Final Thesis

UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY MAMANGEMENT

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Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Tourism in global industry has been growing as wild pace
of technological advancements emerges from different places
and cultures. Consequently, the development of tourism brought
various effects on country’s economy which includes the growth
and development of different industries such as
transportation, accommodation, wildlife, arts, entertainment
and many more. This results to the creation of new jobs and
generation of revenue from investments and services provided.
Republic Act 9593 declares tourism as an indispensable
element of the national economy and an industry of national
interest and importance, which must be harnessed as an engine
of socio-economic growth and cultural affirmation to generate
investment, foreign exchange, and employment, and to continue
to mold an enhanced sense of national pride for all Filipinos.
Meanwhile, pilgrimage tourism is essentially the process
of visiting pilgrimage sites. These are primarily religious
destinations and can even be said to have formed a very early
version of tourism. As mentioned by the Department of Tourism
through their website in 2022, the following are the famous
pilgrimage places visited by many Cagayanos. This includes

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Tuguegarao Cathedral, Iguig Church and Calvary Hills, St.
Philomene Church (Alcala), Camalaniugan Church (Camalaniugan),
Minor Basilica of Our Lady of Piat, Lal-lo Church, and St.
Lorenzo Ruiz Church (Aparri).
Furthermore, the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
defined religion and pilgrimage tourism as any travel beyond
the ordinary environment for religious purposes, excluding
travel for business purposes (like priests traveling for work)
attending wedding receptions or funerals is generally
classified as visiting friends and relatives. However, in
nations where these rites are strongly associated with
religion, they may be properly described as pilgrimage tourist
events. Pilgrimages are typically long journeys for religious
purposes that may last for a long period of time. They are
considered as a comprehensive trip that believers undergo to
deepen their ties to their religion. Currently, pilgrimage
tourism involves visiting certain churches, mosques, or other
places of worship as the main highlight in a vacation. It does
not have to be a protracted journey (as in a traditional
pilgrimage), but it might be a fast visit as part of any other
sort of tourism. It may be classified as one of the earliest
sorts of tourist attractions and a global experience in
ancient times of spiritual progress. Excursions to nearby

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pilgrimage places or religious conferences are well-known
forms of temporary religious sightseeing.
Known to be a Catholic country, Philippines has various
religious landmarks such as historic churches, minor
basilicas, shrines, sacred sites, and locations that symbolize
religious significance. For this reason, a pilgrimage—a
journey of faith—had been an essential part of every
Filipino's spiritual life for the purpose of religious or
civil repentance. It also represents the longing and desire to
get close to God. For others, pilgrimage tourism plays an
important role in practicing "piñata," or vow, to ask for help
or to express gratitude through prayers. Further, it was
believed that reaching the sacred location brings about
healing, spiritual awakening and renewal, and faith
strengthening.
One of the most religious areas in the Philippines is
Cagayan Valley. Most of the people in the Cagayan Valley
Region were Roman Catholics as emphasized in the survey
initiated by Philippine Statistics Authority. Aglipayans and
Evangelicals were the next two groups while 15.65 percent of
people were identified belonging to another religion.
Because of these, local studies have marginally expanded
the earlier researches on religious tourism in the province of
Cagayan Valley. Its focus is on exploring religious sites in

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the Cagayan Valley that might support the local pilgrimage
industry. Pilgrimage tourism is historically significant that
primarily developed the capacity and history of the people in
the Cagayan Valley in terms of it religious landmarks. Visits
to historic religious places offer opportunity for real
cultural and educational experiences, which is one of the
reasons people travel although it is crucial to evaluate its
historical relevance.
Hence, this study aimed to generally determine the
factors contributing to pilgrimage tourism in the province.
Specifically, this study assessed the following three main
variables: historical importance, holiness and spirituality,
and customs and traditions for the basis of creating a Tour
Package. The objectives of this study were to determine the
impact of religious sites in the community in terms of socio-
cultural and economic aspects and how this signifies the
importance and difference of continuous improvement in
religious tourism in Cagayan valley. Further, findings from
this study may be used by the future students at University of
Cagayan Valley, the residents of Cagayan Province and its
neighboring town as well as the pilgrimage participants who
possess interest in researching for the assessment of the
religious site in the community of Cagayan Valley.

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Conceptual Framework
This study was based on the concept that “Pilgrimage
tourism is one of the oldest types of tourism and a worldwide
phenomenon of religious history.” Typically, a short-term
journey is a short trip wherein a tourist visits nearby
pilgrimage centers or conferences. On the contrary, it may be
referred as a long trip that lasts for days, weeks, or even
months to national pilgrimage centers and conferences. Common
Generally, pilgrimage tourism provides tourists with an
entirely powerful motivation to achieve their religious beliefs
and practices that help the community’s development.

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Input Process Output

1. Profile of the 1. Assessing the profile
Respondents of the Respondents
1.1. Age 1.1. Age
1.2. Gender 1.2. Gender
1.3. Type of 1.3. Type of Tourist
Tourist 1.4. Employment
1.4. Employment 1.5. Religion
1.5. Religion 1.6. Ethnicity
1.6. Ethnicity
2. Assessing the
2. Extent to extent to which the
which the factors factors contribute to Determined factors
contribute to pilgrimate: contributing to
pilgrimate: 2.1. Belief pilgrimage tourism
2.1. Belief 2.2. Experiences for Calendar Year
2.2. Experiences 2.3. Satisfaction
2.3. Satisfaction 2023
3. Correlating between
the profile of the
respondents on their
extent of the following
factors contributing to
pilgrimate tourism
Feedback
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Figure 1: Paradigm of the Study.
The input frame consisted the profile of the respondents
age, gender, type of tourist, employment, religion and
ethnicity and extent to which the factors contribute to
pilgrimage tourism along with belief, experiences and
satisfaction.
The process frame assessed the profile of the
respondents, the extent to which the factors contribute to
pilgrimage tourism and correlating between the profile of the
respondents and the extent of the pre-identified factors
contributing to pilgrimage tourism.
The output frame determined the factors contributing to
pilgrimage tourism for Calendar Year 2023.
Statement of the Problem
The study aimed to determine the factors contributing to
pilgrimage tourism and its effect on creating a Tour Package.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondents?
1.1.1. Age
1.1.2. Gender
1.1.3. Type of Tourist

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1.1.4. Employment
1.1.5. Religion
1.1.6. Ethnicity
2. To what extent do the following factors contribute to
pilgrimage:
2.1. Belief
2.2. Experiences
2.3. Satisfaction
3. Is there a significant relationship between the profile
of the respondents on their extent of the following
factors contributing to pilgrimage tourism?
Hypothesis
This study was guided by a lone hypothesis that there is
no significant relationship between the profile of the
respondents on their extent of the following factors
contributing to pilgrimage tourism.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
This study focused in assessing the factors contributing
to pilgrimage tourism along with the respondent’s belief,
experiences and satisfaction in the province of Cagayan.
Further, this study used descriptive research design and
utilized a survey questionnaire as its data gathering tool. The

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respondents of the study were selected through simple random
sampling technique.
Significance of the Study
Specifically, this study was deemed beneficial the
following:
Department of Tourism. The findings of this study would
serv as to formulate new means in boosting Pilgrimage Tourism
that significantly contributes economic development of the
country.
Local Government Unit (LGU). This study would help the
authorities to understand the factors contributing to
pilgrimage tourism and its effect to the community.
Travel Agencies. The study would help all travel agencies
in Cagayan Province to plan a better tour package plan for
pilgrimage tourism.
Future Researchers. This study would serve as reference
for future researchers who will deal on a study related to
this.
Researchers. This study would develop the researchers'
research-capacity and will lead in improving teamwork and
discipline for the accomplishment of a specific task.

