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210 2009 Reff2020
210 2009 Reff2020
210 2009 Reff2020
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IS 210: 2009
(Superseding IS 6331 : 1987)
(Reaffirmed2014)
(Reaffirmed
2020)
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Indian Standard
GREY IRON CASTINGS- SPECIFICATION
( Fifth Revision)
ICS 77.080. !O
0 BIS 2009
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Fifth Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized
by the Pig Iron and Cast Iron Sectional Committee had been approved by the Metallurgical Engineering
Division Council.
This standard was first published in I 950 and subsequently revised in 1962, 1970, 1978 and 1993. The Pig Iron
and Cast Iron Sectional Committee decided to revise IS 210 by merging it with IS 6331 : 1987. After publication
of this standard, IS 6331 : 1987 will be withdrawn.
The various diameters of test bars according to the section size of the castings have been replaced by a
single size of test bar. Guidelines on the effect of section size of the casting on the tensile strength are,
however, given in Annex A. A comparison between grades is given in Annex B.
The production of castings in the higher grades of grey cast iron often involves special techniques. It is
recommended, therefore, that for either large or intricate castings or a casting involving both these conditions,
or where the castings have to withstand exceptional conditions, the grade of grey cast iron selected and any
heat treatment involved should be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. The higher grades of
grey cast iron (that is, Grades FG 300, FG 350 and FG 400) present special difficulties for section IO mm and
thinner.
For the benefit of the purchaser, typical properties of grey cast iron have been added in Annex C.
Information to be supplied by the purchaser while ordering grey iron castings according to this specification
is given in Annex D.
In the formulation of this standard assistance has been derived from ISO 185 : 2005 'Grey cast irons -
Classification', issued by the International Organization for Standardization.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value,
observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS 2 : I 960 'Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)'. The number of significant places retained in
the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
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IS 210: 2009
Indian Standard
GREY IRON CASTINGS - SPECIFICATION
( Fifth Revision)
IS 2IO: 2009
are poured . Moulds for the test bars shall be
9.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the graphite structure
approximately at room temperature when poured.
shall be primarily Distribution A in accordance with
More than one test bar may be cast in a single mould.
IS 7754. but each bar in the mould shall be surrounded by a
10 FREEDOM FROM DEFECTS thickness of sand which is not less than the diameter
of the bar.
I0.1 The castings shall be sound. clean and free
from porosity. blow holes, hard spots. cracks, hot 12 FREQUENCY OF TESTING
tears, coldshuts, distortion, sand and slag inclusions
12.1 The number of tests required for each melt or
and other harmful defects . They shall be well-
dressed and fettled, and shall be readily machinable. batch of castings shall be as laid down in Table I,
various classes of castings being divided into five
I0.2 No welding or repairs shall be carried out representative groups according to mass .
without the prior permission of the purchaser.
Welding referred to here includes fusion welding in 12.2 In the case of large tonnage of castings being
accordance with the common foundry practice. The produced continuously, the min imum number oftest
method of repair by welding (see IS 5139) and bars to be provided shall be one tensile test
subsequent stress-relieving shall be as agreed to representing every two hours of production from
between the purchaser and the manufacturer. melting furnace .
11. 1 All test bars shall be cast separately in sand A test bar from which the tensile test piece is
moulds and the number oftest bars required shall be machined shall be cast as a uniform cylindrical bar of
as specified in 11.2. They shall be cast at the same 30 mm diameter. The tolerance on the diameter shall
time and from the same melt as the castings they l
be + mm. The minimum length of the test bar shall
represent. be230mm.
11.2 The test bar material shall be id::-ntifiable with 14 TENSILE TEST
that of the castings represented.
The tensile test shall be carried out in accordance
11.3 When castings are subjected to heat treatment, with IS 1608, using a test piece conforming to the
the test bars shall be heat-treated together with the dimensions in Fig. I read with Table 2 . The test piece
castings they represent. shall be accurately machined, with a good surface
11.4 The test bars shall be cast in dried, baked or finish . The transition between the ends and the
chemically bonded moulds made ma inly of an parallel length shall be smooth, without undercutting
aggregate of siliceous sand with appropriate binders. or a sudden step down in diameter.
The average grain size of the sand shall be NOTE - Self-aligning grips are recommended to ensure
approximate to that of the sand in which the castings axial loading.
