ICT GRADE 10 GROUP ASSIGNMENT

ICT GROUP ASSIGNMENT

GRADE 10-C

Group name

1.Biruk Tinsai

2. Kidus Abrham

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1. How does software perfom a specific task?

 Software performs a specific task by processing input data using programmed

instructions and algorithms. It follows a predefined control flow, which includes

calculations, data manipulation, decision-making, and interactions with other components

or systems. The software utilizes data structures to organize and store data, and it

generates the desired output based on the processed information. Throughout the process,

error handling mechanisms ensure smooth execution, and the software may continue to

receive input, process it, and generate output until the task is completed. The

effectiveness of the software relies on the quality of its design, algorithms, and error

handling, allowing it to efficiently accomplish the intended task.

2.what is software and how does it work?

 Software refers to a collection of programs, instructions, and data that enables computers

and electronic devices to perform specific functions. It works by executing a series of

instructions, written in a programming language, that define the desired behavior and

functionality of the software. When the software is run, the computer's processor

interprets and executes these instructions, interacting with hardware components and

utilizing system resources to process data, make calculations, facilitate communication,

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and produce the intended output. Software acts as an intermediary between users and

computer hardware, enabling the execution of tasks, manipulation of data, and delivery of

desired outcomes, while adhering to predefined logic and algorithms.

3.how does central processing unit work?

 The central processing unit (CPU) is the primary component of a computer responsible

for executing instructions and performing calculations. It works by fetching instructions

and data from memory, decoding the instructions to determine the required operations,

executing the operations using arithmetic and logic units, and storing the results back in

memory. The CPU operates on a clock signal, which synchronizes its activities and

divides the work into discrete steps called machine cycles. During each machine cycle,

the CPU fetches, decodes, executes, and writes back the instructions and data. It utilizes

registers, small high-speed memory units, to store intermediate results and operands. The

CPU also interacts with other components, such as cache memory and input/output

devices, to facilitate information exchange, enabling the computer to perform complex

computations and carry out a wide range of tasks.

4.How does RAM works?

 RAM (Random Access Memory) is a type of computer memory that stores data and

instructions for quick access by the CPU. It consists of integrated circuits that hold binary

values representing data. When the computer is powered on, the operating system and

software programs are loaded into RAM, allowing the CPU to retrieve and process the

data much faster than from storage devices. The CPU communicates with RAM by

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specifying memory addresses to read from or write to, and RAM swiftly retrieves or

stores the requested data. RAM's fast read and write speeds make it ideal for temporary

storage, enabling efficient computation and execution of software programs. However,

RAM is volatile memory, meaning its contents are lost when the computer is powered

off, necessitating data to be stored in more permanent storage devices.

5. State the difference between a website and a webpage?

 A website and a webpage are related but have distinct differences.

A website is a collection of related web pages, multimedia content, and other digital assets that

are grouped together and accessible through a common domain name. It represents a complete

online presence, often consisting of multiple interconnected web pages. A website typically

includes various sections, such as a home page, about page, contact page, and additional pages

for specific content, services, or products. It may also incorporate features like navigation menus,

search functionality, and interactive elements. A website can be thought of as a comprehensive

online entity that provides information, services, or products to users.

On the other hand, a webpage is a single document within a website. It is a specific HTML

(Hypertext Markup Language) file that contains content such as text, images, videos, and links.

A webpage is accessed through a URL (Uniform Resource Locator) and is displayed by a web

browser. It represents a single unit of information or a specific topic within a website. Webpages

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are interconnected through hyperlinks, allowing users to navigate between different pages within

a website or access external resources.

In summary, a website is a collection of web pages and digital assets that form a complete online

presence, while a webpage is an individual HTML document that represents a specific topic or

unit of information within a website.

6. List the 4 flow of information ?

 The four flows of information in a computer system are: input (data and instructions

entering the system), processing (execution of instructions and algorithms), storage

(retention of data and instructions), and output (transfer of processed data and

information).

7.list the information system element?

 The elements of an information system include data, hardware, software, networks,

procedures, people, and policies.

8. What is compiler?

A compiler is a software program that translates source code into executable machine code or

bytecode. It performs analysis, optimization, and code generation to convert human-readable

code into instructions that a computer can understand and execute.

9. What is an interpreter ?

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 In the realm of ICT (Information and Communication Technology), an interpreter is a

software program that translates and executes source code line by line without prior

compilation. It reads each line of the source code, interprets it, and immediately executes

the corresponding instructions. Interpreters are commonly used in scripting languages

and interactive environments, providing a flexible and interactive development

experience where code can be tested and modified on-the-fly. Unlike compilers, which

translate the entire source code before execution, interpreters work directly with the

source code during runtime, allowing for immediate feedback and dynamic execution.

However, interpreted code generally runs slower than compiled code since each line

needs to be interpreted and executed separately.

10. How does the internet work?

 The internet is a global network of interconnected computers and devices that

communicate with each other using standardized protocols. It operates based on the

principles of packet switching and the Internet Protocol suite (TCP/IP). When a user

requests information or sends data, it is divided into small packets that are independently

routed across multiple networks. These packets travel through routers, which direct them

towards their destination based on the IP addresses embedded in the packets. The packets

may take different paths and potentially arrive out of order, but they are reassembled at

their destination. This decentralized and distributed architecture enables data

transmission, web browsing, email communication, file sharing, and other online

activities. Additionally, the internet relies on domain names and the Domain Name

System (DNS) to map human-readable addresses to numeric IP addresses. Overall, the

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internet enables global connectivity, facilitating the exchange of information and services

across the world.

11.What physical infrastructure makes the internet work?

 The physical infrastructure of the internet includes servers, routers, cables (including

fiber optics and undersea cables), data centers, internet service providers (ISPs), network

switches, and data transmission facilities. These components work together to enable data

transmission, connectivity, and communication across the internet.