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Definition of Terms
The following terms were operationally defined for better
understanding.
Belief. This refers to an acceptance of the pilgrimate on
the different places in Cagayan Province.
Devotion. This refers to the loyalty and love or care for
someone or something.
Experiences. This refers to the pilgrimage practices in
the different areas or places in Cagayan.
Excursions. This refers to the journey made by a group of
individuals, typically for recreation, education, or health-
related reasons.
Fervent. This refers to displaying a strong spirit,
sentiment, enthusiasm, etc. of great warmth or intensity.
Packaged Travel. This refers to the combination of two or
more travel components that includes lodging and transportation
that are promoted and sold together by a tour operator.
Pilgrimage. This refers to a journey often into an unknown
of foreign place where a person goes in search of new or
expanded meaning about their self, others, nature, or a higher
good through the experience.
Pilgrim. This refers to a person who goes on a long
journey often with a religious or moral purpose and especially
to a foreign land.
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Satisfaction. This refers to the happiness experience by
the visitors or tourist when visiting different places in
Cagayan.
Spiritual. This refers to relating to or having an impact
on the human spirit or soul as opposed to things that are
material or physical.
Tourism. This refers to the phenomenon that is social,
cultural, and economic involves people traveling for personal,
commercial, or professional reasons to nations or locations
that are different from their home country or region.
Tourist. This refers to the person who journeys and

explores new areas for fun and interest.
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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents the related literature and studies
which the researchers deemed relevant with the present study.
Such literature and studies cited pave the way in determining
the extent of how far researchers have done through along the
area under investigation.
Related Literature
Pilgrimage Tourism
Tourist attraction is an indispensable component in
tourism industry. As the main attractive feature of a tourist
destination, it promotes tourism development and may be in
various types and forms. Generally, this type of attraction
would focus on cultural heritage and attraction. These kinds of
attractions are usually product of historical process specific
to particular communities such as some historical places,
monuments, ancient temples, zoos, aquaria, museums and art
galleries, botanical gardens, buildings and structures. Most of
these are usually landmarks in those regions as well. In order
to assure the sustainability of tourism development in those

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regions, the communities as the rightful owners and
interpreters of their own cultures, should protect these
properties carefully. Hence, that requires communities to be
knowledgeable on community-based and responsible cultural
tourism development, Howard, k. (2020).
On the other hand, there are factors that attract tourist
to travel and visit a certain place. Different cultures,
cuisine, events, landscape, and shopping contribute to the
general experience of traveling including facilities. However,
there are cases where these the primary things that make people
spend thousands of dollars and their two- or three-week
vacation that happens only once a year do not make up the
experience they expect. It is because it’s a generally belief
that cultural attractions, tourism facilities and gastronomy
are the most decisive factors in terms of travel and tourism,
Kelly, U. (2020).
Moreover, majority considers tourism as the most important
sector that serves as source of economy for a country and its
people. The socio-cultural improvement may promote a nation's
image in foreign countries. In the era of regional economy
nowadays, tourism sector development becomes more important for
a region's development. It is because the local income may
provide contribution in the form of local revenue and increase
the local economy. The local government is encouraged to

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explore either the potential natural resource or the potential
human resource owned by each region, including tourism sector
as development means of each region to enhance their facilities
and other amenities which could lead to a better outcome on
tourism impact, Santos, P. (2019). More specifically,
pilgrimage, a common religious and cultural phenomenon in human
societies and an important feature of the world’s major
religions, has been defined as ‘a journey resulting from
religious causes, externally and internally for spiritual
considerations and internal comprehension. Today, however, it
is insisted that the definition of pilgrimage must be broad,
considering both ancient religious pilgrimage and contemporary
secular excursions, as will be stated in this paper. Around the
world, pilgrimage is currently enjoying a rebirth. Furthermore,
politically, economically, socially, and culturally,
pilgrimages can have a significant impact on the world's trade
and health. Due of its extent and spatial effect, pilgrimage is
a significant topic that needs spatial movement.
In addition, for some countries and cities, it has been a
primary economic activity, but pilgrimage also creates other
mobilities such as trade, cultural exchanges, political the
unfavorable spread of diseases and plagues, and migrations.
Nevertheless, there is still a lack of synthesis and
comprehensive conceptualization in the literature on

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pilgrimage. Religion and tourism have typically been treated as
two distinct themes in research on the connections between
religion, pilgrimage, and tourist, calling for minimal
connected or comparative examination. This is remarkable
because, religion has had a significant impact on the evolution
of leisure over the centuries.
In general, there are disparities on how religion and
pilgrims affect the tourism sector which were emphasized in the
study of Olsen and Timothy who perceived the distinctions
between pilgrimage and tourism. Two perspectives must be
considered when analyzing the connection between tourism and
pilgrimage. The first is the perspective of the tourists
themselves and of religious institutions. From this vantage
point, pilgrims are typically not regarded as tourists, or at
least are perceived as different from tourists, because they
travel for spiritual purposes, as opposed to tourists, who
travel (or visit locations) for secular motives like curiosity
and pleasure. The second is the vantage point of the tourism
industry and tourism studies in which pilgrims are regarded as
tourists and should be treated as such. This perspective is
relevant to the development of economic activities such as
hotels, restaurants, shops, hospices, and religious centers.
Impacts of Pilgrimage Tourism to Tourist

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Religious or pilgrimage tourism is regarded as an ancient
form of travel worldwide. Religion is said to be one of the
factors that motivate people to embark on a journey and
millions of people travel to great pilgrimage centers to
satisfy their own religious convictions and religious
curiosity. Social practice and changing individual beliefs are
important social and cultural characteristics of this type of
tourism. As a result, it possesses a socio-cultural potential
for influencing a person's motivational state, which has the
need for cultural and religious objects required for
spirituality ideological existence. It is estimated that
approximately 240 million people go on pilgrimages each year,
the vast majority of whom are Christians, Muslims, and Hindus.
Religious or spiritually motivated travel has become widespread
and popular in recent decades. Many of those people travel to
sacred places in the hope of being cured and paying respect to
God, but others are simply curious to see those sacred sites
and destinations. People visit sacred sites for a variety of
reasons, including a desire for truth, enlightenment, or an
authentic encounter with the divine or holy. Pilgrims
therefore, are generally not considered tourists, or, at the
very least, they are regarded as distinct from tourists.
Pilgrims, according to this point of view, are not tourists