Table I NumberofTests
(Clause 12. 1)
2
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IS2I0:2009
Ls (SCREWED)
,. , cpO r ·t
Ls(SCREWEO)
dl E:-E~ ~ t! E- 13 -~ J:E}
L LP .I ~~~LE·!~ LP .t
FIG . I MACHINED TENSILE T!:ST PIECF
16.1 The Brinell hardness test shall be carried out in lfrequired, the transverse test may be carried out by
the manufacturer in accordance with the method
Table 3 Mechanical Test Requirements
given in Annex E. The minimum test requirements
(Clauses 15 and 16.1)
shall be agreed upon at the time of enquiry and order.
Gndt Tt11silt Strength Brinell
(su IS 4843) Min Hardarss 18 HYDROSTATIC TEST
MP• (N/mm1) HBW
If specified at the time of enquiry and order the
(I) (2) ())
castings may be tested for the hydrostatic test
FG 150 150 130 to 180 pressure. The requirements for the test pressure shall
FG 200 200 160 10 220 be mutually agreed to between the purchaser and
FG 220 220 180 10 220 the manufacturer.
FG 260 260 180 to 230
19 RETESTS
FG 300 300 18010230
FG 350 350 207 to 241 19.1 If on being tested any test piece shows obvious
FG 400 400 207 to 270 signs of a casting defect. the results of the test may
be discarded and a further test be made.
NOTE - Although mechanical properties are specified for
Grade FG 150 the material shall be only tested if required b~ 19.2 If any sound test piece fails, two further tests
the purchaser.
shall be made. should either of these test pieces fail.
3
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ISllO: 2009
ANNEXA
(Foreword, and Clause 19.3)
APPROXIMATE VARIATION OF STRENGTH
A-1 The Indian Standard grades of grey cast iron flat plate of similar section thickness.
are based on the minimum tensile strength obtained
when metal is cast into test bars of 30 mm diameter. A-2 Figure 2 gives a guide to the likely variation in
The strength developed by a given metal shall vary tensile strength in different sections when a given
with the cooling rate in the mould higher strengths grade of grey iron is cast into a casting of simple
shape and uniform thickness or containing cored
being obtained if the same metal is cast into smaller
holed where the cooling rate in the mould of a given
bars than 30 mm diameter and lower strengths if the
section shall differ from that in a casting of sample
metal is cast into bars larger than 30 mm diameter.
shape and uniform thickness, the diagram provides
Similarly, the cooling rate of a flat plate is slower
only an approximate guide to the likely tensile
than that of a bar whose diameter is equal to the
strength in different sections and design should be
thickness of the plate so that the strength developed
based on the measured tensile strength in critical
in the plate will be lower than that developed in the
parts of the casting.
bar.
A-2.1 Table 4 gives guidance to the likely variation
A-I.I The cooling rate ofa casting in a mould (hence
in tensile strength for different casting section
the strength developed in any particular section
thicknesses when a given grade of grey cast iron is
thickness by the metal employed for its manufacture)
cast into a casting of simple shape and uniform
is influenced also by the presence of cores, changes
thickness. For casting of non-uniform section or
in section thickness, the pressure of bosses
castings containing cored holes, the table provi~es
projection and intersection, SijCh as the junctions of
only an approximate guide to the likely ten~ile
ribs and bosses. Thus, in castings of other than strength in different sections, and casting desi~n
simple shape and uniform thickness the cooling rate should be based on the measured tensile strength m
of any part can be expected to differ from that of a critical parts of the casting.
4
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IS 210: 2009
--
z
E
II
IO
300 300
CL
~
250 250
I"
t-
<.!)
