole fraction of solvent

Limitations-

(i) Raoult’s law is only applicable for very dilute solutions.

(ii) Raoult's law is applicable to solutions containing non-volatile solute only.
(iii) Raoult's law is not applicable to solutes which dissociate or associate in the particular solution.

Q.21. A solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol–1) in water is labelled as 10% (by mass). What
would be the molarity and molality of the solution? (Density of solution = 1.2 g mL–1)

Ans- Mass of solution of glucose = 100 g

Mass of solute WB = 10 g, Molar mass of solute MB
= 180 g Mass of solvent WA = 100 g- 10 g = 90 g,
We know that,
Density = Mass / Volume
Hence,
Volume of solution = Mass / Density = 100 g/ 1.2 g mL–1

(i) Molarity =

= 0.66 mol L–1

(ii) Molality =

= 0.62 mol kg–1

Q.22. Explain elevation in boiling point.

Ans- Boiling point of a solution containing a non –volatile solute is always higher than the boiling
point of the pure solvent. This increase in boiling point is termed as elevation in boiling point.
If Boiling point of pure solvent = T1

Boiling point of Pure Solution = T2

Elevation in boiling point = T2 – T1 = Tb = Kb X m

Tb = Kb X

Q.23. Write the relationship between relative lowering of vapour pressure and mole fraction of solute?

Ans- According to Raoult's law, According to Raoult’s law the vapour pressure of a solution of a non-
volatile solute is equal to the vapour pressure of the pure solvent at that temperature multiplied by its
mole fraction.
 P = P0ΧA
Where,
P = Vapour pressure of a solution
P0 = Vapour pressure of pure solvent
ΧA = mole fraction of solvent

We know that,

ΧA +ΧB =1

ΧA =1- ΧB

Where ΧA is the mole fraction of solvent and ΧB is the mole fraction of solute.

From above equation, we get

P = P0(1- ΧB )

P = P0- P0ΧB

P- P0 = P0ΧB

(P- P0) / P0 = ΧB

Where (P- P0) / P0 is the relative lowering in vapour pressure.

Q.24. Non-ideal solutions exhibit either positive or negative deviations from Raoult’s law. What are
these deviations ? Explain with one example for each type.

Ans- Non- ideal Solutions-

The solutions that do not obey Raoult's law are known as non-ideal solutions. Non-ideal solutions
exhibit either positive or negative deviations from Raoult’s law.

1. Non-ideal solutions exhibit negative deviations from Raoult’s law-

When, the partial vapour pressure of each component and total vapour pressure of the solution is less
than expected from Raoult’s law. Such solutions show negative deviation.
Example : Mixture of CHCl3 and acetone.
2. Non-ideal solutions exhibit positive deviations from Raoult’s law-

When, the partial vapour pressure of each component and total vapour pressure of the solution is more
than expected from Raoult’s law. Such solutions show Positive deviation.
Example : Mixture of acetone and benzene.

Q.25.Differentiate between molarity and molality of a solution.

Ans- Molarity : It is the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 litre of solution. It is temperature
dependent.

Molarity =
Molality : It is the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 kg of the solvent. It is temperature
independent.

Molality =

The relationship between molarity and molality

Molarity (M) and Molality (m) relationship :

∵ Molarity is M moles of solute present in 1000 mL solution
If density of solution is d g mL-1, then
Mass of solution = 1000 d g
Mass of solute = MM2
(M2 is molar mass of solute)
∴ Mass of solvent = 1000 d – MM2 g

Q.26.State Henry’s law and mention two of its important applications.

Ans- According to Henry’s law “The partial pressure of the gas in vapour phase is proportional to the
mole fraction of the gas in the solution “,

p = KH X
Where, KHis the Henry’s law constant

Applications of Henry’s law :

(i) To increase the solubility of CO2 in soft drinks and soda water, the bottle is sealed under high
pressure.

(ii)To avoid a dangerous medical condition called bends, scuba divers use oxygen diluted with less
soluble helium gas.

Q.27. Define osmotic pressure of a solution. How is the osmotic pressure related to the concentration
of a solute in a solution?

Ans- Osmotic pressure : It is the external pressure that needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the
entry of the solvent through semi-permeable membrane.It is represented by symbol (π).

According to the Boyle-van’t Hoff Law, the osmotic pressure (π) of a dilute solution is directly
proportional to its concentration at constant temperature.

π ∝ C (At constant temperature)

π ∝ CT (At constant concentration)
π = CRT (R = Solution constant)

π=

Q.28.Define the term Colligative properties.

Ans- All the properties of a solution which depend on the number of solute particles irrespective of the
nature of solute are called as colligative properties.

There are four types of colligative properties.

Relative lowering in vapour pressure

Elevation in boiling point
Depression in freezing point
Osmotic pressure.
1.Relative lowering in vapour pressure- the relative lowering of vapor pressure of a solution having
non-volatile solutes is equal to the mole fraction of the solute.
2. Elevation in boiling point - The increase in the boiling point of a solvent upon the addition of a
solute is called as elevation in boiling point.

3.Depression in freezing point - The freezing point of the solvent in a solution will be less than the
freezing point of the pure solvent whether the solution contains a non-volatile solute.

4. Osmotic pressure - It is the external pressure that needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the
entry of the solvent through semi-permeable membrane.It is represented by symbol (π).

Q.29 Case Study Question: Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:

The properties of the solutions which depend only on the number of solute particles but not on the
nature of the solute are called colligative properties. Relative lowering in vapour pressure is also an
example of colligative properties. For an experiment, sugar solution is prepared for which lowering in
vapour pressure was found to be 0.061 mm of Hg. (Vapour pressure of water at 200C is 17.5 mm of
Hg)

The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:

(i) Relative lowering of vapour pressure for the given solution is

(a) 0.00348
(b) 0.061
(c) 0.122
(d) 1.75

(ii) The vapour pressure (mm of Hg) of solution will be

(a) 17.5
(b) 0.61
(c) 17.439
(d) 0.00348

(iii) Mole fraction of sugar in the solution is

(a) 0.00348
(b) 0.9965
(c) 0.061
(d) 1.75
(iv) The vapour pressure (mm of Hg) of water at 293K when 25g of glucose is dissolved in 450 g of
water is
(a) 17.2
(b) 17.4
(c) 17.120
(d) 17.02

Answer

(i) a
relative lowering of vapor pressure = (p₀ - p)/p₀ = 0.061/17.5 ≈ 0.00345

(ii) c
(iii) a
(iv) b
Q.30. Differentiate between Ideal and Non ideal Solutions.

Ans-

Ideal Solution Non- Ideal solution

1.They do no obey
1. They obey Raoult’s law over the Raoult’s law over the
enitre range of concentration. entire range of
concentration

2.Heat is evolved or
2.Neither the heat is evolved or
absorbed during
absorbed during dissolution
dissolution

3. Δmix H is not equal to

3.Δmix H = 0
0.
Δmix V = 0
ΔmixV is not equal to 0.
 4.

(i) Positive deviation –

1. Examples:
Acetone +ethanol

Acetone +CS2:
benzene + toluene:
(ii) Negative deviation-
n-hexane + n-heptane;
Acetone + aniline;

Acetone + chloroform;

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