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because they travel for spiritual reasons, whereas tourists
travel for more secular reasons, such as curiosity or pleasure.
Furthermore, religious tourists and pilgrims seek to
escape the stresses of daily life and work. Many people want to
have a spiritually energizing formative and cultural experience
where they can grow and become enlightened by what they
encounter at a destination. Many people enjoy dabbling in
various world views and lifestyles, as well as experiencing
other cultures, Shane, (2018).
For Christians, on the other hand, the concept of
pilgrimage is inextricably linked to the belief that "The
Church is Pilgrim" as the will of people following God. Our
country's religion, combined with ecological culture, natural
scenery, and historical sites. Thus, it is believed that our
country's religion and tourism have already formed mutually
promoting and developing relationships.
Hance, faith can be expressed in a variety of ways in the
Philippines, which has the world's third largest Catholic
population. It is determined by the church's local history,
national tradition, and a variety of cultural elements that
make the expression of faith unique in some places. People of
strong faith, regardless of social status, lack the words and
will to define their faith. They simply practiced it and lived

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with it throughout their lives. Filipinos experience another
way of practicing one's own belief through many great events,
such as the novena, rosary recitation, attending saint
processions, and religious devotion to various spiritual
representations of Jesus Christ. These practices are believed
by Filipinos to be the salvation of their distress and
misfortune in life, and as a result, spiritual faith will live
forever because it is embedded in Christian culture.
Additionally, visitors' religious motivational factors in
the destination were significantly more focused on religious
motives than secular motives, which reflected on their
experiences. This suggests that religious visitors are
motivated by intrinsic spiritual desires such as religious
conviction satisfaction and religious curiosity fulfillment
(faith and practice). Visitors are religious travelers in this
sense because their main motivations are the search for truth,
enlightenment, or an authentic experience with the divine or
holy, which leads them to sacred sites. According to Hanes
(2020), religious tourism is any trip that is motivated solely
or partially by religious reasons. Although religious issues
are not the only ones that visitors to religious sites or
events consider, some will be there to experience cultural,
traditional, spiritual, and landscape patterns that will take
them on a journey. It should also be noted that, with the rise

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of religious tourism, whether for religious or secular reasons,
pilgrimage destinations and/or sites have evolved into
multifunctional destinations that welcome tourists in general.
As a result, it is critical to strike a balance between
visitors who came for religious and secular reasons,
recognizing the critical role of church administrators and
regional tourism organizations through local government units
in implementing measures that will preserve religious practices
while capitalizing on their tourism significance.
Impacts of Pilgrimage Tourism to the Community
Culture and heritage sites are among the most popular
tourist attractions in these two cities. The goal of this
research is to identify and examine residents' attitudes toward
tourism development in these two cities. Residents of the two
cities were asked to provide a sample. On the other hand, both
groups of respondents concur that the travel and tourism
industry has too much political clout, that local governments
should impose restrictions on travel, that travel, and tourism
increase traffic and trash on the streets, among other issues.
Regarding the correlation between social effects and several
demographic factors in Vigan City, whether the respondent was
born there or not, as well as the employment tourism industry

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significantly affect the social impacts. In Ayutthaya City, it
is the relationship of the employment to tourism industry that
significantly affects their perception of impacts. On the other
hand, both groups of respondents agree that tourism businesses
have too much political clout; that local governments should
limit tourism; that tourism has a negative impact on the
environment that tourism increases traffic; and that tourism
causes more litter on the streets, among other things.
Concerning the relationship between social impacts and some
demographic variables, whether the respondent was born in the
city or not, as well as the relationship of employment to the
tourism industry, have a significant impact on the social
impacts in Vigan City.
Cultural Impacts
Sustainable Development Goals states that culture is
important. The case of Escolta, Manila, on the other hand,
shows otherwise. It emphasizes the interdependence of inner
cultural cluster dynamics, economic impacts, and socio-
environmental impacts, resulting in a cycle of culture
promoting development and development fostering culture,
leading to development. Using the one-off initiative framework
provided by the (UNESCO) World Heritage Centre for heritage
conservation, the case of Escolta, Manila, was compared to the
case of Vigan, Ilocos Sur. The findings revealed that the lack
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of interest on the part of property owners in Escolta, Manila,
as the primary shareholders, makes built-heritage conservation
unmanageable. As a result, concrete legislative frameworks are
required to address such apathy. The focus of Vigan's
development framework was on cultural heritage conservation,
which led to people's emancipation as cultural heritage
guardians, resulting in direct and indirect economic benefits.
If such a framework can be replicated in the revitalization of
Escola, Manila, the Queen of the Streets of Manila will rise
once more, declaring that cultural heritage can be a driver of
economic development and that cultural heritage conservation is
not always an impediment to urban development in the
Philippines.
Economic Impacts
Spirit-seekers went to holy places specifically to get
closer to eternality, worship forefathers, seek forgiveness for
wrongdoing, and commune with divine beings. Over time, this
religiously motivated fly out became more formalized and
institutionalized. Among the items mentioned, the increase in
community income received the highest weighted mean followed by
the creation of job opportunities among Batangas residents and
was rated as agree. Residents are supporting the government by
directly hiring workers, awarding contracts to businesses to
hire workers, or increasing subsidies to state governments so

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that they do not have to lay off workers, according to the
findings. Religious tourism in Pakistan is a rapidly
developing, multi-faceted, and potentially lucrative field of
work, according to a study conducted by Minhaj (2018).
Religious tourism's economic impact around the world is
dynamically motivating open and private organizations. Tourism
has become an industry for a variety of reasons, including sale
and purchase, economic exchanges, and economic gloat. The
community is very important in religious tourism. The economic
benefits and costs of religious tourism affect everyone. A low
weighted mean of was assigned to the improvement in living
standards, which was followed by additional revenue to the LGU.
The findings indicate that residents are willing to support the
Batangas community and the LGU's economic growth through
additional revenue sources such as taxes, loans, business, and
employee rates. Authorities have the authority to choose the
location of the seat of government from which governmental and
corporate offerings are made available. When selecting a
specific site, factors such as geological centrality, openness,
accessibility of transportation and verbal trade centers,
seepage and sanitation, advancement and financial development,
and various material issues may be considered Chan, R., (2018).
Socio-cultural Impacts
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Socio-cultural influences contribute to tourism by
generating funds that are invested in preserving local
historical sites, providing a better local facility, which in
turn creates higher education, improving infrastructure,
organizing frequent social events, better entertainment
centers, and thus a better lifestyle for the local people. It
suggests that the sociocultural effects are extremely
beneficial to the residents. It can help to fund the
development of facilities for residents' use. Socio-cultural
impact refers to changes in residents' daily encounters that
improve their qualities, scholarly and lifestyle, and mastery
with their visitors and professional organizations, utilizing
any impact they may have. Furthermore, it has the potential to
advance social progress through the creation of new businesses,
wage redistribution, and poverty alleviation. Tourism as a
force for peace, fortifying groups, offices created for tourism
can benefit occupants, revaluation of culture and conventions,
and energizing municipal association and pride are some of the
potentially positive effects of tourism. The preservation of
culture and religious sites received the highest weighted mean
followed by regional values and traditions being strengthened
and highly valued and residents having a social commitment to
their community. All are evaluated verbally as agreeing or
disagreeing. Respondents value cultural preservation, according