z
w 200 -- -- 200
~
t-
U'l - - -- --
w
_j 150 150
iii
z
w
I-
100 - - -- 100
0 15 30 so 75 100 125 150
BAR DIAMETER~ mm
Frei. 2 VARIATION OF TENSILE STRENGTH WITH CROSS-SECTIONAL THICKNESS OF GREY IRON CASTINGS
(I)
r Over
(2)
Up to and lncludin~
(3) (4)
FG ISO ~s 10 155
10 20 130
20 JO 115
JO 50 105
FG JSO 10 20 315
20 30 290
JO 50 270
5
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IS 2JO: 2009
ANNEX B
( Forelrord)
COMPARISON BETWEEN GRADES
MPa
2
GRADE (•N/mm l h l<gf/mm2 GRADE
FG400------~0 --40------- ,o
FG 350 - - - - - - 350 3 5 - - - - - - - 35
FG300 - - - - - - - 3 0 0 -------30
FG260
FG 220
FG200 20-------20
FG150 -------150 15 - - - - - - - 1 5
MPa
2
(:N/mm )
ANNEXC
(Foreword)
6
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IS 210: 2009
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IS 210: 2009
Unit Grades
Properties
Specific heat
capacity:
J/kgK 265 375 420 460 460 460 460
20"C to 200°C
J/kgK 355 435 455 495 495 495 495
20"C to 300°C
J/kgK 400 465 465 505 505 505 505
20"C to 400°C
J/kgK 425 480 475 515 515 515 515
20"C to 500°C
J/kgK 445 500 495 535 535 535 5:;5
20"C to 600'C
20"C to 700"C J/kgK 490 555 5(i() li05 (i()5 li05 li05
Relative density: (kg/dm 3) 7.05 7.10 7.15 720 725 730 730
Magnetic and
electrical properties
Maximwn magnetic µHim 301 to380 '/
penneability
Remnant magnetism T 0.4 to0.5
Coercive force Alm 560to720
Hysteresis loss J/m2 2 500to3 000
at50Hz W/kg 17.6to20.9
Electrical resistivity µ!l/m 0.800 o.no 0.7li0 0.730 0.700 0.670 0.640
NOTES
I The typical propcnies given in this Annex arc the properties in 30 mm diameter separately cast test bar or in a
casting section correctly represented by this size of test bar where the tensile strength docs not correspond to that
givm, other properties may differ slightly from those given.
l Notched tensile strengths increase slightly as notch severity ratio, notch radius, notch diameter, increase above 0.47.
J The values quoted for coefficient of thermal expansion of grade FG 400 arc for material in pearlitic iron, where
accicular iron is used for this grade appropriate values are:
ANNEXD
(Foreword)
INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED BY THE PURCHASER
While placing an order for the purchase of grey iron e) Whether the castings are to be inspected and
casting covered by this standard, the purchaser tested in the presence of the purchaser's
should specify the following: representative;
f) Condition of delivery;
a) Material specification;
g) Any special requirement of the purchaser, fm
b) Any required limits on the sulphur and
example, hardness tests and locations of non-
phosphorus content;
destructive testing, quality assurance, etc; and
c) Drawing or reference number of the pattern (if
h) Test reports, if required.
supplied by the purchaser) along with a copy
of the drawing;
8
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IS2JO: 2009
ANNEXE
(Clause 17)
TRANSVERSE TEST FOR GREY CAST IRON
E-1 OBJECT OF THE TEST
E-3.2 Increase the load uniformly without shock until
The object of this test is to determine the transverse the bar fracture. The load should be applied in such
bending strength of grey cast iron by applying a way that the increase of stress does not exceed
constantly increasing single load at the centre of a 3 MPa/s. Find out the load at the fracture of the test
test bar arranged as a beam between two supports bar with the accuracy indicated in Table 6.
until fracture occurs. E-3.J Determine the deflection of the test bar from the
E-2 TEST BARS motion of the thrust relative to the fixed supports or to
the supporting table ofthe machine. In order to eliminate
E-2.1 The cast test bar shall have the dimensions any errors in measwing the deflection, the measurement
given in Table 5. should be stated after applying a small preload as given
in Table 6.
E-2.2 Test bar is normally tested unmachined. The
surface of the test bar shall be free from unevenness E-4 TFST RESULT
and seams which may be removed by careful
grinding. The diameter shall be measured at the The test report shall include:
centre of the test bar in two directions perpendicular a) load at fracture in N;
to one-another. The difference between two b) bending strength f,,, to an accuracy of 0.5 MPa
measurements shall not exceed 5 percent of the calculated from the fonnula:
normal diameter. The mean value ofthe two diameters
shall be the diameter d0 (see E-4) of the test bar. For /b = 8Pl;
its permissible variations from the nominal diameter 7C do
and the accuracy of measurement of the diameter,
where
the values indicated in Tables 5 and 6 shall apply.
E-3 PROCEDURE P maximum load at fracture in N,
L, distance between centres of supports
E-3.1 Place th~ two ends of the test bar on horizontal inmm,and
supports. The support and the point of application of d0 = mean diameter in mm. and
the load shall be rounded to a radius of 5 to 20 mm.
Apply a single load vertically at the centre of the bar c) deflection at fracture in mm.
(see Fig. 4).
9
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IS 210: 2009
LOAD POSITION
-, --
Ls
L
MGIPF-112Deptt ofBISl2009-24.7.200S--J00Bool.s
10
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Copyright
BIS has the coi:-yright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any fonn without
the prior pcrm•~sion in wTiting of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in course of implementing the standard,
of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be
addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.
Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffinned when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of
' BIS Catalogue' and 'Standards: Monthly Additions' .
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No. : MTD 6 (4830)
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