Sample Problems and GUFSA Method (Modules 15-20)

Module 15

1. Determine the gravitational force between a 60 kg and 70 kg person who are both standing
2.0 m apart. 1. Substitute the given to the given formula and copy the
SI units.
Given: m = 60 kg ; m = 70 kg ; r = 2.0 m 2. Multiply the 2 masses and gravitational constant.
1 2
(Cancel out if there is the same SI unit)
Unknown: F = ?
g 2. Divide the numbers and round off up to 2 decimal
G m1 m2 places. (if possible)
Formula: F g= 2
r
−11 2 2
(6.67 ×10 N∗m /kg )(60 kg)(70 kg ) 28 , 014 ×10−11 N∗m2
Solution: F g= 2
= 2
=7.0 ×10−8 N
(2.0 m) 4m
-8
Answer: F = 7.0 × 10 N
g

2. A saleslady, whose mass is 52 kg, is doing a product demonstration in front of costumers. She
-8
exerts a gravitational force of 7.45 × 10 N on a 57 kg woman who is standing in the front row.
How far is the woman from the saleslady?
-8
Given: m1 = 52 kg ; m2 = 57 kg ; Fg = 7.45 × 10 N
Unknown: r = ?

Formula: r =

Solution:
√
G m1 m2
Fg

√ √
2 2
N∗m N∗m
(6.67 ×10−11 )(52kg )(57 kg) (6.67 ×10−11 )(2964 kg 2)

√
2 2 −7
kg kg 1.97 × 10 m2
r= = = = √ 2.64 m2=1.62
7.45× 10−8 N 7.45 ×10−8 N 7.45 × 10−8
Answer: r = 1.62 m

Derivation of formula for calculating the distance of an object

G m1 m2
 F g= 2 Write the original formula for universal gravitational force.
r

2
 G m1 m2=F g r Cross-multiply the formula for both sides.

2
Gm1 m2 F g r
 = Divide Fg on both side and cancel out Fg at the right
Fg Fg
equation to get the r2.

2 G m1 m2
 r= Rewrite the formula for r2.
Fg

 √ r 2=
√ Gm1 m2
Fg
Take out the square root/radical sign (√ ❑ ¿ on both sides

to cancel out r2 and radical sign.

 r=
√ G m1 m2
Fg
Write the equation for distance of an object.
Module 16

1. Calculate the period of Mars, whose orbit has a semi-major axis of 1.52 AU.
Given: a = 1.52 AU
1. Substitute the given to the given formula
Unknown: T = ? and copy the SI units.
Formula: T =√ k a 3
2. Cancel out the same units and multiply

√(
the values.
)
2
1y
Solution: T = ( 1.52 AU ) 3=√ 3.51 y 2=1.87 y 3. Multiply the (1.52 AU)3 to itself 3X.
AU 3 3. Take the square root of the product,
Answer: T = 1.87 y cancel out the radical sign and the (y2), and
round off up to 2 decimal places. (if
possible)
Derivation of formula for calculating the period of an orbit

 T2 = ka3 Write the original formula for orbital period.

 √ T 2 = √ k a3 Take out the square root/radical sign (√ ❑ ¿ on both sides

to cancel out T2 and radical sign.

 T = √ k a3 Write the equation for orbital period.

2. Calculate the length a of the semi major axis of a planet whose period is 165 years.
Given: T = 165 y
Unknown: a = ?

Formula: a=
√
3 T2
k

Solution: a=
√
(165 y )2
3

1 y 2/ AU 3
Answer: a = 30.08 AU
=
√
3 27,225 y 2
1 y 2/ AU 3
=√ 27,225 AU 3=¿ 30.08 AU
3

Derivation of formula for calculating the length of the semi-major axis

 T2 = ka3 Write the original formula for orbital period.

2 3
T ka
 = Cross-multiply the formula for both sides. Divide k on
k k
both side and cancel out k at the right equation to
get the a3 .