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to the findings, because culture and its heritage reflect and
shape values, beliefs, and aspirations, thereby defining a
people's national identity. Cultural heritage preservation is
critical because it preserves a people's integrity. Values are
important because they assist people in growing and developing.
The low results are indicators that it brings social changes
among Batangas Province residents, tourists, and government
officials creates social solidarity and overcrowding the place
which received the lowest weighted mean with verbal
interpretation of agree. The travel and tourism industry are a
global economic cornerstone, paving the way for a growing
middle class, improved virtual and physical connectivity, and
generations of people with an insatiable desire to travel the
world. According to the report, "It is rapidly increasing". "Of
course, this boom is followed by difficulties, many of which
can be summed up with the term 'overcrowding.' "Overcrowding is
nothing new, but it appears to be reaching a tipping point in
popular destinations around the world." When it comes to
tourism, reputation can be both a blessing and a curse. When a
destination reaches a tipping point, the result can alienate
locals, strain infrastructure, and have a negative impact on
the visitor experience. Overcrowding is a global issue,
affecting places as diverse as Thailand's Koh khai islands,
Peru's Machu Picchu, and Venice. The study discovered five

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procedures that have proven to be beneficial for destinations
that are already overcrowded. Increase visitors across
websites, for example, by developing new points of interest and
selling less-famous websites and areas, adjust pricing to
balance supply, clean visitors over time by encouraging them to
visit during nonpeak times of day, season, and year through
actions such as arrival limits and ticketing structures, and
demand by introducing variable or tiered pricing, and adjust
lodging.
Related Studies
In the study of Kala, D. (2021) entitled, “Examining the
Impact of Food Attributes and Restaurant Services on Tourist
Satisfaction: Evidence from Mountainous State of India”, which
investigated the impact of various food and restaurant service
attributes on tourist satisfaction in mountainous destinations
of India based on the information obtained from 316 tourists
via a self-administered questionnaire. Moreover, the study used
descriptive-quantitative of analysis. Frequency, percentage, t-
test and chi square were used to test the data being gathered.
The major findings revealed ambience, food quality,
quality of physical features and service quality have a
significant impact on tourist satisfaction, while food
preparation and presentation, authenticity and employee

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attributes do not contribute significantly to tourist
satisfaction.
As mentioned in the study of Othman, P. (2020) entitled,
“The Impact of Tourism on Small Business Performance: Empirical
Evidence from Malaysian Islands” which presented an empirical
result of a study on the impact of tourism on small businesses
performance operating on four main tourist destination islands
in Malaysia.
The study employed primary data collected from small
tourism businesses on the four islands and a multiple
regression analysis using a questionnaire. The major findings
revealed that tourism as measured by tourist arrivals and
tourist customers has significant positive impact on the
financial and non-financial performance of the small
businesses. This finding consolidated tourism development
theory that tourism is an important catalyst for
entrepreneurial development and small business performance.
Based on the study of Cecil, A. (2020) entitled, “Small
Business Owner’s Perception of the Value and Impacts on
Tourism”, the purpose of this study was to explore the
perceptions of small business owners, who are also residents of
a community, on the economic, environmental and social cultural
impacts of tourism.
27
The study utilized descriptive-quantitative with the used
of questionnaire. The respondents are the business owners of
small and medium enterprises. They were selected using random
sampling technique.
The major results revealed that there is a correlation
between the level of support for tourism among small business
owners varied based on the type of small business.
According to the study of Nayomia, G. (2019) entitled,
“Socio-Economic Impacts on Local Community through Tourism
Development with Special Reference to Heritance Kandalama”, the
study considered the main social and economic impacts on local
community trough tourism development in Kandalama area of Sri
Lanka.
The study mainly focused to identify the social and
economic impacts on local community and their perception
towards the tourism development in the neighborhood.
The study is adapted the mixed methodology and the data is
generated through structured questionnaire survey, personal
interviews and discussions.
The major findings revealed that the community has
developed positive attitudes about the tourism development and
the community is accepted tourism as a major income source
through active and passive participations. The hotel also has

28
taken numerous policy decisions and practices to ensure the
delivery of benefits of tourism to the local community.
Sharma (2019), in the research work entitled “Tourism-
Policy, Planning and Strategy” presented an overview of tourism
industry in India in general and Rajasthan in particular. The
researcher examined the organizational structure of Rajasthan
Tourism Development Corporation (RTDC) and studied the opinions
of tourists regarding the various services and facilities
provided by the corporation. The study revealed that pleasure
was the most important reason for tourists to undertake journey
and good number of tourists were satisfied with the services
and facilities provided by RTDC. The analysis of the study
further revealed that trend of stay of tourists was towards
non-star hotels followed by guest houses and tourist bungalows.
The research highlighted the need for improved communication
skills, reducing room rents, increasing efficiency of staff,
strengthening the association of private sector and employing
specialists for the growth of industry.
Faulkner (2018), in his study entitled “Tourism Politics
and Public Sector” endeavored to examine the dynamics of
tourism policy and public sector management through case
studies of UK, Australia, Thailand and Vietnam. The research
found a number of reasons for apparent neglect of policy
research in tourism area. It was found that being a fragmented

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nature of industry, many areas of government impinge on various
facets of tourism activity in one way or the other and this
impedes the development and implementation of coherent policy
in tourism area. It was pointed out that tourism management
field is relatively a new area of study and it is to be
expected that some aspects of tourism might not have advanced
so far.
Singh (2018), in the research article entitled “Tourism in
India: Policy Pitfalls” explained that tourism is a highly
political phenomenon. Public policies on tourism reflect the
general state of governance in a country. This paper began with
a brief overview of the prevailing conditions that usually
dictate policy formation. Given this background, the state of
the Indian tourism planning processes and implementation are
presented. It is observed that traditional Indian tourism
practices were largely oriented towards a domestic base rather
than international tourism, in terms of both demand and supply.
The paper made an attempt to identify, where the tourism
policies fall short of delivering the desired results. Based on
research results, some suggestions were offered by the
researcher with a view to rectify the past errors.

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Synthesis
The study of Othman, P. (2020) entitled, “The Impact of
Tourism on Small Business Performance: Empirical Evidence from
Malaysian Islands” provided the ideas and suggestions in
assessing the purpose of this study. They have similarities on
the purpose and or objectives of the study. This also served
as guide to determine the factors contributing to pilgrimage
tourism. On the other hand, the differences are realated to the
research context, sample population or respondents, the tool
for gathering data and the statistical treatment used by the
researchers.
31
Chapter 3
METHODS AND PROCEDURE
This chapter covers the research design, the data
gathering tool, the data gathering procedure and the data
statistical tool used to the collect data.
Research Design
The descriptive correlational research design was used in
this study to determine the factors contributing to pilgrimage
tourism along with their Belief, Experiences and Satisfaction.
Specifically, this study used descriptive research to assess
the profile of the respondents, such as age, gender, Type of

32
Tourist, Employment, Religion and Ethnicity. Meanwhile, the
correlational research design, was utilized to determine the
significant relationship between the profile of the respondents
on their extent of the following factors contributing to
pilgrimate tourism.
Respondents of the study
This study gathered information from people who are
knowledgeable about the study's focal point to collect relevant
data. The pilgrimage residents and local tourists of Cagayan
Valley served as the respondents and were selected using simple
random sampling. The total number of respondents was 140 as
manifested on Table 1 that shows its distribution.
Table 1
Distribution of Respondents of the study
Respondents Sample (n)

Tourists 140
Total 140
Data Gathering Tool
The researchers patterned the questionnaires from the
study of “Religious Tourist Destination in Lipa City” by Ramos,
et. al (2010) and “Understanding Revisit Intention towards
Religious Attraction of Kartarpur Temple: Moderation Analysis

33
of Religiosity” by Rehman, A. U., et. al (2022) which mainly
determined the impacts of religious sites to community.
Part I of the questionnaire determined the profile of the
respondent such as age, gender, type of tourists, employment,
religion, and ethnicity. Meanwhile, Part II examined the extent
do the following factors contributes to pilgrimate relative to
Belief, Experiences and Satisfaction.
Data Gathering Procedure
Formally, the researchers sent a letter addressed to the
mayor of each municipality or city through the tourism
coordinator requesting permission to conduct the study. Upon
securing the ethical letter from the Institutional Review
Board, the researchers proceeded in the conduct of the study.
During the collection of data, the researchers explained the
letter of intent and waiver for the respondents regarding the
confidentiality of their identity and the information that they
wish to disclose. After retrieval of the questionnaires, the

34
responses were objectively tallied, computed, analyzed, and
recorded.
Statistical Tools
Frequency and percentage were used to analyze the profile
of the respondents and weighted mean was utilized to assess the
extent do the following factors contributes to pilgrimate.
Weighted mean was further interpreted using the Likert’s scale
below.
Mean range Numerical value Descriptive

interpretation
3 2.34 – 3.00 Disagree
2 1.67 – 2.33 Agree
1 1.00 – 1.66 Strongly Agree
Furthermore, the Pearson-r or correlation was used to test
the significant relationship between the profile of the
respondents on their extent of the following factors
contributing to pilgrimate tourism.

35
Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of the
data gathered in the research study.
1. Profile of Respondents
1.1. Age
Table 2a
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents

According to Age
Age Frequency Percentage

36
24-34 93 66.43
35-45 17 12.14
46-56 24 17.14
57-67 4 2.86
68-78 2 1.43
Total 140 100.00
Mean Age=34.99
As seen on the above table, 93 or 66.43 percent belong to
age bracket of 24-34 years. On the other hand, the least belong
to age bracket of 68-78 years with 2 or 1.43 percent only of
the total number of respondents. The mean age is 34.99 implying
that majority of the respondents are in early adulthood period.
1.2. Gender
Table 2b
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents

According to Gender
Gender Frequency Percentage

Male 62 44.30
Female 78 55.70
Total 140 100.00
The table revealed that 78 or 55.70 percent of the
respondents are females, while 62 or 44.30 percent of them are
males indicating that majority of the respondents are females
during the conduct of the study.

37
1.3. Type of Tourist
Table 2c
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According

to their Type of Tourist
Type of Tourist Frequency Percentage

Explorer 140 100.00
Total 140 100.00
As reflected on table 2c, 140 or 100.00 percent of the
respondents are tourist explorer meaning that the respondents
are seeking new experiences through travelling.
1.4. Employment
Table 2d

to Employment
Employment Frequency Percentage

Government Employee 112 80.00
Private Employee 28 20.00
Total 140 100.00
As gleaned on the above table, 112 or 80.00 percent are
government employees, while 28 or 20.00 percent are private
employees indicating that majority of the respondents are
working in a government institution.

38
1.5. Religion
Table 2e

to Religion
Religion Frequency Percentage

Protestants 1 0.70
Baptist 2 1.40
Seventh Day Adventist 2 1.40
Iglesia ni Kristo 7 5.00
Jehovah Witnesses 2 1.40
Roman Catholics 126 90.00
Total 140 100.00
As presented on table 2e, majority of the respondents with
126 or 90.00 percent are members of the Catholic Church while
only 1 or 0.70 percent belonged to Protestants. This finding
was historically emphasized due to the long period of
colonization by the Spaniards who influenced the Filipinos with
Catholicism.
1.5. Ethnicity
Table 2f

to Ethnicity
Ethnicity Frequency Percentage

Ilocano 68 48.60
Tagalog 49 35.00
Ytawes 14 10.00
Ybanag 9 6.40
Total 140 100.00
39
As seen on the above table, 68 or 48.60 percent are
Ilocano while 9 or 6.40 percent are Ybanag denoting that
majority of the respondents belong to Ilocano speaking tribe.
2. Extent to which the Factors Contributes to Pilgrimate
2.1. Belief
Table 3a
Mean and Descriptive Interpretation on Extent to which the

Factors Contributes to Pilgrimate Relative to Belief
Item Descriptive
Items Mean Interpretation
1. Spiritual orientation is essential for a tranquil life 2.54 Strongly Agree
2. Spirituality is relevant for a good quality of life 2.55 Strongly Agree
3. I believe there are many rewards to a spiritual 2.56 Strongly Agree
way of life
4. Material prosperity is not more important than 2.38 Strongly Agree
spiritual growth
5. Spirituality has a positive influence on my vitality 2.52 Strongly Agree
and on my physical health.
Category Mean 2.51 Strongly Agree
40
As reflected on the above table, item number 1 “I believe
there are many rewards to a spiritual way of life,” was rated
with the highest mean of 2.56 or “Strongly Agree”, conveying
that the respondents believed in God’s intercession as related
on blessings they receive when conducting pilgrimage.
While, item number 4 “Material prosperity is not more
important than spiritual growth,” has the lowest mean of 2.38
or “Strongly Agree”, signifying that the respondents believed
that having faith in God is more than a treasure.
Moreover, the category mean is 2.51 or “Strongly Agree”
denoting that being spiritually minded is necessary for leading
a peaceful existence. This was futher highlighted in the study
of Noga, (2018) entitled, “Pilgrimage-Tourism: Common Themes in
Different Religions” in which common themes in different
religions regarding pilgrimage-tourism were discussed. The
findings revealed that these developments can be observed by
doing away with distinctions that were accepted in the past. It
could improve spirituality and influence the vitality, physical
health and a growing inability to distinguish between the
different perceptions.
2.2. Experiences
Table 3b
41