2
3 T
 a= Rewrite the formula for a3.
k

√
2
 √3 a3 = 3 Tk Take out the cube root/radical sign ( √3 ❑ ¿ on both sides
to cancel out a3 and radical sign.

 a=3T2
k √
3
Write the equation for length of the semimajor axis.
Module 17

See PPT and VL for details

Module 18

1. If a dog whistle has a frequency of 30, 000 Hz, what is the wavelength of the sound emitted?
(Approximate speed of sound = 340 m/s)

Given: f = 30,000 Hz (30,000/s) ; v = 340 m/s

Unknown: ʎ = ?
v
Formula: λ=
f
340 m/s
Solution: λ= =0.01 m
30,000/s
Answer: λ=0.01 m

2. One end of a horizontal rope 12.0 m long is moved up and down seven times per second with
a maximum displacement of 60 mm on each side of its equilibrium position. The rope has a
mass of 1.00 kg and is under a tension of 40 N. Find the amplitude, speed, frequency, and
wavelength of the resulting waves.
Given: FT = 40 N ; L = 12 m ; m = 1 kg ; T = 7 cycle/s
Unknown: a. A = ? ; b. v = ? ; c. f = ? d. 𝜆 = ?
Formula: ¿
Solution:
√ FT f = 1
m/ L
;
T

a. The amplitude (A) is 0.06 m.

√ √
40 N 40 kg∗m/s 2
b. v = 1 kg =
12 m
1 kg
12 m
√
=
40 m 2/s 2
0.08333333333
= √ 480 m 2/s 2 = 21.91 m/s

c. f = 7 Hz
21.91 m/ s
d. 𝜆 = = 3.13 m
7 cycles/ s
3. A traveling wave has a frequency of 3 cycles/sec, find its speed if the wavelength is known to
be 0.75 m. What is its period?

Given: f = 3 cycles/sec ; ʎ = 0.75 m

Unknown: a. v = ? ; b. T = ?
1
Formula: a. v = 𝜆ƒ ; b. T =
f
Solution:
a. v = (0.75 m)(3 cycles/s) = 2.25 m/s
1
b. T = =0.33 s
3s

Module 19

1. The bulk modulus of the water is 2000×10 -6 N/m2. Calculate the speed of sound
(compressional waves) in water. (= 1000 kg/m3)

Given: Y = 2000×10-6 N/m2 ; = 1000 kg/m3

Unknown: v = ?
Formula: v=
√Y
ρ
Solution: v=
√2000 ×10−6 N /m2
1000 kg /m
Answer: 1.41 ×10−3 m/s
3
= √ 2 ×106 m2 /s 2=1.41 ×10−3 m/s

2. A whisper has an intensity level of about 15 dB. What is the corresponding intensity of the
sound?

Given: β = 15 dB ; Io = 1×10-12 W/m2

Unknown: I = ?
Formula: I = 10x Io
Solution: I = (101.5)( 1×10-12 W/m2) = 3.16×10-11 W/m2

Module 20

1. A sound source with a frequency of 790Hz moves away from a stationary observer at a rate
of 15m/s. What frequency does the observer hear? The speed of sound is 340m/s.

Given: fs = 790 Hz ; vs = 15 m/s ; v = 340 m/s ; vo = 0

Unknown: fo = ?
v
Formula: f o=
v + vs

( ) ( )
m m
340 340
s s
Solution: f o=790 Hz =790 Hz =790 Hz ( 0.95 … )=756.62 Hz
m 15 m m
340 + 355
s s s
Answer: 756.62 Hz

2. A fire truck uses a siren with a frequency of 1000 Hz and is moving at 45 m/s towards a
jogger. The jogger is moving at 5 m/s toward the fire truck. The speed of sound in air is 345 m/s.
At what frequency does the jogger perceive the siren?

Given: fs = 1000 Hz (1000/s) ; vo = 5 m/s ; vs = 45 m/s ; v = 345 m/s

Unknown: fo = ?

Formula: f o=f s ( )
v + vo
v−v s

( ) ( )
m m m
+5
345 350
s s s
Solution: f o=1000 Hz =1000 Hz =1000 Hz ( 1.16 … ) =1166.67 Hz
m m m
345 −45 300
s s s
Answer: 1166.67 Hz