Factors Contributes to Pilgrimate Relative to Experiences
Item Descriptive
Items
Mean Interpretation
1. Language barriers 2.21 Agree
2. Easily reached destination 2.37 Strongly Agree
3. Participated into different pilgrimage activities in 2.35 Strongly Agree
this site
4. I experienced the mystery of religion 2.41 Strongly Agree
5. I shared experience with other believers/pilgrims 2.35 Strongly Agree
As seen on the above table, item number 4 “I experienced
the mystery of religion,” has the highest mean of 2.41 or
“Strongly Agree”, implying that the respondents have faith that
nothing is impossible in the Lord.
Meanwhile, item number 1 “Language barriers” has the
lowest mean of 2.21 or “Agree”, meaning that language diversity
is a communicative challenge to the respondents when they do
pilgrimage.
The category mean is 2.34 or “Strongly Agree” emphasizing
that participation in a variety of pilgrimage events at this
location was highly evident. As mentioned in the study of
Vijayanand, S. (2020) entitled "Socio economic Impacts in
Pilgrimage Tourism” the findings showed that visitor population
ranged widely from very religious orthodox pilgrims, through
"traditional" pilgrim-tourists to secular tourists. The
features of present-day pilgrims can be represented on a scale

42
that may be described as secular versus spiritual, and tourism
versus pilgrimage. This typology also introduced a model for
the development of the pilgrimage sites.
2.3. Satisfaction
Table 3c

Factors Contributes to Pilgrimate Relative to Satisfaction
Item Descriptive
Items
Mean Interpretation
1. I have really enjoyed the visit 2.59 Strongly Agree
2. I am satisfied with my decision to visit this site 2.60 Strongly Agree
3. I have positive feelings regarding 2.63 Strongly Agree
4. This experience is exactly what I need 2.50 Strongly Agree
5. This was a pleasant visit. 2.66 Strongly Agree
As analyzed on the above table, item number 5 “This was a
pleasant visit” has the highest mean of 2.66 or “Strongly
Agree” depicting that visiting the church is a momentous
experience by the respondents.
While, item number 4 “This experience is exactly what I
need” has the lowest mean of 2.50 or “Strongly Agree” implying

43
that the respondents carefully planned their visits because it
is included in their bucket list.
The category mean is 2.60 or “Strongly Agree” highlighting
that the respondents feel good when they achieve their goals
which is to visit the church. In the study of Yeh et. al.
(2019) entitled, “The case of Mazu pilgrimage tourism” examined
the proposal that pilgrimage sites are like other tourism
destinations because they are multi-faceted products meeting
the needs of both religious believers and more general holiday
makers. The major findings revealed that ‘having a holiday’
accounted for most of the discrimination on a scale related to
motivation and satisfaction gained and most of the tourist
enjoyed it very much.
2.4. Summary on the Extent to which the Factors

Contributes to Pilgrimate
Table 3d
Summary Table on Extent to which the Factors Contributes to

Pilgrimate
Category Descriptive
Items
Mean Interpretation
1. Belief 2.51 Strongly Agree
2. Experiences 2.34 Strongly Agree
3. Satisfaction 2.60 Strongly Agree
Over-all Mean 2.48 Strongly Agree
44
As reflected in the above table, “Satisfaction” has the
highest category mean of 2.60 or “Strongly Agree”, while
“Experiences” has the lowest category mean of 2.34 or “Strongly
Agree”. The over-all mean is 2.48 or “Strongly Agree”
emphasizing that Belief, Experience and Satisfaction
contributed to the pilgrimage tourism which led to the
satisfaction of the respondents in doing the activity.
3.Correlation Between the Profile of the Respondents and The

Extent of the Factors Contributing to Pilgrimate Tourism
Table 4
Test of Relationship Between the Profile of the Respondents and

The Extent of the Factors Contributing to
Pilgrimate Tourism
Profile of the Respondents / Extent of the Belief Experiences Satisfaction

Factors Contributing to Pilgrimate Tourism
Pearson Correlation .117 .104 .039

Age Sig. (2-tailed) .170 .221 .645
N 140 140 140
Pearson Correlation .246** .231** .134
Gender Sig. (2-tailed) .003 .006 .116
N 140 140 140
Pearson Correlation
Type of Tourist Sig. (2-tailed)
N 140 140 140
Pearson Correlation -.068 .156 -.053
Employment Sig. (2-tailed) .426 .066 .536
N 140 140 140
Pearson Correlation .169* -.128 .142
Religion Sig. (2-tailed) .046 .131 .095
N 140 140 140
Ethnicity Pearson Correlation -.110 -.078 -.003
Sig. (2-tailed) .195 .361 .973
45
N 140 140 140

*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
a. Cannot be computed because at least one of the variables is constant.
As seen on the above table, there was a significant
relationship between the profile of the respondents on Gender
their extent of the following factors contributing to
pilgrimate tourism relative to Beliefs and Experience, hence
the rejection of the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of
significance. This conveyed that the profile on gender
influenced the assessment of the respondents on extent of the
following factors contributing to pilgrimate tourism relative
to Beliefs and Experience. Also, there was a significant
relationship between the profile of the respondents on religion
their extent of the following factors contributing to
pilgrimate tourism relative to Beliefs, hence the rejection of
the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. This
emphasized that the profile on religion influenced the
assessment of the respondents on extent of the following
factors contributing to pilgrimate tourism relative to Beliefs.
As concluded in the study of Stefko, et. al. (2019) entitled
"Strategic Marketing Communication in Pilgrimage Tourism” on
the current state of marketing communications in pilgrimage
tourism implied that there is a relationship between a
dependent variable and the interval variable.

46
Chapter 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary of findings, the
formulated conclusions from the findings and the
recommendations which are based on the conclusion.
Summary of Findings
The findings of the study are the following:
1. Profile of the Respondents
 The mean age is 34.99, dominant are females, majority
are explorer, work at the government, belong to Roman
Catholics and use Ilocano in their communication to
others.
2. Extent to which the Factors Contributes to Pilgrimate

47
Belief
 Item number 1 “I believe there are many rewards to a
spiritual way of life” was rated the highest mean of
2.56 or “Strongly Agree”.
 Item number 4 “Material prosperity is not more
important than spiritual growth” was assessed the
lowest mean of 2.38 or “Strongly Agree”.
Experience
 Item number 4 “I experienced the mystery of religion”
has the highest mean of 2.41 or “Strongly Agree”.
 Item number 1 “Language barriers” was regarded with
the lowest mean of 2.21 or “Agree”.
Satisfaction
 Item number 5 “This was a pleasant visit” was
evaluated the highest mean of 2.66 or “Strongly
Agree”.
 Item number 4 “This experience is exactly what I
need” was assessed at the lowest mean of 2.50 or
“Strongly Agree”.
3. Correlation Between the Profile of the Respondents and The

Extent of the Factors Contributing to Pilgrimate Tourism
 Findings depicted that there was a significant
relationship between the profile of the respondents
in terms of Gender and the extent of the identified

48
factors contributing to pilgrimate tourism relative
to Beliefs and Experience.
 Findings revealed that there was a significant
relationship between the profile of the respondents
on religion and the extent of the factors
contributing to pilgrimate tourism.
Conclusion
The findings of the study revealed that the possessing
spiritual morality is necessary for leading a peaceful
existence. The respondents believed that leading a spiritual
life has numerous benefits and spiritual development is more
significant than material prosperity. It can be also concluded
that the respondents discussed their experiences with other
pilgrims and Christians and regularly visit churches accessible
to them.
Recommendations
Based on the results of the study, the following would be
recommended:
 Encourage other tourist to participate into different
pilgrimage activities in different sites.

49
 Conduct orientation on the importance of pilgrimage
on the spiritual life.
 Promote domestic commercials and advertising
involving pilgrimage activities.
 Conduct a parallel study as other dimensions may lead
to higher more comprehensive study.
Bibliography
A. Books
Cecil, A. (2020). Small Business Owner’s Perception of the

Value and Impacts on Tourism. An Unpublished Thesis.
Faulkner (2018), in his study entitled “Tourism Politics and
Public Sector. An Unpublished Thesis.
Kala, D. (2021). Examining the Impact of Food Attributes and
Restaurant Services on Tourist Satisfaction: Evidence from
Mountainous State of India. An Unpublished Thesis.
Kala, D. (2021). Examining the Impact of Food Attributes and
Restaurant Services on Tourist Satisfaction: Evidence from
Mountainous State of India. An Unpublished Thesis.
Nayomia, G. (2019). Socio-Economic Impacts on Local
Community through Tourism Development with Special
Reference to Heritance Kandalama. An Unpublished
Thesis
Othman, P. (2020). The Impact of Tourism on Small Business

Performance: Empirical Evidence from Malaysian Islands. An
Unpublished Thesis.
Sharma (2019). Tourism-Policy, Planning and Strategy. AN
Unpublished Thesis.
50
B. Journals
Cha. R., (2018).Examining the religious tourism potential of

Manisa, Turkey with a marketing perspective", Tourism
Review, Vol. 70 No. 3, pp. 214-231.
Kelly, U. (2020). Social Impacts of Tourism in the Heritage
City of Vigan, Philippines and Ayutthaya City,
Thailand. Journal of Politics and Governance, 7(1), 118–133.
Minhaj (2018). The Sociopolitical Effects of Ideological
Change: The Buddhist Conversion of Maharashtra Untouchables.
in The Journal of Asian Studies, Association for Asian
Studies, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 269-292.
Hanes (2020).Exploring the Motives of Religious Travel by
Applying the Ahp Method—The Case of Monastery Vujan
(Serbia). International Journal of Religious Tourism and
Pilgrimage, 4, 33-34.
Santos, P. (2019). Marian Tourism: Eastern Orthodox and Roman
Catholic Pilgrimage. African Journal of Hospitality,
Tourism and Leisure, 5, 1-19.
C. Electronic Sources
Howard, K. (2020). Sacralizing the church inside a mall:

Redefining religious tourism in the Philippines. BIMP-EAGA
Journal for Sustainable Tourism Development. Retrieved
November 9, 2022, from
https://jurcon.ums.edu.my/ojums/index.php/j-sustainable
tourism/article/view/3170
Shane, (2018). "Factors Affecting Satisfaction and Revisit
intention of Pilgrimage Tourists: Bà Chúa Xứ Shrine in
Vietnam,". International Journal of Religious Tourism and
Pilgrimage: Vol. 9: Iss. 4, Article 9. Available at:
https://arrow.tudublin.ie/ijrtp/vol9/iss4/9
51
QUESTIONNAIRE
Dear Respondent,
We are conducting a survey on research entitled “factors
contributing to pilgrimage tourism: BASIS FOR TOUR PACKAGE”
The researchers will keep all information derived from
this survey concerning respondent’s information to which they
will gain access completely confidential. They will not
discuss, disclose, disseminate, or make survey data and
identifiers available.
NAME: ________________________________________
(OPTIONAL)
Age: _____________________
Gender: ( ) Male ( ) Female
Type of Tourist: __________________
Employment : ( ) Government ( ) Private
Religion:
( ) Protestant
( ) Baptist
( ) Seventh Day Adventist
52
( ) Iglesia ni Cristo
( ) Jehovah’s Witnesses
( ) Catholic
Others: _______________
Ethnic Affiliation:
( ) Ilocano
( ) Tagalog
( ) Ytawes
( ) Ybanag
( ) Isneg
Others:____________
General Instructions:
The following statements are indicators related to factors

contributing to pilgrimage tourism as basis for Tour Package.
Please assess yourself by putting a checkmark (✓) on the
appropriate column that would best represent your conformity to
each of the given statements.
Criteria:
3 – STRONGLY AGREE
2 – AGREE
1 – DISAGREE
PART II. Respondent’s Motivational Factors
BELIEFS 1 2 3
1.Spiritual orientation is essential for a tranquil life
2.Spirituality is relevant for a good quality of life
3.I believe there are many rewards to a spiritual way of life
4.Material prosperity is not more important than spiritual growth
5.Spirituality has a positive influence on my vitality and on my physical
health.
EXPERIENCES 1 2 3
1. Language barriers
2. Easily reached destination
3. Participated into different pilgrimage activities in this site
4. I experienced the mystery of religion
53
5. I shared experience with other believers/pilgrims
SATISFACTION 1 2 3
1. I have really enjoyed the visit
2. I am satisfied with my decision to visit this site
3. I have positive feelings regarding
4. This experience is exactly what I need
5. This was a pleasant visit.
Approved letter from President

54
Ethical Clearance
55
Informed Consent Form
University of Cagayan Valley

Institutional Review Board
Balzain Highway, Tuguegarao City
Cagayan, Philippines
IRB Form No. 004

INFORMED
CONSENT Version No. 002
(Research/Thesis/
Dissertation) Date of 0121
Effectivity
You are being asked to take part in a research study. Before you decide to participate in this
study, it is important that you understand why the research is being done and what it will
involve. Please read the following information carefully. Please ask the researcher if there is
anything that is not clear or if you need more information.
TITLE OF STUDY
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO PILGRIMAGE TOURISM
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Name: KING JOSHUA PASCUAL
Department: HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT
Address: ROMA NORTE ENRILE CAGAYAN
Phone: 09398288115
Email: pascualkingjoshua@gmail.com
PURPOSE OF STUDY
This study aims to determine the participation of the factors contributing to pilgrimage
tourism.
Time: Your participation in the study will take about 5 minutes
RISKS
The survey questionnaire is for research purposes only. There might be embarrassment, loss
of respect of others, labeling a subject in a way that will have negative consequences, or in
some way diminishing those opportunities and powers a person.
56
BENEFITS
The research is conducted to gain a better perspective and understanding on determine the
factors contributing to pilgrimage tourism. This study improves services and treatments not
just for you but also for future generations. It helps develop new tests for diagnosis,
treatments and processes that could eventually help enhance the research program. Taking
part in research can give you a more positive outlook on any effectiveness of the deterrent
factors to crimes
CONFIDENTIALITY
Subjects have the rights to be protected against injury or illegal invasions of their privacy and
to preservation of their personal dignity. The more sensitive the research material, the greater
the care that must be exercised in obtaining, handling, and storing data. To minimize the risk
for loss of confidentiality, researchers collect personal information that is absolutely essential
to the research activity. If personal data must be collected, it should be coded as early in the
activity as possible and securely stored so that only the investigator and authorized people
may access it. Identities of individual subjects are never be released without the express
consent of the subject. In addition, if an researcher wishes to use data for a purpose other than
the one for which it was originally collected and the data are still identifiable, the researchers
may need to obtain consent from the subjects for the new use of the data.
CONTACT INFORMATION
If you have questions at any time about this study, or you experience adverse effects as the
result of participating in this study, you may contact the researcher whose contact information
is provided on the first page. If you have questions regarding your rights as a research
participant, or if problems arise which you do not feel you can discuss with the Primary
Investigator, please contact the University of Cagayan Valley – Institutional Review Board
(UCV_IRB) at (078) 377 – 4617 local 227
VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION
Your participation in this study is voluntary. It is up to you to decide whether or not to take
part in this study. If you decide to take part in this study, you will be asked to sign a consent
form. After you sign the consent form, you are still free to withdraw at any time and without
giving a reason. Withdrawing from this study will not affect the relationship you have, if any,
with the researcher. If you withdraw from the study before data collection is completed, your
data will be returned to you or destroyed.
57
CONSENT
I have read and I understand the provided information and have had the opportunity to ask
questions. I understand that my participation is voluntary and that I am free to withdraw at
any time, without giving a reason and without cost. I understand that I will be given a copy of
this consent form. I voluntarily agree to take part in this study.
Participant’s signature ______________________________ Date __________
Investigator’s signature _____________________________ Date __________

58
Minutes of Proposal Defense

59
60
61
CURRICULUM VITAE
I. Personal Information
Name : King Joshua T. Pascual
Age : 22
Gender : Male
Civil Status : Single
Birthdate : April 16, 2001
Address : Roma Norte Enrile, Cagayan
Mother’s Name : Soledad Pascual
Occupation : Health Worker
Father’s Name : Danilo Pascual
Occupation : Farmer
II. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary : Roma Norte Elementary School
Address : Roma Norte Enrile, Cagayan
Secondary : Enrile Vocational High School
Address : Brgy. 02 Enrile, Cagayan
Tertiary : University of Cagayan Valley
Address : Balzain West, Tuguegarao City
Degree : Bachelor of Science in Hospitality
Management
CURRICULUM VITAE
62
Name : Robert H. Cagurungan Jr.
Age : 22
Gender : Male
Birthdate : December 12, 2000
Address : Salamague Iguig, Cagayan
Mother’s Name : Luzviminda H. Cagurungan
Occupation : N/A
Father’s Name : Robert E. Cagurungan
Occupation : Vendor

Elementary : Dumpao Elementary School
Address : Dumpao Iguig, Cagayan
Secondary : Vicente D. Trinidad High School
Address : Ajat Iguig, Cagayan
Management
CURRICULUM VITAE
63
Name : Anthony E. Barruga
Age : 22
Gender : Male
Birthdate : August 3, 2000
Address : Salamague Iguig, Cagayan
Mother’s Name : Jovita E. Barruga
Occupation : Housewife
Father’s Name : Tito E. Barruga
Occupation : Farmer

Elementary : Dumpao Elementary School
Address : Dumpao Iguig, Cagayan
Secondary : Vicente D. Trinidad High School
Address : Ajat Iguig, Cagayan
Management
CURRICULUM VITAE
64
Name : Jhunmar C. Marabot
Age : 26
Gender : Male
Birthdate : November 7, 1995
Address : Taguing Baggao, Cagayan
Mother’s Name : Leoncia C. Marabot
Occupation : Housewife
Father’s Name : Artemio P. Marabot
Occupation : Farmer

Elementary : Callao Elementary School
Address : Taguing Baggao, Cagayan
Secondary : Baggao National High School
Address : Poblacion Baggao, Cagayan
Management
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name : Michelle T. Tolentino
65
Age : 22
Gender : Female
Birthdate : June 19, 2001
Address : Abariongan Uneg, Sto. Nino Cagayan
Mother’s Name : Dominga T. Tolentino
Occupation : OFW
Father’s Name : Romel T. Tolentino
Occupation : Farmer

Elementary : Abariongan Uneg Elementary School
Address : Abariongan Uneg, Sto. Nino Cagayan
Secondary : Abariongan National High School
Address : Abariongan Ruar, Sto. Nino Cagayan
Management

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UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY

COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY MAMANGEMENT

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Tourism in global industry has been growing as wild pace

of technological advancements emerges from different places

and cultures. Consequently, the development of tourism brought

various effects on country’s economy which includes the growth

and development of different industries such as

transportation, accommodation, wildlife, arts, entertainment

generation of revenue from investments and services provided.

Republic Act 9593 declares tourism as an indispensable

element of the national economy and an industry of national

interest and importance, which must be harnessed as an engine

of socio-economic growth and cultural affirmation to generate

investment, foreign exchange, and employment, and to continue

to mold an enhanced sense of national pride for all Filipinos.

Meanwhile, pilgrimage tourism is essentially the process

of visiting pilgrimage sites. These are primarily religious

destinations and can even be said to have formed a very early

version of tourism. As mentioned by the Department of Tourism

through their website in 2022, the following are the famous

pilgrimage places visited by many Cagayanos. This includes

Tuguegarao Cathedral, Iguig Church and Calvary Hills, St.

Philomene Church (Alcala), Camalaniugan Church (Camalaniugan),

Minor Basilica of Our Lady of Piat, Lal-lo Church, and St.

Lorenzo Ruiz Church (Aparri).

Furthermore, the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)

defined religion and pilgrimage tourism as any travel beyond

the ordinary environment for religious purposes, excluding

travel for business purposes (like priests traveling for work)

attending wedding receptions or funerals is generally

classified as visiting friends and relatives. However, in

nations where these rites are strongly associated with

religion, they may be properly described as pilgrimage tourist

events. Pilgrimages are typically long journeys for religious

considered as a comprehensive trip that believers undergo to

deepen their ties to their religion. Currently, pilgrimage

tourism involves visiting certain churches, mosques, or other

places of worship as the main highlight in a vacation. It does

not have to be a protracted journey (as in a traditional

pilgrimage), but it might be a fast visit as part of any other

sort of tourism. It may be classified as one of the earliest

sorts of tourist attractions and a global experience in

ancient times of spiritual progress. Excursions to nearby

pilgrimage places or religious conferences are well-known

forms of temporary religious sightseeing.

Known to be a Catholic country, Philippines has various

religious landmarks such as historic churches, minor

basilicas, shrines, sacred sites, and locations that symbolize

religious significance. For this reason, a pilgrimage—a

journey of faith—had been an essential part of every

Filipino's spiritual life for the purpose of religious or

civil repentance. It also represents the longing and desire to

get close to God. For others, pilgrimage tourism plays an

important role in practicing "piñata," or vow, to ask for help

or to express gratitude through prayers. Further, it was

believed that reaching the sacred location brings about